CN106970107B - Low-temperature infusion pipeline performance test system - Google Patents
Low-temperature infusion pipeline performance test system Download PDFInfo
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- CN106970107B CN106970107B CN201610022188.9A CN201610022188A CN106970107B CN 106970107 B CN106970107 B CN 106970107B CN 201610022188 A CN201610022188 A CN 201610022188A CN 106970107 B CN106970107 B CN 106970107B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
- G01N25/20—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
Abstract
The invention discloses a low-temperature infusion pipeline performance test system, which comprises a first compensation pipe, a second compensation pipe and a test pipe, wherein an outer sleeve is respectively arranged outside the first compensation pipe, the second compensation pipe and the test pipe, and a plurality of layers of heat insulation materials are filled between the outer sleeve and the first compensation pipe, between the outer sleeve and the second compensation pipe and between the outer sleeve and the test pipe; the low-temperature infusion pipeline performance test system is characterized in that a test filling pipe, a compensation filling pipe and a compensation exhaust pipe are arranged in the first compensation pipe, a compensation filling pipe and a compensation exhaust pipe are also arranged in the second compensation pipe, a test exhaust pipe is also arranged in the second compensation pipe, and the low-temperature infusion pipeline performance test system further comprises a main controller. According to the technical scheme, the compensation section pipelines at the two ends are adopted for heat leakage compensation, so that the testing performance of the testing pipeline is ensured, and the testing precision of the performance test of the low-temperature infusion pipeline is effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a pipeline performance test system, in particular to a low-temperature infusion pipeline performance test system.
Background
In the field of engineering applications today, many fields involve the use of cryogenic liquids, including: liquid helium, liquid hydrogen, liquid oxygen, liquid nitrogen, and the like. The low-temperature liquid conveying device is widely applied to production and scientific research, and in general, in order to convey low-temperature liquefied gas, a low-temperature storage tank and a low-temperature liquid conveying pipeline are often adopted to convey low-temperature liquid, and when the low-temperature liquid conveying device is connected in a sealed environment of two devices, pipeline conveying is more reasonable, and the design principle of the low-temperature liquid conveying pipeline is that a low-temperature working medium is conveyed to each device under the conditions of minimum cold energy loss and pressure loss.
In the conveying process of the low-temperature working medium, various heat insulation modes are adopted for the low-temperature pipeline, and the conveying process mainly comprises the following steps: common stacking insulation, vacuum powder and fiber insulation, high vacuum insulation, vacuum multilayer insulation, and the like; the vacuum multilayer heat insulation is the most efficient heat insulation mode, is mainly composed of a plurality of alternating layers of radiation screens with high reflection capability and spacers with low heat conductivity, vacuum interlayer vacuumizing is required to be in a negative pressure state lower than Pa, the vacuum multilayer heat insulation is widely applied to the technical field of low temperature, and has very important practical use value aiming at the requirements of lower cold loss in a lower temperature area.
At present, the performance test of the vacuum multilayer heat-insulating low-temperature infusion pipeline is a performance mode for measuring the low-temperature infusion pipeline, and the heat loss of the end part of the infusion pipeline is not considered when the heat leakage of the low-temperature infusion pipeline is tested in the existing performance test system, so that the final measured data precision has larger error. Moreover, performance testing of a plurality of heat insulating materials cannot be achieved for a multi-layer heat insulating low-temperature transfusion pipeline.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention aims to at least solve one of the problems of the vacuum multilayer heat-insulating low-temperature infusion pipeline, and provides a high-precision low-temperature infusion pipeline performance test system.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a low-temperature infusion pipeline performance test system, which comprises:
the device comprises a first compensation tube, a second compensation tube and a test tube, wherein the first compensation tube, the second compensation tube and the test tube are used for storing low-temperature media, one end of the test tube is connected with one end of the first compensation tube, the other end of the test tube is connected with one end of the second compensation tube, and two ends of the test tube, the other end of the first compensation tube and the other end of the second compensation tube are respectively provided with a baffle;
the outer sleeves are respectively arranged outside the first compensation tube, the second compensation tube and the test tube, and a plurality of layers of heat insulation materials are filled between the outer sleeves and the first compensation tube, the second compensation tube and the test tube;
the first compensation pipe is internally provided with a test filling pipe, a compensation filling pipe and a compensation exhaust pipe, the compensation filling pipe and the compensation exhaust pipe penetrate out of the partition plate at the end part of the first compensation pipe, one end of the compensation filling pipe penetrating out is communicated with a low-temperature medium storage source through a first switch valve, and one end of the compensation exhaust pipe penetrating out is communicated with the atmosphere through a third switch valve; one end of the test filling pipe penetrates out of the partition plate at the end part of the first step compensation pipe and is communicated with the low-temperature medium storage source through the second switching valve, and the other end of the test filling pipe penetrates through the partition plate at one end of the test pipe and is communicated with the test pipe;
