CN117066751B - Shot blasting forming method for welded wallboard - Google Patents
Shot blasting forming method for welded wallboard Download PDFInfo
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- CN117066751B CN117066751B CN202311345682.5A CN202311345682A CN117066751B CN 117066751 B CN117066751 B CN 117066751B CN 202311345682 A CN202311345682 A CN 202311345682A CN 117066751 B CN117066751 B CN 117066751B
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- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005480 shot peening Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phencyclidine Chemical compound C1CCCCN1C1(C=2C=CC=CC=2)CCCCC1 JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002760 rocket fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K31/00—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K31/12—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups relating to investigating the properties, e.g. the weldability, of materials
- B23K31/125—Weld quality monitoring
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C51/00—Measuring, gauging, indicating, counting, or marking devices specially adapted for use in the production or manipulation of material in accordance with subclasses B21B - B21F
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D31/00—Other methods for working sheet metal, metal tubes, metal profiles
- B21D31/06—Deforming sheet metal, tubes or profiles by sequential impacts, e.g. hammering, beating, peen forming
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
- C21D7/02—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working
- C21D7/04—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface
- C21D7/06—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface by shot-peening or the like
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Quality & Reliability (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Butt Welding And Welding Of Specific Article (AREA)
Abstract
The application provides a shot blasting forming method of a welded wallboard, which comprises the following steps: welding the wallboard parts by adopting a welding process to form a welded wallboard; carrying out residual stress distribution test on the welding line area to obtain average residual tensile stress; performing hardness test on the welding line area to obtain the average hardness of the welding line area, and performing hardness test on the non-welding line area to obtain the average hardness of the non-welding line area; shot blasting stress regulation and control are carried out on the welding seam area by adopting shots with the diameter not larger than 0.3mm, and shot blasting forming is respectively carried out on the welding seam area and the non-welding seam area by adopting shots with the diameter not smaller than 2 mm. According to the application, the stress of the welding line area is regulated and controlled through shot blasting forming, so that the technical problems of uneven stress distribution and difficult deformation accuracy control of the welding line area are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of aviation manufacturing, in particular to a shot blasting forming method for welded wallboard.
Background
The metal wall plate is one of the most important main bearing structures of aviation equipment, and the level of manufacturing technology directly influences the indexes such as equipment performance and the like. The shot-blasting forming technology is the most important manufacturing method of the metal wing wallboard of the current large-scale aircraft, and the principle is that the high-speed shot flow is utilized to impact the surface of the metal plate, so that the impacted surface and the underlying metal material are plastically deformed and extended, and the plate is gradually bent to reach the target shape. Because the special mould and press are not needed in the forming process, the forming method is flexible and various, and the fatigue performance of the parts can be improved, so that the method is very suitable for large-sized parts, and is widely applied to the forming of the integral wall plates of wings, fuselages, carrier rocket fuel tanks and the like of an airplane.
At present, the forming mode of the metal wall plate of the airplane is generally machining forming, the forming mode is a material reduction manufacturing mode, the material utilization rate is low, the processing steps are more, and the processing cost is high.
With the development of the welding technology, the manufacturing technology of the welded wallboard is popularized and applied, compared with the traditional riveting combined structure, the weight of the machine body can be greatly reduced, and compared with the integral machine-added wallboard, the welded ribbed wallboard can improve the material utilization rate, and the manufacturing cost is greatly reduced.
