CN117070821B - WC-Co metal ceramic particle gradient reinforced copper-based wear-resistant coating and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

WC-Co metal ceramic particle gradient reinforced copper-based wear-resistant coating and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN117070821B
CN117070821B CN202311032368.1A CN202311032368A CN117070821B CN 117070821 B CN117070821 B CN 117070821B CN 202311032368 A CN202311032368 A CN 202311032368A CN 117070821 B CN117070821 B CN 117070821B
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powder
spraying
percent
coating
cermet
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CN117070821A (en
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杨军
陈文元
刘维民
朱圣宇
程军
谈辉
陈娇
孙奇春
陈娟娟
耿钰山
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Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics LICP of CAS
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
    • C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
    • C22C29/06—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds
    • C22C29/08—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds based on tungsten carbide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/06—Metallic powder characterised by the shape of the particles
    • B22F1/065—Spherical particles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/12—Metallic powder containing non-metallic particles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
    • C22C29/005—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides comprising a particular metallic binder
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
    • C22C9/02—Alloys based on copper with tin as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/02—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of pressure only
    • C23C24/04—Impact or kinetic deposition of particles

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Nanotechnology (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a WC-Co metal ceramic particle gradient reinforced copper-based wear-resistant coating, which adopts a low-pressure cold spraying technology to spray spraying powder with the content of WC-17Co metal ceramic particles being increased in a gradient manner in CuSn10 alloy powder on the surface of a stainless steel substrate layer by layer, so as to obtain the copper-based wear-resistant coating with the metal ceramic WC-17Co particles in a gradient reinforced structure from a bottom layer to the surface in the coating. Meanwhile, the invention also discloses a preparation method of the coating material. The invention can improve the stress distribution in the coating and the wear resistance of the surface of the coating by the continuous gradient distribution of the metal ceramic reinforced particles in the metal matrix while maintaining the excellent electric conductivity and heat conductivity of the metal matrix, and is suitable for the preparation of the high-heat-conductivity high-electric conductivity high-wear-resistance copper-based wear-resistant coating material and the additive repair of the wear mechanical parts.

Description

WC-Co metal ceramic particle gradient reinforced copper-based wear-resistant coating and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal material surface protection and additive repair, in particular to a WC-Co metal ceramic particle gradient reinforced copper-based wear-resistant coating and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The copper and copper alloy coating material has wide application prospect in the design and preparation fields of mechanical parts such as high-end bimetal sliding bearings, current-carrying self-lubricating sliding plates and the like due to the excellent heat conduction, electric conduction and tribological properties. However, the copper-based wear-resistant coating prepared by the existing technologies such as powder metallurgy, thermal spraying, laser cladding and the like has the problems of high preparation temperature, large thermal stress at an interface and the like, so that the design and the preparation of the high-performance copper-based wear-resistant coating are limited.
The design of the hard particle reinforced copper-based coating material is one of effective ways for improving the wear resistance of the existing copper-based coating; compared with the ceramic hard particle reinforced phase, the cermet WC-Co has wide application due to good interface wettability with a metal matrix, processability and excellent wear resistance. However, the wear resistance of cermet WC-Co is reduced by decarburization and oxidation problems at high temperatures. Therefore, how to realize the components, structural design and low-temperature preparation of WC-Co cermet reinforced copper-based wear-resistant coating materials has become an important research direction of the high-performance copper-based wear-resistant coating at the present stage.
Cold spraying is a novel coating preparation technology based on low-temperature high-pressure gas acceleration spraying powder and enabling supersonic powder to collide with a substrate to generate plastic deformation deposition to form a coating. Recently, patent CN115846657a discloses a tungsten carbide-cobalt reinforced copper-based composite coating, a tungsten carbide-cobalt reinforced copper-based composite coating and a preparation method thereof, wherein the surface of tungsten carbide particles (5-30 μm) is chemically plated with mixed powder of cobalt powder and copper powder (10-40 μm) (the mass ratio of WC-Co to Cu powder is 1:9-2:3) by using a cold spray technique (carrier gas is nitrogen,The spraying temperature is 500-700 ℃, the spraying pressure is 2.5-5.0 MPa, and the spraying distance is 20-40 mm), thereby realizing the preparation of the tungsten carbide-cobalt reinforced copper-based composite coating. However, the abrasion resistance of the coating (abrasion rate 10 -2 mm 3 N.m) needs to be improved, and the preparation technology has the problems of high spraying cost, difficult equipment movement and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide the WC-Co cermet particle gradient reinforced copper-based wear-resistant coating capable of effectively improving wear resistance.