the second compensation pipe is also provided with a compensation filling pipe and a compensation exhaust pipe, the compensation filling pipe and the compensation exhaust pipe penetrate out of a partition plate at the end part of the second compensation pipe, one end of the compensation filling pipe penetrating out is communicated with the low-temperature medium storage source through a fifth switch valve, and one end of the compensation exhaust pipe penetrating out is communicated with the atmosphere through a fourth switch valve;
the second compensation pipe is internally provided with a test exhaust pipe, one end of the test exhaust pipe penetrates through the partition board of the second compensation pipe and is connected with a rewarming heat exchanger, a pressure gauge, a thermometer and a flowmeter, and the other end of the test exhaust pipe penetrates through the partition board at the other end of the test pipe and is communicated with the test pipe; the flowmeter is used for testing the leakage flow of the low-temperature medium, the thermometer is used for testing the temperature of the low-temperature medium at the inlet of the flowmeter, the manometer is used for testing the pressure of the low-temperature medium at the inlet of the flowmeter, and the rewarming heat exchanger is used for rewarming the low-temperature gas discharged by the test exhaust pipe;
one end of a second compensation pipe partition plate of the test exhaust pipe is communicated with the atmosphere through a sixth switch valve and is connected with the rewarming heat exchanger through a seventh switch valve, and one side of the flowmeter, which discharges low-temperature gas, is communicated with the atmosphere through a tenth switch valve;
the low-temperature infusion pipeline performance test system further comprises a main controller which is respectively and electrically connected with the pressure gauge, the thermometer, the flowmeter, the first switch valve, the second switch valve, the third switch valve, the fourth switch valve, the fifth switch valve, the sixth switch valve, the seventh switch valve and the tenth switch valve, wherein the main controller controls the opening or closing of the first switch valve, the second switch valve, the third switch valve, the fourth switch valve, the fifth switch valve, the sixth switch valve, the seventh switch valve and the tenth switch valve, controls the pressure gauge, the thermometer and the flowmeter, receives signals fed back by the pressure gauge and the thermometer and the flowmeter, and calculates the evaporation rate and the heat leakage of a low-temperature medium according to the fed back signals.
Further preferably, a temperature interface is further arranged on the outer sleeve of the second compensation tube, a temperature sensor is attached to the outer surface of the multilayer heat insulation material corresponding to the test tube, and a lead of the temperature sensor is led out through the temperature interface and connected with the main controller.
Further preferably, one end of the temperature interface is communicated with the inner side of the outer sleeve of the second compensation tube, the other end of the temperature interface forms an installation base, a first cover plate, a second cover plate and a third cover plate are sequentially arranged on the installation base from inside to outside, fluorine rubber rings are respectively adopted for sealing between the installation base and the first cover plate, between the first cover plate and the second cover plate and between the second cover plate and the third cover plate, and a lead of the temperature sensor is led out from a through hole in the fluorine rubber rings and is connected with the main controller.
Further preferably, a plurality of supports are arranged between the test tube and the corresponding outer sleeve, a temperature sensor is also arranged on the outer surface of each support, and a lead of the temperature sensor is led out from the perforation of the fluorine rubber ring and is connected with the main controller.
Further preferably, the outer sleeve corresponding to the outer part of the test tube is detachably sleeved on the test tube.
Further preferably, the inner diameter of the outer sleeve corresponding to the outside of the test tube is respectively larger than the inner diameters of the outer sleeve corresponding to the first compensation tube and the outer sleeve corresponding to the second compensation tube, two male flanges are arranged at the end part of the outer sleeve corresponding to the test tube, female flanges are respectively arranged on the outer sleeve corresponding to the first compensation tube and the outer sleeve corresponding to the second compensation tube, the male flanges are fixedly connected with the female flanges through bolts, and sealing rings are arranged between the male flanges and the female flanges.
Further preferably, the multi-layer heat insulating material corresponding to the test tube is interchangeably arranged between the test tube and the outer sleeve corresponding to the test tube.
Further preferably, the outlet pipeline of the rewarming heat exchanger is communicated with the atmosphere through an eighth switching valve and a ninth switching valve which are connected in series.
Further preferably, the other end of the test exhaust pipe is communicated with the test pipe through the top end of the partition plate arranged at the exhaust port side of the test pipe.
Further preferably, the support is a triangle support or a star support, and a liquid nitrogen radiation screen sleeved on the periphery of the test tube is further arranged between the test tube and the corresponding outer sleeve, and the liquid nitrogen radiation screen is cooled through a liquid nitrogen precooling pipeline.
