CN117024988A - Method for extracting Vaccinium bracteatum leaf melanin - Google Patents
Method for extracting Vaccinium bracteatum leaf melanin Download PDFInfo
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- CN117024988A CN117024988A CN202310905233.5A CN202310905233A CN117024988A CN 117024988 A CN117024988 A CN 117024988A CN 202310905233 A CN202310905233 A CN 202310905233A CN 117024988 A CN117024988 A CN 117024988A
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- candleweed
- vaccinium bracteatum
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- XUMBMVFBXHLACL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Melanin Chemical compound O=C1C(=O)C(C2=CNC3=C(C(C(=O)C4=C32)=O)C)=C2C4=CNC2=C1C XUMBMVFBXHLACL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 235000005480 Vaccinium bracteatum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 244000287839 Vaccinium bracteatum Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 244000178289 Verbascum thapsus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 241001553290 Euphorbia antisyphilitica Species 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims description 7
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims description 7
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 108010059892 Cellulase Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 108091005804 Peptidases Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004365 Protease Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 102100037486 Reverse transcriptase/ribonuclease H Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940106157 cellulase Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000007695 Nandina domestica Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000007721 medicinal effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002778 food additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000013373 food additive Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000371652 Curvularia clavata Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010012735 Diarrhoea Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 108010059820 Polygalacturonase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000012511 Vaccinium Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000736767 Vaccinium Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108010093305 exopolygalacturonase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011389 fruit/vegetable juice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003734 kidney Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002398 materia medica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000956 nontoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000000952 spleen Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000002435 tendon Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B61/00—Dyes of natural origin prepared from natural sources, e.g. vegetable sources
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/40—Colouring or decolouring of foods
- A23L5/42—Addition of dyes or pigments, e.g. in combination with optical brighteners
- A23L5/43—Addition of dyes or pigments, e.g. in combination with optical brighteners using naturally occurring organic dyes or pigments, their artificial duplicates or their derivatives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B67/00—Influencing the physical, e.g. the dyeing or printing properties of dyestuffs without chemical reactions, e.g. by treating with solvents grinding or grinding assistants, coating of pigments or dyes; Process features in the making of dyestuff preparations; Dyestuff preparations of a special physical nature, e.g. tablets, films
- C09B67/0096—Purification; Precipitation; Filtration
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for extracting Vaccinium bracteatum leaf melanin, which comprises the following steps: step S01, selecting fresh candleweed leaves, removing impurities, and cleaning to obtain candleweed leaf raw materials; s02, putting the candlewick leaf raw material into a disc type kneading and cutting machine for kneading and cutting; s03, carrying out low-temperature fixation on the raw materials of the Vaccinium bracteatum leaves, wherein the fixation temperature is lower than 70 ℃; step S04, drying the candelilla leaves at a low temperature to enable the water content to be lower than 10%; s05, superfine grinding is carried out on the raw materials of the Vaccinium bracteatum leaves, and the raw materials are sieved by a 100-200-mesh sieve; s06, adding purified water into the candelilla leaf raw material; and S07, carrying out high-frequency ultrasonic grinding on the candleweed raw material. The method for extracting the melanin from the leaves of the Vaccinium bracteatum disclosed by the invention can fully extract the melanin from the leaves of the Vaccinium bracteatum, and the obtained melanin has pure color and higher quality, has certain medicinal, antibacterial and antioxidant effects, and is suitable for large-scale industrial production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of food additive processing, and particularly relates to a method for extracting Vaccinium bracteatum leaf melanin.
Background
Vaccinium bracteatum, vaccinium of Vacciniaceae, and the like, is evergreen shrubs or small trees widely distributed in Jiangzhe Zhan, and southeast Asia countries such as Malaysia, japan, thailand, and the like. Vaccinium bracteatum is a traditional Chinese medicinal material, leaves of the Vaccinium bracteatum can be used as a medicine, and Lishizhen (the schema of materia medica) records that Vaccinium bracteatum leaves are bitter in smell, flat and nontoxic, and mainly treats diarrhea and sleep, strengthens tendons and benefits qi, is taken for a long time, is light for a long time, is hunger-free, and turns white and old. Vaccinium bracteatum leaves contain a large amount of blue melanin, and common people in Jiang Zhe areas can use fresh Vaccinium bracteatum leaves to soak glutinous rice to make special delicious food: black rice. The black pigment of the Vaccinium bracteatum leaf has black fragrance, has the efficacy of strengthening spleen and tonifying kidney, and the natural pigment extracted by a special process can be used as an edible pigment. Compared with artificial pigment, natural pigment has no toxicity, does not cause harm to human body, has high biological safety and huge potential market demand, so the method for extracting natural melanin from the Vaccinium bracteatum leaves becomes a focus of attention. Meanwhile, the melanin of the Vaccinium bracteatum leaves has remarkable effects of inhibiting bacteria and resisting oxidation, so that the Vaccinium bracteatum leaves have a certain anti-corrosion function. Therefore, vaccinium bracteatum leaf melanin belongs to a relatively excellent food additive.
