CN117053640A - Multi-step ultra-deep hole ballast throwing vibration control self-stabilizing blasting method for hard rock in tunnel - Google Patents
Multi-step ultra-deep hole ballast throwing vibration control self-stabilizing blasting method for hard rock in tunnel Download PDFInfo
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- CN117053640A CN117053640A CN202311067879.7A CN202311067879A CN117053640A CN 117053640 A CN117053640 A CN 117053640A CN 202311067879 A CN202311067879 A CN 202311067879A CN 117053640 A CN117053640 A CN 117053640A
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- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000033764 rhythmic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/006—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries by making use of blasting methods
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
- F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D5/00—Safety arrangements
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
Abstract
The application discloses a multistage ultra-deep hole ballasting vibration control self-stabilizing blasting method for hard rock upper steps in a tunnel, belonging to the technical field of upper step blasting. The method comprises the following steps of: dividing the upper step into a slitting area, a first auxiliary area and a second auxiliary area; step two, detonator and detonation network arrangement: the detonators in the slitting area and the auxiliary area are arranged in an upward ladder shape and form a Penrose ladder, a slag groove is arranged in the center of the Penrose ladder, and the slag groove extends vertically downwards; step three, arranging the blast holes: the blast holes in the slitting zone comprise slitting holes, first auxiliary holes, bottom plate holes and first peripheral holes; the blastholes in the first auxiliary area and the second auxiliary area comprise a second auxiliary hole and a second peripheral hole; and step four, charging. The application is simple and easy to operate, and detonators in the slitting area and the auxiliary area are arranged in an upward ladder shape, so that the continuous enlarging of the blasting range and the continuous collection of blasting slag are realized, and further the blasting and the full collection of the blasting slag are realized.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of upper step blasting, and particularly relates to a multistage ultra-deep hole ballast throwing vibration control self-stabilizing blasting method for hard rock upper steps in a tunnel.
Background
The deep hole bench blasting is also called deep hole bench blasting, and is mainly implemented by adopting differential extrusion blasting technology in the construction of a blasting method in which a working surface is pushed forward in a bench form, so that the purposes of effectively controlling the rock mass breaking effect and blasting vibration are achieved. Meanwhile, with the development of drilling machines, the application range of deep hole step blasting is wider and wider, and the deep hole step blasting has become a main construction method in construction of mines, railways, highways, hydropower engineering, site leveling, ports and the like.
The deep hole step blasting is to arrange blastholes on steps or a site flattened in advance according to a blasting design scheme, implement drilling operation, then install extension explosive bags in deep holes, connect the blasters in a certain sequence by using a differential blasting technology, and control blasting modes of detonation between adjacent blastholes or rows according to a preset sequence and time intervals, wherein compression stress waves generated by the blastholes exploded in advance enable rocks in the free surface direction and between holes to be strongly deformed and moved, and the cavity pressure in the holes is reduced and acting force is weakened along with crack generation and explosion gas diffusion. At the moment, the adjacent explosive charges are detonated, the post-explosive charges are detonated when the stress of the adjacent pre-explosive charges is not completely disappeared, and the explosion stress waves of the two groups of deep holes are mutually overlapped, so that the work capacity of an explosion stress field is enhanced. After the first sound blast hole is detonated, when the broken rock blocks do not fall back to the ground surface, the adjacent second sound and third sound blasters are detonated, the rock blocks meet in the air and collide with each other, and the effect of supplementing the breaking is generated.
The technical method can improve the mechanical operation degree, has high safety and reliability, can effectively control the collapse direction of the detonation heap, the range detonation heap height and the crushing rate, improves the stone excavation efficiency, and reduces the construction cost. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a multi-step ultra-deep hole ballast throwing vibration control self-stabilizing blasting method for hard rock in a tunnel so as to realize sufficient blasting and blasting slag collection.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims at providing a multistage ultra-deep hole ballast throwing vibration control self-stabilizing blasting method for hard rock in a tunnel, which is characterized in that detonators in a slitting area and an auxiliary area are arranged in an upward stepped manner, so that the continuous enlarging of a blasting range and continuous collection of blasting residues are realized, and further, the blasting and the full collection of the blasting residues are realized.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme of the present application is as follows: a multi-step ultra-deep hole ballast throwing vibration control self-stabilizing blasting method for hard rock in a tunnel, which comprises the following steps,
step one, upper step partition: partitioning the upper step into a slitting area, a first auxiliary area and a second auxiliary area, and arranging blastholes in the slitting area, the first auxiliary area and the second auxiliary area respectively;
step two, detonator and detonation network arrangement: the detonators in the slitting area and the auxiliary area are arranged in an upward ladder shape and form a Penrose ladder, a slag groove is arranged in the center of the Penrose ladder, and the slag groove extends vertically downwards;
step three, arranging the blast holes:
the blast holes in the slitting zone comprise slitting holes, first auxiliary holes, bottom plate holes and first peripheral holes;
the blastholes in the first auxiliary area and the second auxiliary area comprise a second auxiliary hole and a second peripheral hole;
and step four, charging in the blast hole.
