CN117080339A - 单色硅基Micro-LED器件结构及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种单色硅基Micro‑LED器件结构及其制备工艺,属于新型显示领域,该结构从下而上依次为IC驱动电路、键合金属结构、发光像素单元、钝化层和透明阴极。其中,所述键合金属结构依次为上接触层、反射层、阻挡层、上键合层、下键合层、下阻挡层和下接触层;该器件结构的制备工艺先利用LED外延片与IC驱动电路先键合,然后去除外延片衬底和减薄N型层后,再进行半导体制程工艺,与现有的倒装键合工艺相比,wafer to wafer整片键合对准精度要求不高,键合工艺易于控制,键合设备相对便宜,垂直发光结构有利于改善LED器件发光均匀性、光提取效率和实现彩色化。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种单色硅基Micro-LED器件结构及其制备工艺,属于新型显示领域。
背景技术
Micro-LED微型显示器主要应用在虚拟现实、增强现实和混合现实(MixedReality,MR)以及平视显示(Head up Display,HUD)等高PPI显示领域。硅基Micro-LED基于GaN制备,GaN无机材料显示带来超高亮度优势(几万至十几万坎德拉亮度),适用于增强现实(AR)近眼显示系统。虽然Micro-LED显示性能优势相对于目前主流的LCD和OLED显示技术已经很明显,但Micro-LED的技术还存在许多不足之处亟需解决,各大厂商虽然相继推出了基于Micro-LED显示的产品,但由于技术不成熟导致成本太高,不能够投入量产。
目前Micro-LED显示技术的研究包括LED外延制备、Micro-LED芯片工艺、巨量转移技术、键合技术和背板驱动技术等,主要集中在 Micro-LED 芯片工艺、巨量转移技术和背板驱动技术上。其中键合技术涉及到将Micro-LED与背板形成有效固定及电连接,技术开发点包括高精度对位、键合材料选择、键合条件、可修复性等。目前Micro LED产品大多采用Chip to Chip的方式进行倒装键合得到的,该方法需借助高精度对位设备,工艺复杂且良率低、生产成本较高,单次产量低,难以适应微显示器产业大需求量的发展趋势。
发明内容
本发明目的在于提供一种单色硅基Micro-LED器件结构及其制备工艺。
为解决目前工艺存在的问题,本发明的单色硅基Micro-LED器件结构,其特征在于该结构从下而上依次为IC驱动电路、键合金属结构、发光像素单元、钝化层和透明阴极。其中,所述键合金属结构依次为上接触层、反射层、阻挡层、上键合层、下键合层、下阻挡层和下接触层:
上接触层采用金属Ni、Ti、Cr或其合金制备。上接触层用于提高金属与LED外延层的黏附力,并形成低接触电阻的欧姆接触,为避免吸收过多光线,上接触层厚度控制1-15nm。
反射层采用金属Al制备,厚度控制在10nm~500 nm。反射层用于提高LED的光提取效率,采用对可见光反射率高的金属材料制备。
阻挡层采用金属Ti、Cr、Pt或其合金制备,厚度控制在10nm~100 nm。阻挡层用于防止键合金属原子向IC驱动电路和LED发光层扩散,避免驱动IC和LED结构性能下降,造成器件出光效率的降低和Micro-LED器件寿命衰减。
上键合层和下键合层采用金属Cu、Au、Al、In、Sn或其合金制备,其厚度控制在10nm~100 nm。上键合层和下键合层由适当的金属体系通过热压键合的方式在键合交界面发生原子互相扩散形成的致密连接层。其中,上键合层和下键合层的组合为:Cu-Cu、Cu-Au、Cu-Al、Cu-Sn、Cu-In、Au-Au、Au-Al、Au-Sn、Au-In、Al-Al、Al-In、Al-Sn、In-In、In-Sn或对应金属的合金,其键合压力和温度根据上下键合金属不同而采用不同的键合工艺参数。
具体的,所述发光像素单元的结构依次为p-GaN层、多量子阱层和n-GaN层。
具体的,所述钝化层采用Al2O3膜层或SiO2与SiNx组成的复合膜层,所述钝化层在各个发光像素单元上开孔。钝化层用于对发光像素单元侧壁钝化、修复。
具体的,所述透明阴极采用ITO电极,厚度控制在5-250nm。
具体的,在透明阴极上制备一层折射率匹配层,折射率匹配层采用高折射率材料制备,厚度控制10-100nm。
具体的,所述透明电极上方设置微透镜,所述微透镜和发光像素单元一一对应,实现对Micro-LED发光像素光路准直和整形,有效调控Micro-LED出光角度和提升发光亮度及其发光效率。
所述微透镜外覆盖有派瑞林层,派瑞林层外设置玻璃贴片。
具体的,所述折射率匹配层外还设置有玻璃贴片,来保护器件不被损坏。玻璃贴片与显示面的对位要求较高的精度,同时涂胶要均匀,不能有气泡和漏胶现象。
