CN117002153A - Array electrofluidic nozzle addressable spraying device - Google Patents
Array electrofluidic nozzle addressable spraying device Download PDFInfo
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- CN117002153A CN117002153A CN202311190112.3A CN202311190112A CN117002153A CN 117002153 A CN117002153 A CN 117002153A CN 202311190112 A CN202311190112 A CN 202311190112A CN 117002153 A CN117002153 A CN 117002153A
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- spray
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- electrodes
- nozzle
- electrofluidic
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- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 title abstract description 12
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000608 laser ablation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001259 photo etching Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000007641 inkjet printing Methods 0.000 description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007787 electrohydrodynamic spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002493 microarray Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000206 photolithography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
- B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
- B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
- B41J2/01—Ink jet
- B41J2/135—Nozzles
- B41J2/14—Structure thereof only for on-demand ink jet heads
- B41J2/14201—Structure of print heads with piezoelectric elements
Landscapes
- Particle Formation And Scattering Control In Inkjet Printers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an addressable spraying device of an arrayed electrofluidic spray head, which comprises an arrayed electrofluidic spray head and a high-voltage power supply circuit, wherein the arrayed electrofluidic spray head comprises an ink box, an orifice plate, a nozzle and cross electrodes, the ink box is arranged at the top of the orifice plate, an ink inlet and an ink outlet are arranged on the ink box, a plurality of nozzles are uniformly arranged on the orifice plate and communicated with the ink box, the cross electrodes are arranged at the bottom of the orifice plate and correspond to the positions of the nozzles, and the high-voltage power supply circuit is respectively and electrically connected with the cross electrodes; the cross electrode consists of two x electrodes positioned on the x axis and two y electrodes positioned on the y axis, wherein the x electrodes are driving electrodes for providing driving force for electrofluid injection, the y electrodes are regulating electrodes, and the control of the electric field at the tip of the nozzle is realized by regulating the voltage of the y electrodes, so that addressable injection is realized. The invention has the advantages of simple structure, convenient maintenance and stable performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ink-jet printing devices, in particular to an addressable spraying device of an arrayed electrofluidic nozzle.
Background
Among printing electronics, inkjet printing technology is widely used in the fields of micro-nano electronic device manufacturing and the like due to advantages of printing convenience, low cost and the like. However, with the continuous innovation of technology, the defects of the traditional inkjet printing technology in terms of printing precision, printing stability and the like are more and more obvious. It is difficult to meet the requirements of large-area and high-reliability manufacture of precision electronic components, and thus electrohydrodynamic jet printing technology has been developed. Compared with the traditional inkjet printing technology, the electrofluidic inkjet printing technology has the following advantages: (1) The droplet size is smaller than the nozzle size, up to 50 μm, thereby realizing high-resolution printing. (2) The liquid selectivity is high, and compared with the traditional liquid with the liquid of 1-20cP, the electrohydrodynamic spraying printing can adapt to the liquid of 1-10000 cP. Because of these advantages, electrohydrodynamic jet printing technology has been successfully applied in many fields such as photodetection devices, flexible electronics, and micro-electro-propellers, functional protein microarrays, etc.
In order to achieve the diversity of printing functions of the arrayed nozzles, it is necessary to realize addressable controlled ejection of the arrayed nozzles. At present, most addressable control spraying of the arrayed electrofluidic spray heads is realized through an external electrode ring, but due to the asymmetry of an electric field, jet flow is inclined to the external electrode ring, so that spraying faults are caused. In addition, the diameter of the electrode ring is larger than that of the nozzle, so that great inconvenience is caused to the integration of the printing equipment and the assembly and maintenance of the spray head.
