CN117055633A - Photovoltaic panel posture adjustment method and device of photovoltaic equipment - Google Patents
Photovoltaic panel posture adjustment method and device of photovoltaic equipment Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D3/00—Control of position or direction
- G05D3/12—Control of position or direction using feedback
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
- H02S20/30—Supporting structures being movable or adjustable, e.g. for angle adjustment
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The application discloses a photovoltaic panel posture adjustment method and device of photovoltaic equipment, which are characterized in that speed information of current airflow and photovoltaic panel posture information of the photovoltaic equipment are obtained; when a preset adjusting condition is reached, calculating the information of an included angle between the velocity vector of the air flow under the same coordinate system and the normal line of the sunward panel under the current posture; controlling the photovoltaic equipment to rotate so that the velocity vector of the airflow is basically vertical to the sunny normal of the panel; under the condition that the velocity vector of the air flow is basically vertical to the normal line of the panel, the posture of the photovoltaic panel is adjusted at multiple angles, and the output current values and corresponding posture values of the panel under different postures are recorded; screening out the maximum current value and the corresponding gesture according to the recorded information; and adjusting the photovoltaic panel to the posture corresponding to the maximum current value. The capability of the photovoltaic equipment for coping with extreme climates can be effectively improved, and the probability of equipment damage and the use cost are reduced.
Description
The application is a divisional application with the application number of 202110905132.9, the original application date is 2021, 08 and 06, and the application is named as: a photovoltaic panel posture adjustment method and device for photovoltaic equipment.
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of photovoltaics, in particular to a method and a device for adjusting the posture of a photovoltaic panel of photovoltaic equipment.
Background
The existing photovoltaic power station is often arranged in areas with wide terrain, such as deserts, sea surfaces and the like, and sufficient illumination. However, such areas lack shielding, which results in high-speed airflow generated by extreme weather producing greater thrust and torque to the photovoltaic panel, even turning over the photovoltaic device and causing damage to the support structure of the photovoltaic panel; meanwhile, when the windward side of the photovoltaic panel is larger, sundries such as stones and the like mixed with the air flow also easily cause the damage of the panel, and the later generation efficiency is affected. Limited to the location of photovoltaic power plants, high material transportation costs, labor costs, etc. are required to repair damaged photovoltaic equipment. Currently, the main way to solve the above-mentioned problems is to cope with the bad weather conditions by reinforcing the supporting structure strength of the equipment or by making the equipment of high strength materials, etc. However, the above solution still has the problems of high manufacturing cost, difficult maintenance and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems, the application provides a photovoltaic panel posture adjustment method and device of photovoltaic equipment. The method can effectively improve the capability of the photovoltaic equipment to cope with extreme climates, reduce the probability of equipment damage, and finally effectively reduce the overall maintenance cost of the equipment and the operation cost of the photovoltaic power station.
To achieve the above object, according to an aspect of the embodiments of the present application, there is provided a method for adjusting a posture of a photovoltaic panel of a photovoltaic device, including:
acquiring speed information of current air flow and attitude information of a photovoltaic panel of photovoltaic equipment;
calculating the load of the air flow to the panel when the speed of the air flow exceeds a preset threshold value, and calculating the information of the included angle between the speed vector of the air flow under the same coordinate system and the normal line of the panel facing the sun under the current posture when the load exceeds the preset threshold value;
controlling the photovoltaic equipment to rotate so that the velocity vector of the airflow is basically vertical to the sunny normal of the panel;
under the condition that the velocity vector of the air flow is basically vertical to the normal line of the panel, the posture of the photovoltaic panel is adjusted at multiple angles, and the output current values and corresponding posture values of the panel under different postures are recorded;
screening out the maximum current value and the corresponding gesture according to the recorded information; and adjusting the photovoltaic panel to the posture corresponding to the maximum current value.
Optionally, the driving mechanism for controlling the rotation of the photovoltaic device is a hydraulic motor, an inlet end and an outlet end of the hydraulic motor are respectively connected with an outlet end of the hydraulic lock, the inlet end of the hydraulic lock is respectively connected with a working port of the three-position four-way reversing valve, and the middle position function of the three-position four-way reversing valve is O-shaped.
Optionally, after controlling the rotation of the photovoltaic device so that the velocity vector of the airflow is substantially perpendicular to the normal of the panel, the method further comprises:
the output current of the photovoltaic panel is monitored, and when the output current is basically zero, the photovoltaic device is controlled to rotate 180 degrees.
Optionally, the multi-angle adjusting the posture of the photovoltaic panel includes:
the photovoltaic panel is rotated along the sun-facing normal of the panel and/or in a plane parallel to the direction of the air flow.
Optionally, the rotating photovoltaic panel includes:
the photovoltaic panel is rotated along the normal to the sun of the panel by discrete preset ranges and/or rotated in a plane parallel to the direction of airflow by discrete preset ranges.
