CN107341320A - A kind of down stream surge-chamber of hydroenergy storage station sets method of discrimination - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of down stream surge-chamber of hydroenergy storage station to set method of discrimination, including：The upper pond section and pump turbine admission section of hydroenergy storage station, the unitary unsteady pipe flows energy equation between draft tube admission section and lower reservoir section are established respectively；Obtain including the rigid water attack equation of water-carriage system loss of flood peak parameter according to pump turbine working head, the functional relation of draft tube inlet pressure head and relative opening of guide vane is obtained using rigid water attack equation and pump turbine boundary condition, when obtaining relative opening of guide vane in the range of reasonable value according to the relational expression, the minimum value of draft tube inlet pressure head；The calculating formula of tail water discharge limiting length is worth to according to the minimum, and the criterion of down stream surge-chamber setting is determined using the limiting length.Invention increases the consideration lost to water-carriage system dynamic head, reduces down stream surge-chamber and sets differentiation error, project progress is accelerated, so as to reduce construction costs.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Hydraulic Design field, and in particular to a kind of down stream surge-chamber of hydroenergy storage station sets differentiation side
Method.
Background technology
Hydroenergy storage station for being provided with long tailwater tunnel, when load rejection, larger tail water discharge current
Inertia reduces rapidly the pressure made in draft tube, or even is reduced to below the saturated vapour pressure of water, so as to produce water column point
From, then induce strong turning one's coat and hit and structural vibration, jeopardize the safe operation in power station, and it is in solution to set down stream surge-chamber
State one of maximally effective engineering measure of problem.The effect for setting down stream surge-chamber is to reduce pressure fluctuation by reflecting surge wave
Amplitude, and vacuum is destroyed by moisturizing, so as to reach the purpose for suppressing water column separation in draft tube.Because down stream surge-chamber is opened
Dig and lining project amount it is big, construction inconvenience and involve great expense, therefore, need under what conditions set down stream surge-chamber become for
The problem of being paid close attention in hydroenergy storage station Large scale construction.
However, at present still without a set of specification specifically for pumped storage power plant tail water Set surge tank, water-storage
Whether setting for power station surge chamber is public again referring to the surge-chamber design specification of early stage conventional hydropower station and the experience of other countries
Formula, the condition of down stream surge-chamber is set both at home and abroad, premised on not producing column separation in draft tube.Engineering practice shows,
The down stream surge-chamber of these early stages sets criterion to have ignored the shadow that the loss of water-carriage system dynamic head is set to down stream surge-chamber
Ring, it is however generally that, the aqueduct of hydroenergy storage station is longer, and the loss of flood peak is larger, and larger mistake will be brought by ignoring the loss of flood peak
Difference, therefore the down stream surge-chamber of these early stages sets criterion to be difficult to meet to be provided with Large Copacity now, long tailwater tunnel is taken out
Water storage station service requirement.
In view of this, it is badly in need of a kind of pumped storage power plant tail water Set surge tank and differentiates new method, judges whether to need
Down stream surge-chamber is set, so as to provide reference for water conservancy project Preliminary design.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention be existing pumped storage power plant tail water Set surge tank method of discrimination because
The influence that the loss of water-carriage system dynamic head is set to down stream surge-chamber is have ignored, causes to be provided with Large Copacity, long tailwater tunnel
Pumped storage power plant tail water Set surge tank differentiate the problem of larger error be present.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is to provide a kind of tail of hydroenergy storage station
Water Set surge tank method of discrimination, comprises the following steps：
The upper pond section and pump turbine admission section, draft tube admission section of hydroenergy storage station are established respectively
Unitary unsteady pipe flows energy equation between lower reservoir section；
Obtain including the water-carriage system loss of flood peak with reference to the unsteady pipe flows energy equation and pump turbine working head
The rigid water attack equation of parameter, draft tube inlet pressure water is obtained using rigid water attack equation and pump turbine boundary condition
The functional relation of head and relative opening of guide vane, and relative opening of guide vane is obtained in reasonable value scope according to the functional relation
When interior, the minimum value of draft tube inlet pressure head；
The calculating formula of tail water discharge limiting length is worth to according to the minimum of draft tube inlet pressure head, and utilized
To tail water discharge limiting length determine down stream surge-chamber set criterion.
