CN117005368A - Negative pressure balancing system for water delivery tunnel - Google Patents
Negative pressure balancing system for water delivery tunnel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN117005368A CN117005368A CN202310982411.4A CN202310982411A CN117005368A CN 117005368 A CN117005368 A CN 117005368A CN 202310982411 A CN202310982411 A CN 202310982411A CN 117005368 A CN117005368 A CN 117005368A
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- tunnel
- water
- ventilation
- negative pressure
- water delivery
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005381 potential energy Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl N-[2-hydroxy-4-(3-oxomorpholin-4-yl)phenyl]carbamate Chemical compound OC1=C(NC(=O)OCC2=CC=CC=C2)C=CC(=C1)N1CCOCC1=O FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000979 retarding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B5/00—Artificial water canals, e.g. irrigation canals
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B5/00—Artificial water canals, e.g. irrigation canals
- E02B5/02—Making or lining canals
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B5/00—Artificial water canals, e.g. irrigation canals
- E02B5/08—Details, e.g. gates, screens
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B5/00—Artificial water canals, e.g. irrigation canals
- E02B5/08—Details, e.g. gates, screens
- E02B5/082—Closures
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B9/00—Water-power plants; Layout, construction or equipment, methods of, or apparatus for, making same
- E02B9/02—Water-ways
- E02B9/06—Pressure galleries or pressure conduits; Galleries specially adapted to house pressure conduits; Means specially adapted for use therewith, e.g. housings, valves, gates
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Jet Pumps And Other Pumps (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a negative pressure balancing system of a water delivery tunnel, which is arranged in the water delivery tunnel and comprises a gate well, a gate and a ventilation system, wherein the ventilation system is arranged in a downstream lining of the gate and is communicated with the water delivery tunnel end to end, the ventilation system comprises a ventilation steel pipe, the ventilation steel pipe is a Tesla valve, an air inlet of the ventilation steel pipe is connected with a gas collecting mechanism, and the gas collecting mechanism is an inverted funnel-shaped gas collecting pipe. After the gate is lifted, the flow rate of the water delivery tunnel is increased, the flow rate of the water flow is increased, the pressure in the tunnel is reduced, cavitation bubbles are formed, gas released by collapse of the cavitation bubbles enters the gas collecting mechanism at a gradual expansion interface of the tunnel, and the gas passes through the ventilation system and then enters the water delivery tunnel, so that cavitation and ablation of the water delivery tunnel are weakened, head loss is reduced, and the water flow rate is increased; the air in the tunnel is circulated through the ventilation system, so that air intake in the sluice well is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of water conservancy water delivery tunnels, and particularly relates to a negative pressure balancing system of a water delivery tunnel.
Background
When the sluice well of the water delivery tunnel in the prior art is opened, along with the increase of the flow velocity in the tunnel, the pressure in the tunnel is reduced, and external air enters the sluice well and can impact the sluice, so that the sluice is rocked.
When the pressure in the tunnel is reduced, the external atmospheric pressure becomes high pressure, the pressure difference can suck air into water at the position to form cavitation bubbles in liquid flow, the cavitation bubbles can lose existing conditions and collapse suddenly when entering a region with higher pressure along with the liquid flow, the cavitation bubbles which are formed and grow continuously in the liquid flow collapse frequently near the solid wall surface, and the wall surface can be subjected to repeated impact of huge pressure, so that fatigue damage and even surface degradation of materials are caused.
Further, cavitation occurs to increase head loss, efficiency is lowered, and flow rate is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a negative pressure balancing system of a water delivery tunnel, which aims to solve the problems of gate vibration, cavitation erosion, flow reduction and the like caused by the operation of the existing gate well.
The technical scheme is as follows: the utility model provides a delivery tunnel negative pressure balanced system installs in delivery tunnel top, includes gate well, gate and ventilation system, the gate is installed in the gate well, ventilation system sets up in the downstream lining of gate and head and tail intercommunication delivery tunnel, the balanced tunnel shrink section rivers of ventilation system flow the atmospheric pressure in the negative pressure region that forms, delivery tunnel includes the gradual expansion section of gradual expansion section and intercommunication gradual expansion section, the gate sets up the gradual expansion section at delivery tunnel, ventilation system includes ventilation steel pipe, ventilation system sets up along the rivers direction, the downstream end and the upstream end of ventilation steel pipe are air inlet and gas outlet respectively, the air inlet of ventilation steel pipe connects gas collection mechanism.
In the scheme, the ventilation steel pipe is a Tesla valve, the Tesla valve is provided with a forward flow passage and a plurality of resistance flow passages which are sequentially arranged along the forward flow passage, a first end of the forward flow passage is connected with the air inlet, a second end of the forward flow passage is communicated with the air outlet, and the flow direction of the forward flow passage in the Tesla valve is opposite to the flow direction of water flow.