Optionally, before rotating the photovoltaic panel in the discrete preset ranges, the method further includes:
calculating the stroke corresponding to each driving mechanism when the stroke of each driving mechanism is equal in the process of adjusting the photovoltaic panel from the current posture to the next preset posture;
and calculating the fluid flow distributed to each driving mechanism according to the corresponding stroke, and controlling the valve opening of the flow control unit corresponding to each driving mechanism based on the fluid flow so as to control the photovoltaic panel to reach the next preset posture.
Optionally, the adjusting the posture of the photovoltaic panel to correspond to the maximum current value further includes:
in the process of calculating the posture of the photovoltaic panel from the current posture to the posture corresponding to the maximum current value, enabling the strokes of all the driving mechanisms to be equal;
and calculating the fluid flow distributed to each driving mechanism according to the corresponding stroke, and controlling the valve opening of the flow control unit corresponding to each driving mechanism based on the fluid flow so as to control the photovoltaic panel to reach the posture corresponding to the maximum current value.
Optionally, the driving mechanism is a hydraulic cylinder, and an inlet end and an outlet end of the hydraulic cylinder are respectively connected with an outlet end of the hydraulic lock; the inlet end of the hydraulic lock is respectively connected with the working ports of the three-position four-way reversing valve, the inlet end of the three-position four-way reversing valve is connected with the outlet end of the flow control unit, and the median function of the three-position four-way reversing valve is O-shaped.
According to a second aspect of the embodiment of the present application, there is provided a photovoltaic panel posture adjustment device of a photovoltaic apparatus, where the adjustment device is configured to implement the method according to the first aspect of the embodiment of the present application; the adjusting device includes:
the speed sensor is used for measuring the speed information of the current airflow;
the attitude sensor is used for measuring the attitude information of the photovoltaic panel of the current photovoltaic device;
the control unit is used for acquiring the speed information and the attitude information, calculating the load of the air flow on the panel when the speed of the air flow exceeds a preset threshold value, and calculating the included angle information between the speed vector of the air flow under the same coordinate system and the sunward normal of the panel under the current attitude when the load exceeds the preset threshold value; controlling the photovoltaic equipment to rotate according to the included angle information, so that the velocity vector of the air flow is basically vertical to the sun-facing normal of the panel;
under the condition that the velocity vector of the air flow is basically vertical to the normal line of the panel, the control unit adjusts the gesture of the photovoltaic panel at multiple angles, and records the output current values and corresponding gesture values of the panel under different gestures; and screening out the maximum current value and the corresponding gesture according to the recorded information; and adjusting the photovoltaic panel to the posture corresponding to the maximum current value.
Optionally, the method further comprises:
the control unit calculates the stroke corresponding to each driving mechanism when the stroke of each driving mechanism is equal in the process of adjusting the photovoltaic panel from the current posture to the posture corresponding to the maximum current value; and calculating the fluid flow distributed to each driving mechanism according to the corresponding stroke, and controlling the valve opening of the flow control unit corresponding to each driving mechanism based on the fluid flow so as to control the photovoltaic panel to reach the posture corresponding to the maximum current value.
The technical scheme of the application has the following advantages or beneficial effects:
(1) Calculating the load of the air flow to the panel by judging that the speed of the air flow exceeds a preset threshold value, and calculating the information of an included angle between the speed vector of the air flow and the normal line of the panel facing the sun under the current posture under the same coordinate system when the load exceeds the preset threshold value, so as to control the rotation of the photovoltaic equipment, and enable the speed vector of the air flow to be basically vertical to the normal line of the panel facing the sun; the photovoltaic equipment can be regulated only under specific conditions, so that the problem of frequent regulation of equipment posture is effectively avoided, most of the equipment is in a normal and efficient working state, and the power generation efficiency of the panel is improved.
(2) Under the condition that the velocity vector of the air flow is basically vertical to the normal line of the panel, the posture of the photovoltaic panel is adjusted at multiple angles, and the output current values and corresponding posture values of the panel under different postures are recorded; screening out the maximum current value and the corresponding gesture according to the recorded information; adjusting the photovoltaic panel to the posture corresponding to the maximum current value; the method can reduce the flow area of the panel to the minimum (namely, the panel is adjusted to be parallel to the direction of the airflow speed), improve the capability of the equipment to cope with extreme bad weather, and search the optimal power generation gesture again on the basis so as to obtain high-efficiency power generation efficiency.
(3) The driving mechanism for controlling the rotation of the photovoltaic equipment is a hydraulic motor, the inlet end and the outlet end of the hydraulic motor are respectively connected with the outlet end of a hydraulic lock, the inlet end of the hydraulic lock is respectively connected with the working port of a three-position four-way reversing valve, and the median function of the three-position four-way reversing valve is O-shaped; the driving mechanism is a hydraulic cylinder, and the inlet end and the outlet end of the hydraulic cylinder are respectively connected with the outlet end of the hydraulic lock; the inlet end of the hydraulic lock is respectively connected with the working port of the three-position four-way reversing valve, the inlet end of the three-position four-way reversing valve is connected with the outlet end of the flow control unit, and the median function of the three-position four-way reversing valve is O-shaped; the two means effectively utilize the O-shaped median function of the reversing valve and the hydraulic lock to construct a double locking mechanism, so that the stability of the equipment posture is ensured. Meanwhile, the characteristics of large output force and torque of the hydraulic driving mechanism are sufficient, so that the device has stronger execution capacity and can effectively cope with extreme climate or weather.
