CN117028516A - Continuously variable transmission mechanism and wheeled machinery - Google Patents

Continuously variable transmission mechanism and wheeled machinery Download PDF

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Publication number
CN117028516A
CN117028516A CN202310848781.9A CN202310848781A CN117028516A CN 117028516 A CN117028516 A CN 117028516A CN 202310848781 A CN202310848781 A CN 202310848781A CN 117028516 A CN117028516 A CN 117028516A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
clutch
speed
gear
speed section
variable transmission
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN202310848781.9A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
周明辉
宁召歌
陈岩
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Weichai Hydraulic Transmission Co ltd
Weichai Power Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Weichai Hydraulic Transmission Co ltd
Weichai Power Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Weichai Hydraulic Transmission Co ltd, Weichai Power Co Ltd filed Critical Weichai Hydraulic Transmission Co ltd
Priority to CN202310848781.9A priority Critical patent/CN117028516A/en
Publication of CN117028516A publication Critical patent/CN117028516A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H47/00—Combinations of mechanical gearing with fluid clutches or fluid gearing
    • F16H47/02—Combinations of mechanical gearing with fluid clutches or fluid gearing the fluid gearing being of the volumetric type
    • F16H47/04—Combinations of mechanical gearing with fluid clutches or fluid gearing the fluid gearing being of the volumetric type the mechanical gearing being of the type with members having orbital motion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
    • F16H57/08—General details of gearing of gearings with members having orbital motion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
    • F16H57/08—General details of gearing of gearings with members having orbital motion
    • F16H2057/087—Arrangement and support of friction devices in planetary gearings, e.g. support of clutch drums, stacked arrangements of friction devices

Abstract

The application relates to a stepless speed change transmission mechanism and a wheel type machine in the technical field of speed changers, wherein the stepless speed change transmission mechanism comprises: the planetary gear transmission system comprises an internal gear, a sun gear and a planet carrier, and the driving mechanism is in transmission connection with the planet carrier; the hydraulic closed system is used for coupling the internal gear and the sun gear and converting the power of the internal gear and the sun gear into low-speed section output or high-speed section output; a clutch system for switching to the low speed section or to the high speed section; and the output shaft is connected with the clutch system. The stepless speed change transmission mechanism increases the speed regulation range, does not need to switch a clutch in the speed change process from 0 speed to the maximum operation speed, has high transmission efficiency in the starting stage, and improves the service life and the operation efficiency of each element.