However, in the existing extraction process of the Vaccinium bracteatum leaf melanin, especially in the process of evaporating the Vaccinium bracteatum leaf juice, people find that the natural melanin is unstable in chemical property and easy to decompose under the medium-high temperature condition, the color of the extracted melanin is close to blue black, and the medicinal, antibacterial and antioxidant effects of the extracted melanin are weakened, so that the extraction difficulty of the Vaccinium bracteatum leaf melanin is increased.
Therefore, in order to solve the problems, the extraction efficiency and the extraction quality of the Vaccinium bracteatum leaf melanin are improved, and the method for extracting the Vaccinium bracteatum leaf melanin is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the method for extracting the melanin from the candelilla leaves, which can be used for extracting the melanin from the candelilla leaves, and can not only extract the melanin with higher purity, but also prevent the melanin from being decomposed during the extraction process, and has simple operation and lower cost.
A method for extracting Vaccinium bracteatum leaf melanin, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S01, selecting fresh candleweed leaves, removing impurities, and cleaning to obtain candleweed leaf raw materials;
s02, putting the candlewick leaf raw material into a disc type kneading and cutting machine for kneading and cutting;
s03, carrying out low-temperature fixation on the raw materials of the Vaccinium bracteatum leaves, wherein the fixation temperature is lower than 70 ℃;
step S04, drying the candelilla leaves at a low temperature to enable the water content to be lower than 10%;
s05, superfine grinding is carried out on the raw materials of the Vaccinium bracteatum leaves, and the raw materials are sieved by a 100-200-mesh sieve;
s06, adding purified water into the candelilla leaf raw material;
s07, carrying out high-frequency ultrasonic grinding on the raw materials of the candleweed leaves;
step S08, putting the raw materials of the candleweed leaves into a colloid mill for grinding, and sieving the ground raw materials of the candleweed leaves with a 400-mesh sieve;
step S09, adding complex enzyme into the raw materials of the nandina domestica leaves to carry out enzymolysis reaction;
s10, centrifuging the enzymatic hydrolysis-processed candleweed raw material;
s11, pouring the candlewick leaf raw material into a macroporous resin adsorption column, eluting once by purified water, eluting by using an ethanol solution, and collecting an ethanol eluent;
and S12, concentrating the ethanol eluent by using a low-temperature concentration evaporator, wherein the concentration temperature is lower than 40 ℃, and freeze-drying after concentration to obtain the Vaccinium bracteatum leaf melanin.
Preferably, in the step S02, the length and width of the candlewick leaves after being kneaded are all smaller than 1cm.
Preferably, in the step S06, the weight of purified water is 5-12 times of that of the raw material of the candelilla, and the temperature of the purified water is below 25 ℃.
Preferably, in the step S07, the frequency of the high-frequency ultrasonic pulverization is 90 to 130kHz, the number of times is 3 or more, and the duration of each ultrasonic pulverization is 20 minutes or more.
Preferably, in the step S08, the grinding fineness is 2 μm.
Preferably, in the step S09, the complex enzyme comprises protease, pectinase and cellulase.
Preferably, in the step S09, the pH value of the enzymolysis reaction is 5.5-6.5, the reaction temperature is 40 ℃, and the reaction time is more than 8 hours.
Preferably, in the step S10, the centrifugation speed of the centrifugation is 8000-15000rpm, and the centrifugation time period is more than 10 minutes.
Preferably, in the step S11, the concentration of the ethanol solution is 50-85%.
The method for extracting the melanin from the Vaccinium bracteatum leaves can fully extract the melanin from the Vaccinium bracteatum leaves to obtain a natural black food additive. In the extraction process, the method can thoroughly prevent melanin from being decomposed by heating, and the obtained melanin has pure color and higher quality, has certain medicinal, antibacterial and antioxidant effects, and is suitable for large-scale industrial production.
Detailed Description
In order that the technical contents of the present invention may be more easily understood, the technical aspects of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the embodiments.
Example 1
In this example, the method first proceeds to a pretreatment step of the raw material. Firstly, selecting fresh candleweed leaves, removing unnecessary impurities for extraction, and cleaning the candleweed leaves by using tap water to obtain a candleweed leaf raw material. And then, a second step is carried out, and the candlewick leaf raw material is put into a kneading and cutting machine for kneading and cutting. Here, the candlewick leaves are kneaded and cut using a conventional disc kneader, which can primarily knead the candlewick leaves to a length and width of less than 1cm, and the raw material of this size is suitable for the next low-temperature deactivation of enzymes. And then carrying out a third step, namely carrying out low-temperature de-enzyming on the raw materials of the Vaccinium bracteatum leaves, wherein the de-enzyming temperature is 55-60 ℃ in the embodiment. After the fixation, the pretreatment of the raw materials of the candelilla is completed and the raw materials are ready for crushing.