In the above scheme, the inner cross-sectional area of the ventilation steel pipe is
Wherein S is Pipe -a single ventilation systemIs a tube inner cross-sectional area; ρ -water density; g-gravitational acceleration; h, the front and rear water surface height difference of the tunnel; q—water flow; s is S 1 -1 cross-sectional area; s is S 2 -cross-sectional area at 2-2; r-proportionality constant; t-temperature; n is the number of ventilation systems; l—ventilation system length; v-the volume of the residual space at the top of the hole.
In the scheme, the air outlet of the ventilation steel pipe is communicated to the tunnel tapered section through the longitudinal air passage between the gate and the downstream lining.
In the scheme, the gas collecting mechanism is located at the junction of the convergent section and the divergent section of the water delivery tunnel.
In the above scheme, the gas collecting mechanism is an inverted funnel-shaped gas collecting tube.
In the scheme, the included angle between the inverted funnel-shaped gas collecting tube wall plate and the horizontal plane is 5-30 degrees, and the two inner angles of the inverted funnel-shaped gas collecting tube are larger than or equal to 120 degrees.
In the scheme, a plurality of ventilation systems are arranged in parallel at equal intervals perpendicular to the water flow direction.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: the negative pressure balancing system of the water delivery tunnel is provided with the ventilation system which is communicated with the water delivery tunnel from the beginning to the end, the ventilation system comprises the ventilation steel pipe, the air inlet of the ventilation steel pipe is connected with the air collecting mechanism, after the gate is lifted, the flow rate of the water delivery tunnel is increased, the flow rate of the water flow is increased, the pressure in the tunnel is reduced, cavitation bubbles are formed, and the air released by collapsing the cavitation bubbles enters the air collecting mechanism at the gradual expansion interface of the tunnel, so that the pressure impact on lining is reduced, and cavitation erosion on the water delivery tunnel is greatly reduced. The ventilation steel pipe is a Tesla valve, the Tesla valve is provided with a forward flow passage and a plurality of resistance flow passages which are sequentially arranged along the forward flow passage, the first end of the forward flow passage is connected with the air inlet, the second end of the forward flow passage is communicated with the air outlet, and the flow direction in the Tesla valve is opposite to the flow direction of water flow, so that gas is promoted to enter the ventilation steel pipe, the head loss is reduced, and the flow is improved. The gas outlet is a longitudinal air passage between the gate and the downstream lining, and is communicated with the water delivery tunnel, so that negative pressure at the tapered section of the water delivery tunnel is relieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a negative pressure balancing system for a water conveyance tunnel according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow diagram of a ventilation system;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a gas collection mechanism;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a water conveyance tunnel.
Reference numerals: 1. gate well, gate, ventilation system, gas collecting device, downstream lining, tapered section, gradually expanding section, gas inlet, gas outlet and gas outlet
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative and intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Examples: referring to fig. 1, a negative pressure balancing system for a water delivery tunnel is installed above the water delivery tunnel, and comprises a gate well 1 and a gate 2, wherein the gate 2 is installed in the gate well 1, and further comprises a ventilation system 3, the ventilation system 3 is arranged in a downstream lining 5 of the gate 2 and is communicated with the water delivery tunnel, the gate 2 is arranged in a tapered section 6 of the water delivery tunnel, the ventilation system 3 is arranged along the water flow direction, a plurality of ventilation systems 3 are arranged in the downstream lining of the gate in parallel perpendicular to the water flow direction, the ventilation system 3 comprises ventilation steel pipes, the downstream end and the upstream end of each ventilation steel pipe are respectively an air inlet 8 and an air outlet 9, and the air inlet is connected with a gas collecting mechanism 4.
Referring to fig. 2, the ventilation steel pipe is a tesla valve, which is provided with a forward flow passage and a plurality of resistance flow passages sequentially arranged along the forward flow passage, a first end of the forward flow passage is connected with the air inlet, a second end of the forward flow passage is communicated with the air outlet, the flow direction of the forward flow passage in the tesla valve is opposite to the flow direction of water flow, and the tesla valve is fixedly connected with a pipe orifice of an inverted funnel-shaped gas collecting pipe far away from one end of the funnel.
Referring to fig. 3, the included angle between the inverted funnel-shaped pipe wall plate and the horizontal plane is 5-30 degrees, and the included angle between the upstream wall plate of the inverted funnel-shaped gas collecting pipe and the horizontal direction is greater than the included angle between the downstream wall plate and the horizontal direction. The inner angle 3 of the inverted funnel-shaped pipe is larger than or equal to 120 degrees.