Patent CN201410289239.5 proposes a method for realizing independently controllable printing of a nozzle, but an extraction electrode needs to be additionally arranged in front of a nozzle, and ink is easy to deflect onto the extraction electrode, so that the nozzle is damaged, and the structure is complex and the manufacturing is difficult. Patent CN201510299992.7 proposes a miniature electrospray chip device and a manufacturing method thereof, but the spray chip cannot realize independent regulation and control of the spray printing state of each spray hole. Patent CN202111078207.7 proposes an electrofluidic nozzle for independently controllable printing, but has a large limitation on the conductivity of the solution.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides an addressable spraying device of an arrayed electrofluidic spray head.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the array electrofluidic spray head comprises an ink box, an orifice plate, nozzles and cross-shaped electrodes, wherein the ink box is arranged at the top of the orifice plate, the ink box is provided with an ink inlet and an ink outlet, the nozzles are provided with a plurality of nozzles which are uniformly arranged on the orifice plate and are communicated with the ink box, the cross-shaped electrodes are arranged at the bottom of the orifice plate corresponding to the positions of the nozzles in a surrounding manner, and the high-voltage power supply circuit is respectively and electrically connected with the cross-shaped electrodes;
the high-voltage power supply circuit is used for generating two-stage different voltages U 1 And U 2 To generate the corresponding voltage level of the spray or non-spray of each spray nozzle to realize the spray control of each spray nozzle;
the cross-shaped electrode is made of conductive materials and is used for applying different voltages to generate an electric field;
the cross electrode consists of two x electrodes positioned on an x axis and two y electrodes positioned on a y axis, wherein the x electrodes are driving electrodes for providing driving force for electrofluid injection, the y electrodes are regulating electrodes, and the control of an electric field at the tip of the nozzle is realized by regulating the voltage of the y electrodes, so that addressable injection is realized.
Further, the high-voltage power supply circuit is formed by sequentially connecting an upper computer, a digital main control, a high-voltage power supply and a plurality of high-voltage switches;
the upper computer is an interface for human-computer interaction and is used for converting patterns to be printed into printing data and sending the printing data to the digital main control, and the output of the high-voltage power supply and the multi-path high-voltage switch are regulated and controlled through software;
the digital master control is a microcontroller in the form of a singlechip or PLD/FPGA and is used for receiving, processing, buffering, outputting and time sequence logic control of printing data, after receiving the required printing data, the digital master control converts the printing data into logic control signals required by the actions of a high-voltage power supply and a multi-path voltage switch, and then outputs the logic control signals to the high-voltage power supply and the multi-path high-voltage switch in series or in parallel according to a given time sequence;
the high-voltage power supply is a high-voltage signal generating device and is used for converting an input low-voltage signal into a high-voltage signal, and connecting the high-voltage signal into a solution and a cross electrode through a lead wire to generate an electric field so as to drive the solution to spray;
the multi-path high-voltage switch is a switch which is in a plurality of relays or mos tubes and can bear high voltage, and is used for receiving printing data of the digital main control, controlling the electrode voltage state of each nozzle and further controlling the opening and closing of the nozzles.
Further, the jet orifice plate is made of an insulating material.
Further, the spray hole plate is obtained by processing through holes on an insulating flat plate or a flat plate with an insulating material interlayer by adopting laser ablation, photoetching and sand blasting processes.
Further, the length of the jet plate is 10mm, the width of the jet plate is 10mm, and the thickness of the jet plate is 0.5mm.
Further, the nozzle is adhered by being inserted into the through hole of the orifice plate and using UV curable adhesive.
Further, the nozzle adopts a stainless steel 34G needle head, the inner diameter is 60 mu m, and the outer diameter is 230 mu m.
Further, the surface of the nozzle is evaporated with a Teflon hydrophobic layer.
Furthermore, the cross electrode is arranged at the bottom of the spray orifice plate in a vapor deposition and adhesion mode.
Further, the surface of the cross-shaped electrode is covered with an insulating layer.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the addressable spraying device of the arrayed electrofluidic spray head, the cross-shaped electrodes are arranged at the bottom of the spray hole plate and correspond to the positions of all the spray nozzles, different voltages are applied to the x electrode pair and the y electrode pair in the electrodes, so that the tip electric field corresponding to the spray nozzles is changed, the spray nozzles are controlled to be opened or closed, finally the addressable control spraying of the arrayed electrofluidic spray head is realized, and the situation that jet flow is inclined to the electrodes does not occur because the cross-shaped electrodes are positioned at the root of the spray nozzles. The invention has the advantages of simple structure, convenient maintenance and stable performance.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an arrayed electro-fluidic spray head addressable spray device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the cross-shaped electrode distribution according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a control schematic diagram of the cross electrode according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
In order to illustrate the technical scheme of the invention, the following description is made by specific examples.