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of the WC-Co cermet particle gradient reinforced copper-based wear-resistant coating.
In order to solve the problems, the WC-Co cermet particle gradient reinforced copper-based wear-resistant coating is characterized in that: the coating material adopts a low-pressure cold spraying technology to spray the spraying powder with the content of WC-17Co metal ceramic particles being increased in a gradient manner in CuSn10 alloy powder on the surface of a stainless steel substrate layer by layer, and the copper-based wear-resistant coating material with the metal ceramic WC-17Co particles in a gradient enhancement structure from a bottom layer to a surface in the coating is obtained.
The coating material has a gradient reinforcing structure of WC-17Co metal ceramic particles, and the surface of the coating material also comprises a deformation reinforcing design generated by high-speed mechanical impact of the WC-17Co metal ceramic particles on the surface of the gradient coating.
The WC-17Co metal ceramic particles are spherical or spheroidic powder formed by agglomerating and sintering WC and Co powder, and the particle size of the powder is 15-45 mu m; wherein the WC content is 83 wt percent, and the balance is Co.
The CuSn10 alloy powder is atomized spherical or spheroidic powder, and the particle size of the powder is 5-50 mu m; wherein the Cu content is 90 wt percent and the balance is Sn.
The method for preparing the WC-Co cermet particle gradient reinforced copper-based wear-resistant coating, as described in the above, comprises the following steps:
spraying powder raw materials and component design:
the spray powder raw materials comprise five different proportions of CuSn10 alloy powder and WC-17Co cermet powder, wherein the five different proportions are 100wt percent of CuSn10 alloy powder, (90 wt percent to 50wt percent) of CuSn10 alloy powder+ (10 wt percent to 50wt percent) of WC-17Co cermet powder, (75 wt percent to 25wt percent) of CuSn10 alloy powder+ (25 wt percent to 75wt percent) of WC-17Co cermet powder, (10 wt percent to 50wt percent) of CuSn10 alloy powder+ (90 wt percent to 50wt percent) of WC-17Co cermet powder and 100 percent by weight of WC-17Co cermet powder;
uniformly mixing the spraying powder in different proportions mechanically, and drying in a vacuum drying oven at 70-80 ℃ for 1-2 hours to obtain a spraying powder raw material;
stainless steel substrate surface pretreatment:
polishing to remove pollutants and oxide layers on the surface of a stainless steel substrate by using 400-800 meshes of sand paper, ultrasonically cleaning to remove abrasive dust on the surface of the substrate by using absolute ethyl alcohol and acetone solution, and placing the substrate in a vacuum drying oven at 70-80 ℃ to obtain the dried and clean surface of the substrate material; then adopting low-pressure cold spraying equipment to carry out alumina sand blasting treatment on the surface of the substrate, and blowing the sand grains remained on the surface of the substrate clean by compressed air to obtain the treated stainless steel substrate;
preparing the WC-Co cermet particle gradient reinforced copper-based wear-resistant coating:
and adopting a spraying system consisting of low-pressure cold spraying equipment and a three-dimensional numerical control sliding rail, and carrying out layer-by-layer deposition on the surface of the treated stainless steel substrate by using the spraying powder raw materials with different proportions according to the gradient increasing sequence of the WC-17Co content in the powder to obtain the WC-Co cermet particle gradient reinforced copper-based wear-resistant coating.
The technological parameters of the aluminum oxide sand blasting treatment in the step II are 100-200 mesh polygonal aluminum oxide sand, the sand blasting pressure is 0.50-0.80 MPa, the sand blasting angle is 35-55 degrees, and the sand blasting distance is 25-40 mm.
The deposition process in the step III is as follows: and (3) spraying the mixed powder with the WC-17Co content of the metal ceramic particles in the spraying powder layer by layer from low to high, wherein the repeated spraying times of powder spraying in each proportion are 2 times.
