CN117049967A - 2,6-二硝基-3,4-二甲基苯酚衍生物的制备方法及活性应用 - Google Patents

2,6-二硝基-3,4-二甲基苯酚衍生物的制备方法及活性应用 Download PDF

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CN117049967A
CN117049967A CN202310835432.3A CN202310835432A CN117049967A CN 117049967 A CN117049967 A CN 117049967A CN 202310835432 A CN202310835432 A CN 202310835432A CN 117049967 A CN117049967 A CN 117049967A
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dimethylphenol
dinitro
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王周玉
宋巧
魏亚玲
王建辉
陈久均
向勇
黄清武
李诗琪
李昊洋
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Sichuan North Hongguang Special Chemical Co ltd
Xihua University
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Xihua University
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Abstract

本发明公开了2,6‑二硝基‑3,4‑二甲基苯酚衍生物的制备方法及活性应用,其中2,6‑二硝基‑3,4‑二甲基苯酚衍生物包括了五种化合物,该类衍生物与R‑X在碳酸盐和有机溶剂,温度为50℃~100℃的情况下进行反应而得到。2,6‑二硝基‑3,4‑二甲基苯酚衍生物具有很好的抑制植物生长和抑制AHAS酶活性的作用,可用作除草剂。

Description

2,6-二硝基-3,4-二甲基苯酚衍生物的制备方法及活性应用
技术领域
本发明涉及化工技术领域,尤其涉及2,6-二硝基-3,4-二甲基苯酚衍生物的制备方法及活性应用。
背景技术
二硝基苯胺类除草剂在化学除草中占有重要地位,此类除草剂为播前土壤处理剂施用时与土壤拌匀,埋于土层,被杂草的胚芽鞘吸收,破坏杂草的偶联反应,抑制ATP形成,干扰植物分生组织细胞分裂而使杂草死亡。二硝基苯胺类除草剂主要品种为氟乐灵、二甲戊乐灵和双丁乐灵等,至今已有十几个品种,2,6-二硝基苯胺的结构通式如下:
二甲戊灵作为世界上销量最大的选择性除草剂,其合成方法已经受到了广泛的研究与注意,根据所采用的起始原料来划分,二甲戊乐灵的合成主要有三条路线:(1)3,4-二甲基硝基苯路线;(2)3,4-二甲基卤苯路线;(3)3,4-二甲基苯酚(醚)路线。二甲戊灵结构式的结构式如下:
其中,第一种合成路线会产生N-亚硝胺副产物,第二种合成路线原料来源复杂,而3,4-二甲基苯酚为起始原料的胺化法工艺是一种无N-亚硝胺产生的新合成方法。该路线反应主要以3,4-二甲基苯酚为原料,经硝化、甲基化、胺化反应,得到目标产物N-(1-乙基-丙基)-2,6-二硝基-3,4-二甲基苯胺(反应路线如下式所示)。
早期,该路线中中间体2,6-二硝基-3,4-二甲基苯酚的合成比较困难,因为酚类在硝化时极易被氧化,形成粘稠油状物,难以分离,反应硝化选择性不高,使得其反应收率不高。1981年,Lawrence J等采用60%浓硝酸直接硝化3,4-二甲基苯酚,获得的二硝化产物收率不足60%;1997年,Sarel等通过对上述方法进行改进,使二硝化收率提高到75%;1998年,萨比拉等提出采用ZnCl2做催化剂,无机酸做辅助催化剂,在有机溶剂中可使二硝化收率达到90%;2003年,张之行等人报道用二氯乙烷作溶剂,用盐酸稀释硝酸后硝化3,4-二甲基苯酚,二硝化收率达到90%。