Examples
Referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment provides an addressable spraying device of an arrayed electrofluidic spray head, which includes an arrayed electrofluidic spray head and a high-voltage power circuit 2, the arrayed electrofluidic spray head includes an ink box 11, a spray hole plate 12, a nozzle 13 and a cross electrode 14, the ink box 11 is disposed at the top of the spray hole plate 12, the ink box 11 is provided with an ink inlet 111 and an ink outlet 112, the nozzle 13 is provided with a plurality of nozzles and is uniformly disposed on the spray hole plate 12 and communicated with the ink box 11, the cross electrode 14 is disposed at the bottom of the spray hole plate 12 corresponding to the positions of the nozzles 13, and the high-voltage power circuit is electrically connected with the cross electrodes 14.
The orifice plate 12 is a perforated plate, and is made of an insulating material such as glass, polymer, etc., and can be obtained by processing through holes on the insulating plate or a plate with an insulating material interlayer by laser ablation, photolithography and sand blasting processes, and the orifice plate 12 made of the insulating material is beneficial to preventing current from being transmitted between different nozzles, reducing electric field crosstalk, and improving addressable control effect. The orifice plate 12 has a length of 10mm, a width of 10mm and a thickness of 0.5mm.
Wherein, the nozzle 13 adopts a stainless steel 34G needle head, the inner diameter is 60 mu m, and the outer diameter is 230 mu m. The nozzle 13 is adhered by being inserted into the through hole of the orifice plate 12 and using UV curable glue.
Preferably, the surface of the nozzle 13 is vapor-deposited with a teflon hydrophobic layer to avoid ink diffusion.
The cross electrode 14 is made of conductive material, and is used for applying different voltages to generate an electric field, and is disposed at the bottom of the orifice plate 12 in a vapor deposition and adhesion mode, and the surface of the cross electrode 14 is covered with an insulating layer. As shown in connection with fig. 2, it consists of two x electrodes 141 located on the x-axis and two y electrodes 142 located on the y-axis; the x electrode 141 is a driving electrode for providing driving force for electrofluid injection; the y electrode 142 is a regulating electrode, and the voltage of the y electrode 142 is regulated to control the electric field at the tip of the nozzle 13, so that addressable spraying is realized.
Wherein the high voltage power supply circuit 2 is used for generating two-stage different voltages U 1 And U 2 The ejection control of each nozzle 13 is effected with the corresponding voltage level that generates the ejection or non-ejection of each nozzle 13. The high-voltage power supply circuit 2 is formed by sequentially connecting an upper computer, a digital main control, a high-voltage power supply and a plurality of high-voltage switches in a combined mode shown in FIG. 3; the upper computer is an interface for human-computer interaction and is used for converting patterns to be printed into printing data and sending the printing data to the digital main control, and the output of the high-voltage power supply and the multi-path high-voltage switch are regulated and controlled through software; the digital master control is a microcontroller in the form of a singlechip or PLD/FPGA and is used for receiving, processing, buffering, outputting and time sequence logic control of printing data, after receiving the required printing data, the digital master control converts the printing data into logic control signals required by the actions of a high-voltage power supply and a multi-path voltage switch, and then outputs the logic control signals to the high-voltage power supply and the multi-path high-voltage switch in series or in parallel according to a given time sequence; the high-voltage power supply is a high-voltage signal generating device and is used for converting an input low-voltage signal into a high-voltage signal, connecting the high-voltage signal into a solution and a cross electrode through a lead wire to generate an electric field so as to drive the solution to spray, wherein parameters of the high-voltage power supply can be manually adjusted and can also be controlled by the low-voltage signal generated by the digital main control; the multi-way high-voltage switch is a plurality of relays or moThe switch in s-tube type capable of bearing high voltage is used for receiving the printing data of the digital master control and controlling the electrode voltage state of each nozzle 13, thereby controlling the opening and closing of the nozzles 13.