(4) Rotating the photovoltaic panel along a normal to the sun of the panel in a discrete predetermined range and/or rotating the photovoltaic panel in a plane parallel to the direction of airflow in a discrete predetermined range; the optimal power generation gesture can be quickly searched, and the optimal power generation gesture can be calculated by combining an interpolation algorithm, so that the search space and the adjustment times are reduced.
(5) Calculating the fluid flow distributed to each driving mechanism according to the corresponding stroke, and controlling the valve opening of the flow control unit corresponding to each driving mechanism based on the fluid flow so as to control the photovoltaic panel to reach the next preset gesture; according to the evenly distributed stroke of each driving structure, the time consumed by the movement of the driving mechanism is the same, and the panel can be quickly adjusted to the set position.
Drawings
The drawings are included to provide a better understanding of the application and are not to be construed as unduly limiting the application. Wherein:
fig. 1 is a schematic view of a main flow of a method for adjusting the posture of a photovoltaic panel of a photovoltaic apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic device according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of a control mechanism of a photovoltaic apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present application will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which various details of the embodiments of the present application are included to facilitate understanding, and are to be considered merely exemplary. Accordingly, those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that various changes and modifications of the embodiments described herein can be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the application. Also, descriptions of well-known functions and constructions are omitted in the following description for clarity and conciseness.
According to one aspect of the embodiment of the application, a photovoltaic panel posture adjustment method of a photovoltaic device is provided.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a main flow of a method for adjusting the posture of a photovoltaic panel of a photovoltaic apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 1, a method for adjusting the posture of a photovoltaic panel of a photovoltaic device according to an embodiment of the present application includes: step S101 to step S105.
Step S101, speed information of current air flow and photovoltaic panel posture information of photovoltaic equipment are obtained.
In the process that the weather of the area where the photovoltaic power station is located is continuously changed, the information such as the size, the direction and the like of the air flow is greatly changed along with seasons. Especially for the season of the monsoon, photovoltaic devices have long been accompanied by airflow in a specific direction. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the airflow information and the attitude information of the photovoltaic panel, and adjust the attitude of the photovoltaic panel of the photovoltaic device under specific conditions to reduce the wind force to which it is subjected. The present application exemplary option utilizes a sensor to obtain speed information of the current airflow, such as a speed sensor; and measuring the posture information of the photovoltaic panel of the photovoltaic device by using the posture sensor. The method can record initial posture information during initial installation, record adjustment quantity in real time during each adjustment process, obtain current posture information through numerical calculation, and record adjustment history for subsequent inquiry.
Step S102, when the speed of the air flow exceeds a preset threshold value, calculating the load of the air flow on the panel, and when the load exceeds the preset threshold value, calculating the information of the included angle between the speed vector of the air flow under the same coordinate system and the sunward normal line of the panel under the current posture.
The individual elements of the photovoltaic device are designed and manufactured according to the actual requirements. Which itself is able to withstand certain hostile environments. Therefore, when the structural strength is enough to resist the environmental wind, the posture adjustment of the panel mainly meets the power generation requirement, namely, the posture adjustment aims at obtaining the maximum power generation efficiency. When the monitored airflow rate exceeds the design threshold, consideration needs to be given to whether to adjust the panel attitude. By way of example, the design threshold may be an airflow rate up to 25m/s, 30m/s, etc. In actual use, the included angle between the panel and the air flow is different, and the stress condition is also different. When the magnitude of the airflow velocity reaches the threshold value, the panel may still be subjected to wind forces less than the designed load bearing threshold value because of the difference in the included angles. Therefore, when the magnitude of the velocity of the air flow exceeds a preset threshold, it is also necessary to calculate the load of the air flow on the panel. The load refers to the thrust force applied to the panel in the normal direction of the windward surface, and of course, all the forces and moments applied along each coordinate axis can be considered as required, and whether the forces and moments do not exceed the designed safety value is judged. In addition, the load of the panel can also be measured by the sensor. However, in consideration of the problems of inconvenient sensor installation, poor universality of the sensor installation mode, inaccurate measurement and the like caused by different sizes and different geometric shapes of panels in actual use and different connection modes among panel subunits, the load value is obtained by adopting a numerical calculation mode. The load of the application refers to the load applied to the normal direction of the photovoltaic panel, and the specific calculation formula is as follows:
wherein F is the load applied to the normal direction of the photovoltaic panel, ρ is the air density, S is the maximum flow-facing area of the photovoltaic panel, v is the relative speed between the air flow and the photovoltaic panel, θ is the angle between the air flow velocity vector and the normal of the photovoltaic panel, that is, the load F, C can be obtained by projecting the air flow resistance to the normal direction of the panel according to the angle between the air flow velocity vector and the panel x The resistance coefficient can be obtained through numerical simulation or test. The load parallel to the panel surface, or forces and moments along other axes, may also be calculated, depending on the needs of the application.