The spraying process parameters in the step III are that compressed air is working gas of low-pressure cold spraying equipment, and the gas pressure is 0.65-0.80 MPa; the spray gun is controlled by the three-dimensional numerical control slide rail to perform planar and repeated spraying in an arc-shaped spraying path, the distance between adjacent spraying paths is 1 mm, the spraying moving speed is 25-40 mm/s, the spraying angle is 80-90 degrees, the spraying distance is 7-12 mm, and the spraying heating temperature is 500 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. according to the invention, by designing components of WC-17Co and CuSn10 spraying powder with the mass percentage from low to high and combining with the preparation technology process optimization of the low-pressure cold spraying coating, the gradient structure design and preparation of the WC-17Co cermet particle reinforced copper alloy coating are realized; the high-speed mechanical impact action of WC-17Co metal ceramic powder with the content of 100-wt% in the spray powder can further strengthen the surface of the copper-based gradient coating, and the wear resistance of the gradient coating is effectively improved.
2. The invention adopts low-pressure cold spraying technology to realize the preparation of the high-density low-stress gradient copper-based wear-resistant coating and the strengthening design of the surface, and compared with the existing copper-based coating preparation technology, the technology has the advantages of low spraying temperature, high spraying speed, portable equipment, low spraying cost and the like, and can effectively avoid the oxidation, decarbonization and decomposition of the spraying raw materials CuSn10 and WC-17Co powder. Meanwhile, the coating preparation technology has small limit on the thickness of the coating, and can be used for preparing protective coatings on the surfaces of materials and for additive repairing of worn surfaces.
3. The preparation method of the coating can realize the efficient deposition of the copper-based wear-resistant coating material with the metal ceramic particle gradient reinforced structure; meanwhile, the spray gun is combined with the computer-controlled three-dimensional numerical control slide rail, so that the deposition uniformity of the coating and the controllability of the thickness of the coating can be effectively ensured.
4. Compared with a metal ceramic particle reinforced copper-based coating, the metal ceramic particle reinforced phase in the copper-based wear-resistant coating is distributed in a gradient increasing structure from the bottom layer of the coating to the surface of the coating, deformation strengthening exists on the surface of the coating, the interface of the particles in the coating is well combined, and the coating structure is compact. Meanwhile, the gradient reinforced copper-based coating of the metal ceramic particles can improve the stress distribution inside the coating and the wear resistance of the surface of the coating through the continuous gradient distribution of the metal ceramic reinforced particles in the metal matrix while keeping the excellent electric conductivity and heat conductivity of the metal matrix, and is suitable for the preparation of high-heat-conductivity, high-electric-conductivity and wear-resistant copper-based wear-resistant coating materials and the additive repair of wear mechanical parts.
Drawings
The following describes the embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional SEM photograph of a WC-17Co cermet particle gradient reinforced copper-based wear resistant coating material according to example 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows the coefficient of friction (left) and the wear rate (right) of the coating according to the invention in a room temperature environment.
Detailed Description
The coating material adopts a low-pressure cold spraying technology to spray the spraying powder with the content of WC-17Co metal ceramic particles being increased in a gradient manner in CuSn10 alloy powder on the surface of a stainless steel substrate layer by layer, so that the copper-based wear-resistant coating material with the metal ceramic WC-17Co particles in a gradient enhancement structure from a bottom layer to a surface in the coating is obtained. The coating material has a gradient reinforcing structure of WC-17Co metal ceramic particles, and the surface of the coating material also comprises a deformation reinforcing design generated by high-speed mechanical impact of the WC-17Co metal ceramic particles on the surface of the gradient coating.
Wherein: the WC-17Co cermet particles are spherical or spheroidic powder formed by agglomerating and sintering WC and Co powder, and the particle size of the powder is 15-45 mu m; wherein the WC content is 83 wt percent, and the balance is Co.
The CuSn10 alloy powder is atomized spherical or spheroidic powder, and the particle size of the powder is 5-50 mu m; wherein the Cu content is 90 wt percent and the balance is Sn.