When not ejecting, the voltage U is applied to the x electrode 141 and the y electrode 142 1 . The surface tension of the solution interface is F y The tip solution of the nozzle 13 is subjected to an electric field force F E1 At this time F y >F E1 The nozzle 13 does not spray. When the nozzle 13 is opened, the voltage of the y electrode 142 is increased to U 2 (U 2 >U 1 ) The electric field at the tip of the nozzle 13 corresponding to the cross-shaped electrodes 14 is enhanced, and the electric field force applied to the solution at the tip of the nozzle 13 is increased to F E2 At this time F y <F E2 The nozzle 13 is sprayed.
In normal spraying, the surface tension coefficient of the solution is y 0 For a diameter d N The surface tension of the solution interface is F y ＝4y 0 /d N . At this time, the same operation voltage U is applied to the x-electrode 141 and the y-electrode 142 of each group of the cross-shaped electrodes 14 1 The electric field force applied to the solution at the tip of the nozzle 13Wherein E is 1 Is the electric field strength between the nozzle 13 and the print substrate. At this time F y >F E1 All nozzles 13 do not spray. Increasing the y-electrode 142 voltage to U 2 (U 2 >U 1 ) The voltage of the x electrode 141 is kept unchanged, the electric field at the tip of the corresponding nozzle 13 is enhanced, and the electric field strength is increased to E 2 The electric field force applied to the solution at the tip of the nozzle 13 increases to F E2 ，F y0 <F E2 The nozzle 13 is opened to spray the solution.
A personal computer PC is selected as an upper computer, and a singlechip is selected as a digital master control. Before the arrayed electrofluidic nozzle is used, the mounting holes on the ink box 11 are aligned with the threaded holes on the experiment platform, the arrayed electrofluidic nozzle is fixed on the experiment platform through bolts, and the arrayed electrofluidic nozzle clamp is adjusted to enable the nozzles 13 to be parallel to the printing substrate, so that the nozzles 13 are guaranteed to receive the same electric field force. The ethanol solution is then pumped in from the ink inlet 111 using a flow pump, and the bubbles in the ink cartridge 11 are discharged from the ink outlet 112. When the printing height was controlled to be 1mm after the ink cartridge 11 was filled with the ethanol solution and the ambient temperature was 20c, the opening voltage of the nozzle 13 was about 900V.
When the arrayed electrofluidic spray head is used, a personal computer PC outputs signals to a singlechip, and the singlechip sends the signals to a high-voltage power supply and a multi-path high-voltage switch to control the on-off of the high-voltage power supply and the multi-path high-voltage switch, so that the voltage state of each electrode is controlled. First, 800V was applied to the x-electrode 141 and the y-electrode 142 of the cross-shaped electrodes, and the liquid was subjected to an electric field force smaller than the surface tension to which the liquid was subjected, and all the nozzles 13 were not ejected. At this time, for the nozzle 13 to be turned on, the voltage of the corresponding y electrode 142 is changed to 1200v, and the voltage of the x electrode 141 is kept constant, so that the electric field strength between the nozzle 13 and the printing substrate is increased, the electric field force applied to the liquid is greater than the surface tension applied to the liquid, and the nozzle 13 starts to eject. When the ejection of the nozzle 13 is required to be stopped again, the y electrode 142 voltage is changed again to 800V, and the rest remains unchanged, and the ejection of the nozzle 13 is stopped. By controlling the different nozzles 13 to spray in sequence, the patterned printing is completed.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiment of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. An arrayed electrofluidic sprinkler addressable spray device, characterized by: the high-voltage power supply circuit is electrically connected with the cross-shaped electrodes respectively;
the high-voltage power supply circuit is used for generating two-stage different voltages U 1 And U 2 To generate the corresponding voltage level of the spray or non-spray of each spray nozzle to realize the spray control of each spray nozzle;
the cross-shaped electrode is made of conductive materials and is used for applying different voltages to generate an electric field;
the cross electrode consists of two x electrodes positioned on an x axis and two y electrodes positioned on a y axis, wherein the x electrodes are driving electrodes for providing driving force for electrofluid injection, the y electrodes are regulating electrodes, and the control of an electric field at the tip of the nozzle is realized by regulating the voltage of the y electrodes, so that addressable injection is realized.