Further, in the first step, the blasting step of each zone is to blast the slitting zone, and advance the chi 1.5m, then blast the first auxiliary zone, and advance the chi 0.75m, blast slag and drop into the slag bath along with gravity at this moment, and erect the bridge guniting, finally blast the second auxiliary zone, advance the chi 0.75m, with this circulation.
In the second step, an inclined guide plate is arranged at the port of the Penrose ladder, and one end of the guide plate, which is close to the slag groove, is lower than the other end of the guide plate.
Further, in the third step, the slitting eyes in the slitting area comprise first-stage slitting eyes and second-stage slitting eyes, the number of the first-stage slitting eyes and the second-stage slitting eyes is 4, and the single-hole loading quantity is 0.5kg.
In the third step, the number of the first auxiliary eyes, the bottom plate eyes and the first peripheral eyes in the slitting area is 6, 6 and 10 respectively, and the single-hole loading amounts of the first auxiliary eyes, the bottom plate eyes and the first peripheral eyes are 0.5kg, 0.5kg and 0.3kg respectively.
In the third step, the number of the second auxiliary eyes and the number of the second peripheral eyes in the first auxiliary area and the second auxiliary area are respectively 8 and 11, and the single-hole charge quantity of the second auxiliary eyes and the second peripheral eyes is 0.3kg.
In the third step, the depths of the blastholes in the slitting area are 2.5m, and the depths of the blastholes in the first auxiliary area and the second auxiliary area are 0.8m.
In the fourth step, the total loading of the slitting zone is controlled to be 15kg, and the total loading of the first auxiliary zone and the second auxiliary zone is controlled to be 5.7kg.
The basic scheme has the following principle and beneficial effects: 1. when the blasting of the upper step is carried out, firstly, the detonator and the detonation network are correspondingly installed according to the corresponding subareas, then, hole digging is correspondingly carried out in the slitting area, the first auxiliary area and the second auxiliary area by adopting a hole digger, after hole digging is finished, the corresponding explosive is placed in each blasthole, after the preparation work is finished, the detonation is carried out according to the detonation sequence, wherein the slitting area is blasted firstly, the corresponding footage is carried out after the blasting of the slitting area, then the first auxiliary area is blasted, after the blasting of the first auxiliary area, the blasted slag is discharged and falls into the slag groove along with gravity, thereby realizing the collection of blasted slag, simultaneously, erecting an arch bridge, increasing the supporting force, reducing the possibility of collapse, further reducing the occurrence of unexpected situations, and finally, the second auxiliary area is blasted, correspondingly carrying out footage after the blasting, and finally realizing the corresponding blasting according to the sequence.
2. When blasting is carried out, because detonators in the slitting area and the auxiliary area are arranged in an upward stepped mode, blasted detonators and blastholes gradually extend upwards, but blasted slag falls into a slag groove in the center due to gravity, so that the continuous expansion of the blasting range is realized, but blasted slag is collected into the slag groove more fully, and therefore, full blasting and slag collection are realized.
3. Hard rock is one of the difficulties frequently encountered in tunnel construction, and a large amount of construction time and labor cost can be saved by adopting the self-stabilizing blasting method. Through reasonable blasting design and control, the rapid rock breaking and removal can be realized, and the construction progress is improved; meanwhile, reasonable drilling design, explosive selection and control means and strict monitoring and management measures are required for blasting operation, so that the construction safety can be ensured. Thereby reducing the risk of damage to the surrounding environment and structures by reducing the impact of vibration and shock; and by controlling the blasting process, the rock can form a proper arch structure, and the stability of the tunnel and the subsequent construction conditions are improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method for performing a multistage ultra-deep hole ballasting vibration control self-stabilization blasting on a hard rock in a tunnel according to an embodiment of the application.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of each area in a method for performing multistage ultra-deep hole ballasting, vibration control and self-stabilization blasting on a hard rock in a tunnel according to an embodiment of the application.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of steps in a method for performing multistage ultra-deep hole ballasting, vibration control and self-stabilization blasting on a hard rock in a tunnel according to an embodiment of the application.