美国专利5475148已经提出利用中间体2,6-二硝基-3,4-二甲基苯酚经过连续步骤:在两相介质中使用硝酸将3,4-二烷基苯酚二硝化,将获得的2,6-二硝基-3,4-二烷基苯酚进行烷基化,在相转移催化剂存在下,将形成的3,4-二烷基-2,6-二硝基烷氧基苯与不同胺反应,制备二甲戊灵和其他N-烷基-3,4-二烷基取代的二硝基苯胺化合物。法国专利EP870756也提出对3,4-二甲基苯酚进行二硝基化,然后利用二硝基衍生物的O-烷基化,以及3,4-二烷基-2,6-二硝基-烷氧基苯的胺化,胺化试剂包括N-甲基-2-环丙胺、N-2-甲基-2-乙基丙胺、N-甲基-2-环丙胺等,这样一个方法来制备更多的N-烷基-3,4-二甲基取代的二硝基苯胺化合物,而且所得到的化合物基本对植物细胞分裂有抑制作用。
综上所述,从中间体2,6-二硝基-3,4-二甲基苯酚出发,用不同的烷基化试剂,包括烷基卤化物、多卤代烷基、卤代醇等进行O-烷基化,然后用其他不同伯胺或仲胺对前一步制备的3,4-二甲基-2,6-二硝基烷氧基苯进行胺化,可以得到更多3,4-二甲基-2,6-二硝基苯胺衍生物,而这些化合物在结构上与已知除草剂二甲戊灵相似,有希望成为新的二硝基苯胺类除草剂。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供2,6-二硝基-3,4-二甲基苯酚衍生物的制备及活性应用,此类衍生物对植物的生长有较好的抑制作用,可以用作除草剂。
为实现本发明的目的,本发明拟提供2,6-二硝基-3,4-二甲基苯酚衍生物的制备方法,反应路线如下:
所述R-X选自
所述有机溶剂选自MeCN、DMF;
所述碳酸盐选自碳酸铯、碳酸钾、碳酸镁、碳酸钙。
本发明中,3,4-二甲基-2,6-二硝基苯酚与碳酸盐的摩尔比为(1~5):(2~10);优选(1.4~3):(3.4~8.9)。
本发明中,3,4-二甲基-2,6-二硝基苯酚与R-X的摩尔比为(1~3):(2~5),优选为(1.4~3):(2.8~3.6)。
在一些实施方案中,所述R-X为任意一种;其反应路线如下:
其中,3,4-二甲基-2,6-二硝基苯酚与R-X摩尔比为(1~3):(2~4),优选为3:3.6。
其中,3,4-二甲基-2,6-二硝基苯酚与CsCO3的摩尔比为(1.4~3):(3.4~8.9),优选为3:8.9。
进一步地,所述2,6-二硝基-3,4-二甲基苯酚衍生物为 任意一种。
在一些实施方案中,所述R-X为其反应路线如下:
其中,其中,3,4-二甲基-2,6-二硝基苯酚与R-X摩尔比为(1~3):(2~4),优选为1.4:2.8。
其中,3,4-二甲基-2,6-二硝基苯酚与CsCO3的摩尔比为(1.4~3):(3.4~8.9),优选为1.4:3.4。
在一些实施方案中,所述R-X为更进一步地,其反应路线如下:
其中,其中,3,4-二甲基-2,6-二硝基苯酚与R-X摩尔比为(1~3):(2~4),优选为3.0:3.3。
其中,3,4-二甲基-2,6-二硝基苯酚与CsCO3的摩尔比为(1.4~3):(3.4~8.9),优选为3.0:6。
本发明中,2-(2-羟基乙氧基)乙基-4-甲基苯磺酸盐的合成方法如下:
其总路线如下:
本发明还提供了2,6-二硝基-3,4-二甲基苯酚衍生物在制备杀菌剂和/或除草剂产品中的应用。
其中,所述产品为AHAS酶抑制剂。
AHAS酶(乙酰羟酸合成酶),是由细胞核编码的叶绿体酶;它完成两种平行反应,第一,乙酰羟酸合成酶浓缩二分子的丙酮酸合成产生乙酰乳酸,称之为乙酰乳酸合成酶,在反应体系中最终可合成缬氨酸和亮氨酸;第二,乙酰羟酸合成酶催化一分子丙酮酸和一分子2-丁酮酸,产生乙酰羟丁酸,乙酰羟丁酸的最终产物为异亮氨酸,缬氨酸和亮氨酸为支链氨基酸。AHAS酶存在于植物所有部位,但它的活性在不同的植物的不同器官不同的发育阶段是不同的,一般植物分生组织的活性最高,而黄化部分活性降低。
其中,所述产品为抑制植物生长的产品。
其中,所述产品为抑制植物根部生长的产品。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明以2,6-二硝基-3,4-二甲基苯酚为原料合成2,6-二硝基-3,4-二甲基苯酚衍生物,其方法简单易操作,且产物收率高;本发明中合成的衍生物2,6-二硝基-3,4-二甲基苯酚衍生物对植物的生长有很好的抑制作用,可用作除草剂,同时对AHAS酶活性有抑制作用。
2,6-二硝基-3,4-二甲基苯酚是硝基邻二甲苯生产过程中的主要副产物,产率约2%,在年产万吨的硝基邻二甲苯生产线中年产量约200吨。在硝基邻二甲苯的生产中,该化合物在现阶段被作为废药进行处理。但其无害化处置过程复杂,处置成本高。同时,该废药在一定条件下具有燃爆性,在生产运输、贮存、处置过程中存在较大的安全隐患。将其作为原料制备得到具有一定生物活性的产品,不但提高了安全性,同时,还能废物利用,进一步降低了废物处理成本,带来了一定的收益。