一种单色硅基Micro-LED器件结构的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)在IC驱动电路上依次制备下键合金属结构中的下接触层和下键合层;
2)采用ICP、IBE等物理方法对下键合金属层结构进行刻蚀或采用涂胶、光刻、显影、下键合金属制备和光胶剥离等方法,实现下键合金属阳极像素化制备;
3)在LED外延片上依次制备上接触层、反射层、阻挡层和上键合层;
4)采用热压键合的方式使IC驱动电路与LED外延片完整键合;
5)采用物理或者化学方法去除LED外延片;
6)采用物理或者化学方法对N-GaN进行减薄;
7)制备GaN发光像素结构,对整个GaN发光结构和上键合金属结构进行刻蚀,以制备出完全独立的发光像素单元;
8)在GaN发光像素表面制备钝化层,并在发光像素单元上面实现对钝化层开孔;
9)在GaN发光像素表面制备透明阴极和折射率匹配层;
10)在透明阴极上面制备微透镜;
11)玻璃贴片、切片和封装测试。
具体的,步骤4)中所述热压键合的键合温度为150℃-500℃、压力为5KN-100KN。
具体的,步骤7)中所述发光像素单元的刻蚀采用二氧化硅和光胶进行双层复合掩膜,使用 ICP刻蚀设备进行,以制备出完全独立的Micro-LED发光像素单元。
具体的,利用原子层沉积设备(ALD)或等离子体增强化学的气相沉积设备(PECVD)制备一层Al2O3膜层或SiO2与SiNx组成的复合膜层,实现对Micro-LED 发光像素单元侧壁钝化、修复。
具体的,步骤10)中所述微透镜采用旋涂、曝光、剥离、回流和热固化方式制作。
本发明的有益效果在于:
1.本发明先利用LED外延片与IC驱动电路先键合,然后去除外延片衬底和减薄N型层后,再进行半导体制程工艺,与现有的倒装键合工艺相比, wafer to wafer整片键合对准精度要求不高,键合工艺易于控制,键合设备相对便宜,垂直发光结构有利于改善LED器件发光均匀性、光提取效率和实现彩色化。
2.目前LED器件衬底主流是蓝宝石和硅基衬底,蓝宝石衬底最大只有6寸,但还不成熟,主流是4寸;硅基衬底的LED器件已经可做到8寸,采用本发明wafer to wafer整片键合的方案可以实现8寸IC驱动电路与8寸硅衬底LED芯片键合,使LED器件工程化更具有成本优势,并且完全兼容现有8寸OLED微型显示制程。
3.采用ICP对LED芯片进行像素化过程中,难免会对发光像素单元侧壁造成损伤,采用Al2O3膜层或SiO2与SiNx复合膜层,对发光像素单元侧壁进行钝化和修复,可以有效减少漏电流产生,有利于提高器件发光亮度和电流效率;
附图说明
图1为本发明的单色硅基Micro-LED器件的结构示意图。
图2为本发明的键合金属层的结构示意图。
其中,1为IC驱动电路,2为发光像素单元,3为钝化层,4为透明电极,5为微透镜,6为折射率匹配层,7为玻璃贴片。
具体实施方式
实施例1:第一步,首先将8英寸IC驱动电路切割成4寸晶圆,将切割好4寸IC驱动电路和4寸蓝宝石LED外延片在在超声波清洗1分钟、冲洗1分钟、并放入洁净烘箱中完全烘干;
第二步,利用PVD等方法,在4英寸IC驱动电路上制备下接触层和下键合层,其中下接触层/阻挡层采用金属Ti制备,金属Ti厚度控制在15nm; 下键合层采用金属Cu制备,其厚度控制在10 nm。
第三步,利用PVD等方法,在4英寸蓝宝石LED外延片依次制备上接触层、反射层、阻挡层和上键合层。其中下接触层采用金属Ni制备,下接触层金属Ni厚度控制在5nm;反射层采用金属Al制备,反射层厚度控制25 nm;阻挡层采用Ti制备,阻挡层控制在10nm,上键合层采用金属Cu制备,上键合层厚度控制在10 nm。
第四步,采用ICP、IBE等物理方法对下键合金属层结构进行刻蚀,实现下键合金属阳极像素化制备;
第五步,采用热压键合机,在温度为400度,压力为50kN的条件下,实现蓝宝石LED外延片和IC驱动电路完整键合。
第六步,蓝宝石LED外延片与硅基IC驱动电路键合完成后,将键合好的片子通过上料机构放入激光剥离机台。采用激光功率在0.4W、波长为266nm的固体激光器对片子进行螺旋线扫描,待界面处的GaN受热分解,实现蓝宝石LED外延片的分离。
第七步,采用物理或化学方法对n-GaN层进行适当减薄处理。本实施例采用RIE刻蚀的方法对n-GaN层厚度进行减薄,刻蚀气体采用Cl2和SiF4,刻蚀气体比例10﹕100,功率为160W,刻蚀时间控制15分钟。
第八步,利用PECVD设备在外延材料上蒸镀1.5µm二氧化硅作为第一掩膜层。之后,采用匀胶、烘烤、曝光、显影将像素图形转移到二氧化硅上,匀胶厚度大致为3µm。二氧化硅及光胶作为GaN刻蚀时的双重掩膜,在ICP机台上,使用CF4气体对刻蚀掉露出的二氧化硅,然后采用BCl3/Cl2刻蚀GaN和键合金属,形成独立的发光像素单元。