In the above-mentioned technical solutions, draft tube entrance is obtained using rigid water attack equation and pump turbine boundary condition
The functional relation of pressure head and relative opening of guide vane, specifically includes following steps：
Simplification flow rule function and the rigid water attack equation using the pump turbine, obtain including water delivery
The relative discharge of system loss of flood peak parameter and a kind of Ricatti differential equations of relative opening of guide vane；
By a kind of Ricatti differential equations are integrated and Taylor series expansion handle, obtain relative discharge and
The functional relation of relative opening of guide vane；
The energy equation that the functional relation is substituted between the draft tube admission section and the lower reservoir section,
By the functional relation that the draft tube inlet pressure head and relative opening of guide vane is accordingly calculated.
In the above-mentioned technical solutions, the functional relation bag of the draft tube inlet pressure head and relative opening of guide vane
Include in tail water discharge water attack vacuum WHV caused by water body inertia, kinetic head vacuum VHV and water-carriage system frictional resistance are true in draft tube
Empty HLV affecting parameters.
In the above-mentioned technical solutions, the pump turbine working head be the pump turbine admission section with it is described
The gross head of draft tube admission section is poor.
In the above-mentioned technical solutions, the corresponding control requirement met according to the minimum value of draft tube inlet pressure head,
The calculating formula of tail water discharge limiting length is calculated；This, which is controlled, requires to be not more than 8 for the maximum vacuum of draft tube entrance
Meter Shui Tou, the control is required for high altitude localities to carry out corresponding elevation amendment.
In the above-mentioned technical solutions, the calculating formula of the tail water discharge limiting length is as follows：
The control that the minimum value of the draft tube inlet pressure head meets requires as follows：
Wherein, [Lw] it is tail water discharge limiting length；For draft tube
The minimum value of inlet pressure head；▽ is pump turbine units' installation elevation；Coefficient
K=f-1；F is type correction factor, related to the specific speed of pump turbine unit；HSIt is high for the sucking-off of unit
Degree；ksFor relative loss coefficient；TSFor stator effective shut-in time；φ is relative opening of guide vane；LwFor tail water discharge actual (tube) length
Degree；Vw0=Q0/AwFor stable operation when pressure tail water road in mean flow rate；Q0For initial flow；γ is the severe of water；G attaches most importance to
Power acceleration；AwFor tail water discharge section average area.
In the above-mentioned technical solutions, the criterion of down stream surge-chamber setting is：
When tail water discharge physical length is more than tail water discharge limiting length, it is necessary to set down stream surge-chamber；
When tail water discharge physical length is less than tail water discharge limiting length, down stream surge-chamber can be not provided with.
In the above-mentioned technical solutions, the reasonable value scope of the relative opening of guide vane is [0,1].
A kind of down stream surge-chamber of hydroenergy storage station proposed by the present invention, which is set, differentiates that new method is used for ancillary works
Preliminary design, it is the offer design considerations safe for operation of hydroenergy storage station, water-carriage system dynamic head is lost by increase
Consideration, be particularly suitable for use in the larger hydroenergy storage station of the long water-conveyance tunnel loss of flood peak, with traditional design according in neglect
The slightly water-carriage system loss of flood peak is compared, and is overcome traditional design foundation and is not suitable for long water-conveyance tunnel hydroenergy storage station not
Foot, the present invention is more reasonable, reduces down stream surge-chamber and sets differentiation error, project progress is accelerated, so as to reduce engineering
Cost.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that a kind of down stream surge-chamber of hydroenergy storage station in the present invention sets the flow chart of method of discrimination；
Fig. 2 is hydroenergy storage station schematic diagram in the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the effective shut-in time T of stator in the present inventionSSchematic diagram.
