CN117024206B - Preparation process of macroelement water-soluble fertilizer for improving soil - Google Patents
Preparation process of macroelement water-soluble fertilizer for improving soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN117024206B CN117024206B CN202311300456.5A CN202311300456A CN117024206B CN 117024206 B CN117024206 B CN 117024206B CN 202311300456 A CN202311300456 A CN 202311300456A CN 117024206 B CN117024206 B CN 117024206B
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- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical class O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl benzenesulfonate;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229940080264 sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- CDQSJQSWAWPGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCC(O)O CDQSJQSWAWPGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 20
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229940093429 polyethylene glycol 6000 Drugs 0.000 claims description 17
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 14
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000006184 cosolvent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- 229940088990 ammonium stearate Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- JPNZKPRONVOMLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;octadecanoic acid Chemical compound [NH4+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O JPNZKPRONVOMLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920003063 hydroxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 229940031574 hydroxymethyl cellulose Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 6
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea group Chemical group NC(=O)N XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 polyoxyethylene lauryl ether Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N (S)-malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-hydroxysuccinic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001630 malic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011090 malic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N papa-hydroxy-benzoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960004889 salicylic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000259 polyoxyethylene lauryl ether Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- 229920002584 Polyethylene Glycol 6000 Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229920000056 polyoxyethylene ether Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229940051841 polyoxyethylene ether Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008118 PEG 6000 Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003837 high-temperature calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/30—Anti-agglomerating additives; Anti-solidifying additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
- C05G3/44—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility for affecting solubility
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation process of a macroelement water-soluble fertilizer for improving soil, which relates to the technical field of macroelement water-soluble fertilizers and specifically comprises the following steps of: (1) Uniformly mixing the raw materials of the base fertilizer, extruding and granulating, wherein the particle size of the granules is 2-3mm; (2) Dispersing polyvinyl alcohol in water, heating and stirring to prepare 11-12wt% polyvinyl alcohol solution, then adding sulfonate polyether glycol, glycerol, butanediol, modified montmorillonite, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and foam stabilizer, stirring uniformly to obtain a glue solution, and foaming the glue solution by a foaming machine to obtain a foaming solution; (3) And (3) putting the particles in the step (1) into a coating machine, coating the surfaces of the particles by adopting foaming liquid, and drying to obtain the product. The process has the advantages that the water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol microporous foaming film is coated on the surface of the base fertilizer, so that the process has a good anti-caking effect, and the fertilizer is fast to dissolve and low in insoluble matter content.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of macroelement water-soluble fertilizers, in particular to a macroelement water-soluble fertilizer preparation process for improving soil.
Background
The macroelement water-soluble fertilizer is a fertilizer which can be dissolved in water and has nutrient components which are easy to be absorbed and utilized by crops, and has high nutrient concentration, complete water solubility, good compatibility, flushing and spraying, and drip irrigation are combined to realize the integration of water and fertilizer, so that the water resource can be saved, the fertilizer utilization rate can be improved, the economic benefit can be increased, the environment can be protected, the fertilizer completely accords with the fertilizer application concepts of water conservation, fertilizer conservation, time saving, high efficiency and environmental protection of modern agriculture, and is suitable for the current agricultural development situation, and therefore, the application is very wide.
