CN117007633A - Expanded perlite apparent heat conductivity measurer for liquid hydrogen storage spherical tank and measuring method thereof - Google Patents
Expanded perlite apparent heat conductivity measurer for liquid hydrogen storage spherical tank and measuring method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006200 vaporizer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007707 calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009781 safety test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
- G01N25/18—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating thermal conductivity
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
- G01N25/20—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种液氢贮存球罐用膨胀珍珠岩表观热导率测量器及其测量方法，包括氦液化回收循环系统和量热器，所述氦液化回收循环系统通过管体a与量热器输入端相连，量热器的输出端通过管体b连接有质量流量计。本发明提出液氢温区导热系数试验方法，并且针对测试温区的改变设计导热系数测量装置，使其满足更低温区绝热用膨胀珍珠岩绝热性能的试验要求，为液氢温区低温装置绝热用膨胀珍珠岩提供标准依据。扩展对各种低温容器绝热性能基础数据的检测覆盖面，填补真空粉末材料在液氢温区的测试标准空白，并为液氢容器的测试需求提前做好检测能力储备，有力促进产业的高质量发展。
The invention discloses an expanded perlite apparent thermal conductivity measuring device for liquid hydrogen storage spherical tanks and a measuring method thereof, which includes a helium liquefaction recovery circulation system and a calorimeter. The helium liquefaction recovery circulation system connects The input end of the calorimeter is connected, and the output end of the calorimeter is connected to a mass flow meter through the tube b. The present invention proposes a test method for thermal conductivity in the liquid hydrogen temperature zone, and designs a thermal conductivity measuring device for changes in the test temperature zone, so that it can meet the test requirements for the thermal insulation performance of expanded perlite for thermal insulation in lower temperature zones, and provide thermal insulation for low-temperature devices in the liquid hydrogen temperature zone. Use expanded perlite to provide a standard basis. Expand the testing coverage of basic data on the insulation performance of various low-temperature containers, fill the gap in testing standards for vacuum powder materials in the liquid hydrogen temperature zone, and reserve testing capabilities in advance for the testing needs of liquid hydrogen containers, effectively promoting the high-quality development of the industry .
Description
技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及安全测试技术领域，尤其涉及一种液氢贮存球罐用膨胀珍珠岩表观热导率测量器及其测量方法。The invention relates to the technical field of safety testing, and in particular to an expanded perlite apparent thermal conductivity measuring device for liquid hydrogen storage spherical tanks and a measuring method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
液化储氢由于其储氢密度高、运输效率高、储运压力低等优势，被看作是氢能规模化储运供应的理想方式，是支撑我国氢能产业发展的关键保障。液氢在1个标准大气压下的沸点为20.2K，汽化潜热小，极少量的漏热就会引起储罐内液氢蒸发、沸腾，且液氢易燃易爆，还可能带来燃烧或蒸汽爆炸的风险。不仅如此，在大型液氢装置中，由于真空腔体积庞大，若采用真空多层绝热技术需要达到1×10-3Pa的真空度，将对真空腔的漏率以及真空泵的抽速提出极高的要求，设备成本、操作成本高昂。相比之下，以膨胀珍珠岩为代表的真空粉末绝热技术仅需要达到1×10-1Pa级别，粉末填充简单易行，是一种低成本替代方案，具有较为广阔的应用前景。Due to its advantages such as high hydrogen storage density, high transportation efficiency, and low storage and transportation pressure, liquefied hydrogen storage is regarded as an ideal method for large-scale storage and transportation supply of hydrogen energy, and is a key guarantee to support the development of my country's hydrogen energy industry. The boiling point of liquid hydrogen at 1 standard atmospheric pressure is 20.2K. The latent heat of vaporization is small. A very small amount of heat leakage will cause the liquid hydrogen in the storage tank to evaporate and boil. Moreover, liquid hydrogen is flammable and explosive, and may also cause combustion or steam. Risk of explosion. Not only that, in large-scale liquid hydrogen devices, due to the huge volume of the vacuum chamber, if vacuum multi-layer insulation technology is used to achieve a vacuum degree of 1×10-3Pa, it will impose extremely high requirements on the leakage rate of the vacuum chamber and the pumping speed of the vacuum pump. requirements, equipment costs, and operating costs are high. In contrast, vacuum powder insulation technology represented by expanded perlite only needs to reach the 1×10-1Pa level. Powder filling is simple and easy. It is a low-cost alternative and has broad application prospects.