2. An arrayed electrofluidic spray head addressable spray device according to claim 1, wherein: the high-voltage power supply circuit is formed by sequentially connecting an upper computer, a digital main control, a high-voltage power supply and a plurality of high-voltage switches;
the upper computer is an interface for human-computer interaction and is used for converting patterns to be printed into printing data and sending the printing data to the digital main control, and the output of the high-voltage power supply and the multi-path high-voltage switch are regulated and controlled through software;
the digital master control is a microcontroller in the form of a singlechip or PLD/FPGA and is used for receiving, processing, buffering, outputting and time sequence logic control of printing data, after receiving the required printing data, the digital master control converts the printing data into logic control signals required by the actions of a high-voltage power supply and a multi-path voltage switch, and then outputs the logic control signals to the high-voltage power supply and the multi-path high-voltage switch in series or in parallel according to a given time sequence;
the high-voltage power supply is a high-voltage signal generating device and is used for converting an input low-voltage signal into a high-voltage signal, and connecting the high-voltage signal into a solution and a cross electrode through a lead wire to generate an electric field so as to drive the solution to spray;
the multi-path high-voltage switch is a switch which is in a plurality of relays or mos tubes and can bear high voltage, and is used for receiving printing data of the digital main control, controlling the electrode voltage state of each nozzle and further controlling the opening and closing of the nozzles.
3. An arrayed electrofluidic spray head addressable spray device according to claim 1, wherein: the spray hole plate is made of insulating materials.
4. An arrayed electrofluidic spray head addressable spray device according to claim 3, wherein: the spray hole plate is obtained by processing through holes on an insulating flat plate or a flat plate with an insulating material interlayer by adopting laser ablation, photoetching and sand blasting processes.
5. An arrayed electrofluidic spray head addressable spray device of claim 4, wherein: the length of the jet plate is 10mm, the width of the jet plate is 10mm, and the thickness of the jet plate is 0.5mm.
6. An arrayed electrofluidic spray head addressable spray device of claim 4, wherein: the nozzle is adhered by being inserted into the through hole of the orifice plate and using a UV curable adhesive.
7. An arrayed electrofluidic spray head addressable spray device according to claim 6, wherein: the nozzle adopts a stainless steel 34G needle head, the inner diameter is 60 mu m, and the outer diameter is 230 mu m.
8. An arrayed electrofluidic spray head addressable spray device according to claim 7, wherein: the surface of the nozzle is evaporated with a Teflon hydrophobic layer.
9. An arrayed electrofluidic spray head addressable spray device according to claim 1, wherein: the cross electrode is arranged at the bottom of the spray orifice plate in a vapor plating and pasting mode.
10. An arrayed electrofluidic nozzle addressable spray device according to claim 1 or 9, wherein: the surface of the cross-shaped electrode is covered with an insulating layer.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311190112.3A CN117002153A (en) | 2023-09-15 | 2023-09-15 | Array electrofluidic nozzle addressable spraying device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311190112.3A CN117002153A (en) | 2023-09-15 | 2023-09-15 | Array electrofluidic nozzle addressable spraying device |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN117002153A true CN117002153A (en) | 2023-11-07 |
Family
ID=88562011
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311190112.3A Pending CN117002153A (en) | 2023-09-15 | 2023-09-15 | Array electrofluidic nozzle addressable spraying device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN117002153A (en) |
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2023
- 2023-09-15 CN CN202311190112.3A patent/CN117002153A/en active Pending
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