As the main components in the macroelement water-soluble fertilizer are substances with relatively strong water absorption, the requirements on the preparation process, packaging, transportation and storage environments are very high, and the problems of water absorption and agglomeration are extremely easy to occur. The most common method for preventing the macro-element water-soluble fertilizer from caking in the prior art comprises the following steps: (1) Mixing an anti-caking agent, such as a surfactant, into the fertilizer, reducing the surface tension of the solution on the surface of the particles and reducing the adsorption force, wherein the anti-caking effect of the method is limited for an environment with higher humidity; (2) The method has the advantages that a coating film is formed on the surface of the crystal, mechanical isolation is formed among particles, the isolation effect is good, but the method has certain problems at present, the better the water resistance of the coating film is, the greater the mechanical strength is, the better the isolation anti-caking effect is, and the water solubility of the macroelement water-soluble fertilizer in a water body is reduced or the macroelement water-soluble fertilizer floats in the water body, so that the macroelement water-soluble fertilizer is slowly dissolved in the water body or insoluble matters are generated.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a preparation process of a macroelement water-soluble fertilizer for improving soil, which is characterized in that a water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol microporous foaming film is coated on the surface of a base fertilizer, so that the anti-caking effect can be well achieved, the fertilizer is fast to dissolve, and the content of insoluble matters is low.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a preparation process of a macroelement water-soluble fertilizer for improving soil comprises the following steps:
(1) Uniformly mixing the raw materials of the base fertilizer, extruding and granulating, wherein the particle size of the granules is 2-3mm;
(2) Dispersing polyvinyl alcohol in water, heating and stirring to prepare 11-12wt% polyvinyl alcohol solution, then adding sulfonate polyether glycol, glycerol, butanediol, modified montmorillonite, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and foam stabilizer, stirring uniformly to obtain a glue solution, and foaming the glue solution by a foaming machine to obtain a foaming solution;
the weight ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol, the sulfonate polyether glycol, the glycerol, the butanediol, the modified montmorillonite, the sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and the foam stabilizer is 11-12:2:1:1:2:0.4:0.4;
(3) The granules in the step (1) are put into a coating machine, foaming liquid is adopted to coat the surfaces of the granules, and the products are obtained after drying; the coating amount is 3-4% of the total amount of the granule.
Further, the foam stabilizer is prepared from ammonium stearate and laurinol polyoxyethylene ether according to the weight ratio of 1:1, and mixing.
Further, the modified montmorillonite is prepared by the following steps:
after the montmorillonite is calcined at high temperature, the montmorillonite is dispersed in 2-3wt% of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate solution, and the solid-liquid ratio is 1:5-8, stirring for 2h at 60 ℃, drying and crushing to obtain the product.
Further, the base fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
60-75 parts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, 2-5 parts of calcium nitrate, 2-5 parts of magnesium sulfate, 2-4 parts of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 2-4 parts of sodium hydroxymethyl cellulose, 3-5 parts of organic acid and 2-4 parts of cosolvent.
Further, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is urea, monopotassium phosphate and potassium sulfate according to the weight ratio of 1.5-2:1:1, and mixing.
Further, the cosolvent is prepared by the following steps:
dissolving polyethylene glycol 6000 in ethanol solution, adding sodium bicarbonate, stirring for 2-3h, drying and crushing to obtain a product, wherein the weight ratio of the polyethylene glycol 6000 to the sodium bicarbonate is 1:20-25.
Further, the organic acid is citric acid, malic acid or salicylic acid.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the coating of the macroelement water-soluble fertilizer adopts a water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol microporous foaming film, a foaming agent adopts sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, and the foaming agent is sprayed on the surface of a base fertilizer after physical foaming to form a coating layer; the coating layer is a polyvinyl alcohol film with a porous cell structure formed by stacking innumerable spherical cells, the cell walls have a certain thickness, the cell walls are connected into a whole on the surface of a base fertilizer, after being dried, the cells break down to form a polyhedral connection protection film structure on the surface of the base fertilizer, and water-soluble fertilizer particles are separated, so that the anti-caking effect is achieved. And this application coating layer is the coating membrane of bubble structure, and the structure is three-dimensional, has certain elasticity and cushioning nature, even environment moisture content is high, and the coating membrane surface has the moisture absorption, also can prevent adhesion each other.
In order to ensure the water solubility of the macroelement water-soluble fertilizer, the polyvinyl alcohol film is modified by sulfonate polyether glycol and modified montmorillonite, has more hydrophilic groups in a film structure and excellent water solubility, and has certain interoperability in the vertical and horizontal directions after the foam holes of the coating film are broken, large specific surface area, and can quickly absorb water and dissolve when being used for compounding fertilizer with water, and the polyvinyl alcohol film does not float and influence the water solubility of the water-soluble fertilizer.
2. Modified montmorillonite is added in the application, the number of hydrophilic groups on the surface is increased through high-temperature calcination, and the modified hydrophilic groups are adsorbed on the surface through sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, so that the hydrophilicity is increased, on one hand, the modified montmorillonite is beneficial to the compatibility with polyvinyl alcohol, is dispersed in a network structure of a membrane, increases the mechanical property of the membrane, and can also increase the water solubility of the membrane.