第九步,利用等离子体增强化学的气相沉积设备(PECVD)制备一层100nm SiO2和200nm SiNx膜层,实现对Micro-LED 像素侧壁钝化和修复。
第十步,利用光刻和RIE刻蚀方法,在Micro-LED发光像素单元上面SiO2/SiNx钝化层实现开孔,其中,刻蚀气体采用SF6和氧气的混合气体,气体比为8﹕1,功率为200W,刻蚀时间为10分钟。
第十一步,首先通过PVD方法在像素表面制备ITO透明导电阴极,ITO电极厚度控制在30nm;接着,在ITO透明导电阴极上面采用PECVD方法制备一层SiO2折射率匹配层,厚度控制在40nm。
第十二步,采用光刻热熔工艺制备微透镜。首先在器件表面旋涂3µm回流胶,采用G线曝光的方式曝光出图形,并显影出光刻胶柱;然后在140度条件下回流5分钟,接着在160度条件下热固化15分钟,最终在Micro-LED发光像素单元表面形成微透镜制作。
第十三步,完成以上工艺后,最终完成器件贴片、切割、打线、封装和测试。
Claims (10)
1.单色硅基Micro-LED器件结构,其特征在于该结构从下而上依次为IC驱动电路、键合金属结构、发光像素单元、钝化层和透明阴极,
其中,所述键合金属结构依次为上接触层、反射层、阻挡层、上键合层、下键合层、下阻挡层和下接触层:
上接触层采用金属Ni、Ti、Cr或其合金制备,
上接触层用于提高金属与LED外延层的黏附力,并形成低接触电阻的欧姆接触,为避免吸收过多光线,上接触层厚度控制1-15 nm;
反射层采用金属Al制备,厚度控制在10nm~500 nm;
反射层用于提高LED的光提取效率,采用对可见光反射率高的金属材料制备;
阻挡层采用金属Ti、Cr、Pt或其合金制备,厚度控制在10nm~100 nm。
2.如权利要求1所述的单色硅基Micro-LED器件结构,其特征在于上键合层和下键合层采用金属Cu、Au、Al、In、Sn或其合金制备,其厚度控制在10nm~100 nm。
3.如权利要求1所述的单色硅基Micro-LED器件结构,其特征在于所述钝化层采用Al2O3膜层或SiO2与SiNx组成的复合膜层,所述钝化层在各个发光像素单元上开孔。
4.如权利要求1所述的单色硅基Micro-LED器件结构,其特征在于透明阴极上制备一层折射率匹配层,折射率匹配层采用高折射率材料制备,厚度控制10-100nm;折射率匹配层外还设置有玻璃贴片。
5.如权利要求1所述的单色硅基Micro-LED器件结构,其特征在于透明电极上方设置微透镜,所述微透镜和发光像素单元一一对应。
6.如权利要求1所述的单色硅基Micro-LED器件结构的制备方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
(1)在IC驱动电路上依次制备下键合金属结构中的下接触层和下键合层;
(2)采用ICP、IBE等物理方法对下键合金属层结构进行刻蚀或采用涂胶、光刻、显影、下键合金属制备和光胶剥离等方法,实现下键合金属阳极像素化制备;
(3)在LED外延片上依次制备上接触层、反射层、阻挡层和上键合层;
(4)采用热压键合的方式使IC驱动电路与LED外延片完整键合;
(5)采用物理或者化学方法去除外延片;
(6)采用物理或者化学方法对N-GaN进行减薄;
(7)制备GaN发光像素结构,对整个GaN发光结构和上键合金属结构进行刻蚀,以制备出完全独立的发光像素单元;
(8)在GaN发光像素表面制备钝化层,并在发光像素单元上面实现对钝化层开孔;
(9)在GaN发光像素表面制备透明共阴极和折射率匹配层;
(10)在透明阴极上面制备微透镜;
(11)玻璃贴片、切片和封装测试。
7.如权利要求1所述的单色硅基Micro-LED器件结构的制备方法,其特征在于步骤4)中所述热压键合的键合温度为150℃-500℃、压力为5KN-100KN。
8.如权利要求1所述的单色硅基Micro-LED器件结构的制备方法,其特征在于步骤7)中所述发光像素单元的刻蚀采用二氧化硅和光胶进行双层复合掩膜,使用 ICP刻蚀设备进行,以制备出完全独立的Micro-LED发光像素单元。
9.如权利要求1所述的单色硅基Micro-LED器件结构的制备方法,其特征在于原子层沉积设备(ALD)或等离子体增强化学的气相沉积设备(PECVD)制备一层Al2O3膜层或SiO2与SiNx组成的复合膜层。
10.如权利要求1所述的单色硅基Micro-LED器件结构的制备方法,其特征在于步骤10)中所述微透镜采用旋涂、曝光、剥离、回流和热固化方式制作。
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