CN117015859A - 用于双弯曲太阳能电池板的箔 - Google Patents

用于双弯曲太阳能电池板的箔 Download PDF

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CN117015859A
CN117015859A CN202280015595.0A CN202280015595A CN117015859A CN 117015859 A CN117015859 A CN 117015859A CN 202280015595 A CN202280015595 A CN 202280015595A CN 117015859 A CN117015859 A CN 117015859A
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杜兰达斯·科内柳斯·戴肯
亨德里克·尼古拉斯·斯林歌兰德
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Guangnian Leier Intellectual Property Capital Operation Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于双弯曲太阳能电池板的箔(100)，所述箔显示多个切口，所述切口具有两个闭合端部且将所箔分为机械互连的区域，其中所述箔包括具有第一定向的第一组切口(102)和具有第二定向的第二组切口(104)，所述切口的第一闭合端部位于第一电池单元(120)和第二电池单元(122)之间的机械互连件(110)处，并且第二闭合端部位于第三电池单元(124)和第四电池单元(126)之间的机械互连件(112)处，所述切口以所述第一电池单元(120)和所述第三电池单元(124)之间的机械互连件(114)为边界并且以所述第二电池单元(122)和所述第四电池单元(126)之间的机械互连件(116)为边界，所述切口部分地具有第一定向并且部分地具有不同的第二定向。