Description

Continuously variable transmission mechanism and wheeled machinery
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of speed changers, in particular to a stepless speed change transmission mechanism and a wheel type machine.
Background
At present, wheel type machines, including agricultural machines, engineering machines and the like, are mostly provided with manual gear shifting gearboxes by a walking driving speed changing device, and hydraulic torque converters are arranged at the input parts of part of gearboxes to reduce gear shifting impact; in addition, some devices have begun to employ transmission schemes that achieve continuously variable speeds through mechanical-hydraulic coupling.
However, the manual speed changing devices have the defects of discontinuous speed ratio, discontinuous power transmission in the speed changing process and the like, and can cause the problems of high oil consumption of the whole machine, complex control, difficulty in realizing automatic control and the like; some mechanical hydraulic stepless speed changing schemes also have the defects of complex structure and discontinuous power transmission in the speed changing process, generally comprise two or more speed changing sections from 0 speed to the maximum operation speed, have low transmission efficiency in the starting stage, have low transmission efficiency in the whole vehicle for the operation scene of frequent starting, accelerating, and then decelerating and stopping, and have influence on the service life and the operation efficiency of elements due to frequent section switching.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the problems existing in the background technology, the application provides a stepless speed change transmission mechanism and a wheel type machine, wherein the speed regulation range of the stepless speed change transmission mechanism is enlarged, the speed change process from 0 speed to the maximum operation speed is carried out, the clutch is not required to be switched, the transmission efficiency of the gearbox in the starting stage is high, and the service life and the operation efficiency of each element are improved.
According to an aspect of the present application, there is provided a continuously variable transmission mechanism comprising: the planetary gear transmission system comprises an internal gear, a sun gear and a planet carrier, and the driving mechanism is in transmission connection with the planet carrier; the hydraulic closed system is used for coupling the internal gear and the sun gear and converting the power of the internal gear and the sun gear into low-speed section output or high-speed section output; a clutch system for switching to the low speed section or to the high speed section; and the output shaft is connected with the clutch system.
In some embodiments of the application, the hydraulic closed system comprises a variable pump and a variable motor, wherein an input shaft of the variable pump is connected to the sun gear through a first gear pair, and an output end of the variable motor is connected to the inner gear through a second gear pair.
In some embodiments of the application, the clutch system comprises a first clutch and a second clutch, the output shaft is connected to the internal gear through a first clutch and a third gear pair, and the output shaft is connected to the sun gear through a second clutch and a fourth gear pair.
In some embodiments of the application, the first clutch and the second clutch are both dog clutches.
In some embodiments of the application, the first clutch and the second clutch are each plate clutches.
In some embodiments of the application, the first clutch and the second clutch are both normally open.
In some embodiments of the application, the variable displacement motor is of the bent axis type.
In some embodiments of the application, the low speed section includes a reverse low speed section and a forward low speed section, and the high speed section is a forward high speed section.
In some embodiments of the application, the highest value of the forward low speed section is greater than or equal to the highest operating speed demanded by the vehicle.
According to another aspect of the present application, there is provided a wheeled machine comprising the continuously variable transmission mechanism described above.
The embodiment of the application provides a stepless speed change transmission mechanism, which adopts a variable pump and a variable motor which are all variable elements to couple an internal gear and a sun gear, so as to realize double-variable compound speed regulation, enlarge the speed regulation range, and realize the speed change process from 0 speed to the maximum operation speed without switching a clutch; the forward driving stage has no circulating power generation, high transmission efficiency and obvious advantages especially in the starting stage; moreover, from the reverse maximum vehicle speed to the forward maximum vehicle speed, the full-range speed change process only undergoes one section switching and is 0 differential switching, so that no interruption of power transmission can be realized, and the working efficiency is improved; the rotation speed of each element of the planetary gear transmission mechanism is low, the design with high reliability is easy to realize, and the service life of each element is prolonged.
Drawings
Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the application. Also, like reference numerals are used to designate like parts throughout the figures. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a continuously variable transmission mechanism according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the rotational speed of each element and the vehicle speed.
The reference numerals in the drawings are as follows:
1. a first gear pair; 2. a variable displacement pump; 3. a variable displacement motor; 4. a second gear pair; 5. an internal gear; 6. a planet carrier; 7. a sun gear; 8. a third gear pair; 9. a first clutch; 10. a second clutch; 11. a fourth gear pair; 12. an output shaft;
51. variable pump speed; 52. the rotation speed of the output shaft; 53. varying the motor speed; 54. internal gear rotational speed; 55. the planet carrier rotational speed; 56. the rotational speed of the sun gear.
Detailed Description
It should be understood that the described embodiments are merely some, but not all, embodiments of the application. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.
