CN117057004B - Method for calculating wave pressure on seawall - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for calculating wave pressure on a seawall, which comprises the following steps of S1, designing a physical model of a seawall section, placing the physical model in a wave water tank, generating periodic irregular waves in the wave water tank, collecting wave data, and obtaining the maximum wave pressure P of each calculation point on the seawall section max Measuring the data of each calculation point, and obtaining the position z of the maximum wave pressure point on the sea wall section by statistical analysis max D according to each calculation point w /H s And z max /H s Numerical programming maximum wave pressure point of action position corresponds to table 1, each parameter is measured, and the value is calculated by exponential curve y=ae Bx Fitting to obtain maximum wave pressure P of each point on sea wall section maxi Is calculated by the formula 1:wherein a is a fixed constant; s2: measuring depth d of water on platform on seawall to be measured w Effective wave height H in front of dyke s The position z of the maximum wave pressure is obtained from the lookup value of Table 1 max The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Measuring z i Each numerical value is brought into a calculation formula 1, and the wave pressure P at the calculated point on the sea wall section is calculated maxi 。
Description
Technical Field
The invention is used in the technical field of coastal engineering, and particularly relates to a method for calculating wave pressure on a seawall.
Background
In order to resist natural disasters, especially typhoon storm surge disasters, a scientific, reasonable and effective storm surge system must be constructed for protecting life and property safety of coastal people, a seawall is used as the most direct and effective coastal defense engineering measure, the method is widely applied to coastal areas at home and abroad, the problem of wave pressure calculation is one of key problems of seawall design, which directly affects investment of seawall engineering, but the seawall section is complex, a single section type of upright type and slope type is provided, a complex section type with a platform is provided, particularly in an economically developed river mouth area, the seawall construction is mainly reinforced based on the original old seawall, the section generally has a multi-platform characteristic, the lower part is a steep wall, the upper part is a slope type and the section type of a middle zone platform is common, the existing wave pressure calculation method is mainly applied to the single seawall, the lower part is a steep wall type and the upper part is a slope type and the complex seawall section type of the middle zone is difficult to calculate the wave pressure of the section of the complex seawall type, and the current method can only be provided for calculating the emergency type of the sea wall type.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to at least solve one of the technical problems in the prior art, and provides a method for calculating wave pressure on a seawall, which can determine the maximum wave pressure and distribution on a section for a complex seawall section with a steep wall at the lower part, a slope at the upper part and a platform in the middle.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a method for calculating wave pressure on a seawall comprises the following steps:
s1: design model obtaining calculation formula
S1.1: designing a sea wall section physical model with a steep wall at the lower part, a slope at the upper part and a platform in the middle, setting the slope of the upper slope of the sea wall section physical model as mu, the slope md of the steep wall at the lower part, the width of the platform in the middle as b and the water depth above the platform as d W Wherein the platform is below the still water level d W Take positive value and d is the platform is under the still water level W Taking a negative value, and setting the depth of water in front of a sea wall model from the bottom of a steep wall to a static water level as d Front part ；
S1.2: set d Front part Placing a seawall section physical model in a wave water tank, and generating irregular waves with different wave heights and periods in the wave water tank;
s1.3: after the waves are stable, continuously collecting wave data in the wave water tank, and obtaining the maximum wave pressure P of each calculation point on the sea wall section max Measuring the effective wave height of each calculation point to be H s Defining the gravity of water as gamma, and obtaining the position of the maximum wave pressure point on the sea wall section as z by statistical analysis max D according to each calculation point w /H s And z max /H s Numerical value programming a comparison table of the position of the maximum wave pressure acting point;
s1.4: measuring the horizontal distance z between the intersection of the hydrostatic level and the section and the calculated point i By the formulaCalculating the maximum wave pressure y, defining the measured +.>Data are x, regression analysis is performed on y and x, and the data are expressed as an exponential curve y=ae Bx Fitting to obtain maximum wave pressure P of each point on sea wall section maxi Is calculated by the formula 1: />Wherein a is a fixed constant;
s2: wave pressure calculation of calculation points on sea wall section
S2.1: measuring depth d of water on platform on seawall to be measured w Effective wave height H in front of dyke s Calculate d w /H s Numerical value, if d w /H s The numerical value is in the range of the comparison table, and the next calculation is carried out;
s2.2: look up d according to a look-up table w /H s Z corresponding to the numerical value max /H s Numerical value, position z of maximum wave pressure is obtained max ；
S2.3: measuring the intersection of the static water level and the cross sectionHorizontal distance z between point and calculated point i Calculation ofA numerical value;
s2.4 the z found in step S2.2 max /H s Numerical value calculated in step S2.3Numerical value, H s And gamma is brought into a calculation formula 1 to calculate the wave pressure P of the calculated point on the sea wall section maxi 。
Preferably, in step S1.2, the test data mu has a value of 0.0/0.5, the md has a value of 1.5/2.0/3.0, the b has a value of 0/6.67/20/40, d W The values were-6.67/-1.33/1.33/6.67.
