CN117008091A - Microwave photon digital array radar system - Google Patents
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- G—PHYSICS
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of microwave photon digital array radars, in particular to a microwave photon digital array radar system which takes a microwave photon digital TR component as a core and consists of a digital end and a photon radio frequency end. The photon radio frequency end completes the generation and the reception of waveforms; the digital terminal is used for completing the control of the functions of the TR component, and comprises: the control unit is used for decomposing the control word signals output by the system display control unit into instructions for controlling all devices and respectively transmitting the instructions to the corresponding devices; the multi-output radio frequency signal source is used for outputting corresponding electric signals to corresponding parts in the photon radio frequency end according to the instruction of the control unit; the analog-to-digital converter is used for converting the echo signal output by the photon radio frequency end into a digital signal; and the echo preprocessing unit is used for receiving the digital signal output by the analog-to-digital converter and preprocessing the digital signal. The microwave photon digital array radar system can work in multiple frequency bands and large broadband.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of microwave photon digital array radars, in particular to a microwave photon digital array radar system.
Background
Radar generally achieves remote discovery and positioning of targets by emitting electromagnetic waves toward the targets, and has features of being far away, all-weather, and all-day compared to other technical means. Through century development, radars play an increasingly important role in national security guard and civilian use, and particularly, the use of radars is increasingly wide along with the interactive and integrated development of new technologies such as information technology, artificial intelligence and the like. The main motivation for the development of radar equipment is to combat the attack of weapons on the sky, which are always in rapid development. To date, radar equipment is subjected to a non-coherent system, a full-coherent system, a solid phased array system and a digital array system, the development trend is that the energy utilization efficiency is higher, the detection performance is more excellent, and the capability of adapting to complex electromagnetic environment resistance is stronger. The digital array radar represents an advanced system of the existing radar equipment, the core unit is a TR (transmit-receive) component which is realized in a digital mode, and each unit can realize high-precision control on the amplitude and the phase of a waveform before the waveform is transmitted. Compared with the original analog array radar, the digital array radar is simpler in structure (only the front end of the array antenna consisting of the signal processor and the digital TR component), has the advantages of larger dynamic range, easiness in realizing multi-beam, low loss and side lobe, low angle measurement, high precision and the like in performance, and the modularized structure also enables the digital array radar to be high in manufacturability and system reliability.
At present, the aerospace attack weapons are developed towards extremely stealth, unmanned and intelligent trends, so that the types of the weapons are more various, the movement range is wider, and serious threats are brought to national defense and municipal safety. The target can be found in time and accurately identified, so that a targeted countermeasure is adopted, and the method is an effective way for coping with the threat. This puts a requirement on the radar equipment for a tunable frequency band and a large bandwidth. The existing digital array radar is realized based on an electronic technology, and is difficult to realize multi-band and large-bandwidth work under the influence of electromagnetic compatibility and electron migration rate.
The microwave photon technology is used as the crossing field of the microwave technology and the photon technology, and the photon technology can be utilized to solve the defects of the traditional microwave electrons in the aspects of signal generation, transmission and processing, and the technology shows the technical characteristics of low phase noise, ultra wideband, multi-frequency bands and the like. Therefore, the digital TR component is built based on the microwave photon technology, and the microwave photon digital array radar system is built, so that the safety guard requirement can be met. Microwave photon digital array radars belong to microwave photon radars, and the latter have become research hotspots at home and abroad in recent years. To date, various microwave photonic radar systems have been reported, such as first-stage all-optical architecture multi-band radars (GhelfiP., laghezzaF., scottif, serafin g, capria a, pinna s, onori d, porzi c, scanfardi m, malaarne A.A furly photonics-based coherent radar system [ J ]. Nature,2014,507 (7492):341-5), ultra-wideband imaging radars (Wang a, wo J, luo x, wang y, cong w, du p, zhang J, zhao b, zhang J, zhu y, lan J, yu l.ka-band microwave photonic ultra-wideband imaging radar for capturing quantitative target information [ J ]. Op Express,2018,26 (16): 20708-17), distributed MIMO radars (Maresca s), scottif, serafin g, lembo l, maar, co, 37 h, fant, 36, and the like, microwave photonics (37J) have been demonstrated. In the aspect of microwave photon array radar, related patents (Wangkai, liu Dengbao, li Lin, wang Lei. A planar sparse light-operated phased array transmitting antenna system [ P ] with low array element number, anhui province, CN211880393U,2020-11-06; shen Mingya. A photonic microwave phased array transmitting-receiving system and method [ P ] thereof, jiangsu province, CN106027134B,2019-09-20; weiwen, jim, chen Jianping. A phased array radar receiving device based on photon parameter sampling [ P ] Shanghai city, CN109085546A, 2018-12-25) exist. In literature, the southern problem group issued successively wideband array radars based on frequency doubling and deskewing techniques ([ 1] square, gao Bindong, pan Shilong. Wideband array radars based on microwave photon frequency doubling and deskewing reception (special solicitation) [ J ]. Infrared and laser engineering, 2021,50 (07): 62-70.) and microwave photon array radars review articles (Pan S, ye X, zhang Y, et al, microwave photonic array radars [ J ]. IEEE Journal of Microwaves,2021,1 (1): 176-190.). The above patents and articles have made preliminary introduction and experimental verification on microwave photon phased array radar systems, but digital array radars based on microwave photon technology have not been reported yet.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention provides a microwave photon digital array radar system, which is used for solving the problem that the digital array radar in the prior art is realized based on an electronic technology, and is difficult to realize multi-band and large-bandwidth work under the influence of electromagnetic compatibility and electron migration rate.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a microwave photon digital array radar system, the core of which is a microwave photon digital TR module, the module is composed of a digital end and a photon radio frequency end, wherein the digital end is used for completing the control of the function of the TR module, and the system comprises:
the control unit is used for decomposing the control word signals output by the system display control unit into instructions for controlling all devices and respectively transmitting the instructions to the corresponding devices;
the multi-output radio frequency signal source is connected with the control unit and used for outputting corresponding electric signals to corresponding parts in the photon radio frequency end according to instructions of the control unit;
the analog-to-digital converter is connected with the photon radio frequency end and is used for converting an echo signal output by the photon radio frequency end into a digital signal;
and the echo preprocessing unit is connected with the analog-to-digital converter and is used for receiving the digital signal output by the analog-to-digital converter and preprocessing the digital signal.