Embodiment
Method of discrimination is set because ignoring water-carriage system dynamic in order to solve the down stream surge-chamber of existing hydroenergy storage station
The influence that the loss of flood peak is set to down stream surge-chamber, and cause the hydroenergy storage station tail for being provided with Large Copacity, long tailwater tunnel
Water Set surge tank differentiates the problem of larger error be present.The embodiments of the invention provide a kind of pumped storage power plant tail water pressure regulation
Room, which is set, differentiates new method, not only allows for the dynamic head loss of water-carriage system, it is also contemplated that water body inertia in tail water discharge
Phase difference in caused water attack vacuum, draft tube between kinetic head vacuum, water-carriage system frictional resistance vacuum three's maximum with
And the elevation amendment of high altitude localities, assume with traditional design according in draft tube compared with kinetic head constant vacuum, it is theoretical
On it is more perfect, reasonable.
The embodiment of the present invention is mainly used in feasibility study and the concept phase of Hydraulic Design, in unit complete characteristic
Curve determines the need for setting down stream surge-chamber in the case of lacking, and to instruct the Preliminary design of engineering, speeds up the work,
So as to reduce construction costs.The present invention is described in detail with reference to specification drawings and specific embodiments.
The embodiments of the invention provide a kind of down stream surge-chamber of hydroenergy storage station to set method of discrimination, as shown in figure 1,
Comprise the following steps：
S1, the upper pond section 1-1 and pump turbine admission section for establishing hydroenergy storage station as shown in Figure 2 respectively
2-2, draft tube admission section 3-3 and lower reservoir section 4-4 unitary unsteady pipe flows energy equation.
S2, with reference to the unsteady pipe flows energy equation and pump turbine working head obtain comprising water-carriage system head damage
The rigid water attack equation of parameter is lost, the rigid water attack equation is pressure change rate ξ and relative discharge q's and relative opening of guide vane φ
Functional relation.
Wherein, pump turbine working head is the total of pump turbine admission section 2-2 and draft tube admission section 3-3
Head difference.
S3, using rigid water attack equation and pump turbine boundary condition obtain draft tube inlet pressure head and stator
The functional relation of relative opening degree, and when obtaining relative opening of guide vane in the range of reasonable value according to the functional relation, tail
The minimum value of water pipe inlet pressure head.
In step S3, draft tube inlet pressure head is obtained using rigid water attack equation and pump turbine boundary condition
With the functional relation of relative opening of guide vane, it is specially：
Simplification flow rule function and rigid water attack equation using pump turbine, obtain including water-carriage system head
The relative discharge of loss parameter and a kind of Ricatti differential equations of relative opening of guide vane；
By a kind of Ricatti differential equations are integrated and Taylor series expansion handle, obtain relative discharge q and
Relative opening of guide vane φ functional relation q=q (φ)；
The energy that functional relation q=q (φ) is substituted between draft tube admission section 3-3 and lower reservoir section 4-4
Equation is measured, by being transplanted to obtain draft tube inlet pressure head P to the energy equation3/ γ and relative opening of guide vane φ
Functional relation P3/ γ=f (φ).Functional relation P3Draw comprising water body inertia in tail water discharge in/γ=f (φ)
Water attack vacuum (WHV), the influence such as kinetic head vacuum (VHV) and water-carriage system frictional resistance vacuum (HLV) ginseng in draft tube risen
Number.
S4, the calculating formula for being worth to according to the minimum of draft tube inlet pressure head tail water discharge limiting length, and profit
The criterion of down stream surge-chamber setting is determined with the tail water discharge limiting length obtained by the calculating formula.
In step S4, the calculating of tail water discharge limiting length is worth to according to the minimum of draft tube inlet pressure head
Formula, it is specially：
According to draft tube inlet pressure head P3/ γ and relative opening of guide vane φ functional relation P3/ γ=f (φ), meter
Calculate draft tube inlet pressure head P3Minimum values of/the γ in relative opening of guide vane φ reasonable value scope φ ∈ [0,1],
Required using the maximum vacuum of draft tube entrance no more than 8 meter water columns as control, i.e. min (P3/ γ) >=-(8- ▽/900),
Calculating formula [the L of tail water discharge limiting length can finally be calculatedw].It should be noted that the control is tackled in high altitude localities
System requires to carry out corresponding elevation amendment.