When the following description refers to the accompanying drawings, the same numbers in different drawings refer to the same or similar elements, unless otherwise indicated. The implementations described in the following exemplary examples do not represent all implementations consistent with the application. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatus and methods consistent with certain aspects of the application as detailed in the accompanying claims.
In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "first," "second," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art. Furthermore, in the description of the present application, unless otherwise indicated, "a plurality" means two or more. "and/or", describes an association relationship of an association object, and indicates that there may be three relationships, for example, a and/or B, and may indicate: a exists alone, A and B exist together, and B exists alone. The character "/" generally indicates that the context-dependent object is an "or" relationship.
The embodiment of the application discloses a stepless speed change transmission mechanism. As shown in fig. 1, the continuously variable transmission mechanism includes a planetary gear transmission system, a hydraulic closed system, a clutch system, and an output shaft 12.
Further, the planetary gear transmission system includes an internal gear 5, a sun gear 7, planetary gears and a carrier 6, the planetary gears rotate around the sun gear 7, the internal gear 5 is meshed with the planetary gears, the carrier 6 serves as an input end of the continuously variable transmission mechanism, a driving mechanism (engine) is in transmission connection with the carrier 6, and the carrier 6 is directly caused to rotate by the driving mechanism.
The hydraulic closed system is coupled with the internal gear 5 and the sun gear 7, and converts the power of the internal gear 5 and the sun gear 7 into low-speed section output or high-speed section output. The hydraulic closed systems used in the present embodiment are all variable elements.
The output shaft 12 is connected to a clutch system, and the output shaft 12 is used as an output end of the continuously variable transmission mechanism, and the clutch system is used for converting power of the internal gear 5 and the sun gear 7 into low-speed section output or high-speed section output by a hydraulic closed system, and then switching the output shaft 12 into the low-speed section or the high-speed section.
Further, the low-speed section comprises a reversing low-speed section and a forward low-speed section, and the high-speed section is a forward high-speed section; wherein the highest value of the forward low speed section is greater than or equal to the highest operating speed demanded by the vehicle.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1, the hydraulic closed system includes a variable pump 2 and a variable motor 3, wherein an input shaft of the variable pump 2 is connected to a sun gear 7 through a first gear pair 1, and an output end of the variable motor 3 is connected to an internal gear 5 through a second gear pair 4.
It will be appreciated that actuation of the drive mechanism causes rotation of the planet carrier 6 and the planet gears and hence rotation of the sun gear 7, at which time the rotation speed of the sun gear 7 is in the same direction as the rotation speed of the planet carrier 6, and by varying the displacement of the variable motor 3 and/or variable pump 2 and transmitting by the first and second gear pairs 1, 4, a change in the rotation speed of the annulus gear 5 and sun gear 7 may be caused simultaneously.
In the present embodiment, the variable motor 3 is of a bent axis type; further, the hydraulic closed system in the embodiment can also adopt a motor to replace the variable pump 2 and the variable motor 3, and the electrode is used for realizing the subsequent stepless speed regulation so as to achieve the electromechanical coupling stepless speed change.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1, the clutch system includes a first clutch 9 and a second clutch 10, an output shaft 12 is connected to the internal gear 5 through the first clutch 9 and the third gear pair 8, and the output shaft 12 is connected to the sun gear 7 through the second clutch 10 and the fourth gear pair 11.
It will be appreciated that when the first clutch 9 is engaged and the second clutch 10 is disengaged, the annulus gear 5 causes rotation of the output shaft 12 via the third gear pair 8, and when the second clutch 10 is engaged and the first clutch 9 is disengaged, the sun gear 7 causes rotation of the output shaft 12 via the fourth gear pair 11. Specifically, in the present embodiment, when the variable displacement pump 2 and the variable displacement motor 3 convert the power coupled by the internal gear 5 and the sun gear 7 into the reverse low speed section output or the forward low speed section output, it corresponds that the first clutch 9 is engaged and the second clutch 10 is disengaged; when the variable displacement pump 2 and the variable displacement motor 3 convert the power coupled by the internal gear 5 and the sun gear 7 into the forward high speed section output, the second clutch 10 is engaged and the first clutch 9 is disengaged.
Specifically, in the present embodiment, the first clutch 9 and the second clutch 10 are both dog clutches or are both plate clutches; the power consumption of the jaw clutch is low, and the control difficulty can be reduced by adopting the plate clutch; further, the first clutch 9 and the second clutch 10 are both normally open.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the shifting process of the continuously variable transmission mechanism described above is as follows:
in fig. 2, the abscissa indicates the vehicle speed, the ordinate indicates the rotational speed of each element, wherein 51 indicates the rotational speed and vehicle speed relationship line of the variable displacement pump 2, 52 indicates the rotational speed and vehicle speed relationship line of the output shaft 12, 53 indicates the rotational speed and vehicle speed relationship line of the variable displacement motor 3, 54 indicates the rotational speed and vehicle speed relationship line of the internal gear 5, 55 indicates the rotational speed and vehicle speed relationship line of the carrier 6, and 56 indicates the rotational speed and vehicle speed relationship line of the sun gear 7.