The inner cross-sectional area of the ventilation steel pipe is
Wherein S is Pipe -the intraductal cross-sectional area of the single ventilation system; rho-water density of 10 3 kg/m 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the g-gravity acceleration of about 9.8m/s 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the H, the front and rear water surface height difference of the tunnel; q—water flow; s is S 1 -1 cross-sectional area; s is S 2 -cross-sectional area at 2-2; r-a proportionality constant, R being constant, about 8.31441 + -0.00026J/(mol K) for any desired gas; t-temperature; n is the number of ventilation systems; l—ventilation system length; v-the volume of the residual space at the top of the hole. The aeration quantity of high-speed water flow can be increased, the risk of cavitation erosion of the diverging section of the water delivery hole can be reduced, and the wind vibration effect of the gate can be reduced.
For ease of understanding, the following is the estimation process of equation (1).
At the gate, the water flow creates a negative pressure region to which gas is delivered from the gas inlet through a tesla valve.
1. Calculating the water flow energy conversion condition at the opening moment, and dividing the section: 1-1, 2-2 referring to fig. 4, the reference plane 2-2 is selected, the viscosity loss is ignored in the process from the section 1-1 to the section 2-2, and the sum of the pressure potential energy, the kinetic energy and the potential energy is kept unchanged, and the bernoulli equation is:
the combined deformation of formula (2) yields formula (3):
at a constant flow rate, the flow area is inversely proportional to the water flow rate:
Q＝S 1 ×v 1 ＝S 2 ×v 2 (4)
wherein P is 1 -pressure potential energy at 1-1; p (P) 2 -pressure potential energy at 2-2; h is a 1 -1 level; h is a 2 -2 level; v 1 -water flow rate at 1-1; v 2 -water flow rate at 2-2; h, the front and rear water surface height difference of the tunnel; ΔP-pressure difference at two interfaces; ρ -water density; g-gravitational acceleration; q—water flow; s is S 1 -1 cross-sectional area; s is S 2 -cross-sectional area at 2-2.
2. Part of air in the residual space of the top of the hole is doped into the water body, the rest part of the air directly flows out of the hole under the dragging action of the water flow, and the part of air directly flowing out needs to be provided with a gas supplementing hole for supplementing, and the ideal gas state equation is known:
PV＝nRT (5)
ideal gaseous equation deformation:
the gas changes before and after entering the negative pressure region as follows:
wherein, P is pressure; v-the gas volume is the residual space of the hole top; t-temperature; n-the amount of material of the gas; r-molar gas constant; ΔP—pressure variation; Δn—the amount of substance varies.
3. The total air supplementing amount of the ventilation system is
In the formula, N is the number of ventilation systems; s is S Pipe -listThe intraductal cross-sectional area of the individual ventilation systems; l—ventilation system length; 22.4-the volume occupied by 1 mole of any ideal gas under standard conditions is about 22.4 liters.
The method is available in a comprehensive way,
h, Q, T, S in equation 1 1 And S is 2 Is an environmental parameter N, L, S Pipe For the device parameters ρ, g, R are constants. V is the residual space of the top of the tunnel, and the cross section size of the low-flow-rate pressureless tunnel in China is regulated by the design specification of hydraulic tunnels, so that the clearance area above the water surface line in the tunnel is not less than 15% of the cross section area of the tunnel and the height is not less than 0.4m under the condition of constant flow when the ventilation condition is good.
Can be based on the actual environment parameters H, Q, T, S in the construction process 1 And S is 2 The cross-sectional area, the length and the number of the ventilation systems of the device are calculated and adjusted so as to adapt to the air requirements of different water flow conditions.
In order to reduce cavitation erosion and generated gas impact, the gas collecting mechanism needs to be arranged at a place where cavitation collapse is frequently generated, and when water flow enters the diverging section, the flow speed is reduced, the pressure is increased, and cavitation collapse can be caused. Therefore, the gas collecting mechanism is arranged at the junction of the converging section and the diverging section of the water delivery tunnel.
The gas collecting mechanism is an inverted funnel-shaped gas collecting tube, the included angle between the wall plate of the inverted funnel-shaped tube and the horizontal plane is 5-30 degrees, the two inner angles of the inverted funnel-shaped tube are more than or equal to 120 degrees, and the inclination angles of the left wall plate and the right wall plate are different and the inclination angle of the left wall plate is larger than that of the right wall plate as shown in the figure 3. The contact area of the inverted funnel-shaped wall plate and water flow is ensured to be large, and the inverted funnel-shaped wall plate has an interception function, so that cavitation bubbles are promoted to collapse at the gas collecting device.