Along with the improvement of the mobility, durability and fuel economy requirements of the novel advanced aircraft, the welded wallboard structure is more and more complex, the curvature of the surface of the wallboard is complex, and the internal stress of the welded material is unevenly distributed, so that the control difficulty of the appearance curvature of the welded wallboard is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
First, the technical problem to be solved
The application aims to solve the technical problem of controlling the shape curvature of a welded wallboard.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the above purpose, the application adopts the following technical scheme:
the application provides a shot blasting forming method of a welded wallboard, which comprises the following steps:
welding wallboard parts by adopting a welding process to form a welded wallboard, wherein the welding area formed by welding the surface of the welded wallboard is a welding area, and the other areas of the surface of the welded wallboard are non-welding areas;
step two, carrying out residual stress distribution test on the welding line area to obtain average residual tensile stress；
Step three, the welding line area is treatedPerforming hardness test to obtain average hardness H of the welding line area W Performing hardness test on the non-welding joint area to obtain average hardness H of the non-welding joint area o ；
Fourthly, shot blasting stress regulation and control are carried out on the welding line area by adopting shots with diameters not larger than 0.3mm, and the shot blasting strength value isWherein: />The yield strength of the wallboard part is 0.4-0.6;
shot blasting forming is carried out on the welding line area and the non-welding line area respectively by adopting shots with the diameter not smaller than 2mm, and the coverage rate eta of the shots in forming is not more than 80%, wherein: the shot blasting air pressure of the non-welding line area isShot peening air pressure in the weld region>。
Preferably, the forming method further comprises:
step six, measuring the shape curvature of the welded wallboard by using a clamping plate or an arc height meter, and completing forming if the shape curvature meets the requirement; if the shot blasting correction is not met, carrying out the partial shot blasting correction on the area, which is not met by the welding wall plate, until the area meets the requirements.
Preferably, the measuring the curvature of the welded wall panel by using the clamping plate or the arc height meter comprises: and placing the welded wallboard on an inspection tool, measuring the distance between the surface of the welded wallboard and the surface of the inspection tool, and controlling the distance to be less than 0.5mm.
Preferably, the method comprises the steps of,、/>are smaller than the time when the pits meet the standard requirementsMaximum shot blasting air pressure value->。
Preferably, influenceThe correlation factor of the values includes: the material, thickness, and initial curvature of the welded wall panels.
Preferably, the panel part comprises a plurality of skins, and a plurality of the skins are welded to form the welded panel.
Preferably, the panel component comprises a stringer and a skin, the stringer being welded to the skin to form the welded panel.
Preferably, the weld region comprises opposite surfaces of the weld.
Preferably, in the fourth step, shot blasting stress control is performed on the welding line area close to one side of the stringer by using shots with diameters not larger than 0.3 mm.
(III) beneficial effects
The technical scheme of the application has at least the following advantages:
1. the stress of the welding line area is regulated and controlled through shot blasting forming, so that the technical problems that the stress distribution of the welding line area is uneven and the deformation precision is difficult to control are solved;
2. the method creatively provides a quantitative relation of shot blasting strength values by combining the calculation relation of the residual tensile stress of the weld joint region and the hardness of the weld joint region, provides a specific quantitative reference for the shot blasting forming process, and can be popularized and applied to other materials and structural forms.
3. Compared with the traditional metal wallboard forming method, the method can improve the outline curvature consistency of the junction area of the weld zone and the non-weld zone, so that the surface of the metal wallboard is smoother, and the pneumatic outline precision is ensured.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a welded wall panel according to an embodiment of the present application.
The reference numerals in the drawings are as follows:
10. welding the wall plate; 1. a skin; 2. stringers; A. a non-weld region; B. and a weld zone.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical schemes and beneficial effects to be solved more clear, the application is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the application.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "mounted" or "disposed" on another element, it can be directly on the other element or be indirectly on the other element. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected or indirectly connected to the other element.
It is to be understood that the terms "length," "width," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like are merely for convenience in describing the application based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are not to be construed as limiting the application, as the indicating device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating relative importance or indicating the number of technical features. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more, unless explicitly defined otherwise. The following describes in more detail the specific implementation of the present application in connection with specific embodiments:
as shown in fig. 1, the embodiment of the application provides a shot peening method for welded wall plate, comprising the following steps:
step one, welding wallboard parts by adopting a welding process to form a welded wallboard 10, wherein the welding area on the surface of the welded wallboard is a welding area B, and the other areas on the surface of the welded wallboard are non-welding areas A;
step two, carrying out residual stress distribution test on the welding seam area B to obtain average residual tensile stressThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The method for testing the residual stress distribution is well known to those skilled in the art, and the present application will not be described in detail.