空气分离设备冷箱、低温液体容器及其他低温装置绝热用膨胀珍珠岩导热系数的测量方法最低测量范围为77K-常温，无法作为评判更低温度下使用的膨胀珍珠岩绝热性能好坏的依据。而液氦在1个标准大气压下的沸点为4.2K，覆盖液氢温区，可将液氦作为工质测量低温装置绝热用膨胀珍珠岩导热系数从而弥补现有标准在温区上的不足。The minimum measurement range of the thermal conductivity of expanded perlite used for thermal insulation of air separation equipment cold boxes, cryogenic liquid containers and other low-temperature devices is 77K-normal temperature, which cannot be used as a basis for judging the thermal insulation performance of expanded perlite used at lower temperatures. The boiling point of liquid helium at 1 standard atmosphere is 4.2K, covering the liquid hydrogen temperature zone. Liquid helium can be used as a working fluid to measure the thermal conductivity of expanded perlite for thermal insulation of cryogenic devices, thus making up for the shortcomings of existing standards in the temperature zone.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是为了解决现有技术中存在的缺点，而提出的一种液氢贮存球罐用膨胀珍珠岩表观热导率测量器及其测量方法。The purpose of the present invention is to propose an expanded perlite apparent thermal conductivity measuring device for liquid hydrogen storage spherical tanks and a measuring method thereof in order to solve the shortcomings existing in the prior art.
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用了如下技术方案：In order to achieve the above objects, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
一种液氢贮存球罐用膨胀珍珠岩表观热导率测量器，包括氦液化回收循环系统和量热器，所述氦液化回收循环系统通过管体a与量热器输入端相连，量热器的输出端通过管体b连接有质量流量计，质量流量计上分别安装有温度计和大气压力计，管体b上安装有汽化器。An expanded perlite apparent thermal conductivity measuring device for liquid hydrogen storage spherical tanks, including a helium liquefaction recovery circulation system and a calorimeter. The helium liquefaction recovery circulation system is connected to the input end of the calorimeter through tube a, and the measurement The output end of the heater is connected to a mass flow meter through the tube b. The mass flow meter is equipped with a thermometer and an atmospheric pressure meter respectively. The tube b is equipped with a vaporizer.
优选地，所述量热器包括测试腔外筒体和连接在其顶部的加砂盖，测试腔外筒体内装填有膨胀珍珠岩，膨胀珍珠岩中心埋设有测量段直筒，测量段直筒内分别设有测量段进液管和测量段出气管，测量段出气管上套设有保护段直筒，管体a与测量段进液管相连，测量段出气管与管体b相连，测试腔外筒体设有恒温结构。Preferably, the calorimeter includes an outer cylinder of the test chamber and a sand-added cover connected to the top of the test chamber. The outer cylinder of the test chamber is filled with expanded perlite, and a measuring section straight cylinder is buried in the center of the expanded perlite. The measuring section straight cylinder is filled with There is a measuring section liquid inlet pipe and a measuring section air outlet pipe. The measuring section air outlet pipe is covered with a protective section straight tube. The tube body a is connected to the measuring section liquid inlet pipe. The measuring section air outlet pipe is connected to the tube body b. The outer cylinder of the test chamber The body has a constant temperature structure.
优选地，所述恒温结构包括罩设在测试腔外筒体外部的恒温水套，恒温水套上设有恒温水入口，恒温水套内部设有恒温控制组件。Preferably, the constant temperature structure includes a constant temperature water jacket covering the outside of the outer cylinder of the test chamber. The constant temperature water jacket is provided with a constant temperature water inlet, and a constant temperature control component is provided inside the constant temperature water jacket.
优选地，所述测试腔外筒体和加砂盖通过外腔体法兰上和外腔体法兰下相连。Preferably, the outer cylinder of the test chamber and the sand-added cover are connected through the outer flange of the outer chamber and the lower part of the outer chamber flange.
优选地，所述测试腔外筒体的上下两端分别设有恒温水套上法兰和恒温水套下法兰。Preferably, the upper and lower ends of the outer cylinder of the test chamber are respectively provided with an upper flange of the constant temperature water jacket and a lower flange of the constant temperature water jacket.