The foam stabilizer is compounded by ammonium stearate and laurinol polyoxyethylene ether, so that the surface viscosity and viscoelasticity of the foam can be increased, and the stability is improved; in addition, the addition of the sulfonate polyether glycol enlarges the structure of the double electric layer of solution diffusion, which is helpful for increasing the stability of foam.
3. In order to further increase the water solubility of the macroelement water-soluble fertilizer, small-molecule organic acid and PEG 6000 coated sodium bicarbonate are added into the base fertilizer, and the sodium bicarbonate is coated and is not in direct contact with the small-molecule organic acid in the granulating process; when the fertilizer is compounded with water for fertilization, the coating film on the surface of the base fertilizer is quickly swelled and dissolved, water enters the base fertilizer, the coating layer on the surface of the sodium bicarbonate is also dissolved by water absorption, and the organic acid and the sodium bicarbonate are decomposed by gas production, so that the dissolution speed of the coating film and the base fertilizer is further accelerated, and the dissolution time is reduced.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to examples.
Example 1
A preparation process of a macroelement water-soluble fertilizer for improving soil comprises the following steps:
(1) After uniformly mixing the raw materials of the base fertilizer, extruding and granulating, spraying water appropriately according to the situation in the extruding and granulating process, wherein the water content is about 3wt%, and screening out particles with the particle size of 2-3mm;
(2) Dispersing polyvinyl alcohol in water, heating and stirring to prepare a polyvinyl alcohol solution with the polyvinyl alcohol concentration of 11wt%, then adding sulfonate polyether glycol, glycerol, butanediol, modified montmorillonite, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and a foam stabilizer, uniformly stirring to obtain a glue solution, and foaming the glue solution by a foaming machine to obtain a foaming solution with the foaming multiplying power of 2.5;
the weight ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol, the sulfonate polyether glycol, the glycerol, the butanediol, the modified montmorillonite, the sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and the foam stabilizer is 11:2:1:1:2:0.4:0.4;
(3) The granules in the step (1) are put into a coating machine, foaming liquid is adopted to coat the surfaces of the granules for 2 times, and the products are obtained after drying; the coating amount was 3.2wt% of the total amount of the particles.
The foam stabilizer is prepared from ammonium stearate and laurinol polyoxyethylene ether according to the weight ratio of 1:1, and mixing.
The modified montmorillonite is prepared by the following steps:
calcining montmorillonite at 800 ℃ for 2 hours, cooling at room temperature, and dispersing the montmorillonite in 2wt% sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate solution, wherein the solid-liquid ratio is 1: stirring for 2h at 8,60 ℃, drying and crushing to obtain the product.
The base fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
60 parts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, 2 parts of calcium nitrate, 2 parts of magnesium sulfate, 2 parts of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 2 parts of sodium hydroxymethyl cellulose, 3 parts of organic acid and 2 parts of cosolvent.
The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is urea, monopotassium phosphate and potassium sulfate according to the weight ratio of 1.5:1:1, mixing; the organic acid is citric acid.
The cosolvent is prepared by the following steps:
dissolving polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG-6000) in ethanol solution (the v/v of the ethanol solution is 20%, the mass fraction of the PEG-6000 is 10%), adding sodium bicarbonate, stirring for 2h, drying and crushing to obtain a product, wherein the weight ratio of the PEG-6000 to the sodium bicarbonate is 1:20.
example 2
A preparation process of a macroelement water-soluble fertilizer for improving soil comprises the following steps:
(1) After uniformly mixing the raw materials of the base fertilizer, extruding and granulating, spraying water appropriately according to the situation in the extruding and granulating process, wherein the water content is about 3wt%, and screening out particles with the particle size of 2-3mm;
(2) Dispersing polyvinyl alcohol in water, heating and stirring to prepare a polyvinyl alcohol solution with the concentration of 11.5wt%, adding sulfonate polyether glycol, glycerol, butanediol, modified montmorillonite, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and a foam stabilizer, uniformly stirring to obtain a glue solution, and foaming the glue solution by a foaming machine to obtain a foaming solution with the foaming ratio of 2.6;
the weight ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol, the sulfonate polyether glycol, the glycerol, the butanediol, the modified montmorillonite, the sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and the foam stabilizer is 11.5:2:1:1:2:0.4:0.4;
(3) The granules in the step (1) are put into a coating machine, foaming liquid is adopted to coat the surfaces of the granules for 2 times, and the products are obtained after drying; the coating amount was 3.3wt% of the total amount of the particles.