附图说明
图1为化合物1的核磁H谱图;
图2为化合物1的核磁C谱图;
图3为化合物2的核磁H谱图;
图4为化合物2的核磁C谱图;
图5为化合物3的核磁H谱图;
图6为化合物3的核磁C谱图;
图7为化合物4的核磁H谱图;
图8为化合物4的核磁C谱图;
图9为化合物5的核磁H谱图;
图10为化合物5的核磁C谱图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合实施例和试验例1,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。另外,如果没有明确说明,在下面的实施例中所采用的所有试剂均为市场上可以购得的,或者可以按照本文或已知的方法合成的,对于没有列出的反应条件,也均为本领域技术人员容易获得的。实施例1 1-(2-(3,4-二甲基-2,6-二硝基苯氧基)乙基)吡咯烷的合成
将3,4-二甲基-2,6-二硝基苯酚(630mg,3.0mmol)和碳酸铯(2.9g,8.9mmol)溶于乙腈(20ml)中,室温下搅拌30min后,向混合物中加入N-(2-氯乙基)吡咯烷盐酸盐(606.2mg,3.6mmol),反应液置于80℃油浴锅中回流8h。反应完全后将反应液减压蒸馏后,用二氯甲烷萃取,有机层水用饱和食盐水洗涤(1*5mL),然后用无水硫酸钠干燥后减压蒸馏除去溶剂。得到1-(2-(3,4-二甲基-2,6-二硝基苯氧基)乙基)吡咯烷251.7mg。其核磁数据如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δ(ppm)8.11(s,1H),4.10(t,J=5.7Hz,2H),2.73(t,J=5.7Hz,2H),2.44(t,J=5.9Hz,4H),2.36(s,3H),2.21(s,3H),1.67–1.63(m,4H)。
13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6)δ147.67,142.49,140.63,135.99,135.82,127.71,75.92,54.99,54.02,23.60,19.36,15.04。
实施例2 1-(2-(3,4-二甲基-2,6-二硝基苯氧基)乙基)哌啶的合成
将3,4-二甲基-2,6-二硝基苯酚(630mg,3.0mmol)溶于乙腈(20ml),加入碳酸铯(2.9mg,8.9mmol),室温下搅拌30min后,向混合物中加入1-(2-氯乙基)哌啶盐酸盐(656.2mg,3.6mmol),并置于80℃油浴锅中回流8h。反应完全后减压浓缩。然后用DCM(15ml)和水(10ml)萃取。有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥后,用PE:EA:DCM=7:1:1的混合体系作洗脱剂进行柱层析得到1-(2-(3,4-二甲基-2,6-二硝基苯氧基)乙基)哌啶380mg。其核磁数据如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δ(ppm)8.09(s,1H),4.09(t,J=5.6Hz,2H),2.57(t,J=5.6Hz,2H),2.35(s,3H),2.33(t,J=5.1Hz,4H),2.20(s,3H),1.44–1.39(m,4H),1.35–1.28(m,2H)。
13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6)δ147.67,142.54,140.53,135.94,135.57,127.68,74.27,57.97,54.42,25.75,24.16,19.33,15.01。
实施例3 4-(2-(3,4-二甲基-2,6-二硝基苯氧基)乙基)吗啉的合成