Further, the photon radio frequency end generates a waveform through optical domain spectrum control and receives an echo through optical domain frequency conversion, and the photon radio frequency end comprises:
the laser is used for outputting single-frequency continuous light;
the first phase modulator is arranged at the output end of the laser and connected with the multi-output radio frequency signal source, and is used for receiving the signal source output by the multi-output radio frequency signal source and taking the signal source as radio frequency input; the output end of the first phase modulator is provided with a first optical filter;
the optical coupler is arranged at the output end of the first optical filter and used for dividing the optical signal output by the first phase modulator into two paths; one output end of the optical coupler is provided with an optical amplifier, the other output end of the optical coupler is provided with a third optical filter, and the optical coupler takes an optical signal output by the third optical filter as an optical local oscillation signal;
the second phase modulator is arranged at the output end of the optical amplifier and connected with the multi-output radio frequency signal source, and is used for receiving the signal source output by the multi-output radio frequency signal source and taking the signal source as a radio frequency input; the output end of the second phase modulator is provided with a second optical filter;
the optical attenuator is positioned at the output end of the second optical filter and connected with the control unit, and is used for carrying out attenuation treatment on the optical signal output by the second phase modulator;
The first photoelectric detector is arranged at the output end of the optical attenuator and used for converting an optical signal output by the optical attenuator into an electric signal, and the output end of the first photoelectric detector is provided with a first electric amplifier;
the receiving and transmitting switch is arranged at the output end of the first electric amplifier and connected with the antenna unit, and is used for transmitting the electric signal output by the first electric amplifier to the antenna unit or receiving the echo signal output by the antenna unit;
the second electric amplifier is connected with the receiving-transmitting switch and is used for amplifying echo signals output by the receiving-transmitting switch;
an intensity modulator, which is arranged at the output ends of the second electric amplifier and the third optical filter, and is used for modulating the echo signal output by the second electric amplifier to another path of light split by the optical coupler;
the second photoelectric detector is arranged at the output end of the intensity modulator and is used for converting the echo modulated optical local oscillation signal output by the intensity modulator into an electric signal; an output end of the second photoelectric detector is provided with an electric filter;
and the third electric amplifier is arranged at the output end of the electric filter and connected with the analog-to-digital converter, and is used for amplifying the electric signal output by the electric filter and transmitting the electric signal to the analog-to-digital converter.
Further, the photon radio frequency end generates a waveform through optical domain spectrum control and receives an echo through a direct acquisition mode, and the photon radio frequency end comprises:
the laser is used for outputting single-frequency continuous light;
the first phase modulator is arranged at the output end of the laser and connected with the multi-output radio frequency signal source, and is used for receiving the signal source output by the multi-output radio frequency signal source and taking the signal source as radio frequency input; the output end of the first phase modulator is provided with a first optical filter; an optical amplifier is arranged at the output end of the first optical filter;
the second phase modulator is arranged at the output end of the optical amplifier and connected with the multi-output radio frequency signal source, and is used for receiving the signal source output by the multi-output radio frequency signal source and taking the signal source as a radio frequency input; the output end of the second phase modulator is provided with a second optical filter;
the optical attenuator is positioned at the output end of the second optical filter and connected with the control unit, and is used for carrying out attenuation treatment on the optical signal output by the second phase modulator;
the first photoelectric detector is arranged at the output end of the optical attenuator and used for converting an optical signal output by the optical attenuator into an electric signal, and the output end of the first photoelectric detector is provided with a first electric amplifier;
The receiving and transmitting switch is arranged at the output end of the first electric amplifier and connected with the antenna unit, and is used for transmitting the electric signal output by the first electric amplifier to the antenna unit or receiving the echo signal output by the antenna unit;
the second electric amplifier is connected with the receiving-transmitting switch and is used for amplifying echo signals output by the receiving-transmitting switch;
and the electric filter is arranged at the output end of the second electric amplifier and connected with the analog-to-digital converter, and is used for filtering the echo signal output by the second electric amplifier and transmitting the filtered echo signal to the analog-to-digital converter.
Further, the photon radio frequency end generates a waveform through optical domain spectrum manipulation and receives an echo through an optical domain mixing mode, and the photon radio frequency end comprises:
the laser is used for outputting single-frequency continuous light;
the first phase modulator is arranged at the output end of the laser and connected with the multi-output radio frequency signal source, and is used for receiving the signal source output by the multi-output radio frequency signal source and taking the signal source as radio frequency input; the output end of the first phase modulator is provided with a first optical filter, and the output end of the first optical filter is provided with an optical amplifier;
the second phase modulator is arranged at the output end of the optical amplifier and connected with the multi-output radio frequency signal source, and is used for receiving the signal source output by the multi-output radio frequency signal source and taking the signal source as a radio frequency input; the output end of the second phase modulator is provided with a second optical filter;
The optical coupler is arranged at the output end of the second optical filter and used for dividing the optical signal output by the second phase modulator into two paths; one output end of the optical coupler is provided with an optical attenuator connected with the control unit, the other output end of the optical coupler is provided with an optical delay device, and the optical coupler takes an optical signal output by the optical delay device as an optical local oscillation signal;
the first photoelectric detector is arranged at the output end of the optical attenuator and used for converting an optical signal output by the optical attenuator into an electric signal, and the output end of the first photoelectric detector is provided with a first electric amplifier which is connected with a transmitting antenna in the antenna unit;
the second electric amplifier is connected with the receiving antenna in the antenna unit and is used for amplifying echo signals output by the receiving antenna;
an intensity modulator, which is arranged at the output ends of the second electric amplifier and the optical delay device and is used for modulating the echo signal output by the second electric amplifier to another path of light split by the optical coupler;
the second photoelectric detector is arranged at the output end of the intensity modulator and is used for converting the echo modulated optical local oscillation signal output by the intensity modulator into an electric signal; an output end of the second photoelectric detector is provided with an electric filter;
And the third electric amplifier is arranged at the output end of the electric filter and connected with the analog-to-digital converter, and is used for amplifying the electric signal output by the electric filter and transmitting the electric signal to the analog-to-digital converter.