The foam stabilizer is prepared from ammonium stearate and laurinol polyoxyethylene ether according to the weight ratio of 1:1, and mixing.
The modified montmorillonite is prepared by the following steps:
after the montmorillonite is calcined for 2 hours at the high temperature of 800 ℃, the montmorillonite is dispersed in 2.5 weight percent of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate solution, and the solid-liquid ratio is 1: stirring for 2h at 7 and 60 ℃, drying and crushing to obtain the product.
The base fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
65 parts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, 3 parts of calcium nitrate, 3 parts of magnesium sulfate, 3 parts of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 3 parts of sodium hydroxymethyl cellulose, 4 parts of organic acid and 2.5 parts of cosolvent.
The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is urea, monopotassium phosphate and potassium sulfate according to the weight ratio of 1.8:1:1, mixing; the organic acid is citric acid.
The cosolvent is prepared by the following steps:
dissolving polyethylene glycol 6000 in an ethanol solution (the v/v of the ethanol solution is 20 percent, the mass fraction of the polyethylene glycol 6000 is 10 percent), adding sodium bicarbonate, stirring for 3 hours, drying and crushing to obtain a product, wherein the weight ratio of the polyethylene glycol 6000 to the sodium bicarbonate is 1:22.
example 3
A preparation process of a macroelement water-soluble fertilizer for improving soil comprises the following steps:
(1) After uniformly mixing the raw materials of the base fertilizer, extruding and granulating, spraying water appropriately according to the situation in the extruding and granulating process, wherein the water content is about 3wt%, and screening out particles with the particle size of 2-3mm;
(2) Dispersing polyvinyl alcohol in water, heating and stirring to prepare a polyvinyl alcohol solution with the concentration of 11.5wt%, adding sulfonate polyether glycol, glycerol, butanediol, modified montmorillonite, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and a foam stabilizer, uniformly stirring to obtain a glue solution, and foaming the glue solution by a foaming machine to obtain a foaming solution with the foaming ratio of 2.6;
the weight ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol, the sulfonate polyether glycol, the glycerol, the butanediol, the modified montmorillonite, the sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and the foam stabilizer is 11.5:2:1:1:2:0.4:0.4;
(3) The granules in the step (1) are put into a coating machine, foaming liquid is adopted to coat the surfaces of the granules, and the products are obtained after drying; the coating amount was 3.0wt% of the total amount of the particles.
The foam stabilizer is prepared from ammonium stearate and laurinol polyoxyethylene ether according to the weight ratio of 1:1, and mixing.
The modified montmorillonite is prepared by the following steps:
after the montmorillonite is calcined for 2 hours at the high temperature of 800 ℃, the montmorillonite is dispersed in 3wt% of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate solution, and the solid-liquid ratio is 1: stirring for 2h at 5 and 60 ℃, drying and crushing to obtain the product.
The base fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
70 parts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, 4 parts of calcium nitrate, 4 parts of magnesium sulfate, 3.5 parts of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 3.5 parts of sodium hydroxymethyl cellulose, 4.5 parts of organic acid and 3 parts of cosolvent.
The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is urea, monopotassium phosphate and potassium sulfate according to the weight ratio of 2:1:1, mixing; the organic acid is citric acid.