The pulverizing step is then performed. Fourth, drying the candlewick leaf raw material at a low temperature to enable the water content to be lower than 10%, carrying out fifth, carrying out superfine grinding on the dried candlewick leaf raw material, sieving the candlewick leaf raw material by a 200-mesh stainless steel sieve in the embodiment, carrying out sixth, adding purified water into the candlewick leaf raw material, uniformly mixing, carrying out seventh, carrying out high-frequency ultrasonic grinding on the candlewick leaf raw material, carrying out ultrasonic grinding on the high-frequency ultrasonic grinding frequency of 130kHz for 5 times, carrying out ultrasonic grinding for 30 minutes each time, and carrying out an extraction step on the ultrasonic-ground candlewick leaf raw material.
In the extraction step, in the eighth step, the raw material of the candlewick leaves is put into a colloid mill for grinding, the grinding fineness is 2 mu m in the embodiment, the ground raw material of the candlewick leaves is sieved by a 400-mesh sieve, and then in the ninth step, compound enzyme is added into the raw material of the candlewick leaves, the compound enzyme comprises protease, pectase and cellulase, enzymolysis reaction is carried out, the pH value of the enzymolysis reaction is 6.5, the reaction temperature is 40 ℃, and the reaction time is 10 hours. And a tenth step is executed after enzymolysis, and the enzymolysis is carried out on the raw materials of the candleholder leaves, wherein the centrifugation speed is 15000rpm, and the centrifugation time is 20 minutes. And (3) performing an eleventh step after centrifugation, pouring the candlewick leaf raw material into a macroporous resin adsorption column, eluting once by using purified water, eluting by using 70% ethanol solution with the weight ten times that of the candlewick leaf raw material, and collecting ethanol eluent. And finally, carrying out the twelfth step, concentrating the ethanol eluent by using a low-temperature concentration evaporator, wherein the concentration temperature is lower than 40 ℃, and freeze-drying after concentration to obtain the Vaccinium bracteatum leaf melanin.
Finally, it is noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which is intended to be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for extracting Vaccinium bracteatum leaf melanin, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S01, selecting fresh candleweed leaves, removing impurities, and cleaning to obtain candleweed leaf raw materials;
s02, putting the candlewick leaf raw material into a disc type kneading and cutting machine for kneading and cutting;
s03, carrying out low-temperature fixation on the raw materials of the Vaccinium bracteatum leaves, wherein the fixation temperature is lower than 70 ℃;
step S04, drying the candelilla leaves at a low temperature to enable the water content to be lower than 10%;
s05, superfine grinding is carried out on the raw materials of the Vaccinium bracteatum leaves, and the raw materials are sieved by a 100-200-mesh sieve;
s06, adding purified water into the candelilla leaf raw material;
s07, carrying out high-frequency ultrasonic grinding on the raw materials of the candleweed leaves;
step S08, putting the raw materials of the candleweed leaves into a colloid mill for grinding, and sieving the ground raw materials of the candleweed leaves with a 400-mesh sieve;
step S09, adding complex enzyme into the raw materials of the nandina domestica leaves to carry out enzymolysis reaction;
s10, centrifuging the enzymatic hydrolysis-processed candleweed raw material;
s11, pouring the candlewick leaf raw material into a macroporous resin adsorption column, eluting once by purified water, eluting by using an ethanol solution, and collecting an ethanol eluent;
and S12, concentrating the ethanol eluent by using a low-temperature concentration evaporator, wherein the concentration temperature is lower than 40 ℃, and freeze-drying after concentration to obtain the Vaccinium bracteatum leaf melanin.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S02, the length and width of the kneaded-cut candleweed leaves are less than 1cm.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S06, the weight of purified water is 5-12 times of the weight of the raw material of the candelilla, and the temperature of purified water is below 25 ℃.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S07, the frequency of the high-frequency ultrasonic pulverization is 90-130kHz, the number of times is 3 or more, and the duration of each ultrasonic pulverization is 20 minutes or more.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S08, the fineness of grinding is 2 μm.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S09, the complex enzyme comprises protease, pectase and cellulase.
7. The method for extracting Vaccinium bracteatum leaf melanin according to claim 1, wherein in the step S09, the pH value of the enzymolysis reaction is 5.5-6.5, the reaction temperature is 40 ℃, and the reaction time is more than 8 hours.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S10, the centrifugation speed is 8000-15000rpm, and the centrifugation time period is more than 10 minutes.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S11, the concentration of the ethanol solution is 50-85%.
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