Step three, performing hardness test on the welding seam area to obtain the average hardness H of the welding seam area B W The hardness test is carried out on the non-welding area A to obtain the average hardness H of the non-welding area A o The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Specifically, a plurality of hardness values are obtained by measuring the hardness of the weld zone B at a plurality of positions, and the average hardness H is obtained by adding the hardness values W And H o 。H W The hardness at the weld zone B, H can be characterized o The hardness at the non-weld region a can be characterized. Methods for measuring hardness are also well known to those skilled in the art and will not be described in detail herein.
Fourthly, shot blasting stress regulation and control are carried out on the welding line area B by adopting shots with diameters not larger than 0.3mm, and the shot blasting strength value isWherein->The yield strength of the wallboard part is 0.4-0.6; shot blasting is carried out by adopting shots with the diameter not larger than 0.3mm, so that the welding line area B cannot generate larger deformation, and residual stress can be released.
Shot blasting forming is carried out on the welded joint area B and the non-welded joint area A by adopting shots with diameters not smaller than 2mm, and forming is carried outNot more than 80%, wherein: the shot blasting air pressure of the non-welding line area A isShot peening air pressure of weld zone B>. Shot blasting is carried out by using shots with the diameter not smaller than 2mm, and the shots impact the welding line area B and the non-welding line area A to enable the shots to be plastically deformed.
In one embodiment, the forming method further comprises: step six, measuring the shape curvature of the welded wall plate 10 by using a clamping plate or an arc height meter, and completing forming if the shape curvature meets the requirement; if not, the unsatisfactory areas of the welded panel 10 are locally shot-peened until they are satisfactory.
In one embodiment, measuring the profile curvature of the welded wallboard using a cardboard or arc height gauge comprises: the welded wall plate 10 was placed on an inspection tool (not shown), and the distance between the surface of the welded wall plate 10 and the surface of the inspection tool was measured, with the control distance being less than 0.5mm.
In one embodiment of the present application, in one embodiment,、/>are smaller than the maximum shot blasting air pressure value when the pits meet the standard requirements>. Generally, the greater the shot blast pressure value, the greater the depth and diameter of the pit formed by the shot in the welded panel 10, but the flatness of the surface of the welded panel 10 is required to meet the relevant specification, and thus the shot blast pressure value needs to be controlled to be smaller than the maximum shot blast pressure value。
In one embodiment, the impactThe correlation factor of the values includes: the material, thickness, and initial curvature of the welded wall panel 10. It will be appreciated that the higher the hardness of the material of the welded wall panel 10, the more difficult it is to bend, the +.>The larger the value; the thicker the thickness of the welded wall panel 10, the more difficult it is to bend, the more +.>The larger the value; the greater the difference between the initial curvature of the material of the welded wall plate 10 and the curvature after forming, the +.>The greater the value.
Depending on the application requirements, the wall part 10 may be a ribbed wall or a non-ribbed wall. In one embodiment, the panel part 10 comprises a plurality of skins 1, the plurality of skins 1 being welded together to form a welded panel 10, the welded panel 10 being a non-ribbed panel. In another embodiment, panel element 10 comprises stringer 2 and skin 1, stringer 2 being welded to skin 1 to form welded panel 10, and welded panel 10 being a ribbed panel. Specifically, the stringer 2 is an L-shaped member, and one side bottom surface of the stringer 2 is welded to the skin 1. The shot peening method for forming the welded wall plate according to the present embodiment is applicable only to the weld region of the planar weld, and is not necessarily applicable to other types of weld such as fillet weld.
In one embodiment, weld zone B includes two opposing surfaces of the weld. The forming surface of the shot blast is determined according to the bending direction of the weld, and for example, if the weld region B is to be bent to the right, the shot blast may be performed on the left side thereof, and if the weld region B is to be bent to the left, the shot blast may be performed on the right side thereof.
In one embodiment, in step four, shot peening stress control is performed on the weld area near one side of the stringer with shots having a diameter no greater than 0.3 mm.
The following is a specific embodiment of the present application, which is described in terms of the formation of ribbed wall plates:
step one, connecting the stringers 2 and the skin 1 by friction stir welding process to form a welded panel 10, wherein the length-width dimension of the welded panel 10 is 1200mm x 1200mm.