According to the low-temperature infusion pipeline performance test system, the scheme that the first compensation pipe and the second compensation pipe are additionally arranged at the two ends of the test pipeline is adopted, and the compensation section pipelines at the two ends are adopted for heat leakage compensation, so that the test performance of the test pipeline is ensured, and the test precision of the low-temperature infusion pipeline performance test is effectively improved.
Drawings
In order that the invention may be more readily understood, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof that are illustrated in the appended drawings, in which
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the structural components of a low-temperature infusion line performance test system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a test line of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the test line of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a flange structure at one end of an outer sleeve corresponding to a test tube according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the flange structure at the other end of the outer sleeve corresponding to the test tube according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the temperature interface in the low temperature infusion line performance test system of the present invention.
The reference numerals in the drawings are as follows: 1-testing a tube; 2-a first compensation tube; 3-a second compensation tube; 4-outer sleeve of test tube; 5-flange I; 6-flange II; 7-testing the filler pipe; 8-testing the exhaust pipe; 9-compensating filler pipe; 10-compensating an exhaust pipe; 11-an air inlet partition; 12-an exhaust port partition; 13-supporting; 14-temperature interface; 15-a rewarming heat exchanger; 16-a pressure gauge; 17-thermometer; 18-a flow meter; 001-a first switching valve; 002-a second switching valve; 003-third switching valve; 004-fourth switch valve; 005-fifth switching valve; 006-sixth switching valve; 007-seventh switch valve; 008-eighth switch valve; 009-ninth switching valve; 010-tenth switching valve; 19-a multilayer insulation material; 22-liquid nitrogen radiation screen; 23-liquid nitrogen pre-cooling pipe; 26-a first male flange; 27-a first female flange; 30-rubber rings; 29-a second male flange; 28-a second female flange; 34-mounting a base; 33-a first cover plate; 32-a second cover plate; 31-a third cover plate; 35. 36, 37-fluorine rubber rings.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical schemes and beneficial effects solved by the invention more clear, the invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a low-temperature infusion line performance test system, including:
the device comprises a first compensation tube 2, a second compensation tube 3 and a test tube 2 for storing low-temperature media, wherein one end of the test tube 2 is connected with one end of the first compensation tube 2, the other end of the test tube 2 is connected with one end of the second compensation tube 3, and two ends of the test tube 2, the other end of the first compensation tube 2 and the other end of the second compensation tube 3 are respectively provided with a baffle plate (11, 12);
an outer sleeve 4 is respectively arranged outside the first compensation tube 2, the second compensation tube 3 and the test tube 1, and a plurality of layers of heat insulation materials 19 are filled between the outer sleeve 4 and the first compensation tube 2, the second compensation tube 3 and the test tube 1;
the first compensation pipe 2 is internally provided with a test filling pipe 7, a compensation filling pipe 9 and a compensation exhaust pipe 10, the compensation filling pipe 9 and the compensation exhaust pipe 10 penetrate out of the partition plate at the end part of the first compensation pipe, one end of the compensation filling pipe 9 penetrating out is communicated with a low-temperature medium storage source through a first switch valve 001, and one end of the compensation exhaust pipe 10 penetrating out is communicated with the atmosphere through a third switch valve 003; one end of the test filling pipe 7 penetrates out of the partition plate at the end part of the first step compensation pipe 2 and is communicated with the low-temperature medium storage source through the second switch valve 002, and the other end of the test filling pipe penetrates through the air inlet partition plate 11 at one end of the test pipe and is communicated with the test pipe 1;
a compensation filling pipe 9 and a compensation exhaust pipe 10 are also arranged in the second compensation pipe 3, the compensation filling pipe 9 and the compensation exhaust pipe 10 penetrate out of a partition plate at the end part of the second compensation pipe 3, one end of the compensation filling pipe 9 penetrating out is communicated with the low-temperature medium storage source through a fifth switch valve 005, and one end of the compensation exhaust pipe 10 penetrating out is communicated with the atmosphere through a fourth switch valve 004;
a test exhaust pipe 8 is further arranged in the second compensation pipe 3, one end of the test exhaust pipe 8 penetrates through a partition board of the second compensation pipe 3 and is connected with a rewarming heat exchanger 15, a pressure gauge 16, a thermometer 17 and a flowmeter 18, and the other end of the test exhaust pipe 8 penetrates through an exhaust port partition board 12 at the other end of the test pipe and is communicated with the test pipe 1; the flowmeter is used for testing the leakage flow of the low-temperature medium, the thermometer is used for testing the temperature of the low-temperature medium at the inlet of the flowmeter, the manometer is used for testing the pressure of the low-temperature medium at the inlet of the flowmeter, and the rewarming heat exchanger is used for rewarming the low-temperature gas discharged by the test exhaust pipe;