In step S4, the criterion of down stream surge-chamber setting is determined using obtained tail water discharge limiting length, specifically
For：
When tail water discharge physical length is less than tail water discharge limiting length, i.e. Lw＜ [Lw] when, tail water pressure regulation can be not provided with
Room；
When tail water discharge physical length is more than tail water discharge limiting length, i.e. Lw＞ [Lw] when, it is necessary to set tail water pressure regulation
Room.
Above-mentioned steps S2 realization principle is specific as follows：
According to hydroenergy storage station schematic diagram as shown in Figure 2, benchmark section, water are used as using draft tube admission section 3-3
The working head H of pump turbine can use the difference of the gross head at pump turbine admission section 2-2 and draft tube admission section 3-3
Represent, i.e.,：
Wherein, subscript 2,3 represents pump turbine admission section 2-2 and draft tube admission section 3-3 respectively；Z is relative
In the elevation (m) of benchmark section；P2And P3Pump turbine admission section 2-2 and draft tube admission section 3-3 pressure is represented respectively
(Pa) by force；γ is the severe (N/m of water3)；α is kinetic energy correction factor, and general value is 1；Q is flow (m3/s)；A was that water breaks
Face area (m2)；G is acceleration of gravity (m/s2)。
In order to try to achieve pump turbine admission section 2-2 and draft tube admission section 3-3 gross head, break for upper pond
Face 1-1 and pump turbine admission section 2-2, and draft tube admission section 3-3 and lower reservoir section 4-4 establish respectively it is non-
The energy equation of steady pipe flows, it is as follows：
Wherein, subscript 1,4 represents upper pond section and lower reservoir section respectively；Subscript u, w represents diversion system respectively
System (pressure pipeline) and tail water discharge (pressure tail water road, tail water extensional pipeline and each section of draft tube)；For kinetic head
(m)；For surge pressure (m) caused by water body inertia；L is pipeline and tunnel length (m)；hwu=SuQ|Q|、hww=SwQ
| Q | it is respectively the loss of flood peak (m) of diversion system and tail water discharge,
λ and ∑ ζ is respectively along Cheng Shuitou
Loss coefficient and local loosening；D is pipeline or tunnel diameter (m).
P1And P4, can because upstream and downstream reservoir surface atmospheric pressure difference is smaller for upstream and downstream reservoir surface atmospheric pressure
It is approximately considered P1≈P4；Upper pond section and lower reservoir cross-sectional area A1And A4It is larger, upper pond section and lower reservoir
The kinetic head of sectionWithIt is smaller, it can be neglected.Formula (2) and formula (3) are substituted into formula (1), it is as follows：
Wherein,For diversion system and the pipeline feature coefficient of tail water discharge；
LiFor diversion system (pressure pipeline and spiral case) and tail water discharge (draft tube and tail water extensional pipeline) each segment length (m)；ViTo be right
Answer the mean flow rate (m/s) in pipeline section；H0For steady flow when unit working head (m)；TSFor the effective shut-in time (s) of stator,
Straightway shut-in time in specially Fig. 3, general value are 5s~10s, for large sized unit can value be 15s, if any
Can also be according to actual conditions proper extension during particular/special requirement；Q=Q/Q0For relative discharge；Q0For initial flow (m3/s)；φ=1-
t/TSRelative opening degree when being closed for stator straight line；S=Su+SwFor total losses coefficient；SQ0 2For steady flow when pipeline gross head
Lose (m).
In load rejection initial time, i.e. steady flow, q=1, dq/d φ=0, then according to the initial work of formula (4) unit
Make head H0It can represent as follows：
H0=Z1-Z4-SQ0 2 (5)
Nondimensional number ξ is introduced, formula (5) is substituted into formula (4), then may be accounted the rigidity of the water-carriage system loss of flood peak
Water attack equation：
Wherein,For pressure change rate；For relative loss coefficient；0≤q≤1；0≤φ≤1.
, can be approximate using the hydraulic turbine as a kind of valve from the perspective of water attack because the hydraulic turbine is a kind of stiffener,
Now the flow rule of unit can approximate representation be formula (7) shown in, the surge pressure being simply thus calculated need to be multiplied by one
Type correction factor f.