The preparation method of the WC-Co cermet particle gradient reinforced copper-based wear-resistant coating comprises the following steps:
spraying powder raw materials and component design:
the spray powder raw materials comprise five different proportions of CuSn10 alloy powder and WC-17Co cermet powder, wherein the five different proportions are 100wt percent of CuSn10 alloy powder, (90 wt percent to 50wt percent) of CuSn10 alloy powder+ (10 wt percent to 50wt percent) of WC-17Co cermet powder, (75 wt percent to 25wt percent) of CuSn10 alloy powder+ (25 wt percent to 75wt percent) of WC-17Co cermet powder, (10 wt percent to 50wt percent) of CuSn10 alloy powder+ (90 wt percent to 50wt percent) of WC-17Co cermet powder and 100 percent of WC-17Co cermet powder.
And (3) mechanically mixing the spray powder with different proportions uniformly, and then placing the spray powder into a vacuum drying oven to be dried for 1-2 hours at 70-80 ℃ to obtain the spray powder raw material.
Stainless steel substrate surface pretreatment:
polishing to remove pollutants and oxide layers on the surface of a stainless steel substrate by using 400-800 meshes of sand paper, ultrasonically cleaning to remove abrasive dust on the surface of the substrate by using absolute ethyl alcohol and acetone solution, and placing the substrate in a vacuum drying oven at 70-80 ℃ to obtain the dried and clean surface of the substrate material; and then carrying out aluminum oxide sand blasting on the surface of the substrate by adopting low-pressure cold spraying equipment, wherein the technological parameters of the aluminum oxide sand blasting are that 100-200 mesh polygonal aluminum oxide sand is adopted, the sand blasting pressure is 0.50-0.80 MPa, the sand blasting angle is 35-55 degrees, and the sand blasting distance is 25-40 mm. And after the sand blasting is finished, blowing the sand particles remained on the surface of the substrate clean by compressed air to obtain the treated stainless steel substrate.
Preparing the WC-Co cermet particle gradient reinforced copper-based wear-resistant coating:
and adopting a spraying system consisting of low-pressure cold spraying equipment and a three-dimensional numerical control sliding rail to deposit spraying powder raw materials with different proportions on the surface of the treated stainless steel substrate layer by layer according to the gradient increasing sequence of the WC-17Co content in the powder. Spraying mixed powder with the content of WC-17Co of the metal ceramic particles in the spraying powder from low to high (0-100 wt.%) layer by layer, wherein the spraying technological parameters are that compressed air is working gas of low-pressure cold spraying equipment, and the gas pressure is 0.65-0.80 MPa; the spray gun is controlled by the three-dimensional numerical control slide rail to perform planar and repeated spraying in an arc-shaped spraying path, the distance between adjacent spraying paths is 1 mm, the spraying moving speed is 25-40 mm/s, the spraying angle is 80-90 degrees, the spraying distance is 7-12 mm, and the spraying heating temperature is 500 ℃. The repeated spraying times of each proportion of powder spraying are 2 times, and the WC-Co metal ceramic particle gradient reinforced copper-based wear-resistant coating is obtained.
Example 1 a method for preparing a WC-Co cermet particle gradient reinforced copper-based wear-resistant coating, comprising the following steps:
spraying powder raw materials and component design:
taking mixed powder of CuSn10 powder and WC-17Co powder with different mass percentages as a spray powder raw material; the composition ratio of the spray powder was 100 wt% CuSn10 alloy powder, 90 wt% CuSn10 alloy powder+10 wt% WC-17Co cermet powder, 75 wt% CuSn10 alloy powder+25 wt% WC-17Co cermet powder, 50 wt% CuSn10 alloy powder+50 wt% WC-17Co cermet powder, and 100 wt% WC-17Co cermet powder, respectively.
And (3) mechanically mixing the 300 g spraying powder with different proportions uniformly, and then placing the mixture in a vacuum drying oven to dry the mixture at 70 ℃ for 2 h to obtain the spraying powder raw material.
Stainless steel substrate surface pretreatment:
polishing with 400-600 mesh SiC sand paper to remove an oxide layer on the surface of a 304 stainless steel substrate, placing the stainless steel substrate in absolute ethyl alcohol and acetone solution, ultrasonically cleaning to remove abrasive dust and impurities on the surface of the substrate, and placing the substrate in a vacuum drying oven to dry 2 h at 80 ℃; then the surface of the substrate is subjected to sand blasting (aluminum oxide sand) treatment by low-pressure cold spraying equipment, and the sand blasting process parameters are as follows: the sand blasting pressure is 0.50-0.70 MPa, the sand blasting angle is 35-45 degrees, the sand blasting distance is 30-35 mm, and the surface of the substrate is purged by compressed air after the substrate is subjected to sand blasting, so that the treated stainless steel substrate is obtained.