Detailed Description
The following is a further detailed description of the embodiments:
example 1
Substantially as shown in figures 1 to 3 of the accompanying drawings: a multi-step ultra-deep hole ballast throwing vibration control self-stabilizing blasting method for hard rock in a tunnel, which comprises the following steps,
step one, upper step partition: partitioning the upper step into a slitting area, a first auxiliary area and a second auxiliary area, and arranging blastholes in the slitting area, the first auxiliary area and the second auxiliary area respectively;
the blasting steps of each zone are that firstly, a cut zone is blasted, a ruler is put into 1.5m, then a first auxiliary zone is blasted, a ruler is put into 0.75m, at the moment, blasted slag is discharged and falls into a slag groove along with gravity, a vertical arch bridge is used for spraying slurry, and finally, a second auxiliary zone is blasted, and a ruler is put into 0.75m, so that circulation is achieved. By controlling the blasting process, the rock can form a proper arch structure, and the stability of the tunnel and the subsequent construction conditions are improved.
Step two, detonator and detonation network arrangement: the detonators in the slitting area and the auxiliary area are arranged in an upward ladder shape and form a Penrose ladder, a slag groove is arranged in the center of the Penrose ladder, and the slag groove extends vertically downwards; the port of the Penrose ladder is provided with an inclined guide plate, one end of the guide plate, which is close to the slag groove, is lower than the other end of the guide plate, and under the guidance of the guide plate, the slag can fall into the slag groove more easily, so that the problem that too much slag is not collected to influence the subsequent blasting effect is reduced.
Step three, arranging the blast holes:
the blast holes in the slitting zone comprise slitting holes, first auxiliary holes, bottom plate holes and first peripheral holes; wherein the slitting eyes in the slitting zone comprise a primary slitting eye and a secondary slitting eye, the number of the primary slitting eye and the secondary slitting eye is 4, and the single-hole drug loading amount is 0.5kg; the number of the blast holes of the first auxiliary holes, the bottom plate holes and the first peripheral holes in the slitting area is 6, 6 and 10 respectively, and the single hole loading amounts of the first auxiliary holes, the bottom plate holes and the first peripheral holes are 0.5kg, 0.5kg and 0.3kg respectively;
the blastholes in the first auxiliary area and the second auxiliary area comprise a second auxiliary hole and a second peripheral hole; the number of the second auxiliary eyes and the number of the second peripheral eyes in the first auxiliary area and the second auxiliary area are respectively 8 and 11, and the single-hole loading quantity of the second auxiliary eyes and the second peripheral eyes is 0.3kg;
meanwhile, the depth of the blastholes in the slitting area is 2.5m, and the depths of the blastholes in the first auxiliary area and the second auxiliary area are 0.8m.
Wherein the impact effect of the explosive is maximized by properly selecting the blasthole location. By selecting a proper position, the explosive can generate sufficient explosion shock waves in the rock, so that the hard rock is effectively crushed, and the expected blasting effect is achieved; and by selecting the blasthole position, the blasting direction and range can be controlled. The explosion shock wave can be transmitted along the designed direction, so that the breaking and the removal of rocks are facilitated, and unnecessary damage is avoided; meanwhile, the construction efficiency can be effectively improved by accurately selecting the position of the blast hole. Through the reasonable arrangement of blastholes, constructors can better control the rhythm and effect of blasting, unnecessary drilling and blasting operations are reduced, and therefore time and cost are saved.
And step four, charging in the blasthole, wherein the total charging amount of the slitting area is controlled to be 15kg, and the total charging amount of the first auxiliary area and the second auxiliary area is controlled to be 5.7kg.
The specific implementation process is as follows: as shown in table 1;
table 1 upper step blasting parameters
It is noted that relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
The foregoing is merely an embodiment of the present application, and a specific structure and characteristics of common knowledge in the art, which are well known in the scheme, are not described herein, so that a person of ordinary skill in the art knows all the prior art in the application date or before the priority date, can know all the prior art in the field, and has the capability of applying the conventional experimental means before the date, and a person of ordinary skill in the art can complete and implement the present embodiment in combination with his own capability in the light of the present application, and some typical known structures or known methods should not be an obstacle for a person of ordinary skill in the art to implement the present application. It should be noted that modifications and improvements can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the structure of the present application, and these should also be considered as the scope of the present application, which does not affect the effect of the implementation of the present application and the utility of the patent. The protection scope of the present application is subject to the content of the claims, and the description of the specific embodiments and the like in the specification can be used for explaining the content of the claims.