The cosolvent is prepared by the following steps:
dissolving polyethylene glycol 6000 in ethanol solution (the v/v of the ethanol solution is 20%, and the mass fraction of PEG-6000 is 10%), adding sodium bicarbonate, stirring for 2h, drying and crushing to obtain a product, wherein the weight ratio of PEG-6000 to sodium bicarbonate is 1:24.
example 4
A preparation process of a macroelement water-soluble fertilizer for improving soil comprises the following steps:
(1) After uniformly mixing the raw materials of the base fertilizer, extruding and granulating, spraying water appropriately according to the situation in the extruding and granulating process, wherein the water content is about 3wt%, and screening out particles with the particle size of 2-3mm;
(2) Dispersing polyvinyl alcohol in water, heating and stirring to prepare a polyvinyl alcohol solution with the weight percent of 12 percent, then adding sulfonate polyether glycol, glycerol, butanediol, modified montmorillonite, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and a foam stabilizer, uniformly stirring to obtain a glue solution, and foaming the glue solution by a foaming machine to obtain a foaming solution with the foaming multiplying power of 2.4;
the weight ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol, the sulfonate polyether glycol, the glycerol, the butanediol, the modified montmorillonite, the sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and the foam stabilizer is 12:2:1:1:2:0.4:0.4;
(3) The granules in the step (1) are put into a coating machine, foaming liquid is adopted to coat the surfaces of the granules for 2 times, and the products are obtained after drying; the coating amount was 3.1wt% of the total amount of the particles.
The foam stabilizer is prepared from ammonium stearate and laurinol polyoxyethylene ether according to the weight ratio of 1:1, and mixing.
The modified montmorillonite is prepared by the following steps:
after the montmorillonite is calcined for 2 hours at the high temperature of 800 ℃, the montmorillonite is dispersed in 3wt% of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate solution, and the solid-liquid ratio is 1: stirring for 2h at 6, 60 ℃, drying and crushing to obtain the product.
The base fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
75 parts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, 5 parts of calcium nitrate, 5 parts of magnesium sulfate, 4 parts of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 4 parts of sodium hydroxymethyl cellulose, 5 parts of organic acid and 4 parts of cosolvent.
The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is urea, monopotassium phosphate and potassium sulfate according to the weight ratio of 2:1:1, mixing; the organic acid is citric acid.
The cosolvent is prepared by the following steps:
dissolving polyethylene glycol 6000 in an ethanol solution (the v/v of the ethanol solution is 20 percent, the mass fraction of PEG-6000 is 10 percent), adding sodium bicarbonate, stirring for 2 hours, drying and crushing to obtain a product, wherein the weight ratio of the PEG-6000 to the sodium bicarbonate is 1:25.
comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 is a comparative example of example 4, and differs from example 4 in that the surface of the base fertilizer of comparative example 1 is not coated with a coating film, specifically as follows:
a preparation process of a macroelement water-soluble fertilizer for improving soil comprises the following steps:
(1) After the base fertilizer raw materials are uniformly mixed, extruding and granulating, spraying water appropriately according to the situation in the extruding and granulating process, wherein the water content is about 3wt%, and screening out particles with the particle size of 2-3 mm.
The other processes were the same as in example 4.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 is a comparative example of example 4, which differs from example 4 in that: in the step (2), the foaming process is not performed, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
a preparation process of a macroelement water-soluble fertilizer for improving soil comprises the following steps:
(1) After uniformly mixing the raw materials of the base fertilizer, extruding and granulating, spraying water appropriately according to the situation in the extruding and granulating process, wherein the water content is about 3wt%, and screening out particles with the particle size of 2-3mm;
(2) Dispersing polyvinyl alcohol in water, heating and stirring to prepare a polyvinyl alcohol solution with the weight percent of 12%, then adding sulfonate polyether glycol, glycerol, butanediol, modified montmorillonite, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and a foam stabilizer, and uniformly stirring to obtain a glue solution;
(3) And (3) putting the granules in the step (1) into a coating machine, coating the surfaces of the granules with glue solution for 2 times, and drying to obtain the product.
The other processes were the same as in example 4.
Comparative example 3
Comparative example 3 is a comparative example of example 4, and differs from example 4 in that no cosolvent is added to the base fertilizer, specifically as follows:
the base fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
75 parts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, 5 parts of calcium nitrate, 5 parts of magnesium sulfate, 4 parts of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 4 parts of sodium hydroxymethyl cellulose and 5 parts of organic acid.
The other processes were the same as in example 4.
And (3) performance detection:
1. dissolution rate: the time for 4g of the products prepared in examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 3, respectively, to dissolve completely in 1L of water at 25℃was measured without stirring.