And when the load exceeds a preset threshold value, calculating the information of the included angle between the velocity vector of the air flow under the same coordinate system and the normal line of the sunward panel under the current posture. Because the air flow and the panel gesture are vectors, the selected reference systems are different, and the measurement results are also different. In practice, the values measured by the respective sensors need to be converted into the same coordinate system, for example, into the ground coordinate system, such as the coordinate system shown in fig. 2. Of course, the ground coordinate system can also take the installation point of the photovoltaic equipment as the origin of coordinates, the x-axis is parallel to the ground, the z-axis is perpendicular to the ground, and then the y-axis is obtained by right-hand rule, so that a rectangular coordinate system is obtained. Furthermore, in the same coordinate system, the information of the included angle between the velocity vector of the air flow and the normal line (see the normal line shown as 203 in fig. 2 for details) of the panel facing the sun in the current posture can be calculated.
And step S103, controlling the photovoltaic equipment to rotate so that the velocity vector of the airflow is basically vertical to the sun-facing normal line of the panel.
As shown in fig. 2, by reducing the flow area of the photovoltaic panel 202, the airflow 201 load it receives can be effectively reduced. In practical use, the angle between the two can be properly adjusted to reduce the flow area of the photovoltaic panel. And aiming at extreme weather, the probability of panel damage can be reduced to the minimum by rapidly reducing the flow-facing area, and the maintenance cost and the operation cost are reduced. Thus, the present application, by controlling the rotation of the photovoltaic device 200, causes the velocity vector of the airflow to be substantially perpendicular to the panel's sunny normal 203 for extreme weather or climate conditions. That is, the direction of the velocity vector of the air flow is parallel to the sunny plane of the panel, so that the facing flow area of the panel is minimized. The mechanism for driving the photovoltaic device to rotate can be a motor, an electric motor, a hydraulic motor and the like, and the rotating angle is obtained by the information of the included angle between the velocity vector of the air flow calculated in the step S102 and the sunward normal line of the panel under the current posture. As shown in fig. 2, the photovoltaic device may be mounted on a rotating base 208, and the driving mechanism drives the rotating base to rotate, thereby adjusting the angle of the photovoltaic device. The photovoltaic panel 202 is positioned on top of the photovoltaic device 200. In particular, the photovoltaic panel may be supportably mounted on the base 208 by the drive mechanisms 204-207. The driving mechanism comprises, but is not limited to, an air cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder, an electric cylinder, a telescopic rod and the like. And a hinge structure (not shown in the figure) such as a ball hinge mechanism is adopted between the driving mechanism and the photovoltaic panel and the base, so that the driving mechanism can rotate at multiple angles, and the range and the flexibility of posture adjustment are improved. In practical use, some auxiliary supporting mechanisms are also required to support the driving mechanism. As shown in FIG. 2, in one embodiment of the present application, a symmetrical adjustment is used, and a specific set of drive mechanisms 206 and 207, whose length changes can adjust the rotation of the panel along the Y-axis in the figure, and a specific set of drive mechanisms 204 and 205, whose length changes can adjust the rotation of the panel along the X-axis in the figure. The broken line in the figure indicates a portion of the driving mechanism that is blocked by the panel in the line of sight.
It should be noted that, instead of making the velocity vector of the air flow substantially perpendicular to the sun-facing normal of the panel, the photovoltaic device may be rotated, and only the load applied to the rotated photovoltaic device may be smaller than the preset threshold. The posture of the panel is adjusted again on the basis of the power generation efficiency to obtain the optimal power generation efficiency; the power generation efficiency may be superior to the manner in which the velocity vector of the air flow is adjusted to be substantially perpendicular to the normal to the sun facing panel. In actual use, a user can select a required adjustment mode according to actual needs. Accordingly, the adjustment in step S104 also needs to be properly adjusted.
Optionally, the driving mechanism for controlling the rotation of the photovoltaic device is a hydraulic motor, an inlet end and an outlet end of the hydraulic motor are respectively connected with an outlet end of the hydraulic lock, the inlet end of the hydraulic lock is respectively connected with a working port of the three-position four-way reversing valve, and the middle position function of the three-position four-way reversing valve is O-shaped.