Claims (8)
1. A self-stabilizing blasting method for controlling vibration of multi-step ultra-deep hole ballast throwing of hard rock in a tunnel is characterized in that: comprises the steps of,
step one, upper step partition: partitioning the upper step into a slitting area, a first auxiliary area and a second auxiliary area, and arranging blastholes in the slitting area, the first auxiliary area and the second auxiliary area respectively;
step two, detonator and detonation network arrangement: the detonators in the slitting area and the auxiliary area are arranged in an upward ladder shape and form a Penrose ladder, a slag groove is arranged in the center of the Penrose ladder, and the slag groove extends vertically downwards;
step three, arranging the blast holes:
the blast holes in the slitting zone comprise slitting holes, first auxiliary holes, bottom plate holes and first peripheral holes;
the blastholes in the first auxiliary area and the second auxiliary area comprise a second auxiliary hole and a second peripheral hole;
and step four, charging in the blast hole.
2. The method for self-stabilizing blasting of the ballast throwing control vibration of the multi-step ultra-deep hole of the upper step of the hard rock in the tunnel according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the first step, the blasting step of each zone is to blast the slitting zone, and advance the chi 1.5m, then blast the first auxiliary zone, and advance the chi 0.75m, blast slag and drop into the slag bath along with gravity at this moment, and erect the bridge guniting, finally blast the second auxiliary zone, advance the chi 0.75m, with this circulation.
3. The method for self-stabilizing blasting of the ballast throwing control vibration of the multi-step ultra-deep hole of the upper step of the hard rock in the tunnel according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: in the second step, an inclined guide plate is arranged at the port of the Penrose ladder, and one end of the guide plate, which is close to the slag groove, is lower than the other end of the guide plate.
4. The method for performing ballasting control vibration self-stabilization blasting on the step multi-step ultra-deep hole in the hard rock in the tunnel according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: in the third step, the slitting eyes in the slitting area comprise first-stage slitting eyes and second-stage slitting eyes, the number of the first-stage slitting eyes and the second-stage slitting eyes is 4, and the single-hole loading quantity is 0.5kg.
5. The method for performing ballasting control vibration self-stabilization blasting on the step multi-step ultra-deep hole in the hard rock in the tunnel according to claim 4, which is characterized in that: in the third step, the number of the first auxiliary eyes, the bottom plate eyes and the first peripheral eyes in the slitting area is 6, 6 and 10 respectively, and the single-hole drug loading amounts of the first auxiliary eyes, the bottom plate eyes and the first peripheral eyes are 0.5kg, 0.5kg and 0.3kg respectively.
6. The method for performing ballasting control vibration self-stabilization blasting on the step multi-step ultra-deep hole in the tunnel according to claim 5, wherein the method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: in the third step, the number of the second auxiliary eyes and the number of the second peripheral eyes in the first auxiliary area and the second auxiliary area are respectively 8 and 11, and the single-hole charge quantity of the second auxiliary eyes and the second peripheral eyes is 0.3kg.
7. The method for performing ballasting control vibration self-stabilization blasting on the step multi-step ultra-deep hole in the tunnel according to claim 6, wherein the method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: in the third step, the depths of the blastholes in the slitting area are 2.5m, and the depths of the blastholes in the first auxiliary area and the second auxiliary area are 0.8m.
8. The method for self-stabilizing blasting of the ballast throwing control vibration of the multi-step ultra-deep hole on the hard rock in the tunnel according to claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the fourth step, the total loading of the slitting area is controlled to be 15kg, and the total loading of the first auxiliary area and the second auxiliary area is controlled to be 5.7kg.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311067879.7A CN117053640A (en) | 2023-08-23 | 2023-08-23 | Multi-step ultra-deep hole ballast throwing vibration control self-stabilizing blasting method for hard rock in tunnel |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311067879.7A CN117053640A (en) | 2023-08-23 | 2023-08-23 | Multi-step ultra-deep hole ballast throwing vibration control self-stabilizing blasting method for hard rock in tunnel |
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| CN117053640A true CN117053640A (en) | 2023-11-14 |
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| CN202311067879.7A Pending CN117053640A (en) | 2023-08-23 | 2023-08-23 | Multi-step ultra-deep hole ballast throwing vibration control self-stabilizing blasting method for hard rock in tunnel |
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- 2023-08-23 CN CN202311067879.7A patent/CN117053640A/en active Pending
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