Step two, carrying out residual stress distribution test on the welding seam area B to obtain the average residual tensile stress of 190MPa;
step three, respectively performing hardness test on the welded seam area B and the non-welded seam area A to obtain average hardness H W =90HV、H o =120HV。
Fourthly, shot blasting stress regulation and control are carried out on the welding line area B by adopting shots with the diameter of 0.28mm, parameters are represented by shot blasting strength values, and the shot blasting strength values are as follows。
And fifthly, shot blasting forming is carried out on the welded joint area B and the non-welded joint area A by adopting shots with the diameter of 3.18 mm. The forming parameters are characterized by shot blasting air pressure P and shot hole coverage rate eta. According to the corresponding relation between different air pressures of shot blasting forming and shot pit diameter, determining the maximum value of the shot blasting air pressure when the shot pit meets the standard requirement=0.45 MPa. Setting shot blasting air pressure of non-welding joint area according to information such as wallboard material, thickness, curvature and the like>Shot peening air pressure of weld region =0.2 MPa +.>Eta is not more than 80 percent. />、/>Are all less than->。
Step six, performing local shape correction after forming, placing the welded wallboard 10 on a clamping plate type inspection tool, measuring the shape curvature of the welded wallboard 10 by using a feeler gauge, and measuring the distance between the surface of the welded wallboard 10 and the surface of the inspection tool, wherein if the distance is smaller than 0.5mm, the requirement is met; if the requirement is not met, the same parameters in the steps are adopted to carry out local shot blasting forming on the parts which do not meet the requirement until the parts meet the requirement.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the application is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the application.
Claims (9)
1. The shot blasting forming method for the welded wallboard is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
welding wallboard parts by adopting a welding process to form a welded wallboard, wherein the welding area formed by welding the surface of the welded wallboard is a welding area, and the other areas of the surface of the welded wallboard are non-welding areas;
step two, carrying out residual stress distribution test on the welding line area to obtain average residual tensile stress；
Step three, performing hardness test on the welding seam area to obtain the average hardness H of the welding seam area W Performing hardness test on the non-welding joint area to obtain average hardness H of the non-welding joint area o ；
Fourthly, shot blasting stress regulation and control are carried out on the welding line area by adopting shots with diameters not larger than 0.3mm, and the shot blasting strength value isWherein: />For the yield strength of the wallboard part, a is 0.4~0.6；
Shot blasting forming is carried out on the welding line area and the non-welding line area respectively by adopting shots with the diameter not smaller than 2mm, and the coverage rate eta of the shots in forming is not more than 80%, wherein: the shot blasting air pressure of the non-welding line area isShot peening air pressure in the weld region>。
2. The welded wallboard shot peening method of claim 1, further comprising:
step six, measuring the shape curvature of the welded wallboard by using a clamping plate or an arc height meter, and completing forming if the shape curvature meets the requirement; if the shot blasting correction is not met, carrying out the partial shot blasting correction on the area, which is not met by the welding wall plate, until the area meets the requirements.
3. The method of shot peening a welded wall plate according to claim 2, wherein measuring the profile curvature of the welded wall plate using a jig or an arc height meter comprises: and placing the welded wallboard on an inspection tool, measuring the distance between the surface of the welded wallboard and the surface of the inspection tool, and controlling the distance to be less than 0.5mm.
4. The shot peening method of welded wall plate according to claim 1, wherein,、/>are smaller than the maximum shot blasting air pressure value when the pits meet the standard requirements>。
5. The method of shot peening a welded wall panel according to claim 1, wherein the influence isThe correlation factor of the values includes: the material, thickness, and initial curvature of the welded wall panels.
6. The welded panel shot peening method of claim 1, wherein the panel part comprises a plurality of skins, a plurality of the skins being welded together to form the welded panel.
7. The welded panel shot peening method of claim 1, wherein the panel part comprises a stringer and a skin, the stringer being welded to the skin to form the welded panel.
8. The method of bead blasting a welded wall panel according to claim 1, wherein the weld zone comprises opposing surfaces of the weld.
9. The shot peening method of welded panel according to claim 7, wherein in the fourth step, shot with a diameter of not more than 0.3mm is used for shot peening stress control of a weld area near one side of the stringer.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202311345682.5A CN117066751B (en) | 2023-10-18 | 2023-10-18 | Shot blasting forming method for welded wallboard |
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