Further, the photon radio frequency end generates a waveform through optical domain frequency multiplication operation and receives an echo through an optical domain mixing mode, and the photon radio frequency end comprises:
the laser is used for outputting single-frequency continuous light;
the first intensity modulator is arranged at the output end of the laser and connected with the multi-output radio frequency signal source, and is used for receiving the signal source output by the multi-output radio frequency signal source and taking the signal source as radio frequency input; the output end of the first intensity modulator is provided with a first optical filter;
the optical coupler is arranged at the output end of the first optical filter and used for dividing the optical signal output by the first intensity modulator into two paths; one output end of the optical coupler is provided with an optical attenuator connected with the control unit, the other output end of the optical coupler is provided with an optical delay device, and the optical coupler takes an optical signal output by the optical delay device as an optical local oscillation signal;
the first photoelectric detector is arranged at the output end of the optical attenuator and used for converting an optical signal output by the optical attenuator into an electric signal, and the output end of the first photoelectric detector is provided with a first electric amplifier which is connected with a transmitting antenna in the antenna unit;
The second electric amplifier is connected with the receiving antenna in the antenna unit and is used for amplifying echo signals output by the receiving antenna;
the second intensity modulator is arranged at the output end of the optical amplifier and connected with the multi-output radio frequency signal source, and is used for modulating the echo signal output by the second electric amplifier to another path of light split by the optical coupler;
the second photoelectric detector is arranged at the output end of the second intensity modulator and used for converting the echo modulated optical local oscillation signal output by the second intensity modulator into an electric signal; an output end of the second photoelectric detector is provided with an electric filter;
and the third electric amplifier is arranged at the output end of the electric filter and connected with the analog-to-digital converter, and is used for amplifying the electric signal output by the electric filter and transmitting the electric signal to the analog-to-digital converter.
Further, the optical attenuator location is located at any node on the optical link between the laser and the first photodetector.
Further, the photon radio frequency end is provided with a plurality of optical amplifiers and/or electric amplifiers, and the optical amplifiers and/or the electric amplifiers are respectively arranged at any node in the link in the photon radio frequency end.
Further, a plurality of optical filters are arranged in the photon radio frequency end, and the optical filters are respectively arranged at any node in a link in the photon radio frequency end.
Further, the operation of the system is based on a clock signal provided by a clock unit comprising one of a conventional crystal oscillator, an optical clock, an atomic clock or an optoelectronic oscillator.
Further, the intensity modulator comprises a phase modulator and an optical filter for modulating the echo signal amplified by the second electrical amplifier.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the beneficial effects that the method provides the construction of the microwave photon digital array TR component based on the microwave photon technology, so that the microwave photon digital array radar system is constructed, and the novel digital array radar is realized by combining the microwave photon micro-assembly or integration process, so that the method has the advantages of multiple frequency bands, large bandwidth, light weight, electromagnetic interference resistance and the like.
Furthermore, the defects of the traditional microwave electronics in signal generation, transmission and processing are overcome by utilizing photon technology, and the low phase noise, ultra-wideband and multi-band of the system are further ensured.
Furthermore, the four structures of the microwave photon digital array TR component can realize the accurate control of the amplitude and the phase of a transmitting signal, wherein the amplitude control can realize the amplitude control of a transmitting waveform through the attenuation amplitude of an optical attenuator and the output power control of a first electric amplifier; the phase control is realized by regulating and controlling the phase of the electric signal output by the multi-output radio frequency signal source, the bandwidth of the digital array radar is further improved, the frequency band of the digital array radar is increased, and the electromagnetic anti-interference performance of the digital array radar is improved while the amplitude and the phase of the transmitted signal are ensured to be accurately controlled.
Further, the four microwave photon digital array TR component structures are provided, any one or a plurality of microwave photon digital array TR component structures can be used in combination according to specific application situations, the flexibility of the microwave photon digital array is improved, the bandwidth of the digital array radar is further improved, the frequency band of the digital array radar is increased, and the electromagnetic anti-interference performance of the digital array radar is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a microwave photonic array radar system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a TR assembly for generating waveforms using optical domain spectrum manipulation and receiving echoes using optical domain frequency conversion according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a TR assembly for generating waveforms using optical domain spectrum manipulation and receiving echoes using a direct acquisition mode according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a TR assembly for generating waveforms using optical domain spectrum manipulation and receiving echoes using optical domain mixing in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a TR module for generating waveforms using optical domain frequency doubling manipulation and receiving echoes by optical domain mixing according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order that the objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent, the invention will be further described with reference to the following examples; it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are merely for explaining the technical principles of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate directions or positional relationships based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, which are merely for convenience of description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, it should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to the specific circumstances.
The microwave photon digital array radar system uses a microwave photon technology to realize a microwave photon digital TR component as a radar system core, and consists of a digital end and a photon radio frequency end constructed by the microwave photon technology.
Four implementation structures are proposed for a microwave photon digital array TR assembly in the front end of the microwave photon digital array. The four structures are realized in a mode of combining a digital technology and a microwave photon technology, and can be divided into two parts, namely a digital end and a photon radio frequency end:
the digital terminal is used for controlling the function realization of the whole TR assembly and mainly comprises a control unit, a multi-output radio frequency signal source, an analog-to-digital converter and an echo preprocessing unit.
The control unit decomposes the control digital signal sent by the system display control unit into instructions for controlling each device and sends the instructions to the corresponding devices, the multi-output radio frequency signal source generates electric signals required by the photon radio frequency end according to the instructions of the control unit, the analog-to-digital converter converts echo signals output by the photon radio frequency end into digital signals and sends the digital signals to the echo preprocessing unit for preprocessing, wherein the analog-to-digital converter can be an electric analog-to-digital converter or an optical analog-to-digital converter realized based on a microwave photon technology.
The photon radio frequency end completes the generation and the reception of waveforms, the waveform generation in the four structures is realized through optical domain spectrum processing, and the realization mode of the receiving component is respectively realized through optical domain frequency conversion, direct acquisition and optical domain mixing modes.