优选地，该测量方法包括如下步骤：Preferably, the measurement method includes the following steps:
步骤一：将膨胀珍珠岩粉末样品混合后，在383K±5K(110℃±5℃)温度下每隔2h称重，烘干至恒重，随后移至干燥器中冷却至室温；Step 1: After mixing the expanded perlite powder sample, weigh it every 2 hours at a temperature of 383K±5K (110℃±5℃), dry it to constant weight, and then move it to a desiccator to cool to room temperature;
步骤二：烘干后的试样装入量热器夹层空间，摇动并充分振实，直至夹层空间充满后立即封闭加砂盖；Step 2: Put the dried sample into the mezzanine space of the calorimeter, shake and fully vibrate until the mezzanine space is full, and immediately close the sand cover;
步骤三：将恒温水套温度保持在293K(20℃)，将测量段进液管和保护段直筒装满液氦，保护段直筒的液氦蒸发给测量段出气管上侧提供恒定温度；Step 3: Keep the temperature of the constant temperature water jacket at 293K (20°C), fill the liquid inlet pipe of the measurement section and the straight tube of the protection section with liquid helium, and the liquid helium in the straight tube of the protection section evaporates to provide a constant temperature on the upper side of the outlet pipe of the measurement section;
步骤四：液氦蒸发量测量；Step 4: Measurement of liquid helium evaporation;
1)采用大气压力计测量并记录环境大气压P；1) Use an atmospheric pressure gauge to measure and record the ambient atmospheric pressure P;
2)每隔15min记录一次气体质量流量计出口处温度T1与压力P1；2) Record the temperature T 1 and pressure P 1 at the outlet of the gas mass flow meter every 15 minutes;
3)每隔15min记录一次气体质量流量计的流量，当一个小时内任意两个时间间隔流量变化均小于5％时，认定系统达到稳定，开始测量并记录接下来2h的流量，以此计算平均流量qm；3) Record the flow rate of the gas mass flow meter every 15 minutes. When the flow rate changes at any two time intervals within an hour are less than 5%, the system is deemed to be stable and the flow rate for the next 2 hours is measured and recorded to calculate the average. flow qm ;
4)当系统达到稳态后，每隔15min记录一次试样的冷边界温度Tc和热边界温度Th，连续记录2h；4) When the system reaches a steady state, record the cold boundary temperature T c and thermal boundary temperature T h of the sample every 15 minutes for 2 hours continuously;
步骤五：数据分析与处理；Step 5: Data analysis and processing;
传入量热器的热量均为径向热量，膨胀珍珠岩的平均导热系数λ按如下公式计算：The heat introduced into the calorimeter is all radial heat. The average thermal conductivity λ of expanded perlite is calculated according to the following formula:
步骤六：试验记录与试验报告。Step 6: Test records and test reports.
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：本发明提出液氢温区导热系数试验方法，并且针对测试温区的改变设计导热系数测量装置，使其满足更低温区绝热用膨胀珍珠岩绝热性能的试验要求，为液氢温区低温装置绝热用膨胀珍珠岩提供标准依据。扩展对各种低温容器绝热性能基础数据的检测覆盖面，填补真空粉末材料在液氢温区的测试标准空白，并为液氢容器的测试需求提前做好检测能力储备，有力促进产业的高质量发展。Compared with the existing technology, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: the present invention proposes a thermal conductivity test method in the liquid hydrogen temperature zone, and designs a thermal conductivity measuring device according to changes in the test temperature zone, so that it can meet the needs of expanded perlite for thermal insulation in lower temperature zones. The test requirements for thermal insulation performance provide a standard basis for expanded perlite used for thermal insulation of low-temperature devices in liquid hydrogen temperature zones. Expand the testing coverage of basic data on the insulation performance of various low-temperature containers, fill the gap in testing standards for vacuum powder materials in the liquid hydrogen temperature zone, and reserve testing capabilities in advance for the testing needs of liquid hydrogen containers, effectively promoting the high-quality development of the industry .
附图说明Description of the drawings
为了更具体直观地说明本发明实施例或者现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简要介绍。In order to more specifically and intuitively explain the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art.
图1为本发明提出的原理结构示意图；Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the principle structure proposed by the present invention;
图2为量热器的结构示意图。Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the calorimeter.