As shown in fig. 3, one embodiment of the present application selects a hydraulic motor 302 as the drive mechanism for the photovoltaic device that rotates the base such that the panel is parallel to the direction of airflow, thereby changing the flow area of the photovoltaic panel. The inlet end and the outlet end of the hydraulic motor 302 are respectively connected with the outlet end of the hydraulic lock 304, the inlet end of the hydraulic lock 304 is respectively connected with the working port of a three-position four-way reversing valve 306 (the reversing valve is preferably a three-position four-way electromagnetic reversing valve), and the middle position function of the three-position four-way reversing valve 306 is O-shaped. In the adjustment process, a control unit (not shown) controls the motor to move so as to drive the pump 312 to pump hydraulic oil, and the three-position four-way reversing valve 306 is switched to the left position or the right position according to the control requirement, so as to pump the hydraulic oil to the hydraulic motor 302 and control the hydraulic motor 302 to rotate leftwards or rightwards. When adjusted to the target position, the control unit controls the motor to stop or controls the reversing valve 306 to switch to the neutral position. When the reversing valve 306 is controlled to switch to the neutral position, the hydraulic lock 304 is also in the locking position because the inlet of the hydraulic lock is pressureless, so that a double locking structure is constructed by utilizing the O-shaped neutral position function of the three-position four-way reversing valve and the locking function of the hydraulic lock 304, the photovoltaic panel can not continue to rotate due to air flow disturbance or leakage of the hydraulic system, and the stability of the system and the capability of coping with bad weather or meteorological conditions are improved. In addition, depending on the rotational speed requirements, a preferred embodiment of the present application optionally provides a flow control unit 308 at the inlet end of the three-position four-way reversing valve to regulate the flow in the conduit.
Preferably, after controlling the rotation of the photovoltaic device such that the velocity vector of the airflow is substantially perpendicular to the panel normal, the method further comprises:
the output current of the photovoltaic panel is monitored, and when the output current is basically zero, the photovoltaic device is controlled to rotate 180 degrees.
In order to improve redundancy of the system, to avoid rotation of the photovoltaic device to the shadow surface (i.e., the photovoltaic panel cannot receive sunlight irradiation) due to damage to measurement elements such as sensors, the state of the photovoltaic panel needs to be monitored so as to be always in a working state. One embodiment of the application controls the photovoltaic device to rotate 180 degrees when the output current of the photovoltaic panel is basically zero (such as the current is zero or the current tends to zero) by monitoring the output current of the photovoltaic panel, so that the photovoltaic panel is rotated from a backlight position to a light facing position.
Step S104, under the condition that the velocity vector of the air flow is kept to be basically vertical to the normal line of the panel, the posture of the photovoltaic panel is adjusted at multiple angles, and the output current values and corresponding posture values of the panel under different postures are recorded.
The photovoltaic equipment takes the highest power generation efficiency as a design target, so that the optimal power generation efficiency is obtained by adjusting the included angle between the photovoltaic panel and light under the conditions of reducing the load and guaranteeing the safety of the equipment. One embodiment of the present application selects to rotate the photovoltaic panel at multiple angles in a plane parallel to the airflow velocity vector to search for the panel pose corresponding to the maximum current. Under the condition that the velocity vector of the air flow is kept to be basically vertical to the normal line of the panel, the posture of the photovoltaic panel is adjusted at multiple angles, and the output current values and corresponding posture values of the panel under different postures are recorded.
Preferably, the multi-angle adjustment of the posture of the photovoltaic panel includes:
the photovoltaic panel is rotated along the sun-facing normal of the panel and/or in a plane parallel to the direction of the air flow.
In actual weather conditions, the air flow is flowing in a three-dimensional space, so that the photovoltaic panel can be turned along its sun-facing normal 203, i.e. in the direction of the line of sight, seen from the vertical direction facing the panel. Or the photovoltaic panel is rotated in a plane parallel to the direction of the air flow, i.e. after the photovoltaic panel is rotated in this way, the photovoltaic panel is always parallel to the direction of the speed of the air flow. Of course, in order to obtain a better power generation efficiency, the two adjustment modes may be used in combination.
Optionally, the rotating photovoltaic panel includes:
the photovoltaic panel is rotated along the normal to the sun of the panel by discrete preset ranges and/or rotated in a plane parallel to the direction of airflow by discrete preset ranges.
In order to be able to efficiently search for the panel posture with the highest power generation efficiency, one embodiment of the present application selects to set a discrete adjustment range according to the stroke of the panel posture adjustment mechanism, and adjust the panel posture within the discrete range. I.e. rotating the photovoltaic panel along the normal to the sun of the panel in discrete preset ranges and/or rotating the photovoltaic panel in a plane parallel to the direction of the air flow in discrete preset ranges. For example, a hydraulic cylinder is selected as the driving mechanism, and referring to fig. 2 and 3, hydraulic cylinders 301 and 313 are taken as examples, which correspond to driving mechanisms 206 and 207 in fig. 2, respectively, the posture is adjusted with respect to the length of the piston rod of only one hydraulic cylinder, and the posture adjustment speed and the adjustment range can be increased by simultaneously adjusting the extension or retraction length of the piston rods of the two hydraulic cylinders. In practice, the extension or retraction stroke of each hydraulic cylinder may be determined based on its current position and an equal number of discrete positions may be provided to adjust the piston rod positions of hydraulic cylinders 301 and 313, respectively. And monitoring and recording the generated current and the corresponding gesture of the panel in the adjusting process, and then obtaining the gesture corresponding to the maximum current in an interpolation mode. The illustrated interpolation algorithms include linear interpolation, spline interpolation, and the like. Similarly, the length of the other set of drive mechanisms can also be adjusted to search for the maximum current and corresponding attitude in its adjustment orientation. The discrete positions may be equally distributed or unequally distributed, such as by selecting discrete points as conic sections.