Preparing the WC-Co cermet particle gradient reinforced copper-based wear-resistant coating:
performing arcuate linear path spraying on the surface of the sand blasting substrate material by using DYMET 423 type low-pressure cold spraying equipment and combining a three-dimensional numerical control sliding rail, wherein the distance between adjacent spraying paths is 1 mm; the spraying carrier gas is compressed air, the air pressure is 0.70-0.80 MPa, the spraying distance is 7 mm, the spraying angle is 80-90 degrees, the spraying heating temperature is 500 ℃, and the spraying moving speed is 25-30 mm/s; and repeatedly spraying each proportion of powder for 2 times, and spraying the five proportion of powder for 10 layers to obtain the WC-Co metal ceramic particle gradient reinforced copper-based wear-resistant coating. The average thickness of the coating was about 1.5 a mm a.
The resulting coatings were tested for tribological properties on a ball-and-disc contact HT-1000 frictional wear tester. GCr15 bearing steel ball (phi 6 mm) is used as friction pair, the load is 5N, the rotation radius is 5 mm, the rotation speed is 360 r/min, and the friction time is 60 min; the coating wear rate was measured by a probe-type frictional wear gauge. As a result, as shown in FIG. 2, the average friction coefficient and wear rate of the finally obtained coating were 0.65 and (1.82.+ -. 0.03). Times.10, respectively -4 mm 3 /N·m。
Example 2 a method for preparing a WC-Co cermet particle gradient reinforced copper-based wear resistant coating, comprising the following steps:
spraying powder raw materials and component design:
the composition ratios of the spray powder were determined to be 100 wt% CuSn10 alloy powder, 75 wt% CuSn10 alloy powder +25 wt% WC-17Co cermet powder, 50 wt% CuSn10 alloy powder +50 wt% WC-17Co cermet powder, 25% CuSn10 alloy powder + 75% WC-17Co cermet powder, and 100 wt% WC-17Co cermet powder, respectively.
And (3) mechanically mixing the 300 g spraying powder with different proportions uniformly, and then placing the mixture in a vacuum drying oven to dry at 80 ℃ for 1 h to obtain the spraying powder raw material.
Stainless steel substrate surface pretreatment:
and polishing the surface of the 304 stainless steel substrate by using 400-800 mesh SiC sand paper to remove a surface oxide layer, placing the stainless steel substrate in absolute ethyl alcohol and acetone, ultrasonically cleaning the stainless steel substrate to remove abrasive dust and impurities on the surface of the stainless steel substrate, and placing the stainless steel substrate in a vacuum drying oven to dry the stainless steel substrate at 80 ℃ for 1 h. Adopting low-pressure cold spraying equipment to carry out sand blasting (aluminum oxide sand) treatment on the surface of the 304 stainless steel substrate, wherein the sand blasting technological parameters are as follows: the sand blasting pressure is 0.60-0.80 MPa, the sand blasting angle is 40-45 degrees, the sand blasting distance is 35-40 mm, and the surface of a substrate sample is purged by compressed air after the substrate is subjected to sand blasting, so that the treated stainless steel substrate is obtained.
Preparing the WC-Co cermet particle gradient reinforced copper-based wear-resistant coating:
adopting a DYMET 423 type low-pressure cold spraying device and a spraying system combined with a three-dimensional numerical control sliding rail to spray the surface of the sand blasting substrate material in an arcuate straight path, wherein the distance between adjacent spraying paths is 1 mm; the carrier gas is compressed air, the air pressure is 0.65-0.80 MPa, the spraying distance is 10 mm, the spraying angle is 90 degrees, the spraying heating temperature is 500 ℃, and the spraying moving speed is 30-35 mm/s; and repeatedly spraying the powder in each proportion for 2 times, and spraying 10 layers to obtain the WC-Co cermet particle gradient reinforced copper-based wear-resistant coating. The average thickness of the coating was about 1.2 a mm a.
The SEM photograph of the cross section of the prepared WC-17Co cermet particle gradient reinforced copper-based wear-resistant coating is shown in figure 1.