将3,4-二甲基-2,6-二硝基苯酚(630mg,3.0mmol)溶于乙腈(20ml),加入碳酸铯(2.9g,8.9mmol),室温下搅拌30min后,向混合物中加入4-(2-氯乙基)吗啉盐酸盐(669.9mg,3.6mmol),反应置于80℃油浴锅中回流8h。反应完全后将反应液减压蒸馏,然后用DCM(15ml)和水(10ml)萃取。有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥后,用PE:EA:DCM=8:1:1的混合体系作洗脱剂进行柱层析即可得4-(2-(3,4-二甲基-2,6-二硝基苯氧基)乙基)吗啉450mg。其核磁数据如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δ(ppm)8.11(s,1H),4.11(t,J=5.4Hz,2H),3.50(t,J=4.6Hz,4H),2.59(t,J=5.5Hz,2H),2.36(s,3H),2.34(t,J=4.6Hz,4H),2.21(s,3H)。
13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6)δ147.67,142.52,140.57,135.99,135.67,127.70,74.20,66.51,57.76,53.71,19.82,15.02。
实施例4 2-(2-(3,4-二甲基-2,6-二硝基苯氧基)乙氧基)乙烷-1-醇的合成
向3,4-二甲基-2,6-二硝基苯酚(300mg,1.4mmol)和乙腈(10ml)的混合物中加入B(737.0mg,2.8mmol),K2CO3(468.9mg,3.4mmol),反应置于80℃油浴锅中回流8h。反应完全后,用PE:EA=3:1的混合体系作洗脱剂进行柱层析得到2-(2-(3,4-二甲基-2,6-二硝基苯氧基)乙氧基)乙烷-1-醇263.1mg。其核磁数据如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δ(ppm)8.10(s,1H),4.56(t,J=5.4Hz,1H),4.16–4.12(m,2H),3.63(t,J=4.6Hz,2H),3.47(q,J=5.3Hz,2H),3.39(t,J=5.0Hz,2H),2.36(s,3H),2.21(s,3H)。
13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6)δ147.58,142.49,140.55,136.00,135.76,127.70,76.50,72.68,69.59,60.50,19.35,15.03。
实施例5 2-(十二烷氧基)-4,5-二甲基-1,3-二硝基苯的合成
将3,4-二甲基-2,6-二硝基苯酚(636.6mg,3.0mmol)溶于(20ml)DMF,加入碳酸铯(2.0mg,6mmol),室温下搅拌30min后,向反应液中加入一溴十二烷(822.5mg,3.3mmol),然后将反应置于100℃油浴锅中回流8h左右。反应完全后用乙酸乙酯和水萃取。有机相用饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥后。用纯PE作洗脱剂进行柱层析得到2-(十二烷氧基)-4,5-二甲基-1,3-二硝基苯。其核磁数据如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δ(ppm)8.10(s,1H),3.99(t,J=6.4Hz,2H),2.36(s,3H),2.20(s,3H),1.62(p,J=6.5Hz,2H),1.24(s,18H),0.88–0.82(m,3H)。
13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6)δ147.69,142.41,140.63,135.92,135.75,127.68,77.71,31.77,29.65,29.47,29.38,29.33,29.17,28.97,25.34,22.56,19.33,14.97,14.39。试验例1 2,6-二硝基-3,4-二甲基苯酚衍生物对AHAS酶活性的抑制作用1 试验方法
1.1 样本制备
取0.3g烟草叶片,加入1mL提取液,进行冰浴匀浆,4℃×12000rpm离心15min,取上清液待使用。
1.2样品配置
称取药品将其配置成10mmol/L和1mmol/L的DMSO溶液,再分别取5μL加入到500μL烟草蛋白提取液中(即检测浓度分别为:100μM和10μM),混匀待测。
1.3上机检测