Preferably, in step S1.2, the wave water tank has a length of 66m, a width of 1.0m, and a height of 1.6m, and a wave generating system is disposed in the wave water tank to generate irregular waves with a period variation range of 0.5-5S, a wave height variation range of 3-50 cm, and a maximum water depth of 1.2 m.
Preferably, the wave generating system comprises a wave generating plate, a linear rolling guide rail, a wave generator servo amplifier, a data acquisition system, a wave height instrument, a computer and a wave generating program.
Preferably, in step S1.3, the wave data acquisition time interval is 0.025S, after the waves are stable, the number of continuously acquired waves is not less than 120, and the wave force data acquisition time interval is 0.02S.
Preferably, in step S1.3, from the test phenomenon and data statistics, the effect of the steep wall is, -1.0<d w /H s <2.0, the effect of the platform on wave pressure is more obvious. When-1.0<d w /H s <At 0, the position range of the maximum wave pressure generation is (0.5-1.0) H s When 0 is<d w /H s <2.0, the position range (-0.3 to 0.5) H of the maximum wave pressure s 。
Preferably, in step S2.1, e.g. d w /H s The values are not in the comparison table, and a linear difference meter can be adoptedAnd (5) calculating.
Preferably, in step S1.4, a=2.14, equation 1 is
Preferably, in step S2, S2.5 is further included: and (3) repeating the steps S2.3 and S2.4, calculating the pressure of a plurality of calculation points on the sea wall section, and summarizing to obtain the wave pressure distribution.
Preferably, in step S1.3, hs is acquired using a wave height meter and the pressure sensor acquires the wave pressure P max 。
One of the above technical solutions has at least one of the following advantages or beneficial effects: the method for calculating the wave pressure on the seawall adopts a physical model test, simulates the wave pressure of natural irregular waves on the seawall section through a seawall section physical model in a wave water tank 3 in a laboratory, analyzes the change rules of the wave pressure on different seawall sections and wave conditions, and combines the maximum wave pressure P of each point measured on the seawall section model max The method comprises the steps of analyzing the position and the size of the maximum wave pressure and the change rule of the maximum wave pressure along with influence factors, namely obtaining a model formula of the wave pressure on the seawall by regression analysis and adopting exponential curve fitting to obtain a calculation formula 1 of the irregular wave pressure, and calculating the value of the maximum wave pressure by measuring and inputting data such as the water depth on a platform of the actual seawall, the effective wave height, the position of a calculation point and the like into the formula 1. The gap of the wave pressure calculation method under the section type is filled, after the formula 1 obtained by the sea wall section model is obtained, the maximum wave pressure can be calculated according to the numerical value measured on the sea wall and brought into the formula 1, and the calculation is convenient and the accuracy is high.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
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The foregoing and/or additional aspects and advantages of the invention will become apparent and may be better understood from the following description of embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the construction of one embodiment of a physical model of a sea wall section in the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a table of influence parameters of a sea wall section in the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a table of input element parameters for wave elements of one embodiment of the invention;
fig. 4 is a table of the comparison of one embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to the present embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the accompanying drawings are used to supplement the description of the written description so that one can intuitively and intuitively understand each technical feature and overall technical scheme of the present invention, but not to limit the scope of the present invention.
In the present invention, if directions (up, down, left, right, front and rear) are described, they are merely for convenience of description of the technical solution of the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the technical features must be in a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the present invention, "a plurality of" means one or more, and "a plurality of" means two or more, and "greater than", "less than", "exceeding", etc. are understood to not include the present number; "above", "below", "within" and the like are understood to include this number. In the description of the present invention, the description of "first" and "second" if any is used solely for the purpose of distinguishing between technical features and not necessarily for the purpose of indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated or implicitly indicating the precedence of the technical features indicated.