one end of the test exhaust pipe 8, which passes through the second compensation pipe partition board, is communicated with the atmosphere through a sixth switch valve 006 and is connected with the rewarming heat exchanger 15 through a seventh switch valve 007, and one side, which is discharged by the flowmeter 18 and is used for discharging low-temperature gas, is communicated with the atmosphere through a tenth switch valve 010;
the low-temperature infusion line system can be tested by a master controller, which is electrically connected with the pressure gauge 16, the thermometer 17, the flowmeter 18, the first switch valve 001, the second switch valve 002, the third switch valve 003, the fourth switch valve 004, the fifth switch valve 005, the sixth switch valve 006, the seventh switch valve 007 and the tenth switch valve 010, respectively, and controls the opening or closing of the first switch valve 001, the second switch valve 002, the third switch valve 003, the fourth switch valve 004, the fifth switch valve 005, the sixth switch valve 006, the seventh switch valve 007 and the tenth switch valve 010, and controls the pressure gauge 16, the thermometer 17 and the flowmeter 18 to work and receive signals fed back by the pressure gauge 16, the thermometer 17 and the flowmeter 18, and calculates the evaporation rate and the heat leakage of the low-temperature medium according to the fed back signals.
The technical scheme of the invention adopts a vacuum multilayer heat insulation mode for cold insulation, and the outer surfaces of the test tube 1, the first compensation tube 2 and the third compensation tube 3 are wrapped with a plurality of layers of heat insulation materials, such as glass fiber paper and aluminum foil, which are compounded, and the vacuum is pumped between an inner pipeline and an outer pipeline to be lower than Pa. Meanwhile, the exhaust gas of the test tube section is subjected to rewarming by adopting a rewarming heat exchanger 15, then is measured by a pressure gauge 16 and a thermometer 17, the evaporated gas is tested by a flowmeter 18, and the heat leakage of the test tube 1 is obtained according to a mechanical gas state equation. Because the two ends adopt the compensation tube, the gas evaporation in the test tube 1 can not consider the influence of heat leakage at the two ends.
Further, a temperature interface 14 is further provided on the outer sleeve of the second compensation tube 3, a temperature sensor is attached to the outer surface of the multilayer heat insulation material 19 corresponding to the test tube 1, and a lead of the temperature sensor is led out through the temperature interface 14 and connected with the main controller.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 6, one end of the temperature interface 14 is communicated with the inner side of the outer sleeve of the second compensation tube 3, the other end of the temperature interface 14 forms a mounting base 34, a first cover plate 33, a second cover plate 32 and a third cover plate 31 are sequentially arranged on the mounting base 34 from inside to outside, fluoro-rubber rings (35, 36) are respectively adopted to seal between the mounting base 34 and the first cover plate 33, between the first cover plate 33 and the second cover plate 32 and between the second cover plate 32 and the third cover plate 31, and lead wires of the temperature sensor are led out from the fluoro-rubber rings through holes and are connected with the main controller. The temperature sensor can be used for measuring the temperature of the outer surface of the multi-layer insulating material 19, and the difference between the heat leakage quantity and the temperature of the outer surface of the multi-layer insulating material can be used for indicating the performance of the insulating layer material. When the heat leakage is measured to be large, the heat insulation material performance is poor if the temperature of the outer surface of the heat insulation layer is low, and vice versa.
Furthermore, a plurality of supports 13 may be disposed between the test tube 1 and the corresponding outer sleeve 4, and a temperature sensor is also disposed on the outer surface of the supports 13, and a lead of the temperature sensor is led out from the perforation of the fluorine rubber ring and connected with the main controller.
Of course, a plurality of supports may be disposed between the first compensating tube 2 and the second compensating tube 3 and their corresponding outer sleeves, and the support surfaces may not be provided with temperature sensors.
According to the scheme of the invention, the pipeline heat leakage is tested according to the flowmeter 18, so that the advantages and disadvantages of vacuum heat insulation performance are obtained, and preferably, a detachable flange structure is adopted, so that the outer sleeve 4 corresponding to the test tube 1 can be detached simply and conveniently, and the heat insulation material can be replaced.
Referring to fig. 4 and 5, two male flanges 26 and 29 are welded at two ends of the main outer sleeve 4, two female flanges 27 and 28 are welded at corresponding ends of the first compensation tube 2 and the second compensation tube 3, a rubber ring 30 is used for sealing, and a corrugated tube can be used for compensating stress in the middle of the outer sleeve 4 when the outer sleeve is screwed down by bolts.