图中：氦液化回收循环系统1、量热器2、加砂盖201、外腔体法兰上202、外腔体法兰下203、测试腔外筒体204、恒温水套上法兰205、恒温水套206、膨胀珍珠岩207、保护段直筒208、测量段出气管209、测量段进液管210、测量段直筒211、恒温水入口212、恒温水套下法兰213、汽化器3、温度计4、大气压力计5、质量流量计6。In the picture: Helium liquefaction recovery circulation system 1, calorimeter 2, sand adding cover 201, outer cavity flange upper 202, outer cavity flange lower 203, test chamber outer cylinder 204, constant temperature water jacket upper flange 205 , Constant temperature water jacket 206, expanded perlite 207, protection section straight tube 208, measuring section air outlet pipe 209, measuring section liquid inlet pipe 210, measuring section straight tube 211, constant temperature water inlet 212, constant temperature water jacket lower flange 213, vaporizer 3, Thermometer 4, barometric pressure meter 5, mass flow meter 6.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them.
参照图1-2，一种液氢贮存球罐用膨胀珍珠岩表观热导率测量器，包括氦液化回收循环系统1和量热器2，氦液化回收循环系统1通过管体a与量热器2输入端相连，量热器2的输出端通过管体b连接有质量流量计6，质量流量计6上分别安装有温度计4和大气压力计5，管体b上安装有汽化器3。Referring to Figure 1-2, an expanded perlite apparent thermal conductivity measuring device for liquid hydrogen storage spherical tanks includes a helium liquefaction recovery circulation system 1 and a calorimeter 2. The helium liquefaction recovery circulation system 1 passes through the tube body a and measures The input end of the heater 2 is connected, and the output end of the calorimeter 2 is connected to a mass flow meter 6 through the tube b. The mass flow meter 6 is equipped with a thermometer 4 and an atmospheric pressure meter 5 respectively. A vaporizer 3 is installed on the tube b.
本实施方案中，量热器2包括测试腔外筒体204和连接在其顶部的加砂盖201，测试腔外筒体204内装填有膨胀珍珠岩207，膨胀珍珠岩207中心埋设有测量段直筒211，测量段直筒211内分别设有测量段进液管210和测量段出气管209，测量段出气管209上套设有保护段直筒208，管体a与测量段进液管210相连，测量段出气管209与管体b相连，测试腔外筒体204设有恒温结构。In this embodiment, the calorimeter 2 includes a test chamber outer cylinder 204 and a sand-added cover 201 connected to the top. The test chamber outer cylinder 204 is filled with expanded perlite 207, and a measurement section is buried in the center of the expanded perlite 207. The straight tube 211 of the measuring section is provided with a measuring section liquid inlet pipe 210 and a measuring section air outlet pipe 209 respectively. The measuring section air outlet pipe 209 is covered with a protective section straight tube 208. The tube body a is connected to the measuring section liquid inlet pipe 210. The air outlet pipe 209 of the measurement section is connected to the tube body b, and the outer cylinder 204 of the test chamber is provided with a constant temperature structure.
本实施方案中，恒温结构包括罩设在测试腔外筒体204外部的恒温水套206，恒温水套206上设有恒温水入口212，恒温水套206内部设有恒温控制组件，测试腔外筒体204和加砂盖201通过外腔体法兰上202和外腔体法兰下203相连，测试腔外筒体204的上下两端分别设有恒温水套上法兰205和恒温水套下法兰213。In this embodiment, the constant temperature structure includes a constant temperature water jacket 206 located outside the outer cylinder 204 of the test chamber. The constant temperature water jacket 206 is provided with a constant temperature water inlet 212. The constant temperature water jacket 206 is provided with a constant temperature control component inside. Outside the test chamber The cylinder 204 and the sand-adding cover 201 are connected through the outer cavity flange upper 202 and the outer cavity lower flange 203. The upper and lower ends of the outer cylinder 204 of the test chamber are respectively provided with a constant temperature water jacket upper flange 205 and a constant temperature water jacket. Lower flange 213.