In the present invention, unless clearly defined otherwise, terms such as "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and the like should be construed broadly and may be connected directly or indirectly through an intermediate medium, for example; the connecting device can be fixedly connected, detachably connected and integrally formed; can be mechanically connected, electrically connected or capable of communicating with each other; may be a communication between two elements or an interaction between two elements. The specific meaning of the words in the invention can be reasonably determined by a person skilled in the art in combination with the specific content of the technical solution.
In which fig. 1 shows a reference direction coordinate system of an embodiment of the present invention, and the embodiment of the present invention is described below with reference to the directions shown in fig. 1.
In the invention, the seawall is a embankment project constructed for defending storm surge (flood) water and waves from harming the protection area; wave height, wavelength, period and wave direction are collectively called wave elements, wherein wave height refers to the vertical distance between a wave crest and a wave trough, wavelength refers to the horizontal distance between two adjacent wave crests or wave troughs, circumference refers to the time interval between the two adjacent wave crests or wave troughs to a reference point, and wave direction refers to the wave propagation direction; effective wave height H s The wave obtained by averaging 1/3 of the total number of large waves according to the wave height order in the rebeam or all observation records is called effective wave height; spectral peak period T p The period obtained from the spectral peak frequency is called a spectral peak period.
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for calculating wave pressure on a seawall, which comprises the following steps of:
s1: design model obtaining calculation formula
S1.1: referring to fig. 1, a sea wall section physical model 1 with a steep wall 13 at the lower part, a slope 11 at the upper part and a platform 12 in the middle is designed, the slope of the slope 11 at the upper part of the sea wall section physical model 1 is mu, the slope md of the steep wall 13 at the lower part, the width of the platform 12 in the middle is b, and the water depth above the platform is d W Wherein the platform is below the still water level 2 then d W Take positive value d when the platform is below the still water level 2 W Taking a negative value, and setting the depth of water in front of a sea wall model from the bottom of the steep wall to the static water level 2 as d Front part ；
S1.2: set d Front part The sea wall section physical model 1 was placed in the wave water tank 3, and irregular waves of different wave heights and periods were generated in the wave water tank 3 =40 cm；
S1.3: after the waves are stable, continuously collecting wave data in the wave water tank 3, and obtaining the maximum wave pressure P of each calculation point on the sea wall section max Measuring the effective wave height of each calculation point to be H s Defining the gravity of water as gamma, and obtaining the position of the maximum wave pressure point on the sea wall section as z by statistical analysis max D according to each calculation point w /H s And z max /H s Numerical value programming a comparison table of the position of the maximum wave pressure acting point;
s1.4: measuring the horizontal distance z between the intersection of the still 2 and the section and the calculated point i By the formulaCalculating the maximum wave pressure y, defining the measured +.>Data are x, regression analysis is performed on y and x, and the data are expressed as an exponential curve y=ae Bx Fitting to obtain maximum wave pressure P of each point on sea wall section maxi Is calculated by the formula 1: />Wherein a is a fixed constant;
s2: wave pressure calculation of calculation points on sea wall section
S2.1: measuring depth d of water on platform on seawall to be measured w Effective wave height H in front of dyke s Calculate d w /H s Numerical value, if d w /H s The numerical value is in the range of the comparison table, and the next calculation is carried out;
s2.2: look up d according to a look-up table w /H s Z corresponding to the numerical value max /H s Numerical value, position z of maximum wave pressure is obtained max ；
S2.3: measuring the horizontal distance z between the intersection of the still 2 and the section and the calculated point i Calculation ofA numerical value;
s2.4 the z found in step S2.2 max /H s Numerical value calculated in step S2.3Numerical value, H s And gamma is brought into a calculation formula 1 to calculate the wave pressure P of the calculated point on the sea wall section maxi 。
The method for calculating the wave pressure on the seawall provides a method for calculating the wave pressure on the seawall with a steep wall at the lower part, a slope at the upper part and a platform in the middle, fills the blank of the method for calculating the wave pressure on the seawall with the shape of the cross section, is simple and convenient to calculate, adopts a physical model test, simulates the wave pressure on the seawall cross section of natural irregular waves through a seawall cross section physical model in a laboratory in a wave water tank 3, analyzes the change rule of the wave pressure on different seawall cross sections and wave conditions, and combines the maximum wave pressure P of each point measured on the seawall cross section model max The method comprises the steps of analyzing the position and the size of the maximum wave pressure and the change rule of the maximum wave pressure along with influence factors, namely obtaining a model formula of the wave pressure on the seawall by regression analysis and adopting exponential curve fitting to obtain a calculation formula 1 of the irregular wave pressure, and calculating the value of the maximum wave pressure by measuring and inputting data such as the water depth on a platform of the actual seawall, the effective wave height, the position of a calculation point and the like into the formula 1. The gap of the wave pressure calculation method under the section type is filled, after the formula 1 obtained by the sea wall section model is obtained, the maximum wave pressure can be calculated according to the numerical value measured on the sea wall and brought into the formula 1, and the calculation is convenient and the accuracy is high.