Determination of the water-insoluble content: detection is performed with reference to the NY/T1973-2021 standard.
2. Anti-caking test: the samples prepared in examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 3 were packed into plastic bags in 7 groups of 500g each and sealed (3 parallel tests each), and a 60kg weight was placed on each sample to be pressurized and left standing at room temperature for 30d. And (3) respectively carrying out forward and reverse package breaking for 1 time at a position 1m away from the ground, opening the package, screening by using a 5mm standard sieve, respectively weighing the fertilizer passing through the screen and the fertilizer failing through the screen, and calculating the anti-caking rate of each bag. The test results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Performance test results
As can be seen from the detection results in Table 1, the anti-caking rate of the macroelement water-soluble fertilizer for improving the soil prepared by the application is higher than or equal to 98.8%, the anti-caking rate is fast to dissolve, the content of water-insoluble matters is less than or equal to 1%, and the technical requirements of macroelement water-soluble fertilizer for insoluble matters of NY1107-2020 can be met.
As can be seen from the test data of comparative examples 1 to 3, under the same conditions, the anti-caking rate of the fertilizer without coating treatment is far lower than that of example 4, which indicates that the coating process of the application can greatly improve the anti-caking effect, and the test data of comparative example 2, combined with the coating layer, is not subjected to foaming treatment, the anti-caking rate of the coating layer is reduced compared with that of example 4, and the dissolution time of the coating layer is greatly increased, which indicates that the foaming process of the application can improve the dissolution property and the anti-caking property of the coating layer; and the data of the comparative example 3 show that the cosolvent can improve the solubility of auxiliary materials and shorten the dissolution time.
Finally, it is noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and that other modifications and equivalents thereof by those skilled in the art should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A preparation process of a macroelement water-soluble fertilizer for improving soil is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Uniformly mixing the raw materials of the base fertilizer, extruding and granulating, wherein the particle size of the granules is 2-3mm;
(2) Dispersing polyvinyl alcohol in water, heating and stirring to prepare 11-12wt% polyvinyl alcohol solution, then adding sulfonate polyether glycol, glycerol, butanediol, modified montmorillonite, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and foam stabilizer, stirring uniformly to obtain a glue solution, and foaming the glue solution by a foaming machine to obtain a foaming solution;
the weight ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol, the sulfonate polyether glycol, the glycerol, the butanediol, the modified montmorillonite, the sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and the foam stabilizer is 11-12:2:1:1:2:0.4:0.4;
(3) The granules in the step (1) are put into a coating machine, foaming liquid is adopted to coat the surfaces of the granules, and the products are obtained after drying; the coating amount is 3-4% of the total amount of the granule;
the modified montmorillonite is prepared by the following steps:
after the montmorillonite is calcined at a high temperature of 800 ℃, the montmorillonite is dispersed in 2-3wt% of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate solution, and the solid-liquid ratio is 1:5-8, stirring for 2h at 60 ℃, drying and crushing to obtain a product;
the base fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
60-75 parts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, 2-5 parts of calcium nitrate, 2-5 parts of magnesium sulfate, 2-4 parts of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 2-4 parts of sodium hydroxymethyl cellulose, 3-5 parts of organic acid and 2-4 parts of cosolvent;
the cosolvent is prepared by the following steps:
dissolving polyethylene glycol 6000 in ethanol solution, adding sodium bicarbonate, stirring for 2-3h, drying and crushing to obtain a product, wherein the weight ratio of the polyethylene glycol 6000 to the sodium bicarbonate is 1:20-25.
2. The process for preparing the macroelement water-soluble fertilizer for improving soil according to claim 1, wherein the process comprises the following steps of: the foam stabilizer is prepared from ammonium stearate and polyoxyethylene lauryl ether in a weight ratio of 1:1, and mixing.
3. The process for preparing the macroelement water-soluble fertilizer for improving soil according to claim 1, wherein the process comprises the following steps of: the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is urea, monopotassium phosphate and potassium sulfate according to the weight ratio of 1.5-2:1:1, and mixing.
4. The process for preparing the macroelement water-soluble fertilizer for improving soil according to claim 1, wherein the process comprises the following steps of: the organic acid is citric acid, malic acid or salicylic acid.
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