Description

用于双弯曲太阳能电池板的箔
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于双弯曲太阳能电池板的箔，该箔显示多个具有两个闭合端部的切口，这些切口将箔分成若干个机械互连的区域。
致谢
导致该申请的项目已获得欧盟地平线2020研究和创新计划的资助，拨款协议号为848620。
背景技术
现在，越来越多的电动车辆具有用于发电的太阳能电池板。例如放置在车辆的车顶上、与车辆的车顶集成或形成车辆的车顶的这种面板经常显示在两个方向上的至少局部弯曲。而且，建筑集成光伏系统(BIPV系统)经常用在3D曲面(即在两个方向上至少局部弯曲的表面)上。
电由太阳能电池(也称为光伏电池)产生。通常，太阳能电池为多晶硅电池或单晶硅电池，但是已知使用由其他材料制成的电池，其他材料诸如其他半导体(例如，掺杂的GaAs)或者另外的其他材料(例如，钙钛矿)。而且，已知使用具有例如铜铟镓硒(CIGS)或多晶硅的薄膜的箔。为了避免化学品或湿气造成的损坏，电池或薄膜通常被封装剂封装。
弯曲的太阳能电池板通常包括3D弯曲透明板(例如，包含玻璃或聚碳酸酯)、由结合到弯曲透明板的封装剂封装的太阳能电池以及串联(形成所谓的串)和/或并联地电互连太阳能电池的导体。互连件可通过所谓的指状电极或通过在一侧或两侧上具有金属覆层的背接触箔(BCF)而制成，金属覆层(例如薄的铜层)被图案化。
其他这样的太阳能电池板使用包括薄膜太阳能电池的箔，例如其上印刷或喷涂有钙钛矿的PET或聚酰亚胺箔。该箔可以被封装在封装剂中并被结合到透明板。
当将(封装的或未封装的)箔结合到3D曲面时，会出现问题：可能出现褶皱。
该问题从松下(Panasonic)的美国专利申请US20140130848A1中已知。US20140130848A1涉及一种包括电互连的太阳能电池的封装剂片，并且在其图3和图5中以及所附文本中描述由封装剂中的若干个平行切口分开的箔或片，切口将封装剂分成若干个条带。太阳能电池之间的电互连件使用指状电极制成。切口被提供在沿着太阳能电池串的方向上的串联的太阳能电池(所谓的串)之间。包括太阳能电池的封装剂片被结合到具有三维曲率的透明曲面。当沿着透明曲面基板的曲面结合太阳能电池片时，可以通过切口减轻在太阳能电池片的表面内部产生的应力，并且可以在减少太阳能电池片中出现的扭曲和褶皱的同时进行结合。
已知申请描述在3D平面中结合封装剂的(固化的)箔时的效果。结合更刚性的箔可能导致更多褶皱。
太阳能电池具有光敏侧和背侧。通常，第一代太阳能电池显示一个或多个位于一侧的阳极和位于另一侧的一个或多个阴极。电池单元通常通过所谓的指状电极互连(并联或串联，或者其组合)。在制成这些互连件之后，太阳能电池被密封在封装剂中。然后，以平坦平面制造的包括电池单元和封装剂的板结合到弯曲的透明板。
在太阳能电池之间的互连件通常在太阳能电池处于一个平面内(在非弯曲情况下)时制成。如果面板为平坦的，封装剂中的电池单元通常以严格的矩形阵列布置。如果面板在两个方向上弯曲(因此示出具有三维或短的3D曲率)，阵列由于曲率不再为矩形。
当将平坦的箔结合到弯曲透明平面时，会出现问题：箔中可能出现褶皱。
本发明旨在提供对所述限制的替代解决方案。
发明内容
为了解决前面提到的限制，本发明的特征在于，箔至少包括具有第一定向的第一组切口和具有第二定向的第二组切口，切口中的每一个具有两个闭合端部，第一闭合端部位于第一电池单元和第二电池单元之间的机械互连件处，并且第二闭合端部位于第三电池单元和第四电池单元之间的机械互连件处，切口以第一电池单元和第三电池单元之间的机械互连件为边界并且以第二电池单元和第四电池单元之间的机械互连件为边界，切口部分地具有第一定向并且部分地具有第二定向，第一定向不同于第二定向。
通过具有在至少两个不同定向上的切口，切口终止于电池单元的机械互连件处，并且还以机械互连件为边界，每个切口可以通过更刚性的区域的稍微旋转而变宽。以这种方式，箔类似于拉胀材料，并且在一个方向(定向)上的拉伸也导致在另一个方向(定向)上的拉伸。以这种方式，具有例如矩形形状/边界的箔可以在不改变其外边界的情况下在箔的中心区域中弯曲。
应注意，可存在另一组切口，其仅显示一个闭合端部，另一端部与箔的边界相交。这些切口也使箔的边界能够变形(弯曲)。
在一实施例中，切口为直切口，并且第一定向和第二定向相互垂直。
在该实施例中，切口将箔分成矩形或正方形区域。这对于在具有单晶太阳能电池单元(诸如但不限于Si或GaAs晶体太阳能电池)的太阳能电池板中使用的箔是特别有吸引力的，因为这些太阳能电池经常形成为正方形或矩形瓦片。优选地，这样的瓦片然后被放置在具有与瓦片本身相同或几乎相同的区域的箔上或箔中，每个瓦片对应于一个区域。优选地，所有机械互连件的区域具有相同的尺寸和轮廓。
应注意，切口不需要为直的，而是可显示起伏或弯曲。而且，使用直切口，可实现用于区域(优选四边形区域)的其他形式。
在另一实施例中，箔为背接触箔或包括背接触箔，并且切口被制成在背接触箔中。
现在，普遍使用在一侧具有阳极和阴极的太阳能电池，因为不出现指状电极的遮蔽。然后使用背接触箔电互连和机械互连太阳能电池。背接触箔通常为薄的合成箔，诸如厚度为例如200μm的PET或聚酰亚胺箔，优选地在一侧或两侧上具有用于电连接的金属覆层。金属覆层，优选为图案化的铜包层，用于形成太阳能电池之间的电互连件。金属覆层可以存在于背接触箔的一侧或两侧。导通孔可以用于将金属覆层从一侧连接到另一侧。这些技术在印刷电路板(PCB)和柔性电路板(FCB)中为公知的。
应注意，箔(诸如PET或聚酰亚胺箔的合成箔)通常具有200μm或更大的厚度。当使这样的箔以3D曲率变形时，可能出现褶皱，但是仅使小得多的机械互连件变形大大减少了褶皱。
在又一实施例中，箔包括薄膜太阳能电池，并且切口被制成在薄膜太阳能电池中。
薄膜太阳能电池通常包括箔，在该箔上例如通过喷涂施加光伏材料。光伏材料可为例如碲化镉(CdTe)、铜铟镓二硒化物(CIGS)、非晶薄膜硅(a-Si，TF-Si)或钙钛矿。通过在该箔中制成切口，制成薄膜太阳能箔，其可以在箔制成之后以3D弯曲形式形成。
在又一实施例中，箔包括封装剂并且切口被制成在封装剂中。
在该实施例中，箔为封装剂。特别是当封装剂固化时，它变为刚性的并且显示较小的柔性，并且可能有必要通过在其中制成切口来再次使其更柔性。
在其他实施例中，太阳能电池板、车辆或建筑集成光伏系统包括根据本发明的箔。
附图说明
现在使用附图阐明本发明，图中相同的附图标记表示相应的特征。为此：
图1示意性地示出根据本发明的具有切口的箔，以及
图2示意性地示出拉伸时的图1的箔。
具体实施方式
图1示意性地示出根据本发明的具有切口的箔。
箔100显示多个切口。切口102具有终止于电池单元120和122之间的机械互连件110的第一闭合端部110和终止于电池单元124与电池单元126之间的机械互连件112的第二闭合端部112。切口以电池单元120和124之间的机械互连件以及电池单元122和126之间的机械互连件为边界。垂直于切口102的切口104在第一端部终止于机械互连件116，该第一端部与切口102毗邻。
应注意，箔还包括仅具有一个闭合端部的切口，诸如切口106。这些切口终止于箔的边界。然而，即使当箔的边界部分没有显示这种单端切口时，也可以制成能够3D变形的箔，其中边界将保持平坦并且箔的中心部分可以以球形表面弯曲。
图2示意性地示出拉伸时的图1的箔。
箔100在x方向上拉伸。由于应力的出现，区域稍微旋转并且切口的形状从狭缝(几乎没有表面)变为钻石形(菱形)表面，也导致在y方向上的伸长。因为在x方向上的伸长需要在y方向上的伸长，所以箔可以被分类为拉胀箔，即具有负泊松比的箔。
应注意，x伸长和y伸长之间的比率取决于各区域在x和y方向上的尺寸。对于正方形区域，该比率为1，对于矩形区域，x伸长不等于y伸长。
应进一步注意，切口不需要相互垂直：也可以为其他四边形图形，诸如钻石形(菱形)形状。
为了制成切口，可以使用若干种公知的技术，诸如切割、冲压、激光切割或烧蚀、使用水射流切割等。优选地，切割不会导致切口的尖锐端部，因为这可能导致切口在机械互连件中不受控制的扩展。这最好通过导致圆形端部的切割方法或者通过制成终止于小环或弯曲部分的切口来实现。