When the removal flange is made to replace the multi-layer insulation 19 wrapped on the surface of the test tube 1, the entire outer sleeve 4 is moved axially to the other side until all insulation on the outer surface of the test tube 1 is exposed. When the dressing material replacement is completed, the whole disassembly pipeline is moved back, and finally the bolts are used for tightening.
Further preferably, the vent baffle 12 adopts the mode of opening a hole at the uppermost end in the vertical direction, the orifice of the vent hole is arranged at the uppermost end in the vertical direction, the test vent pipe 8 is communicated with the inside of the test pipe through the vent hole, the mode can ensure that gas is completely discharged at the uppermost end, high pressure formed by gas gathering at the top is prevented from being formed to press out liquid, and the safety and the accuracy of experiments are improved.
The data to be detected and calculated in the low-temperature infusion line performance test system according to the above embodiment includes:
(1) And (3) testing the evaporation rate: the cryogenic storage and transportation equipment is kept stand for heat balance under the rated filling rate, and then the mass of the cryogenic liquid lost by natural evaporation in 24 hours and the mass of the cryogenic liquid in the effective volume of the inner container are calculated as percentages per day (%/d); converting into a static evaporation rate by using a formula;
experimental principle: the natural evaporation amount of the cryogenic liquid in unit time is measured by a volumetric flowmeter or a mass flowmeter, or the loss amount of the cryogenic liquid in unit time is measured by a weighing method.
(2) And (3) testing heat leakage: the vacuum insulation device is sufficiently cooled, and after a thermal equilibrium is reached, heat in watts (W) is transferred from the ambient environment to the storage medium of the vacuum insulation cryogenic device per unit time.
(3) Test temperature: uniformly attaching the temperature sensor to the outer surface of the heat insulation layer and the outer surface of the support, and leading out a lead wire to test the temperature through a temperature interface 14, wherein the unit is (K); the temperature sensor is preferably a copper-constantan thermocouple temperature sensor.
The implementation steps are as follows:
s100, adding full-capacity low-temperature medium (such as liquid nitrogen) into the first compensation tube 2, the second compensation tube 3 and the test tube 1; opening a third exhaust valve 3, a fourth exhaust valve 4 and a sixth switching valve 6, closing a first switching valve 1, a second switching valve 2, a fifth switching valve 5 and a seventh switching valve 7, and pre-cooling the first compensation tube 2, the second compensation tube 3 and the test tube 1 for 2 hours;
s200, filling full-capacity liquid nitrogen into the test tube 1 after precooling is finished, and simultaneously filling low-temperature medium into the first compensation tube 1 and the second compensation tube 2 to reach rated filling rate, so that the liquid nitrogen in the compensation tubes is ensured to perform heat leakage compensation;
s300, according to GB/T18443.5, part 5 of the vacuum insulation deep cooling equipment performance test method: static evaporation rate measurement, part 6: the test requirement of the heat leakage measurement is that after filling, the liquid is kept stand for 48 hours, the third switch valve 3, the fourth switch valve 4 and the sixth switch valve 6 of the air outlet pipeline are opened during the standing period, and the first switch valve 1, the second switch valve 2, the fifth switch valve 5 and the seventh switch valve 7 are closed.
S400, after standing for 48 hours, closing the sixth switch valve 6, opening the flowmeter 18, and opening the seventh switch valve 7 and the tenth switch valve 10;
s500, after the flow of the evaporated gas is stable and the time interval is not more than 1h, acquiring and recording the readings of the flowmeter 18, the ambient temperature and the pressure, the temperature of the outer surface of the multi-layer heat insulation material 19, the temperature of the outer surface of the support 13, the readings of the inlet thermometer 17 of the flowmeter 18 and the pressure gauge 16, and the time for recording the data is 24h;
s600, calculating the static evaporation rate of the test tube, and comparing the static evaporation rate with the previous 24h static evaporation rate. When the variation range of the static evaporation rate is less than 5%, the recorded data are valid; when the variation range of the static evaporation rate is more than 5%, the data is allowed to be re-recorded once, the re-recording time is not less than 24 hours, and the data is the final recorded data;
and S700, the flange is disassembled, the outer sleeve 4 is dragged to move towards one side axially, the multi-layer heat insulation material 19 is completely exposed, and the heat insulation material is subjected to replacement test.