先将酶标仪预热30min,调节波长为525nm。将试剂盒中的所有试剂在25℃预热10min,设置样本管和对照管。在1mL离心管中依次加入试剂一(样本管20μL,对照管0),试剂二(样本管100μL,对照管120μL),样品溶液(样本管80μL,对照管80μL),在35℃暗反应1h。再加入试剂三(样本管20μL,对照管20μL),在60℃条件下水浴脱羧15min,加入试剂四(样本管100μL,对照管100μL),试剂五(样本管100μL,对照管100μL),继续60℃条件下水浴显色15min。最后于12000rpm离心5min,分别取200μL澄清液体至96孔板中,于525nm处读值,得到ΔA,ΔA=A样品管-A对照管,每组设置两个平行。
1.4抑制率计算
公式:酶活抑制率=1-(ΔA样品/ΔA空白对照)。
2结果分析
结果如表1所示:化合物1在100μM时的抑制率为79.9%,其他化合物2、3、4、5在100μM时对AHAS活性基本没有抑制效果。
表1 2,6-二硝基-3,4-二甲基苯酚衍生物在100uM浓度下对AHAS酶的抑制活性
注:抑制率分级如下:
A:75%<抑制率≤100%;B:50%<抑制率≤75%;C:25%<抑制率≤50%;D:0%≤抑制率≤25%。
试验例2 2,6-二硝基-3,4-二甲基苯酚衍生物对小球藻生长的抑制作用1 实验方法
1.1 药液配置
称取药品5mg,加入100μL DMSO溶液,再加入2滴吐温80,混匀,加入无菌水定容至5mL。
1.2藻的生长
量取药液4mL,加入14mL OD值在0.4的小球藻液,再加入2mL50%蔗糖溶液,加入25mL锥形瓶中,在27℃摇床中震荡培养(最终浓度为0.2mg/mL)。
1.3上机检测
在0、24、48、72h时取200μL藻液,用酶标仪在670nm处测量特征吸收峰值,每组3个平行,设置空白对照组。
1.4抑制率计算
公式:酶活抑制率=1-(Δ样品/Δ空白对照)。
2结果分析
为了进一步验证2,6-二硝基-3,4-二甲基苯酚衍生物对植物生长的抑制效果,我们选取小球藻来进行了生长抑制实验,结果如表2所示:2,6-二硝基-3,4-二甲基苯酚衍生物对小球藻普遍具有抑制效果,抑制率最高的化合物为1和2(100%),其他3个化合物3、4、5抑制效果率都比较差,抑制率分别为34%、27%、22%。化合物1不仅对小球藻的抑制率达到了100%,并且对AHAS酶活性也有较好的抑制率。
表2 2,6-二硝基-3,4-二甲基苯酚衍生物对小球藻生长的抑制率
注:抑制率分级如下:
A:75%<抑制率≤100%;B:50%<抑制率≤75%;C:25%<抑制率≤50%;D:0%≤抑制率≤25%。

Claims (10)

1.2,6-二硝基-3,4-二甲基苯酚衍生物的制备方法,其特征在于,反应路线如下:
所述R-X选自
所述有机溶剂选自MeCN和DMF;
所述碳酸盐选自碳酸铯、碳酸钾、碳酸镁、碳酸钙。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述R-X为 任意一种;进一步地,其反应路线如下:
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述2,6-二硝基-3,4-二甲基苯酚衍生物为任意一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述R-X为进一步地,其反应路线如下:
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述R-X为进一步地,其反应路线如下:
6.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,所述2-(2-羟基乙氧基)乙基-4-甲基苯磺酸盐的合成方法如下:
7.权利要求1~6任意一项所述方法制备得到的2,6-二硝基-3,4-二甲基苯酚衍生物在制备杀菌剂和/或除草剂产品中的应用。
8.根据权利要求7所述的应用,其特征在于,所述产品为AHAS酶抑制剂。
9.根据权利要求7所述的应用,其特征在于,所述产品为抑制植物生长的产品。
10.根据权利要求9所述的应用,其特征在于,所述产品为抑制植物根部生长的产品。
CN202310835432.3A 2023-07-10 2023-07-10 2,6-二硝基-3,4-二甲基苯酚衍生物的制备方法及活性应用 Pending CN117049967A (zh)

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