The resulting coatings were tested for tribological properties on a ball-and-disc contact HT-1000 frictional wear tester. The test method and the friction test conditions were the same as in example 1. As a result, as shown in FIG. 2, the average friction coefficient of the coating was 0.66, and the abrasion rate of the coating was measured as (1.07.+ -. 0.19). Times.10 -4 mm 3 /N·m。
Example 3 a method for preparing a WC-Co cermet particle gradient enhanced copper based wear resistant coating comprising the steps of:
spraying powder raw materials and component design:
the composition ratio of the spray powder is 100wt percent of CuSn10 alloy powder, 50wt percent of CuSn10 alloy powder and 50wt percent of WC-17Co cermet powder, 25wt percent of CuSn10 alloy powder and 75wt percent of WC-17Co cermet powder, 10wt percent of CuSn10 alloy powder and 90 wt percent of WC-17Co cermet powder and 100wt percent of WC-17Co cermet powder respectively.
And (3) mechanically mixing the 300 g spraying powder with different proportions uniformly, and then placing the mixture in a vacuum drying oven to dry at 70 ℃ for 1 h to obtain the spraying powder raw material.
Stainless steel substrate surface pretreatment:
and polishing the surface of the 304 stainless steel substrate by using 400-800 mesh SiC sand paper to remove a surface oxide layer and impurities, then placing the polished surface in absolute ethyl alcohol and acetone solution for ultrasonic cleaning to remove grinding dust on the surface of the substrate, and placing the polished surface in a vacuum drying oven for drying at 70-80 ℃ for 1 h. Adopting low-pressure cold spraying equipment to carry out sand blasting treatment on the surface of the 304 stainless steel substrate, wherein the sand blasting technological parameters are as follows: the sand blasting pressure is 0.50-0.80 MPa, the sand blasting angle is 40-55 degrees, the sand blasting distance is 25-30 mm, and the surface of a substrate sample is purged by compressed air after the substrate is subjected to sand blasting, so that the treated stainless steel substrate is obtained.
Preparing the WC-Co cermet particle gradient reinforced copper-based wear-resistant coating:
performing arcuate linear path spraying on the surface of the sand blasting substrate material by using DYMET 423 type low-pressure cold spraying equipment and combining a three-dimensional numerical control sliding rail, wherein the distance between adjacent spraying paths is 1 mm; the carrier gas is compressed air, the air pressure is 0.65-0.80 MPa, the spraying distance is 12 mm, the spraying angle is 90 degrees, the spraying heating temperature is 500 ℃, and the spraying moving speed is 30-40 mm/s; and (3) repeatedly spraying the powder in each proportion for 2 times, and spraying 10 layers in total by using the powder in different proportions to obtain the WC-Co metal ceramic particle gradient reinforced copper-based wear-resistant coating. The average thickness of the coating was about 0.8 a mm a.
The resulting coatings were tested for tribological properties on a ball-and-disc contact HT-1000 frictional wear tester. The test method and the friction test conditions were the same as in example 1. As a result, as shown in FIG. 2, the average friction coefficient and wear rate of the coating were found to be 0.68 and (0.72.+ -. 0.15). Times.10, respectively -4 mm 3 /N·m。

Claims (6)

1. A WC-Co cermet particle gradient reinforced copper-based wear-resistant coating is characterized in that: the coating material adopts a low-pressure cold spraying technology to spray the spraying powder with the content of WC-17Co metal ceramic particles being increased in a gradient way in CuSn10 alloy powder on the surface of a stainless steel substrate layer by layer, so as to obtain a copper-based wear-resistant coating material with the metal ceramic WC-17Co particles in a gradient enhancement structure from a bottom layer to a surface in the coating; the WC-17Co metal ceramic particles are spherical or spheroidic powder formed by agglomerating and sintering WC and Co powder, and the particle size of the powder is 15-45 mu m; wherein the WC content is 83 wt percent, and the balance is Co; the preparation method of the coating comprises the following steps:
spraying powder raw materials and component design:
the spray powder raw materials comprise five different proportions of CuSn10 alloy powder and WC-17Co cermet powder, wherein the five different proportions are 100wt percent of CuSn10 alloy powder, 50wt percent to 90 wt percent of CuSn10 alloy powder +10 wt percent to 50wt percent of WC-17Co cermet powder, 25wt percent to 75wt percent of CuSn10 alloy powder +25 wt percent to 75wt percent of WC-17Co cermet powder, 10wt percent to 50wt percent of CuSn10 alloy powder +50 wt percent to 90 wt percent of WC-17Co cermet powder and 100 percent of WC-17Co cermet powder;