Optionally, before rotating the photovoltaic panel in the discrete preset ranges, the method further includes:
calculating the stroke corresponding to each driving mechanism when the stroke of each driving mechanism is equal in the process of adjusting the photovoltaic panel from the current posture to the next preset posture;
and calculating the fluid flow distributed to each driving mechanism according to the corresponding stroke, and controlling the valve opening of the flow control unit corresponding to each driving mechanism based on the fluid flow so as to control the photovoltaic panel to reach the next preset posture.
In order to accelerate the adjustment speed of the panel posture, in one embodiment of the application, the control unit calculates the stroke corresponding to each driving mechanism when the stroke of each driving mechanism is equal in the process of adjusting the photovoltaic panel from the current posture to the next preset posture. As shown in fig. 2 and 3, when the piston rod positions of the hydraulic cylinders 301 and 313 need to be adjusted, the extension or retraction length of each hydraulic cylinder 301 and 313 when the strokes of the hydraulic cylinders 301 and 313 are equal in the process of adjusting the panel from the current posture to the next preset posture. Because the cross-sectional areas of the rod cavity and the rodless cavity of the hydraulic cylinder are different, in order to synchronously control the displacement of the piston rod, it is necessary to calculate the fluid flow distributed to each hydraulic cylinder 301 and 313 according to the corresponding stroke, and control the valve opening of the flow control unit corresponding to each driving mechanism based on the fluid flow, so that the oil enters the rod cavity and the rodless cavity of the hydraulic cylinder in proportion, control of the real-time displacement of the piston rod to be equal is realized, and finally the photovoltaic panel is quickly controlled to reach the next preset gesture.
Optionally, the adjusting the posture of the photovoltaic panel to correspond to the maximum current value further includes:
in the process of calculating the posture of the photovoltaic panel from the current posture to the posture corresponding to the maximum current value, enabling the strokes of all the driving mechanisms to be equal;
and calculating the fluid flow distributed to each driving mechanism according to the corresponding stroke, and controlling the valve opening of the flow control unit corresponding to each driving mechanism based on the fluid flow so as to control the photovoltaic panel to reach the posture corresponding to the maximum current value.
Optionally, the driving mechanism is a hydraulic cylinder, and an inlet end and an outlet end of the hydraulic cylinder are respectively connected with an outlet end of the hydraulic lock; the inlet end of the hydraulic lock is respectively connected with the working ports of the three-position four-way reversing valve, the inlet end of the three-position four-way reversing valve is connected with the outlet end of the flow control unit, and the median function of the three-position four-way reversing valve is O-shaped.
As shown in fig. 3, the driving mechanisms are hydraulic cylinders 301 and 313 (referring to fig. 2, another group of driving mechanisms may also be hydraulic cylinders, and the hydraulic circuits of the driving mechanisms are arranged in the same manner as those of the hydraulic cylinders 301 and 313), and the inlet end and the outlet end of each hydraulic cylinder are respectively connected with the outlet ends of the hydraulic locks 303 and 311; the inlet end of the hydraulic lock is respectively connected with the working ports of the three-position four-way reversing valves 305 and 310, the inlet end of the three-position four-way reversing valve is connected with the outlet ends of the flow control units 307 and 309, and the median function of the three-position four-way reversing valve is O-shaped. The reversing valve is preferably an electromagnetic reversing valve. As described above, when the posture is adjusted in place, the control unit controls the motor to stop or controls the switching valves 305, 310 to switch to the neutral position. When the reversing valve is controlled to be switched to the middle position, the hydraulic locks 303 and 311 are also in the locking positions because the inlet of the hydraulic lock is pressureless, so that a double locking structure is constructed by utilizing the O-shaped middle position function of the three-position four-way reversing valve and the locking function of the hydraulic lock, the photovoltaic panel can not continue to rotate due to air flow disturbance or leakage of a hydraulic system, and the stability of the system and the capability of coping with bad weather or meteorological conditions are improved.
Step S105, screening out the maximum current value and the corresponding gesture according to the recorded information; and adjusting the photovoltaic panel to the posture corresponding to the maximum current value.
After the maximum current value and the corresponding gesture are obtained, the driving unit can be controlled to adjust the photovoltaic panel to the gesture, so that the photovoltaic panel obtains the maximum power generation efficiency. In actual use, the gesture of the panel can be adjusted at discrete preset positions, the generated current and the corresponding gesture of the panel are monitored and recorded in the adjustment process, and then the gesture corresponding to the maximum current is obtained in an interpolation mode. The interpolation algorithm includes linear interpolation, spline interpolation, and the like. And then adjusting the photovoltaic panel to the posture corresponding to the maximum current value obtained by interpolation calculation. By combining discrete preset positions and interpolation algorithm, the number of gestures adjusted for searching maximum current can be reduced, and the aim of quickly adjusting the panel to an optimal working state is fulfilled.
According to a second aspect of the embodiment of the present application, there is provided a photovoltaic panel posture adjustment device of a photovoltaic apparatus, which is used to implement the method provided in the first aspect of the embodiment of the present application.