Referring to fig. 1, a block diagram of a microwave photonic array radar system according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: the system comprises a rear-stage signal processing module, a microwave photon digital array radar front end and an array antenna, wherein the microwave photon digital array radar front end and the array antenna are constructed by a microwave photon digital TR assembly. The latter signal processing module comprises a clock unit, an echo data processing unit and a system display control unit, wherein the clock module is realized by a crystal oscillator clock and provides a unified clock signal for the whole system, the echo data processing unit can be realized by a computer or a DSP and completes the processing of the echo received by the radar system, and the system display control unit is realized by the computer or an FPGA (field programmable gate array) module and completes the control of the workflow of the whole system, parameter setting, state, detection result and other information display. The front end of the microwave photon digital array is composed of a microwave photon digital TR component, and is based on one or more of the TR component which uses optical domain spectrum control to generate waveforms and uses optical domain frequency conversion to receive echoes, the TR component which uses optical domain spectrum control to generate waveforms and uses a direct acquisition mode to receive echoes, the TR component which uses optical domain spectrum control to generate waveforms and uses optical domain frequency mixing mode to receive echoes and the TR component which uses optical domain frequency multiplication control to generate waveforms and uses optical domain frequency mixing mode to receive echoes. The array antenna is composed of antenna array elements in a specific frequency band, and the transmission of radar waveforms and the reception of echoes are completed.
Specifically, the four microwave photon digital array radar digital receiving and transmitting components transmit waveforms, and the optical domain spectrum control mode is adopted for generating the waveforms, so that the four TR component modes adopt the same theoretical model on the generation of the transmit waveforms. The method comprises the following steps: the laser generates a single frequency continuous optical signal, which can be expressed as:
E in (t)＝E c ·exp(j2πf c t) (1)
wherein E is c And f c Representing the amplitude and frequency, respectively, of the laser output optical signal.
The microwave electric signal S1 generated by the multi-output rf signal source is a single frequency signal, which can be expressed as:
wherein V is RF1 、f 1 、The amplitude, frequency and initial phase of the microwave electrical signal S1 are represented, respectively.
The microwave electric signal S1 is loaded to the first phase modulator, and the optical signal output by the first phase modulator can be expressed as:
wherein the method comprises the steps ofRepresenting the modulation index of the signal, V π1 Is the half-wave voltage of the first phase modulator.
Using Bessel function to develop to obtain
J n () Representing a first class of n-th order bessel functions.
The first optical filter is a dual-band optical filter, and is used for selecting + -N-order optical sidebands, wherein + -N-order optical sidebands can be respectively expressed as:
the output optical signal of the first optical filter may be expressed as:
E out1 (t)＝E -N (t)+E N (t) (7)
the microwave electric signal S2 generated by the dual-output radio frequency signal source and loaded on the second phase modulator is a narrow-band linear frequency modulation signal and can be expressed as
V 2 (t)＝V RF2 cos(2πf 2 t+πμt 2 ) (8)
Wherein V is RF2 And f 2 Respectively representing the amplitude and the frequency of the microwave electric signal S2, assuming that the period of the microwave electric signal S2 is T 2 Bandwidth of B 2 Then tune the frequency
The above signal is loaded into the radio frequency input port of the second phase modulator, and the optical signal output by the second phase modulator can be expressed as:
wherein the method comprises the steps ofRepresenting the modulation index of the signal, V π2 Is the half-wave voltage of the second phase modulator.
Using Bessel function to develop to obtain
The second optical filter is a band-pass optical filter, filtering out +m-order optical sidebands and +n-order optical sidebands of the-N-order signal from the signal, the pair of optical sidebands being the pair of optical sidebands closest to the carrier signal frequency generated by the laser, the second optical filter output optical signal being expressed as:
the signal is attenuated by the optical attenuator, and the amplitude of the signal is attenuated to a certain extent and can be expressed as
Where α is the attenuation coefficient of the optical attenuator for the signal electric field strength.
The signal is sent to a first photodetector to complete the conversion from the optical signal to the electrical signal, and the output photocurrent of the first photodetector can be expressed as:
as can be seen from the formula (13), the frequency f= |2nf of the generated waveform 1 -2Mf 2 I, bandwidth b=2 MB 2 By varying f 1 ，f 2 N, M and B 2 Tuning of the bandwidth and center frequency of the generated waveform can be achieved while the amplitude of the generated waveform can be controlled by controlling the attenuation coefficient alpha of the optical attenuator by controlling the initial phase of S1The phase control of the output waveform can be realized.
The echo signal is assumed to be:
V e (t)＝V e cos[2π(f+f d )(t-τ e )+2πμ r (t-τ e ) 2 +φ] (14)
wherein τ e For target echo delay, f d Echo phase changes due to phi target reflection, which is the doppler shift caused by target motion.
When the TR assembly adopts the structure shown in fig. 2, the third optical filter is a band-pass filter, and another portion of the light coupled out from the optical coupler is filtered by the third optical filter, and the resulting signal may be expressed as:
wherein, for convenience, E is used respectively LOc0 (t) and E LO10 (t) represents the first term and the second term, representing the optical carrier and the first order optical sideband. The echo signal is modulated on the optical local oscillator by an intensity modulator to obtain
Wherein the method comprises the steps ofFor the intensity modulator used to operate at the quadrature bias point, the phase difference introduced by the two arms of the intensity modulator, a is the amplification factor of the second electrical amplifier. Let->Meanwhile, as the echo signals are weaker, the first Bessel function can be adopted to spread:
from the above, it can be seen that the result of the intensity modulation of the echo to the two optical local oscillation signals is that a group of intervals f+f are generated on both sides of the optical carrier and the first order optical sideband d +μ r (t-τ e ) When the frequency interval between the first-order optical sideband and the optical carrier is selected and the echo centerWhen the frequency f is relative, E LOc0 (t) and E LOl0 Negative 1-order sidebands of (t), E LOc0 Positive 1-order sideband sum E of (t) LOl0 (t) sending said optical signals to a second photodetector at a beat frequency in close proximity to each other, and using a low pass filter outputting electrical signals having only said two sets of electrical signals generated at a beat frequency near the sidebands, which can be expressed as:
from the above formula, when l is selected properly, the output electric signal will be the baseband signal which reserves the bandwidth of the received echo signal, and the digitization of the above signals can be realized by adopting a proper analog-to-digital converter, and the radar system formed by the components can be used for early warning, tracking, searching and other purposes.
When the TR module adopts the structure shown in fig. 3, the analog-to-digital converter at the radio frequency end directly digitizes the target echo after the amplification by the second electric amplifier and the filtration by the electric filter. The radar system formed by the components can be used for early warning, tracking, searching, imaging and other purposes.