uniformly mixing the spraying powder in different proportions mechanically, and drying in a vacuum drying oven at 70-80 ℃ for 1-2 hours to obtain a spraying powder raw material;
stainless steel substrate surface pretreatment:
polishing to remove pollutants and oxide layers on the surface of a stainless steel substrate by using 400-800 meshes of sand paper, ultrasonically cleaning to remove abrasive dust on the surface of the substrate by using absolute ethyl alcohol and acetone solution, and placing the substrate in a vacuum drying oven at 70-80 ℃ to obtain the dried and clean surface of the substrate material; then adopting low-pressure cold spraying equipment to carry out alumina sand blasting treatment on the surface of the substrate, and blowing the sand grains remained on the surface of the substrate clean by compressed air to obtain the treated stainless steel substrate;
preparing the WC-Co cermet particle gradient reinforced copper-based wear-resistant coating:
and adopting a spraying system consisting of low-pressure cold spraying equipment and a three-dimensional numerical control sliding rail, and carrying out layer-by-layer deposition on the surface of the treated stainless steel substrate by using the spraying powder raw materials with different proportions according to the gradient increasing sequence of the WC-17Co content in the powder to obtain the WC-Co cermet particle gradient reinforced copper-based wear-resistant coating.
2. A WC-Co cermet particle gradient enhanced copper based wear resistant coating as defined in claim 1 wherein: the coating material has a gradient reinforcing structure of WC-17Co metal ceramic particles, and the surface of the coating material also comprises a deformation reinforcing design generated by high-speed mechanical impact of the WC-17Co metal ceramic particles on the surface of the gradient coating.
3. A WC-Co cermet particle gradient enhanced copper based wear resistant coating as defined in claim 1 wherein: the CuSn10 alloy powder is atomized spherical or spheroidic powder, and the particle size of the powder is 5-50 mu m; wherein the Cu content is 90 wt percent and the balance is Sn.
4. A WC-Co cermet particle gradient enhanced copper based wear resistant coating as defined in claim 1 wherein: the technological parameters of the aluminum oxide sand blasting treatment in the step II are 100-200 mesh polygonal aluminum oxide sand, the sand blasting pressure is 0.50-0.80 MPa, the sand blasting angle is 35-55 degrees, and the sand blasting distance is 25-40 mm.
5. A WC-Co cermet particle gradient enhanced copper based wear resistant coating as defined in claim 1 wherein: the deposition process in the step III is as follows: and (3) spraying the mixed powder with the WC-17Co content of the metal ceramic particles in the spraying powder layer by layer from low to high, wherein the repeated spraying times of the powder in each proportion are 2 times.
6. A WC-Co cermet particle gradient enhanced copper based wear resistant coating as defined in claim 1 or 5 wherein: the spraying process parameters in the step III are that compressed air is working gas of low-pressure cold spraying equipment, and the gas pressure is 0.65-0.80 MPa; the spray gun is controlled by the three-dimensional numerical control slide rail to perform planar and repeated spraying in an arc-shaped spraying path, the distance between adjacent spraying paths is 1 mm, the spraying moving speed is 25-40 mm/s, the spraying angle is 80-90 degrees, the spraying distance is 7-12 mm, and the spraying heating temperature is 500 ℃.
CN202311032368.1A 2023-08-16 2023-08-16 WC-Co metal ceramic particle gradient reinforced copper-based wear-resistant coating and preparation method thereof Active CN117070821B (en)

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Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20120308776A1 (en) * 2009-11-27 2012-12-06 Seiji Kuroda Cermet coating, spraying particles for forming same, method for forming cermet coating, and coated article

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20120308776A1 (en) * 2009-11-27 2012-12-06 Seiji Kuroda Cermet coating, spraying particles for forming same, method for forming cermet coating, and coated article

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Effect of WC-17Co content on microstructure, mechanical properties and tribological behavior of low-pressure cold sprayed tin bronze composite coating;Z. Zhu et al.;Surface & Coatings Technology;第465卷;第1-11页 *

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