In this embodiment, the test evaporation rate and test heat leak data are processed as follows:
(1) When the wet gas flowmeter is used for measurement, the evaporation rate alpha is tested 0 Calculated according to formula 1-1:
in the above formula:
α 0 -test evaporation rate in percent per day (%/d);
q v the daily average of the volume flow of the vaporised gas is given in cubic metres per day (m 3 /d)；
Psi-correction coefficient of flowmeter, set value of the calibration;
ρ g the density of the gas at standard atmospheric pressure (101.32 kPa), 273.15K, in kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m) 3 )；
ρ 1 -density of saturated liquid at standard atmospheric pressure (101.32 kPa), 273.15K, in kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m) 3 )；
V-effective volume of test piece in cubic meter (m 3 )；
T-the average daily temperature at the inlet of the flowmeter in Kelvin (K); (i.e., the temperature value collected per hour divided by the number of times collected)
P-average pressure at the inlet of the flowmeter in megapascals (MPa);
(2) When the wet gas flowmeter is adopted for measurement, the heat leakage Q is tested 0 Calculated according to formula 2-1:
in the above formula:
Q 0 -testing for heat leakage in watts (W);
G v the daily average of the volume flow of the vaporised gas is given in cubic metres per second (m 3 /s)；
Psi-correction coefficient of flowmeter, set value of the calibration;
ρ g the density of the gas at standard atmospheric pressure (101.32 kPa), 273.15K, in kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m) 3 )；
ρ v Saturated vapor density of the test medium at daily mean values of the test ambient pressure in kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m) 3 )；
ρ L Saturated liquid density of the test medium at daily mean value of the test ambient pressure in kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m) 3 )；
T-the average daily temperature at the inlet of the flowmeter in Kelvin (K);
p-average pressure at the inlet of the flowmeter in megapascals (MPa);
h fg the latent heat of vaporization of saturated liquids at standard atmospheric pressure (101.32 kPa), 273.15K, in kilojoules per kilogram (kJ/kg).
Therefore, the performance test system of the low-temperature infusion pipeline can be used for realizing the performance test of several embodiments.
Example 1
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the test tube of the present invention applied to a low temperature medium with a test temperature range of (20K-300K); comprises a plurality of layers of heat insulation materials 19, wherein the support 13 in figure 1 is made into a triangular support as shown in the figure, the outer sleeve 4 and the middle of the inner pipeline and the outer pipeline are vacuumized, and the heat insulation materials are wrapped for cold insulation; when the temperature of the low-temperature medium is higher than 20K, such as liquid nitrogen and liquid oxygen, triangular supports and a single infusion tube can be adopted for conveying; in the test, the test tube 1, the first compensation tube 2 and the second compensation tube 3 can be made into the structure shown in fig. 2, the test system is shown in fig. 1, and the test process and the steps refer to steps S100-S700.
Example 2
Referring to FIG. 3, a schematic cross-sectional view of the present invention applied to a test tube having a test temperature zone of (4.5K-20K); mainly comprises the following steps: the support 13 in fig. 1 is made into a star-shaped support structure as shown in the drawing in the embodiment, the test tube 1 is wrapped by adopting a vacuum multi-layer heat insulation material, and vacuum is pumped between the outer pipe and the inner pipe. When the temperature of the low-temperature medium is extremely low, the temperature reaches 4.5K-20K, such as liquid hydrogen, liquid helium and the like; in order to meet the test requirement, namely, the requirement of continuous test for 24 hours is ensured, the direct radiation heat exchange quantity of 4.5K to 300K is further reduced, the middle liquid nitrogen radiation screen 22 is required to be added, the surface temperature of the radiation screen is ensured to be 77K, a plurality of layers of heat insulation materials 19 are wrapped on the outer surfaces of the test pipeline 24 and the liquid nitrogen radiation screen 22, and the test pipeline is selected as large as possible. The test tube 1, the first compensation tube 2 and the second compensation tube 3 may be constructed as shown in fig. 3. By adopting the structure, the radiation screen protection of 77K exists between a low-temperature medium (such as a 4.5K temperature zone) and external radiation due to the inclusion of the liquid nitrogen radiation screen; and the supporting structure 2 has long conduction path and plays a role in reducing heat leakage. Other test systems as shown in fig. 1, the test procedure, steps refer to steps S100-S700.
Example 3
Vacuum multilayer insulation is mainly achieved by drawing a vacuum between pipes and wrapping the insulation material structure. The vacuum degree between the inner tube and the outer tube and the performance of the heat insulating material directly influence the cold insulation performance of the low-temperature infusion tube. In order to test the influence of factors such as different types and different binding processes on the performance of the heat insulation material, the detachable flange is adopted to test the factors. The removable flange and outer sleeve structure is shown in fig. 4 and 5, so that the heat insulation material can be simply and conveniently replaced and tested, and the test system is shown in fig. 1. Meanwhile, a distributed temperature sensor is adopted to perform temperature test on the outer surface 19 of the multi-layer heat insulation material, and the difference between the tested heat leakage quantity and the outer surface temperature of the heat insulation layer shows that the performance of the multi-layer heat insulation material is good or bad. When the heat leakage is measured to be large, the heat insulation material performance is poor if the temperature of the outer surface of the heat insulation layer is low, and vice versa. Other test systems as shown in fig. 1, the test procedure, steps refer to steps S100-S700.