After the gate is lifted, the flow rate of the water delivery tunnel is increased, the flow rate of water flow is increased, the pressure in the tunnel is reduced, cavitation bubbles are formed, gas released by collapse of the cavitation bubbles enters the gas collecting mechanism at a gradual expansion interface of the tunnel, the gas enters the Tesla valve along a forward flow passage, flows into the water delivery tunnel from the gas outlet, the gas flow rate in the Tesla valve is increased, the pressure in the Tesla valve is reduced, and the gas in the tunnel is caused to enter to form an integral gas flow circulation. When the water-vapor mixture enters the Tesla valve from the air outlet of the ventilation system, the gas in the resistance flow passage plays a role in retarding the liquid in the forward flow passage, so that the unidirectional conduction capacity is enhanced.
For purposes of this disclosure, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "a particular example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples may be combined and combined by those skilled in the art without contradiction.
While the above embodiments have been shown and described, it should be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and not to be construed as limiting the invention, and that variations, modifications, alternatives, and variations of the above embodiments may be made by those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a water delivery tunnel negative pressure balanced system, includes sluice gate well and gate, its characterized in that: and a ventilation system which is communicated with the water delivery tunnel from head to tail is arranged in the downstream lining of the gate, and the ventilation system balances the air pressure of a negative pressure area formed by the water flow of the shrinkage section of the tunnel.
2. The water conveyance tunnel negative pressure balancing system according to claim 1, wherein: the water delivery tunnel includes the convergent section and communicates the convergent section of convergent section, the gate sets up the convergent section at the water delivery tunnel.
3. The water conveyance tunnel negative pressure balancing system according to claim 1, wherein: the ventilation system comprises a ventilation steel pipe, the ventilation system is arranged along the water flow direction, the downstream end and the upstream end of the ventilation steel pipe are respectively an air inlet and an air outlet, and the air inlet of the ventilation steel pipe is connected with a gas collecting mechanism.
4. A water conveyance tunnel negative pressure balancing system according to claim 3, wherein: the ventilation steel pipe is a Tesla valve, the Tesla valve is provided with a forward flow passage and a plurality of resistance flow passages which are sequentially arranged along the forward flow passage, a first end of the forward flow passage is connected with the air inlet, a second end of the forward flow passage is communicated with the air outlet, and the flow direction of the forward flow passage in the Tesla valve is opposite to the flow direction of water flow.
5. The water conveyance tunnel negative pressure balancing system according to claim 3 or 4, wherein: the inner cross-sectional area of the ventilation steel pipe is
Wherein S is Pipe -the intraductal cross-sectional area of the single ventilation system; ρ -water density; g-gravitational acceleration; h, the front and rear water surface height difference of the tunnel; q—water flow; s is S 1 -1 cross-sectional area; s is S 2 -cross-sectional area at 2-2; r-proportionality constant; t-temperature; n is the number of ventilation systems; l—ventilation system length; v-the volume of the residual space at the top of the hole.
6. The water conveyance tunnel negative pressure balancing system according to claim 3 or 4, wherein: and an air outlet of the ventilation steel pipe is communicated to the tunnel tapered section through a longitudinal air passage between the gate and the downstream lining.
7. A water conveyance tunnel negative pressure balancing system according to claim 3, wherein: the gas collection mechanism is located at the junction of the converging section and the diverging section of the water delivery tunnel.
8. The water conveyance tunnel negative pressure balancing system according to claim 3 or 7, wherein: the gas collection mechanism is an inverted funnel-shaped gas collecting tube.
9. The water conveyance tunnel negative pressure balancing system according to claim 8, wherein: the included angle between the inverted funnel-shaped gas collecting tube wall plate and the horizontal plane is 5-30 degrees, and the internal angle of the inverted funnel-shaped gas collecting tube is more than or equal to 120 degrees.
10. The water conveyance tunnel negative pressure balancing system according to claim 1, wherein: the plurality of ventilation systems are arranged in parallel at equal intervals perpendicular to the water flow direction.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310982411.4A CN117005368A (en) | 2023-08-07 | 2023-08-07 | Negative pressure balancing system for water delivery tunnel |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310982411.4A CN117005368A (en) | 2023-08-07 | 2023-08-07 | Negative pressure balancing system for water delivery tunnel |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN117005368A true CN117005368A (en) | 2023-11-07 |
Family
ID=88566829
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310982411.4A Pending CN117005368A (en) | 2023-08-07 | 2023-08-07 | Negative pressure balancing system for water delivery tunnel |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN117005368A (en) |
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2023
- 2023-08-07 CN CN202310982411.4A patent/CN117005368A/en active Pending
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