When the TR component adopts the structure shown in FIG. 4, the optical local oscillation signal g which is output by the optical coupler and is transmitted to the intensity modulator after being delayed by the optical delay device is expressed as
Wherein τ 0 An optical delay introduced for the optical delay. In this case, 14-type rewritable is
V e (t)＝V e cos[2π(2|Nf 1 -Mf 2 |+f d )(t-τ e )+2πMμ(t-τ e ) 2 +φ]
(20)
The intensity modulator operates in quadrature, the output of which can be written as
Wherein the method comprises the steps ofFor the intensity modulator used to operate at the quadrature bias point, the phase difference introduced by the two arms of the intensity modulator, a is the amplification factor of the second electrical amplifier. Let->Meanwhile, as the echo signals are weaker, the first Bessel function can be adopted to spread:
the optical signal is sent to a second photoelectric detector for beat frequency, and an intermediate frequency component is filtered by an electric filter, and the obtained current signal gram is expressed as
The electric signals are amplified and sent to an analog-to-digital converter for digitization, and then the information of the target can be extracted through radar signal processing.
Specifically, when the TR module adopts the structure shown in fig. 5, the transmit waveform is generated by using an optical frequency multiplication method, and the echo signal is subjected to a mixing deskewing process, a theoretical model based on an optical domain six-frequency multiplication method is described in document (WangA, woJ, luoX, wangY, congW, duP, zhangJ, zhaoB, zhangJ, zhuY, lanJ, yuL.Ka-fundamental optical frequency multiplication method, optics express 2018aug6;26 (16): 20708-20717.Doi:10.1364/oe.26.020708.Pmid: 30119376), but the system in the document is a separate device construction system for imaging, which is difficult to satisfy the requirement of array radar, and the present patent proposes that the above-mentioned structure is miniaturized and applied to the array radar system.
Example 1
Please refer to fig. 2, which is a schematic structural diagram of a TR module for generating waveforms by using optical domain spectrum manipulation and receiving echoes by using optical domain frequency conversion according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein a photon radio frequency end generates waveforms by using optical domain spectrum manipulation and receives the echoes by using optical domain frequency conversion, the TR module generates waveforms by using optical domain spectrum manipulation, the echoes are received by using optical domain frequency conversion, the input of the analog-digital conversion is a low-frequency baseband signal after frequency conversion, and the radar signal is transmitted and received by using an integrated mode. The photon radio frequency end mainly comprises a laser, a first phase modulator, a first optical filter, an optical coupler, a second phase modulator, a second optical filter, an optical attenuator, a first photoelectric detector, a first electric amplifier, a transceiver switch, a second electric amplifier, an intensity modulator, a third optical filter, a second photoelectric detector, an electric filter and a third electric amplifier,
wherein the laser generates a single-frequency continuous light and sends the single-frequency continuous light to the first phase modulator, the radio frequency input of the first phase modulator is provided by a multi-output radio frequency signal source, the output of the first phase modulator is sent to the optical coupler, the optical coupler divides the light into two paths, one path is sent to the optical amplifier, the output of the optical amplifier is sent to the second phase modulator, the radio frequency input of the second phase modulator is also provided by the multi-output radio frequency signal source, the output of the second phase modulator is sent to the second optical filter, the output of the second optical filter is sent to the optical attenuator, the optical attenuator attenuates the optical signal sent by the second optical filter and then sends the optical signal to the first photoelectric detector, the first photoelectric detector converts the optical signal into an electric signal, the electric signal enters the first photoelectric amplifier to be amplified and then enters the receiving-transmitting switch, the receiving and transmitting switch works in a transmitting state, the amplified electric signal is sent to the antenna unit, when the receiving and transmitting switch works in a receiving state, the received echo signal is sent to the second electric amplifier, the echo signal amplified by the second electric amplifier is sent to the intensity modulator to be modulated to another path of light split by the optical coupler, the path of light needs to be filtered by the third optical filter before entering the intensity modulator, the optical signal output by the third optical filter enters the intensity modulator as an optical local oscillation signal, the intensity modulator sends the optical local oscillation signal after the echo modulation to the second photoelectric detector to be converted into the electric signal, and the electric signal is filtered by the electric filter and amplified by the third electric amplifier and then sent to the analog-digital converter in the digital end to be converted into the digital signal. Based on the above architecture and the signal processing flow, the laser, the first phase modulator, the first optical filter, the optical coupler, the second phase modulator, the second optical filter, the optical attenuator, the first photoelectric detector and the first electric amplifier are sequentially connected to realize the generation of radar waveforms based on the operation and the control of optical domain spectrum, the second electric amplifier, the intensity modulator, the third optical filter, the second photoelectric detector and the third electric amplifier are sequentially connected to realize the optical domain variable frequency receiving of echo signals, the optical local oscillator signals constructed by the scheme are single-frequency optical local oscillator signals, and the signals output by the photoelectric detector after the optical domain variable frequency receiving are low-frequency or baseband signals.
The intensity modulator may alternatively be implemented by a third phase modulator plus fourth optical filter combination.
The optical attenuator location may be at any node of the optical link between the laser and the first photodetector.
Preferably, optical or electrical amplifiers may be added at any of the above-described links as desired.
Preferably, optical filters can be added at any node of the link as needed to enhance the existing filtering effect.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 3, a schematic structural diagram of a TR module for generating a waveform by optical domain spectrum manipulation and receiving an echo by a direct sampling mode according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown, the TR module generates a waveform consistent with embodiment 1 by using the optical domain spectrum manipulation and receiving an echo by the direct sampling mode, the input of the analog-to-digital conversion is directly an echo signal, and the radar signal is transmitted and received in an integrated manner. Unlike in embodiment 1, the composition of the photon rf end does not include an optical coupler, a third optical filter, and an intensity modulator, and mainly includes a laser, a first phase modulator, a first optical filter, a second phase modulator, a second optical filter, an optical attenuator, a first photodetector, a first electrical amplifier, a transceiver switch, a second electrical amplifier, and an electrical filter, where the laser generates a single-frequency continuous light and sends it to the first phase modulator, the rf input of the first phase modulator is provided by a multiple-output rf signal source, the output of the first phase modulator is sent to the first optical filter, the output of the first optical filter is also provided by a multiple-output rf signal source, the output of the second phase modulator is sent to the second optical filter, the output of the second optical filter is sent to the optical attenuator, the optical attenuator attenuates the optical signal sent from the second optical filter and sends it to the first photodetector, the first electrical signal converts the optical signal to the first electrical signal to the first phase modulator, the first electrical signal is converted to an echo signal, and the second electrical signal is sent to the transceiver switch after it is amplified to a digital state after it is converted to an echo signal, and the second electrical signal is sent to a transceiver switch after it is amplified to a digital state. Based on the above architecture and the signal processing flow, the laser, the first phase modulator, the first optical filter, the second phase modulator, the second optical filter, the optical attenuator, the first photodetector and the first electric amplifier are sequentially connected to realize the generation of radar waveforms based on the operation and the control of the optical domain spectrum, and the second electric amplifier and the electric filter are sequentially connected to realize the amplification and the reception of echo signals.