In certain embodiments, in step S1.2, the test data mu has a value of 0.0/0.5, the md has a value of 1.5/2.0/3.0, and the b has a value of 0/6.67/20/40, d W The values were-6.67/-1.33/1.33/6.67, the test was specific using irregular waves as input conditions, see figure 2, the wave model was chosen as a normal model,according to the gravity similarity law design of the Fu Ru Deshu, according to factors such as wave factor values, section sizes and the like of different reproduction periods before a dike, the wave climbing selects a length scale lambda=15, input wave factors are respectively shown in a table in figure 3, and each group of simulated wave parameters are controlled according to the allowable deviation specified in the wave model test procedure (JTJ/T234-2001).
Specifically, in step S1.2, the wave water tank 3 has a length of 66m, a width of 1.0m, and a height of 1.6m, and a wave generating system is disposed in the wave water tank 3 to generate irregular waves with a period variation range of 0.5-5S, a wave height variation range of 3-50 cm, and a maximum water depth of 1.2 m.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the wave generating system comprises a wave generating plate, a linear rolling guide rail, a wave generator servo amplifier, a data acquisition system, a wave height meter, a computer and a wave generating program, when in test, a given wave design element and an adopted wave spectrum are input into the computer of the wave generating system, a wave generating signal is calculated and sent to the servo amplifier, the wave generating plate is driven to move correspondingly, a water body is further driven to generate wave trains, errors caused by mechanical inertia are corrected according to a feedback signal, wave element acquisition is carried out while wave generation is carried out, generally, the number of simulated waves is not less than 120 each time, and wave generating parameters are repeatedly adjusted, so that each parameter of irregular waves reaches a required value, and the requirement of the test procedure of wave model (JTJ/T234-2001) is met.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, in step S1.3, the wave data acquisition time interval is 0.025S, after the waves are stable, the number of continuously acquired waves is not less than 120, the data acquisition of wave force adopts a DJ800 system, the data acquisition time interval of wave force is 0.02S, each group of tests are repeated 3 times, and the average value is taken as a final test value.
In step S1.3, from the test phenomenon and data statistics, the effect of the steep wall is-1.0<d w /H s <2.0, the effect of the platform on wave pressure is more obvious. When-1.0<d w /H s <At 0, the position range of the maximum wave pressure generation is (0.5-1.0) H s When 0 is<d w /H s <2.0 wave pressure maximumPosition range (-0.3-0.5) H s 。
In step S2.1, in some embodiments, e.g., d w /H s The values are not in the look-up table and may be calculated using a linear difference.
In step S1.4, a=2.14, equation 1 is
In step S2, S2.5 is further included: and (3) repeating the steps S2.3 and S2.4, calculating the pressure of a plurality of calculation points on the sea wall section, and summarizing to obtain the wave pressure distribution.
In step S1.3, hs is acquired using a wave height meter and the pressure sensor acquires the wave pressure Pmax as a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Preferably, the sea wall section physical model is made of refined fir, and is divided into three parts: the pressure sensor is arranged on the sea wall body.