The adjusting device includes:
the speed sensor is used for measuring the speed information of the current airflow;
the attitude sensor is used for measuring the attitude information of the photovoltaic panel of the current photovoltaic device;
the control unit is used for acquiring the speed information and the attitude information, calculating the load of the air flow on the panel when the speed of the air flow exceeds a preset threshold value, and calculating the included angle information between the speed vector of the air flow under the same coordinate system and the sunward normal of the panel under the current attitude when the load exceeds the preset threshold value; controlling the photovoltaic equipment to rotate according to the included angle information, so that the velocity vector of the air flow is basically vertical to the sun-facing normal of the panel;
under the condition that the velocity vector of the air flow is basically vertical to the normal line of the panel, the control unit adjusts the gesture of the photovoltaic panel at multiple angles, and records the output current values and corresponding gesture values of the panel under different gestures; and screening out the maximum current value and the corresponding gesture according to the recorded information; and adjusting the photovoltaic panel to the posture corresponding to the maximum current value.
Optionally, the adjusting device further includes:
the control unit calculates the stroke corresponding to each driving mechanism when the stroke of each driving mechanism is equal in the process of adjusting the photovoltaic panel from the current posture to the posture corresponding to the maximum current value; and calculating the fluid flow distributed to each driving mechanism according to the corresponding stroke, and controlling the valve opening of the flow control unit corresponding to each driving mechanism based on the fluid flow so as to control the photovoltaic panel to reach the posture corresponding to the maximum current value.
In actual use, the gesture of the panel can be adjusted at discrete preset positions, the generated current and the corresponding gesture of the panel are monitored and recorded in the adjustment process, and then the maximum current and the corresponding gesture thereof are obtained in an interpolation mode. The interpolation algorithm includes linear interpolation, spline interpolation, and the like. And then adjusting the photovoltaic panel to the posture corresponding to the maximum current value obtained by interpolation calculation. By combining discrete preset positions and interpolation algorithms, the number of gesture adjustment can be reduced, and the aim of quickly adjusting the panel to an optimal working state is fulfilled.
The above embodiments do not limit the scope of the present application. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations and alternatives can occur depending upon design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present application should be included in the scope of the present application.
Claims (8)
1. A method for adjusting the posture of a photovoltaic panel of a photovoltaic device is characterized in that,
comprising the following steps:
acquiring speed information of current air flow and attitude information of a photovoltaic panel of photovoltaic equipment;
calculating the load of the air flow to the panel when the speed of the air flow exceeds a preset threshold value, and calculating the information of the included angle between the speed vector of the air flow under the same coordinate system and the normal line of the panel facing the sun under the current posture when the load exceeds the preset threshold value;
controlling the photovoltaic equipment to rotate so that the velocity vector of the airflow is basically vertical to the sunny normal of the panel;
under the condition that the velocity vector of the air flow is basically vertical to the normal line of the panel, the posture of the photovoltaic panel is adjusted at multiple angles, and the output current values and corresponding posture values of the panel under different postures are recorded;
wherein controlling rotation of the photovoltaic device comprises:
rotating the photovoltaic panel along a normal to the sun of the panel in a discrete predetermined range and/or rotating the photovoltaic panel in a plane parallel to the direction of airflow in a discrete predetermined range;
the driving mechanism for controlling the rotation of the photovoltaic equipment is a hydraulic motor, the inlet end and the outlet end of the hydraulic motor are respectively connected with the outlet end of a hydraulic lock, the inlet end of the hydraulic lock is respectively connected with the working port of a three-position four-way reversing valve, and the median function of the three-position four-way reversing valve is O-shaped; when the position is adjusted to the target position, the three-position four-way reversing valve is controlled to be switched to the middle position;
screening out the maximum current value and the corresponding gesture according to the recorded information; and adjusting the photovoltaic panel to the posture corresponding to the maximum current value.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of determining the position of the substrate comprises,
after controlling the photovoltaic device to rotate so that the velocity vector of the airflow is basically vertical to the normal line of the panel, the photovoltaic device further comprises:
the output current of the photovoltaic panel is monitored, and when the output current is basically zero, the photovoltaic device is controlled to rotate 180 degrees.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of determining the position of the substrate comprises,
the posture of multi-angle adjustment photovoltaic panel includes:
the photovoltaic panel is rotated along the sun-facing normal of the panel and/or in a plane parallel to the direction of the air flow.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the step of,
before rotating the photovoltaic panel by the discrete preset range, the method further comprises:
calculating the stroke corresponding to each driving mechanism when the stroke of each driving mechanism is equal in the process of adjusting the photovoltaic panel from the current posture to the next preset posture;
and calculating the fluid flow distributed to each driving mechanism according to the corresponding stroke, and controlling the valve opening of the flow control unit corresponding to each driving mechanism based on the fluid flow so as to control the photovoltaic panel to reach the next preset posture.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the step of determining the position of the first electrode is performed,
the adjusting the attitude of the photovoltaic panel to correspond to the maximum current value further includes:
in the process of calculating the posture of the photovoltaic panel from the current posture to the posture corresponding to the maximum current value, enabling the strokes of all the driving mechanisms to be equal;
and calculating the fluid flow distributed to each driving mechanism according to the corresponding stroke, and controlling the valve opening of the flow control unit corresponding to each driving mechanism based on the fluid flow so as to control the photovoltaic panel to reach the posture corresponding to the maximum current value.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the step of determining the position of the probe is performed,
the driving mechanism for adjusting the photovoltaic panel from the current posture to the posture corresponding to the maximum current value is a hydraulic cylinder, and the inlet end and the outlet end of the hydraulic cylinder are respectively connected with the outlet end of the hydraulic lock; the inlet end of the hydraulic lock is respectively connected with the working ports of the three-position four-way reversing valve, the inlet end of the three-position four-way reversing valve is connected with the outlet end of the flow control unit, and the median function of the three-position four-way reversing valve is O-shaped.