The optical attenuator location may be at any node of the optical link between the laser and the first photodetector.
Preferably, optical or electrical amplifiers may be added at any of the above-described links as desired.
Preferably, optical filters can be added at any node of the link as needed to enhance the existing filtering effect.
Example 3
Referring to fig. 4, a schematic structural diagram of a TR module for generating waveforms by using optical domain spectrum manipulation and receiving echoes by using optical domain mixing mode according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown, the TR module generates waveforms by using optical domain spectrum manipulation or optical domain frequency multiplication mode, the echoes are received by using optical domain mixing mode, the input of analog-to-digital conversion is an intermediate frequency signal after mixing, and the radar signal is transmitted and received by using a discrete mode. The whole TR assembly adopts the same structure in the echo receiving process no matter in the optical domain frequency multiplication or optical domain frequency spectrum control mode. When the waveform generation adopts an optical domain spectrum control mode, the photon radio frequency end mainly comprises a laser, a first phase modulator, a first optical filter, a second phase modulator, a second optical filter, an optical coupler, an optical attenuator, a first photoelectric detector, a first electric amplifier, a second electric amplifier, an intensity modulator, an optical delay device, a second photoelectric detector, an electric filter and a third electric amplifier, wherein the laser generates a single-frequency continuous light and sends the single-frequency continuous light to the first phase modulator, the radio frequency input of the first phase modulator is provided by a multi-output radio frequency signal source, the output of the first phase modulator is sent to the first optical filter, the output of the first optical filter is sent to the second phase modulator, the radio frequency input of the second phase modulator is also provided by the multi-output radio frequency signal source, the output of the second phase modulator is sent to the second optical filter, the output of the second optical filter is sent to the optical coupler, the optical coupler divides the light into two paths, one path is sent to the optical attenuator, the optical attenuator attenuates the optical signal sent by the optical coupler and then sends the optical signal to the first photoelectric detector, the first photoelectric detector converts the optical signal into an electric signal, the electric signal enters the first electric amplifier to be amplified and then enters the transmitting antenna, the receiving antenna sends the received echo signal to the second electric amplifier, the echo signal amplified by the second electric amplifier is sent to the intensity modulator to be modulated to the other path of light separated by the optical coupler, the path of light needs to be delayed by a specific length by the optical delay before entering the intensity modulator, the optical signal output by the optical delay enters the intensity modulator as an optical local oscillation signal, the intensity modulator sends the optical local oscillation signal modulated by the echo to the second photoelectric detector to be converted into the electric signal, the signal is filtered by an electric filter and amplified by a third electric amplifier and then sent to an analog-to-digital converter at the digital end to be converted into a digital signal. Based on the architecture and the signal processing flow, in the waveform generation based on the optical domain spectrum manipulation, the laser, the first phase modulator, the optical coupler, the first optical filter, the second phase modulator, the second optical filter, the optical attenuator, the first photoelectric detector and the first electric amplifier are sequentially connected to realize the radar waveform generation based on the optical domain spectrum manipulation; the second electric amplifier, the intensity modulator, the optical delay device, the second photoelectric detector, the electric filter and the third electric amplifier are sequentially connected to realize optical domain variable frequency receiving of echo signals.
The second intensity modulator may alternatively be implemented by a third phase modulator plus a third optical filter combination.
Referring to fig. 5, which is a schematic structural diagram of a TR module for generating a waveform by using optical domain frequency multiplication operation and receiving an echo by an optical domain frequency mixing mode, when the waveform is generated by adopting the optical domain frequency multiplication mode, a photon radio frequency end mainly comprises a laser, an intensity modulator, a first optical filter, a first optical coupler, an optical attenuator, a first photoelectric detector, a transmitting antenna, a receiving antenna, a second photoelectric amplifier, a second intensity modulator, an optical delay device, a second photoelectric detector, an electric filter and an electric amplifier, wherein the laser generates a single-frequency continuous light and sends the single-frequency continuous light to the first intensity modulator, a radio frequency input of the first intensity modulator is provided by a multi-output radio frequency signal source, an output of the first intensity modulator is sent to the first optical filter, an output of the first optical filter is sent to the first optical coupler, the first optical coupler divides light into two paths, the optical attenuator attenuates an optical signal sent by the first optical coupler and sends the optical signal to the first photoelectric detector, the first photoelectric detector converts the optical signal into an electrical signal, the first optical delay device sends the electrical signal into a specific optical signal to the second optical delay device, and sends the second echo signal to the second optical delay device to the second optical amplifier after the second optical delay device enters the second optical delay device, the specific optical delay device is sent to the second echo signal is sent to the second optical amplifier, the specific optical delay device is sent to the second echo signal is sent to the second optical delay device, the second echo signal is sent to the second optical delay device is sent to the second optical signal, and the specific signal is sent to the second optical delay device, and the optical signal is sent to the first optical signal, and to the optical signal is two, and has been divided to the optical and to the optical has been two, the signal is filtered by an electric filter and amplified by a third electric amplifier and then sent to an analog-to-digital converter at the digital end to be converted into a digital signal. Based on the architecture and the signal processing flow, in the structure based on the optical frequency multiplication waveform generation, the laser, the first intensity modulator, the first optical filter, the first optical coupler, the optical attenuator, the first photoelectric detector and the first electric amplifier are sequentially connected to realize the radar waveform generation based on the optical domain spectrum control; the second electric amplifier, the second intensity modulator, the optical delay device, the second photoelectric detector, the electric filter and the third electric amplifier are sequentially connected to realize optical domain variable frequency receiving of the echo signals, and the receiving mode is the same as the framework when the optical domain spectrum control mode is adopted. The optical local oscillator signals constructed by the two schemes are sweep frequency optical local oscillator signals, and the signals output by the photoelectric detector after optical domain frequency conversion reception are single-frequency intermediate frequency signals.
The second intensity modulator may alternatively be implemented by a first phase modulator plus a second optical filter combination.