In the description of the present specification, reference to the terms "example," "embodiment," or "some embodiments," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The present invention is, of course, not limited to the above-described embodiments, and one skilled in the art can make equivalent modifications or substitutions without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these equivalent modifications or substitutions are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention as defined in the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The method for calculating the wave pressure on the seawall is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: design model obtaining calculation formula
S1.1: designing a sea wall section physical model with a steep wall at the lower part, a slope at the upper part and a platform in the middle, setting the slope of the upper slope of the sea wall section physical model as mu, the slope md of the steep wall at the lower part, the width of the platform in the middle as b and the water depth above the platform as d W Wherein the platform is below the still water level d W Take positive value and d is the platform is under the still water level W Taking a negative value, and setting the depth of water in front of a sea wall model from the bottom of a steep wall to a static water level as d Front part ；
S1.2: set d Front part Placing a seawall section physical model in a wave water tank, and generating irregular waves with different wave heights and periods in the wave water tank;
s1.3: after the waves are stable, continuously collecting wave data in the wave water tank, and obtaining the maximum wave pressure P of each calculation point on the sea wall section max Measuring the effective wave height of each calculation point to be H s Defining the gravity of water as gamma, and obtaining the position of the maximum wave pressure point on the sea wall section as z by statistical analysis max D according to each calculation point w /H s And z max /H s Numerical value programming a comparison table of the position of the maximum wave pressure acting point;
s1.4: measuring the horizontal distance z between the intersection of the hydrostatic level and the section and the calculated point i By the formulaCalculating the maximum wave pressure y, defining the measured +.>Data are x, regression analysis is performed on y and x, and the data are expressed as an exponential curve y=ae Bx Fitting to obtain maximum wave pressure P of each point on sea wall section maxi Is calculated by the formula 1: />Wherein a is a fixed constant;
s2: wave pressure calculation of calculation points on sea wall section
S2.1: measuring depth d of water on platform on seawall to be measured w Effective wave height H in front of dyke s Calculate d w /H s Numerical value, if d w /H s The numerical value is in the range of the comparison table, and the next calculation is carried out;
s2.2: look up d according to a look-up table w /H s Z corresponding to the numerical value max /H s Numerical value, position z of maximum wave pressure is obtained max ；
S2.3: measuring the horizontal distance z between the intersection of the hydrostatic level and the section and the calculated point i Calculation ofA numerical value;
s2.4: z found in step S2.2 max /H s Numerical value calculated in step S2.3Numerical value, H s And gamma is brought into a calculation formula 1 to calculate the wave pressure P of the calculated point on the sea wall section maxi 。
2. A method of calculating the wave pressure on a seawall according to claim 1, wherein: in step S1.2, the test data mu has a value of 0.0/0.5, md has a value of 1.5/2.0/3.0, b has a value of 0/6.67/20/40, d W The values were-6.67/-1.33/1.33/6.67.
3. A method of calculating the wave pressure on a seawall according to claim 2, wherein: in the step S1.2, the wave water tank is 66m long, 1.0m wide and 1.6m high, and a wave generating system is arranged in the wave water tank to generate irregular waves with the period change range of 0.5-5S, the wave height change range of 3-50 cm and the maximum water depth of 1.2 m.
4. A method of calculating the wave pressure on a seawall according to claim 3, wherein: the wave generating system comprises a wave generating plate, a linear rolling guide rail, a wave generator servo amplifier, a data acquisition system, a wave height instrument, a computer and a wave generating program.
5. The method for calculating the wave pressure on a seawall according to claim 4, wherein: in step S1.3, the wave data acquisition time interval is 0.025S, after the waves are stable, the number of the continuously acquired waves is not less than 120, and the wave force data acquisition time interval is 0.02S.
6. The method for calculating the wave pressure on a seawall according to claim 5, wherein: in step S1.3, from the test phenomenon and data statistics, the effect of the steep wall is that-1.0 < d w /H s When the pressure of the wave is less than 2.0, the influence of the platform on the wave pressure is obvious. When-1.0 < d w /H s When less than 0, the maximum wave pressure is generated in the position range of (0.5-1.0) H s When 0 < d w /H s When less than 2.0, the maximum wave pressure is generated in the position range (-0.3-0.5) H s 。
7. The method for calculating the wave pressure on the seawall according to claim 6, wherein: in step S2.1, e.g. d w /H s The values are not in the look-up table and may be calculated using a linear difference.
8. The method for calculating the wave pressure on a seawall according to claim 5, wherein: in step S1.4, a=2.14, equation 1 is
9. A method of calculating the wave pressure on a seawall according to claim 1, wherein: in step S2, S2.5 is further included: and (3) repeating the steps S2.3 and S2.4, calculating the pressure of a plurality of calculation points on the sea wall section, and summarizing to obtain the wave pressure distribution.
10. According toThe method for calculating the wave pressure on the seawall according to claim 1, wherein: in step S1.3, hs is acquired using a wave height meter and the pressure sensor acquires the wave pressure P max 。
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