7. A photovoltaic panel posture adjusting device of photovoltaic equipment is characterized in that,
said adjustment means being for implementing the method of any one of claims 1-6; the adjusting device includes:
the speed sensor is used for measuring the speed information of the current airflow;
the attitude sensor is used for measuring the attitude information of the photovoltaic panel of the current photovoltaic device;
the control unit is used for acquiring the speed information and the attitude information, calculating the load of the air flow on the panel when the speed of the air flow exceeds a preset threshold value, and calculating the included angle information between the speed vector of the air flow under the same coordinate system and the sunward normal of the panel under the current attitude when the load exceeds the preset threshold value; controlling the photovoltaic equipment to rotate according to the included angle information, so that the velocity vector of the air flow is basically vertical to the sun-facing normal of the panel;
under the condition that the velocity vector of the air flow is basically vertical to the normal line of the panel, the control unit adjusts the gesture of the photovoltaic panel at multiple angles, and records the output current values and corresponding gesture values of the panel under different gestures; and screening out the maximum current value and the corresponding gesture according to the recorded information; and adjusting the photovoltaic panel to the posture corresponding to the maximum current value.
8. The adjustment device of claim 7, wherein the adjustment device comprises a housing,
further comprises:
the control unit calculates the stroke corresponding to each driving mechanism when the stroke of each driving mechanism is equal in the process of adjusting the photovoltaic panel from the current posture to the posture corresponding to the maximum current value; and calculating the fluid flow distributed to each driving mechanism according to the corresponding stroke, and controlling the valve opening of the flow control unit corresponding to each driving mechanism based on the fluid flow so as to control the photovoltaic panel to reach the posture corresponding to the maximum current value.
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| JP2012007519A (en) * | 2010-06-23 | 2012-01-12 | Sony Corp | Control apparatus and method, and electric power generation device and method |
| JP2012054381A (en) * | 2010-09-01 | 2012-03-15 | Chiyoda Seisakusho:Kk | Solar power generation system |
| CN202443312U (en) * | 2012-02-13 | 2012-09-19 | 无锡泰克塞斯新能源科技有限公司 | Tracking photovoltaic power generation system capable of preventing disastrous weather |
| JP6070376B2 (en) * | 2013-04-03 | 2017-02-01 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | Control device for solar tracking solar power generation system and solar tracking solar power generation system |
| JPWO2014163180A1 (en) * | 2013-04-04 | 2017-02-16 | 株式会社エルム | Solar tracking solar power generation system |
| CN104808703A (en) * | 2014-05-14 | 2015-07-29 | 北京圣兆科技开发有限公司 | Intelligent solar tracking system |
| JP6917673B2 (en) * | 2015-09-11 | 2021-08-11 | Ntn株式会社 | Windmill rotation speed control method |
| CN207475474U (en) * | 2017-06-23 | 2018-06-08 | 广东机电职业技术学院 | A kind of photovoltaic intelligent management system |
| CN107885240A (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2018-04-06 | 湖州振硕自动化科技有限公司 | A kind of automatic seeking day device of photovoltaic panel |
| CN210195927U (en) * | 2018-05-22 | 2020-03-27 | 储晞 | Photovoltaic and wind power coupling power generation device |
| ES2960430T3 (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2024-03-04 | Soltec Innovations Sl | Protection system against an incident wind in a photovoltaic installation and method of protecting a photovoltaic installation against damage caused by an incident wind |
| CN110568868A (en) * | 2019-10-08 | 2019-12-13 | 东南大学 | intelligent double-shaft tracking solar photovoltaic charging device and double-shaft tracking method |
| CN111539550B (en) * | 2020-03-13 | 2023-08-01 | 远景智能国际私人投资有限公司 | Method, device, equipment and storage medium for determining working state of photovoltaic array |
| CN112099535A (en) * | 2020-09-12 | 2020-12-18 | 邱妙娜 | Desert photovoltaic cell set pose adjusting method based on computer vision |
| CN112631340A (en) * | 2020-12-14 | 2021-04-09 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Photovoltaic module light source tracking method and device |
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