In both schemes of example 3:
the optical attenuator location may be at any node of the optical link between the laser and the first photodetector.
Preferably, optical or electrical amplifiers may be added at any of the above-described links as desired.
Preferably, optical filters can be added at any node of the link as needed to enhance the existing filtering effect.
In the system architecture level, the whole radar system taking the microwave photon digital array TR component as a core comprises a rear-stage signal processing module, a microwave photon digital array radar front end constructed by the microwave photon digital array TR component and an array antenna. The latter signal processing module comprises a clock unit, an echo data processing unit and a system display control unit, wherein the clock module provides a unified clock signal for the whole system, the echo data processing unit finishes the processing of the echo received by the radar system, and the system display control unit finishes the control of the whole system workflow, parameter setting and information display of states, detection results and the like. The front end of the microwave photon digital array is formed by a plurality of microwave photon digital TR components with four structures, so that the generation and the reception of specific time, frequency, power and phase parameter waveforms are realized. The array antenna is composed of antenna array elements in a specific frequency band, and the transmission of radar waveforms and the reception of echoes are completed. The working flow of the whole system is as follows: the system display control unit sends parameter control instructions to the front end of the microwave photon digital array according to task requirements, each TR component in the latter generates a radar waveform with required specific amplitude, phase and frequency parameters according to the instructions, the radar waveform is sent to an antenna unit in an array antenna, and the antenna array element radiates radar signals into space; after target reflection (secondary radiation), the antenna array element sends the received echo to the TR component, the TR component directly or after preliminary processing carries out analog-to-digital conversion on the received echo, the digital echo signal obtained by conversion is sent to an echo data processing unit in a post-stage signal processing module, and the echo data processing unit completes the work of IQ phase discrimination processing, digital beam forming, target information extraction and the like and sends information of the target information and the like to a system display control unit for display; the workflow of the whole system is realized by taking the clock signal provided by the clock unit as a reference.
The clock unit can be one of a traditional crystal oscillator, an optical clock and an atomic clock, and can also be an optoelectronic oscillator or other photo-generated reference signal sources.
The array antenna can be a traditional antenna realized by metal or a dielectric plate, and can also be an antenna array plane realized based on metamaterial.
The microwave photon digital array TR component is small in size when being concretely realized, and the miniaturization and miniaturization of the component can be realized through a micro-assembly process or a microwave photon integration process. Micro-assembly refers to three-dimensional assembly after miniaturization of an optical device, so that the whole TR assembly is smaller in size; the microwave photon integration process is to integrate the related digital end and photon radio frequency end together by adopting heterogeneous integration process, so that the whole TR assembly is smaller in size.
Thus far, the technical solution of the present invention has been described in connection with the preferred embodiments shown in the drawings, but it is easily understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to these specific embodiments. Equivalent modifications and substitutions for related technical features may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the present invention, and such modifications and substitutions will be within the scope of the present invention.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention; various modifications and variations of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a microwave photon digital array radar system which is characterized in that, including being used for as the digital end and the photon radio frequency end of microwave photon digital TR subassembly, wherein, the digital end is used for accomplishing the control to TR subassembly function, includes:
the control unit is used for decomposing the control word signals output by the system display control unit into instructions for controlling all devices and respectively transmitting the instructions to the corresponding devices;
the multi-output radio frequency signal source is connected with the control unit and used for outputting corresponding electric signals to corresponding parts in the photon radio frequency end according to instructions of the control unit;
the analog-to-digital converter is connected with the photon radio frequency end and is used for converting an echo signal output by the photon radio frequency end into a digital signal;
and the echo preprocessing unit is connected with the analog-to-digital converter and is used for receiving the digital signal output by the analog-to-digital converter and preprocessing the digital signal.
2. The microwave photonic digital array radar system of claim 1 wherein the photonic radio frequency end generates waveforms through optical domain spectrum manipulation and receives echoes through optical domain frequency conversion, comprising:
the laser is used for outputting single-frequency continuous light;
the first phase modulator is arranged at the output end of the laser and connected with the multi-output radio frequency signal source, and is used for receiving the signal source output by the multi-output radio frequency signal source and taking the signal source as radio frequency input; the output end of the first phase modulator is provided with a first optical filter;
the optical coupler is arranged at the output end of the first optical filter and used for dividing the optical signal output by the first phase modulator into two paths; one output end of the optical coupler is provided with an optical amplifier, the other output end of the optical coupler is provided with a third optical filter, and the optical coupler takes an optical signal output by the third optical filter as an optical local oscillation signal;
the second phase modulator is arranged at the output end of the optical amplifier and connected with the multi-output radio frequency signal source, and is used for receiving the signal source output by the multi-output radio frequency signal source and taking the signal source as a radio frequency input; the output end of the second phase modulator is provided with a second optical filter;
The optical attenuator is positioned at the output end of the second optical filter and connected with the control unit, and is used for carrying out attenuation treatment on the optical signal output by the second phase modulator;
the first photoelectric detector is arranged at the output end of the optical attenuator and used for converting an optical signal output by the optical attenuator into an electric signal, and the output end of the first photoelectric detector is provided with a first electric amplifier;
a receiving/transmitting switch arranged at the output end of the first electric amplifier and connected with the antenna unit for connecting
The electric signal output by the first electric amplifier is transmitted to the antenna unit or receives the echo signal output by the antenna unit;
the second electric amplifier is connected with the receiving-transmitting switch and is used for amplifying echo signals output by the receiving-transmitting switch;
an intensity modulator, which is arranged at the output ends of the second electric amplifier and the third optical filter, and is used for modulating the echo signal output by the second electric amplifier to another path of light split by the optical coupler;
the second photoelectric detector is arranged at the output end of the intensity modulator and is used for converting the echo modulated optical local oscillation signal output by the intensity modulator into an electric signal; an output end of the second photoelectric detector is provided with an electric filter;
And the third electric amplifier is arranged at the output end of the electric filter and connected with the analog-to-digital converter, and is used for amplifying the electric signal output by the electric filter and transmitting the electric signal to the analog-to-digital converter.