When the above experiment is completed and the heat insulating material 19 needs to be replaced, the flange is disassembled, and the disassembly sleeve 4 is dragged to axially move towards the left end, so that the heat insulating material is wrapped for replacement test.
Example 4
By combining with the embodiment 3, the technical scheme of the invention can be used for testing the heat leakage performance of different supporting structures. When no support is arranged on the test tube 1, the support structure is arranged only on the compensation tubes 2 and 3, so that the heat leakage quantity of the heat insulation material of the test tube 1 can be measured; then, arranging 1-3 supports in the test pipeline 1 in sequence, and then performing the test process and steps; when the test tube is arranged and supported, the total heat leakage quantity of the support and the heat insulation material is obtained, and the heat leakage quantity of the heat insulation material obtained by combining the test of the embodiment 3 is the heat leakage quantity of the support, wherein the difference value of the two heat leakage quantities is the heat leakage quantity of the support, and meanwhile, the heat leakage performance of the support can be verified by the temperature of the surface of the support 13. The greater the amount of heat leakage through the support 13, the lower the temperature of the surface of the same horizontal support 13, the poorer the performance of the support.
Thus, specific embodiments of the heat leakage performance test system and the vacuum multilayer insulation test of the present invention are given.
Compared with the existing low-temperature infusion pipeline performance test platform, the technical scheme of the invention adopts the compensation section pipelines at two ends to perform heat leakage compensation, thereby ensuring the test performance of the test pipeline. The compensation section is always in a liquefied state, so that the heat leakage of the evaporated gas of the test pipeline is the actual heat leakage of the vacuum multilayer heat insulation, and the influence of heat leakage at two ends of the test tube is eliminated. The invention also adopts a detachable flange structure, and can carry out replacement test on the multi-layer heat insulation material, thereby having practical measurement value for practical engineering application and providing experimental foundation for theoretical analysis and research.
It is apparent that the above examples are given by way of illustration only and are not limiting of the embodiments. Other variations or modifications of the above teachings will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. It is not necessary here nor is it exhaustive of all embodiments. While still being apparent from variations or modifications that may be made by those skilled in the art are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A low temperature infusion line performance test system, comprising:
the device comprises a first compensation tube, a second compensation tube and a test tube, wherein the first compensation tube, the second compensation tube and the test tube are used for storing low-temperature media, one end of the test tube is connected with one end of the first compensation tube, the other end of the test tube is connected with one end of the second compensation tube, and two ends of the test tube, the other end of the first compensation tube and the other end of the second compensation tube are respectively provided with a baffle;
the outer sleeves are respectively arranged outside the first compensation tube, the second compensation tube and the test tube, a plurality of layers of heat insulation materials are filled between the outer sleeves and the first compensation tube, between the outer sleeves and the second compensation tube, and between the outer sleeves and the test tubes, a plurality of supports are arranged between the test tubes and the corresponding outer sleeves;
the first compensation pipe is internally provided with a test filling pipe, a compensation filling pipe and a compensation exhaust pipe, the compensation filling pipe and the compensation exhaust pipe penetrate out of a partition plate at the end part of the first compensation pipe, one end of the compensation filling pipe penetrating out is communicated with a low-temperature medium storage source through a first switch valve, and one end of the compensation exhaust pipe penetrating out is communicated with the atmosphere through a third switch valve; one end of the test filling pipe penetrates out of the partition plate at the end part of the first compensation pipe and is communicated with the low-temperature medium storage source through the second switch valve, and the other end of the test filling pipe penetrates through the partition plate at one end of the test pipe and is communicated with the test pipe;
the second compensation pipe is also provided with a compensation filling pipe and a compensation exhaust pipe, the compensation filling pipe and the compensation exhaust pipe penetrate out of a partition plate at the end part of the second compensation pipe, one end of the compensation filling pipe penetrating out is communicated with the low-temperature medium storage source through a fifth switch valve, and one end of the compensation exhaust pipe penetrating out is communicated with the atmosphere through a fourth switch valve;