本实施方案中，该测量方法包括如下步骤：In this embodiment, the measurement method includes the following steps:
步骤一：将膨胀珍珠岩粉末样品混合后，在383K±5K(110℃±5℃)温度下每隔2h称重，烘干至恒重，随后移至干燥器中冷却至室温；Step 1: After mixing the expanded perlite powder sample, weigh it every 2 hours at a temperature of 383K±5K (110℃±5℃), dry it to constant weight, and then move it to a desiccator to cool to room temperature;
步骤二：烘干后的试样装入量热器2夹层空间，摇动并充分振实，直至夹层空间充满后立即封闭加砂盖201；Step 2: Put the dried sample into the interlayer space of calorimeter 2, shake and fully vibrate until the interlayer space is full, and immediately close the sand-added cover 201;
步骤三：将恒温水套206温度保持在293K(20℃)，将测量段进液管210和保护段直筒208装满液氦，保护段直筒208的液氦蒸发给测量段出气管209上侧提供恒定温度；Step 3: Keep the temperature of the constant temperature water jacket 206 at 293K (20°C), fill the measuring section liquid inlet pipe 210 and the protection section straight tube 208 with liquid helium, and the liquid helium in the protection section straight tube 208 evaporates to the upper side of the measuring section outlet pipe 209 Provide constant temperature;
步骤四：液氦蒸发量测量；Step 4: Measurement of liquid helium evaporation;
1)采用大气压力计测量并记录环境大气压P；1) Use an atmospheric pressure gauge to measure and record the ambient atmospheric pressure P;
2)每隔15min记录一次气体质量流量计出口处温度T1与压力P1；2) Record the temperature T 1 and pressure P 1 at the outlet of the gas mass flow meter every 15 minutes;
3)每隔15min记录一次气体质量流量计的流量，当一个小时内任意两个时间间隔流量变化均小于5％时，认定系统达到稳定，开始测量并记录接下来2h的流量，以此计算平均流量qm；3) Record the flow rate of the gas mass flow meter every 15 minutes. When the flow rate changes at any two time intervals within an hour are less than 5%, the system is deemed to be stable and the flow rate for the next 2 hours is measured and recorded to calculate the average. flow qm ;
4)当系统达到稳态后，每隔15min记录一次试样的冷边界温度Tc和热边界温度Th，连续记录2h；4) When the system reaches a steady state, record the cold boundary temperature T c and thermal boundary temperature T h of the sample every 15 minutes for 2 hours continuously;
步骤五：数据分析与处理；Step 5: Data analysis and processing;
传入量热器的热量均为径向热量，膨胀珍珠岩的平均导热系数λ按如下公式计算：The heat introduced into the calorimeter is all radial heat. The average thermal conductivity λ of expanded perlite is calculated according to the following formula:
式中：In the formula:
λ—平均导热系数，单位为瓦每米开氏度(W/(mK))；λ—average thermal conductivity, unit is watts per meter Kelvin (W/(mK));
—流量计校正系数，所用流量计的技术说明书或重新校准后的给定值； —Flowmeter calibration coefficient, the technical specification of the flowmeter used or the given value after recalibration;
qm—蒸发的氦气质量流量在2h内的平均值，单位为千克每秒(kg/s)；q m —The average value of the evaporated helium mass flow rate within 2 hours, in kilograms per second (kg/s);
h—试验环境压力下的液氦汽化潜热，单位为焦每千克(J/kg)；h—the latent heat of vaporization of liquid helium under the pressure of the test environment, in joules per kilogram (J/kg);
Th—系统达到稳态后，恒温水浴温度，单位为开氏度(K)；T h —the temperature of the constant temperature water bath after the system reaches steady state, the unit is Kelvin (K);
Tc—系统达到稳态后，冷边界温度在1h内的平均值，单位为开氏度(K)；T c —the average value of the cold boundary temperature within 1 hour after the system reaches steady state, the unit is Kelvin (K);
r5—量热器测试段外径，单位为米(m)；r 5 —Outer diameter of the calorimeter test section, in meters (m);
r6—外腔体外径，单位为米(m)；r 6 —Outside diameter of the outer cavity, in meters (m);
l—测量段的长度，单位为米(m)l—The length of the measuring section, in meters (m)
步骤六：试验记录与试验报告。Step 6: Test records and test reports.
本案中，应用量热法稳定转热原理，通过测量以液氦为测量介质的量热器蒸发的气体流量qm，计算经膨胀珍珠岩传入量热器内的总热量，根据总热量及量热器内外冷、热边界的温度Tc和Th，计算出规定测试条件下被测膨胀珍珠岩的平均导热系数λ。In this case, the principle of stable heat transfer of calorimetry is applied, and the total heat transferred into the calorimeter through expanded perlite is calculated by measuring the gas flow q m evaporated by the calorimeter using liquid helium as the measuring medium. According to the total heat and Based on the temperatures T c and T h of the cold and hot boundaries inside and outside the calorimeter, the average thermal conductivity λ of the measured expanded perlite under the specified test conditions is calculated.
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。The above are only preferred specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person familiar with the technical field can, within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, implement the technical solutions of the present invention. Equivalent substitutions or changes of the inventive concept thereof shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
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