In general, during load rejection and volute pressure rise, flow remains forward flow, therefore
K in formula (6) can be removedsQ | q | the absolute value of item.Formula (6) is substituted into formula (7), both sides square merge similar terms, arranged：
Formula (8) is a kind of Ricatti differential equations, it is difficult to directly tries to achieve its analytic solutions.Therefore, by formula (8) equal sign both sides
Radical sign is opened simultaneously, is obtained：
Wherein, due to ksφ2It is typically small, it can useMeanwhile when meeting that pressure rate of rise ξ exists
When less than 50%, it can useThen formula (9) can be reduced to：
Formula (10) is single order variable coefficient non-homogeneous ordinary differential equation, and can try to achieve its general solution is：
Wherein, C is integral constant.
Due toIntegrally it can not accumulate, therefore by the exp (- k in formula (11)sφ2/2σ)
φ power series are launched into, it is specific as follows：
The convergence domain of formula (12) is (- ∞ ,+∞), and formula (12) is substituted into formula (11), and integrates and can obtain：
According to the statistical information in actual power station, ksAn order of magnitude, and 0≤φ≤1 are differed with σ, then exp (ksφ2/2σ)
≈ 1, the high-order ignored in formula (13) more than φ cubes is a small amount of, and arrangement can obtain：
By primary condition q |φ=1=1 substitution formula (14) tries to achieve integral constant C=- (σ+ks)/(2- σ), therefore, the differential equation
The functional relation of relative discharge q and relative opening of guide vane φ during the last solution of formula (10), the i.e. consideration water-carriage system loss of flood peak
For：
Above-mentioned steps S3 realization principle is specific as follows：
The draft tube inlet pressure P that step S3 is obtained3/ γ minimum value is：
Wherein, f is type correction factor, relevant with the specific speed of unit, can to Francis turbine in Preliminary design
Take f=1.2；HS=Z3-Z4For the draught-height (m) of unit；LwFor tail water discharge physical length (m)；Vw0=Q0/AwTransported to be stable
Mean flow rate (m/s) during row in pressure tail water road；AwFor tail water discharge section average area (m2)。
To avoid that water column separation occurs, it is desirable to which during unit full load rejection, the maximum vacuum of draft tube entrance is not more than
8m heads, it should also make corresponding elevation amendment for high altitude localities, i.e.,：
Simultaneous formula (16) and formula (17), thus can be derived from：
Wherein, [Lw] it is tail water discharge limiting length (m)；▽ is units' installation elevation (m)；COEFFICIENT K=f-1。
The embodiment of the present invention has advantages below：
(1) consideration to the loss of water-carriage system dynamic head is added, is particularly suitable for use in and is damaged with long water-conveyance tunnel head
Larger hydroenergy storage station is lost, compared with traditional design ignores the water-carriage system loss of flood peak according in, more rationally；
(2) while the loss of water-carriage system dynamic head is considered, unit full load rejection is calculated, stator straight line closes work
Unit inflow-rate of water turbine under condition changes with time process, compared with traditional design assumes that flow changes linearly over time according in,
More meet reality；
(3) add to kinetic head vacuum in water attack vacuum caused by water body inertia in tail water discharge, draft tube and defeated
The consideration of the sequential superposition of water system frictional resistance vacuum three, assume that kinetic head vacuum is permanent in draft tube according in traditional design
Surely compare, it is more accurate in theory.
A kind of down stream surge-chamber for hydroenergy storage station that the embodiment of the present invention proposes, which is set, differentiates that new method is used to aid in
The Preliminary design of engineering, it is the offer design considerations safe for operation of hydroenergy storage station, so as to overcome traditional design according to not
Suitable for the deficiency of long tailwater tunnel hydroenergy storage station, the present embodiment is more reasonable, reduces down stream surge-chamber and sets differentiation
Error, project progress is accelerated, so as to reduce construction costs.