In the initial state, the displacement of the variable displacement motor 3 is maximum, the displacement of the variable displacement pump 2 is 0, and the first clutch 9 and the second clutch 10 are both in the disengaged state. The engine is started and runs at normal working rotation speed, the planet carrier 6 is driven to rotate, at the moment, the rotation speeds of the internal gear 5 and the output shaft 12 are both 0, and the rotation speed of the sun gear 7 is the same as the rotation speed of the planet carrier 6.
Based on the initial state, the displacement of the variable displacement pump 2 is adjusted to enable the rotating speed of the variable motor 3 to be gradually and negatively increased from zero, meanwhile, the rotating speed of the internal gear 5 is caused to be gradually and positively increased from zero, the rotating speed of the sun gear 7 is caused to be gradually and negatively increased from the first set rotating speed, the rotating speed of the output shaft 12 is caused to be gradually and negatively increased from zero until the rotating speed of the output shaft 12 reaches the highest negative value, and the output shaft 12 drives the whole vehicle to move backwards until the whole vehicle backward speed reaches the maximum backward speed of the backward low speed section.
Based on the initial state described above, in combination with the first clutch 9, the displacement of the variable displacement pump 2 is adjusted so that the rotational speed of the variable displacement motor 3 increases gradually and positively from zero, while the rotational speed of the internal gear 5 increases gradually and negatively from zero, and the rotational speed of the sun gear 7 decreases gradually and negatively from the first set rotational speed, thereby causing the rotational speed of the output shaft 12 to increase gradually and positively from zero until the rotational speed of the output shaft 12 reaches the highest value of the forward low speed section, at which stage the output shaft 12 will drive the whole vehicle forward until the forward speed of the whole vehicle reaches the highest forward speed of the forward low speed section.
In the process that the first clutch 9 is combined, the displacement of the variable displacement pump 2 is increased, and the displacement of the variable displacement motor 3 is reduced, so that the advancing speed of the whole vehicle is continuously increased, the rotational speed relation of each element of the continuously variable transmission mechanism is continuously changed, wherein the rotational speed of the internal gear 5 is gradually and negatively increased, the rotational speed of the sun gear 7 is gradually and negatively reduced from the first set rotational speed, so that the speed difference between the combination members of the second clutch 10 is gradually reduced until the speed difference is reduced to 0, at the moment, the vehicle speed reaches the highest value of the advancing low speed section, the second clutch 10 is combined and the first clutch 9 is disconnected, the switching of the speed change section is completed, the advancing high speed section is cut in, and the smooth switching can be realized due to the fact that the speed difference between the combination members is not generated during the switching. In addition, it should be noted that the highest value of the forward low speed section should not be lower than the highest operation speed requirement.
After the high-speed section is cut into, the displacement of the variable motor 3 is gradually increased to the maximum, the displacement of the variable pump 2 is reduced and is continuously increased reversely, so that the rotating speed of the sun gear 7 is gradually and negatively increased, the rotating speed of the inner gear 5 is gradually and negatively reduced and then gradually and positively increased, and the output shaft 12 drives the whole vehicle to continuously increase the vehicle speed; when the displacement of the variable displacement pump 2 reaches the maximum in the reverse direction, the vehicle speed reaches the maximum in the forward direction.
By using the stepless speed change transmission mechanism in the technical scheme, the variable pump 2 and the variable motor 3 which are all variable elements are adopted to couple the internal gear 5 and the sun gear 7, so that double-variable compound speed regulation is realized, the speed regulation range is enlarged, and the speed change process from 0 speed to the maximum operation speed in the forward driving stage can be realized without switching a clutch; the forward driving stage has no circulating power generation, high transmission efficiency and obvious advantages especially in the starting stage; moreover, from the reverse maximum vehicle speed to the forward maximum vehicle speed, the full-range speed change process only undergoes one section switching and is 0 differential speed switching, namely, the forward low-speed section is switched into the forward high-speed section, so that no interruption of power transmission can be realized, and the operation efficiency is improved; the rotation speed of each element of the planetary gear transmission mechanism is low, the design with high reliability is easy to realize, and the service life of each element is prolonged.
In addition, for the application occasion with higher requirement on the reversing speed, a reversing mechanism can be added at the input end or the output end of the stepless speed change transmission mechanism to replace the reversing mode of the reversing through the reversing variable of the variable pump 2 in the application, if the reversing mode is adopted to realize reversing, the requirement on the reversing variable of the variable pump 2 can be canceled, but the variable pump 2 needs to allow reversing operation.
There is also provided in this embodiment a wheeled machine including the continuously variable transmission mechanism described above. Specifically, the wheel machine is an agricultural machine, a construction machine, or the like, such as a tractor, a loader, an off-road vehicle, or the like.
The present application is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily understood by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present application are intended to be included in the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the application is subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (10)