3. The microwave photonic digital array radar system of claim 1 wherein the photonic radio frequency end generates waveforms through optical domain spectrum manipulation and receives echoes through direct acquisition, comprising:
the laser is used for outputting single-frequency continuous light;
the first phase modulator is arranged at the output end of the laser and connected with the multi-output radio frequency signal source, and is used for receiving the signal source output by the multi-output radio frequency signal source and taking the signal source as radio frequency input; the output end of the first phase modulator is provided with a first optical filter; an optical amplifier is arranged at the output end of the first optical filter;
the second phase modulator is arranged at the output end of the optical amplifier and connected with the multi-output radio frequency signal source, and is used for receiving the signal source output by the multi-output radio frequency signal source and taking the signal source as a radio frequency input; the output end of the second phase modulator is provided with a second optical filter;
the optical attenuator is positioned at the output end of the second optical filter and connected with the control unit, and is used for carrying out attenuation treatment on the optical signal output by the second phase modulator;
The first photoelectric detector is arranged at the output end of the optical attenuator and used for converting an optical signal output by the optical attenuator into an electric signal, and the output end of the first photoelectric detector is provided with a first electric amplifier;
the receiving and transmitting switch is arranged at the output end of the first electric amplifier and connected with the antenna unit, and is used for transmitting the electric signal output by the first electric amplifier to the antenna unit or receiving the echo signal output by the antenna unit;
the second electric amplifier is connected with the receiving-transmitting switch and is used for amplifying echo signals output by the receiving-transmitting switch;
and the electric filter is arranged at the output end of the second electric amplifier and connected with the analog-to-digital converter, and is used for filtering the echo signal output by the second electric amplifier and transmitting the filtered echo signal to the analog-to-digital converter.
4. The microwave photonic digital array radar system of claim 1 wherein the photonic radio frequency end generates waveforms through optical domain spectrum manipulation and receives echoes through optical domain mixing, comprising:
the laser is used for outputting single-frequency continuous light;
the first phase modulator is arranged at the output end of the laser and connected with the multi-output radio frequency signal source, and is used for receiving the signal source output by the multi-output radio frequency signal source and taking the signal source as radio frequency input; the output end of the first phase modulator is provided with a first optical filter, and the output end of the first optical filter is provided with an optical amplifier;
The second phase modulator is arranged at the output end of the optical amplifier and connected with the multi-output radio frequency signal source, and is used for receiving the signal source output by the multi-output radio frequency signal source and taking the signal source as a radio frequency input; the output end of the second phase modulator is provided with a second optical filter;
the optical coupler is arranged at the output end of the second optical filter and used for dividing the optical signal output by the second phase modulator into two paths; one output end of the optical coupler is provided with an optical attenuator connected with the control unit, the other output end of the optical coupler is provided with an optical delay device, and the optical coupler takes an optical signal output by the optical delay device as an optical local oscillation signal;
the first photoelectric detector is arranged at the output end of the optical attenuator and used for converting an optical signal output by the optical attenuator into an electric signal, and the output end of the first photoelectric detector is provided with a first electric amplifier which is connected with a transmitting antenna in the antenna unit;
the second electric amplifier is connected with the receiving antenna in the antenna unit and is used for amplifying echo signals output by the receiving antenna;
an intensity modulator, which is arranged at the output ends of the second electric amplifier and the optical delay device and is used for modulating the echo signal output by the second electric amplifier to another path of light split by the optical coupler;
The second photoelectric detector is arranged at the output end of the intensity modulator and is used for converting the echo modulated optical local oscillation signal output by the intensity modulator into an electric signal; an output end of the second photoelectric detector is provided with an electric filter;
and the third electric amplifier is arranged at the output end of the electric filter and connected with the analog-to-digital converter, and is used for amplifying the electric signal output by the electric filter and transmitting the electric signal to the analog-to-digital converter.
5. The microwave photonic digital array radar system of claim 1 wherein the photonic radio frequency end generates waveforms by optical domain frequency multiplication manipulation and receives echoes by optical domain mixing, comprising:
the laser is used for outputting single-frequency continuous light;
the first intensity modulator is arranged at the output end of the laser and connected with the multi-output radio frequency signal source, and is used for receiving the signal source output by the multi-output radio frequency signal source and taking the signal source as radio frequency input; the output end of the first intensity modulator is provided with a first optical filter;
the optical coupler is arranged at the output end of the first optical filter and used for dividing the optical signal output by the first intensity modulator into two paths; one output end of the optical coupler is provided with an optical attenuator connected with the control unit, the other output end of the optical coupler is provided with an optical delay device, and the optical coupler takes an optical signal output by the optical delay device as an optical local oscillation signal;
The first photoelectric detector is arranged at the output end of the optical attenuator and used for converting an optical signal output by the optical attenuator into an electric signal, and the output end of the first photoelectric detector is provided with a first electric amplifier which is connected with a transmitting antenna in the antenna unit;
the second electric amplifier is connected with the receiving antenna in the antenna unit and is used for amplifying echo signals output by the receiving antenna;
the second intensity modulator is arranged at the output end of the optical amplifier and connected with the multi-output radio frequency signal source, and is used for modulating the echo signal output by the second electric amplifier to another path of light split by the optical coupler;
the second photoelectric detector is arranged at the output end of the second intensity modulator and used for converting the echo modulated optical local oscillation signal output by the second intensity modulator into an electric signal; an output end of the second photoelectric detector is provided with an electric filter;
and the third electric amplifier is arranged at the output end of the electric filter and connected with the analog-to-digital converter, and is used for amplifying the electric signal output by the electric filter and transmitting the electric signal to the analog-to-digital converter.
6. A microwave photonic digital array radar system according to any of claims 1-5 and wherein said optical attenuator location is located at any node on the optical link between said laser and said first photodetector.
7. A microwave photonic digital array radar system according to any of claims 1-5 wherein a number of optical and/or electrical amplifiers are provided in the photonic radio frequency end, each of the optical and/or electrical amplifiers being provided at any node within a link in the photonic radio frequency end.
8. The microwave photon digital array radar system according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein a plurality of optical filters are arranged in the photon radio frequency end, and each optical filter is arranged at any node in a link in the photon radio frequency end.
9. The microwave photonic digital array radar system according to any of claims 1-5, wherein the operation of the system is referenced to a clock signal provided by a clock unit comprising one of a conventional crystal oscillator, an optical clock, an atomic clock or an optoelectronic oscillator.
10. The microwave-photonic digital array radar system according to any one of claims 2, 4, 5, wherein an intensity modulator comprises a phase modulator and an optical filter to modulate the echo signal amplified by the second electrical amplifier.
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