The present invention is not limited to above-mentioned preferred forms, anyone structure change made under the enlightenment of the present invention,
The technical schemes that are same or similar to the present invention, each fall within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of down stream surge-chamber of hydroenergy storage station sets method of discrimination, it is characterised in that comprises the following steps：
The upper pond section of hydroenergy storage station is established respectively with pump turbine admission section, draft tube admission section with
Swim the unitary unsteady pipe flows energy equation between reservoir range；
Obtain including water-carriage system loss of flood peak parameter with reference to the unsteady pipe flows energy equation and pump turbine working head
Rigid water attack equation, using rigid water attack equation and pump turbine boundary condition obtain draft tube inlet pressure head with
The functional relation of relative opening of guide vane, and relative opening of guide vane is obtained in the range of reasonable value according to the functional relation
When, the minimum value of draft tube inlet pressure head；
The calculating formula of tail water discharge limiting length is worth to according to the minimum of draft tube inlet pressure head, and utilizes what is obtained
Tail water discharge limiting length determines the criterion that down stream surge-chamber is set.
2. the down stream surge-chamber of hydroenergy storage station as claimed in claim 1 sets method of discrimination, it is characterised in that using just
Property water attack equation and pump turbine boundary condition obtain the function of draft tube inlet pressure head and relative opening of guide vane and close
It is formula, specifically includes following steps：
Simplification flow rule function and the rigid water attack equation using the pump turbine, obtain including water-carriage system
The relative discharge of loss of flood peak parameter and a kind of Ricatti differential equations of relative opening of guide vane；
By a kind of Ricatti differential equations are integrated and Taylor series expansion handle, obtain relative discharge and stator
The functional relation of relative opening degree；
The energy equation that the functional relation is substituted between the draft tube admission section and the lower reservoir section, passes through
The functional relation of the draft tube inlet pressure head and relative opening of guide vane is accordingly calculated.
3. the down stream surge-chamber of hydroenergy storage station as claimed in claim 2 sets method of discrimination, it is characterised in that the tail
The functional relation of water pipe inlet pressure head and relative opening of guide vane includes water attack caused by water body inertia in tail water discharge
Kinetic head vacuum VHV and water-carriage system frictional resistance vacuum HLV affecting parameters in vacuum WHV, draft tube.
4. the down stream surge-chamber of hydroenergy storage station as claimed in claim 1 sets method of discrimination, it is characterised in that the water
Pump turbine working head is poor for the gross head of the pump turbine admission section and the draft tube admission section.
5. the down stream surge-chamber of hydroenergy storage station as claimed in claim 1 sets method of discrimination, it is characterised in that according to tail
The corresponding control requirement that the minimum value of water pipe inlet pressure head meets, is calculated the calculating of tail water discharge limiting length
Formula；This, which is controlled, requires to be not more than 8 meters of heads for the maximum vacuum of draft tube entrance, will to the control for high altitude localities
Ask and carry out corresponding elevation amendment.
6. the down stream surge-chamber of hydroenergy storage station as claimed in claim 5 sets method of discrimination, it is characterised in that the tail
The calculating formula of water system limiting length is as follows：
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Wherein, [Lw] it is tail water discharge limiting length；For draft tube import
Locate the minimum value of pressure head；For pump turbine units' installation elevation；COEFFICIENT K=f-1；F is type correction factor, with water
Pump turbine unit specific speed is related；HSFor the draught-height of unit；ksFor relative loss coefficient；TSWhen effectively being closed for stator
Between；φ is relative opening of guide vane；LwFor tail water discharge physical length；Vw0=Q0/AwFor stable operation when pressure tail water road in it is flat
Equal flow velocity；Q0For initial flow；γ is the severe of water；G is acceleration of gravity；AwFor tail water discharge section average area.
7. the down stream surge-chamber of hydroenergy storage station as claimed in claim 1 sets method of discrimination, it is characterised in that tail water is adjusted
Pressure chamber set criterion be：
When tail water discharge physical length is more than tail water discharge limiting length, it is necessary to set down stream surge-chamber；
When tail water discharge physical length is less than tail water discharge limiting length, down stream surge-chamber can be not provided with.
8. the down stream surge-chamber of hydroenergy storage station as claimed in claim 1 sets method of discrimination, it is characterised in that described to lead
The reasonable value scope of leaf relative opening degree is [0,1].
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