Claims (11)

1.一种用于双弯曲太阳能电池板的箔(100)，所述箔显示多个具有两个闭合端部的切口，所述切口将所述箔分成若干个机械互连的区域，其特征在于，所述箔至少包括具有第一定向的第一组切口(102)和具有第二定向的第二组切口(104)，所述切口中的每一个具有两个闭合端部，第一闭合端部位于第一电池单元(120)和第二电池单元(122)之间的机械互连件(110)处，并且第二闭合端部位于第三电池单元(124)和第四电池单元(126)之间的机械互连件(112)处，所述切口以所述第一电池单元(120)和所述第三电池单元(124)之间的机械互连件(114)为边界并且以所述第二电池单元(122)和所述第四电池单元(126)之间的机械互连件(116)为边界，所述切口部分地具有第一定向并且部分地具有第二定向，所述第一定向不同于所述第二定向。
2.根据权利要求1所述的箔，进一步包括一个或多个切口(106)，所述切口(106)仅具有一个终止于机械互连件的闭合端部，所述切口与所述箔的边界相交。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的箔，其中所述切口为直切口，并且所述第一定向和所述第二定向相互垂直。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的箔，其中所有机械互连的区域(120，122，124，126)具有相同的尺寸和轮廓。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的箔，其中所述箔为背接触箔或包括背接触箔，并且所述切口被制成在所述背接触箔中。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的箔，其中所述背接触箔的至少一部分包括导电层。
7.根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的箔，其中所述箔包括薄膜太阳能电池，并且所述切口被制成在所述薄膜太阳能电池中。
8.根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的箔，其中所述箔包括封装剂，并且所述切口被制成在所述封装剂中。
9.一种太阳能电池板，包括根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的箔。
10.一种车辆，包括根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的箔。
11.一种建筑集成光伏系统，包括根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的箔。
CN202280015595.0A 2021-02-17 2022-02-15 用于双弯曲太阳能电池板的箔 Pending CN117015859A (zh)

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