1. A continuously variable transmission mechanism, characterized by comprising:
the planetary gear transmission system comprises an internal gear, a sun gear and a planet carrier, and the driving mechanism is in transmission connection with the planet carrier;
the hydraulic closed system is used for coupling the internal gear and the sun gear and converting the power of the internal gear and the sun gear into low-speed section output or high-speed section output;
a clutch system for switching to the low speed section or to the high speed section;
and the output shaft is connected with the clutch system.
2. The continuously variable transmission mechanism according to claim 1, wherein the hydraulic closed system includes a variable pump and a variable motor, an input shaft of the variable pump is connected to the sun gear through a first gear pair, and an output end of the variable motor is connected to the internal gear through a second gear pair.
3. The infinitely variable transmission of claim 1, wherein the clutch system comprises a first clutch and a second clutch, the output shaft is coupled to the internal gear via a first clutch and a third gear pair, and the output shaft is coupled to the sun gear via a second clutch and a fourth gear pair.
4. The infinitely variable transmission of claim 3, wherein the first clutch and the second clutch are dog clutches.
5. The continuously variable transmission mechanism of claim 3, wherein the first clutch and the second clutch are each plate clutches.
6. The infinitely variable transmission of claim 3, wherein the first clutch and the second clutch are both normally open.
7. The infinitely variable transmission of claim 2, wherein the variable motor is of the bent axis type.
8. The continuously variable transmission mechanism of claim 1, wherein the low speed section includes a reverse low speed section and a forward low speed section, and the high speed section is a forward high speed section.
9. The infinitely variable transmission of claim 8, wherein the highest value of the forward low speed section is greater than or equal to the highest operating speed demanded by the vehicle.
10. A wheeled machine comprising a continuously variable transmission mechanism as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9.
CN202310848781.9A 2023-07-11 2023-07-11 Continuously variable transmission mechanism and wheeled machinery Pending CN117028516A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202310848781.9A CN117028516A (en) 2023-07-11 2023-07-11 Continuously variable transmission mechanism and wheeled machinery

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202310848781.9A CN117028516A (en) 2023-07-11 2023-07-11 Continuously variable transmission mechanism and wheeled machinery

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN117028516A true CN117028516A (en) 2023-11-10

Family

ID=88643795

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202310848781.9A Pending CN117028516A (en) 2023-07-11 2023-07-11 Continuously variable transmission mechanism and wheeled machinery

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN117028516A (en)

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