the second compensation pipe is internally provided with a test exhaust pipe, one end of the test exhaust pipe penetrates through the partition board of the second compensation pipe and is connected with a rewarming heat exchanger, a pressure gauge, a thermometer and a flowmeter, and the other end of the test exhaust pipe penetrates through the partition board at the other end of the test pipe and is communicated with the test pipe; the flowmeter is used for testing the leakage flow of the low-temperature medium, the thermometer is used for testing the temperature of the low-temperature medium at the inlet of the flowmeter, the manometer is used for testing the pressure of the low-temperature medium at the inlet of the flowmeter, and the rewarming heat exchanger is used for rewarming the low-temperature gas discharged by the test exhaust pipe;
one end of a second compensation pipe partition plate of the test exhaust pipe is communicated with the atmosphere through a sixth switch valve and is connected with the rewarming heat exchanger through a seventh switch valve, and one side of the flowmeter, which discharges low-temperature gas, is communicated with the atmosphere through a tenth switch valve;
the low-temperature infusion pipeline performance test system further comprises a main controller which is respectively and electrically connected with the pressure gauge, the thermometer, the flowmeter, the first switch valve, the second switch valve, the third switch valve, the fourth switch valve, the fifth switch valve, the sixth switch valve, the seventh switch valve and the tenth switch valve, wherein the main controller controls the opening or closing of the first switch valve, the second switch valve, the third switch valve, the fourth switch valve, the fifth switch valve, the sixth switch valve, the seventh switch valve and the tenth switch valve, controls the pressure gauge, the thermometer and the flowmeter, receives signals fed back by the pressure gauge and the thermometer and the flowmeter, and calculates the evaporation rate and the heat leakage of a low-temperature medium according to the fed back signals;
the outlet pipeline of the rewarming heat exchanger is also communicated with the atmosphere through an eighth switching valve and a ninth switching valve which are connected in series;
the other end of the test exhaust pipe penetrates through the top end of the baffle plate arranged on the exhaust port side of the test pipe and is communicated with the test pipe.
2. The system for testing the performance of the low-temperature infusion pipeline according to claim 1, wherein a temperature interface is further arranged on the outer sleeve of the second compensation tube, a temperature sensor is attached to the outer surface of the multilayer heat insulation material corresponding to the testing tube, and a lead of the temperature sensor is led out through the temperature interface and is connected with the main controller.
3. The system according to claim 2, wherein one end of the temperature interface is communicated with the inner side of the outer sleeve of the second compensation tube, the other end of the temperature interface forms an installation base, a first cover plate, a second cover plate and a third cover plate are sequentially arranged on the installation base from inside to outside, fluorine rubber rings are respectively adopted for sealing between the installation base and the first cover plate, between the first cover plate and the second cover plate and between the second cover plate and the third cover plate, and a lead of the temperature sensor is led out from a perforation in the fluorine rubber rings and is connected with the main controller.
4. The system for testing the performance of the low-temperature infusion pipeline according to claim 3, wherein a temperature sensor is also arranged on the outer surface of the support, and a lead of the temperature sensor is led out from a perforation of the fluorine rubber ring and is connected with the main controller.
5. The system of claim 4, wherein the outer sleeve corresponding to the exterior of the test tube is detachably sleeved on the test tube.
6. The system according to claim 5, wherein the inner diameter of the outer sleeve corresponding to the outside of the test tube is larger than the inner diameters of the outer sleeve corresponding to the first compensation tube and the outer sleeve corresponding to the second compensation tube, two male flanges are arranged at the ends of the outer sleeve corresponding to the test tube, female flanges are respectively arranged on the outer sleeve corresponding to the first compensation tube and the outer sleeve corresponding to the second compensation tube, the male flanges are fixedly connected with the female flanges through bolts, and sealing rings are arranged between the male flanges and the female flanges.
7. The system of claim 6, wherein the plurality of layers of insulating material corresponding to the test tube are interchangeably disposed between the test tube and the outer sleeve corresponding to the test tube.
8. The system according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein the support is a triangle support or a star support, and a liquid nitrogen radiation screen sleeved on the periphery of the test tube is further arranged between the test tube and the corresponding outer sleeve, and the liquid nitrogen radiation screen is cooled through a liquid nitrogen precooling pipeline.
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| CN108594036B (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2020-12-15 | 北京航天试验技术研究所 | Communicating vessel type testing device for superconducting strip electrification test |
| CN108412735A (en) * | 2018-04-25 | 2018-08-17 | 张家港富瑞深冷科技有限公司 | A kind of adiabatic pump shell structure for low temperature immersed pump |
| CN113281376B (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2022-04-29 | 浙江大学 | Device and method for measuring deep low-temperature heat leakage rate of material |
| CN113720873B (en) * | 2021-08-27 | 2022-03-11 | 安徽万瑞冷电科技有限公司 | Testing system for refrigerant transmission coupling device |
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