CN116990980A - Laser waveguide assembly, laser generating device and laser ablation device - Google Patents
Laser waveguide assembly, laser generating device and laser ablation device Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
- G02B27/0927—Systems for changing the beam intensity distribution, e.g. Gaussian to top-hat
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
- G02B27/0938—Using specific optical elements
- G02B27/0994—Fibers, light pipes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/28—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising
- G02B27/286—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising for controlling or changing the state of polarisation, e.g. transforming one polarisation state into another
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0096—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the lights guides being of the hollow type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/005—Optical devices external to the laser cavity, specially adapted for lasers, e.g. for homogenisation of the beam or for manipulating laser pulses, e.g. pulse shaping
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/005—Optical components external to the laser cavity, specially adapted therefor, e.g. for homogenisation or merging of the beams or for manipulating laser pulses, e.g. pulse shaping
Abstract
The invention relates to a laser waveguide assembly, a laser generating device and a laser ablation device, which comprise a waveguide body and a reflecting layer, wherein the waveguide body is of a hollow structure, and the reflecting layer covers the inner wall of the hollow structure; the waveguide body is provided with a first end and a second end, the first end is used for receiving laser pulses, and the second end is used for outputting the laser pulses after transmission in the waveguide body; the inner diameter of the waveguide body is not smaller than the diameter of an input laser spot, the cross section area of the waveguide body is gradually reduced from the first end to the second end, the first end with larger cross section area is beneficial to collecting Ji Sanshe light, energy waste is avoided, the second end with gradually reduced cross section area is beneficial to reducing the spot, so that laser energy is more concentrated and is easier to couple with a rear-end light transmission piece; meanwhile, the waveguide body with the hollow structure can provide a total reflection structure for exciting various high-order modes, so that the uniformity of the light intensity of the cross section of the light beam is realized, and the damage to devices is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lasers, in particular to a laser waveguide assembly, a laser generating device and a laser ablation device.
Background
With the development and progress of laser science, the laser utilization fields, such as laser cutting, laser radar, laser ablation and the like, are more and more, and the laser utilization rate and laser intensity distribution are in the direction of force, for example, the laser ablation technology is a technology for guiding laser pulses to a lesion tissue in a blood vessel through an optical fiber bundle for ablation, and the technical problem of the technology is that high-energy laser pulses in ultraviolet band damage the optical fiber, and the damage mechanism is that on one hand, when the laser pulses are coupled from a laser to the optical fiber bundle, the damage to the end face of the optical fiber is caused because the energy density of light exceeds the damage threshold of quartz glass; on the other hand, when the laser pulse is conducted in the optical fiber, the self-interference phenomenon caused by the coherence causes uneven light spot energy distribution, and damage is easily generated in the optical fiber. On the other hand, stray light can occur in the laser during the transmission process, and the consumption of the stray light leads to the reduction of the laser utilization rate.
Therefore, how to improve the uniformity of the light spot energy distribution, reduce the damage of the light spot to the device, and improve the laser utilization rate has become a technical problem to be solved in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a laser waveguide assembly, a laser generating device, and a laser ablation apparatus, which have the characteristics of high optical efficiency, high spot uniformity, and low damage to devices.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a laser waveguide assembly, which includes a waveguide body and a reflective layer, wherein the waveguide body is a hollow structure, and the reflective layer covers an inner wall of the hollow structure; the waveguide body is provided with a first end and a second end, the first end is used for receiving laser pulses, and the second end is used for outputting the laser pulses after transmission in the waveguide body; the inner diameter of the waveguide body is not smaller than the diameter of an input laser spot, and the cross-sectional area of the waveguide body is gradually reduced from a first end to a second end. According to the laser waveguide assembly provided by the invention, the cross section area of the waveguide body is gradually reduced from the first end to the second end, as the laser can form certain scattered light in the transmission process, the first end with larger cross section area is beneficial to receiving Ji Sanshe light, so that energy waste is avoided, and the second end with gradually reduced cross section area is beneficial to reducing light spots, so that laser energy is more concentrated and is easier to couple with the rear-end light transmission element; meanwhile, the waveguide body with the hollow structure can provide a total reflection structure for exciting various high-order modes, so that the uniformity of the light intensity of the cross section of the light beam is realized, and the damage to devices is reduced.
In one embodiment, the waveguide body is filled with at least one of nitrogen, oxygen, helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, radon, water vapor, carbon dioxide, and air.
In one embodiment, after the reflectivity of the reflecting layer is not lower than 85% and the laser pulse is input from the first end of the waveguide body, the light is continuously reflected in the hollow waveguide body under the action of the reflecting layer, and more than two higher-order modes are excited.
In one embodiment, the coating comprises any one of an aluminum coating, a silver coating, or a dielectric film.
In one embodiment, the cross section of the inner cavity of the waveguide body is circular, square or regular hexagon.
In one embodiment, the reflective layer is a reflective scattering layer.
In one embodiment, the laser generating device further comprises a laser generator for generating laser pulses and an optical fiber connected to the first end of the waveguide body for transmitting the laser pulses generated by the laser generator to the waveguide body.
In one embodiment, the laser generating device further comprises a laser generator, a scattering module and a focusing module, wherein the laser generator is used for generating laser pulses; the scattering module is used for diverging laser so as to reduce the spatial coherence of laser pulses; the focusing module is used for focusing the divergent laser to the first end of the waveguide body.
In one embodiment, the scattering module comprises a scattering lens or an array of scattering lenses.
In one embodiment, the focal length of the focusing module is greater than 150mm.
In one embodiment, the front end of the scattering module is further provided with a beam expander.
In one embodiment, the laser generator generates laser light having a wavelength of 300nm to 400nm.
In one embodiment, a laser generating device is provided, including the foregoing laser waveguide assembly, and further including a laser generator and a laser pulse stretcher, where the laser generator is configured to generate laser pulses, and the laser pulse stretcher includes N optical mirror groups, N-1 beam splitting elements, an S-polarization selection reflection module, a P-polarization selection reflection module, and a beam combining device; the light reflecting mirror group comprises a first reflecting mirror and a second reflecting mirror which are oppositely arranged, laser pulses are input into the light reflecting mirror group and then are output after being reflected between the first reflecting mirror and the second reflecting mirror for multiple times, the beam splitting element is arranged at the output end of the light reflecting mirror group and is used for splitting laser output by the light reflecting mirror group into two beams of laser, the first beam of laser is input into the S-polarized reflection selecting module, the second laser beam is incident into the next group of light reflector group, the S polarization selection reflection module is used for converting the received light beam into S polarized light, the P polarization selection reflection module is used for converting the received light beam into P polarized light, and the beam combining device is arranged at the rear ends of the S polarization selection reflection module and the P polarization selection reflection module and is used for combining the S polarized light and the P polarized light and outputting the combined light through the converging lens. The laser pulse stretcher can ensure that the energy utilization rate of laser is not lost, simultaneously effectively stretches the pulse width, reduces the peak power of output pulses, avoids unfavorable nonlinear effects caused by excessive peak power and damages to optical elements, and comprises damages to a scattering module, a focusing module and a waveguide component, and simultaneously stretches the width of laser pulses and can also avoid ionized air. The widened laser pulse is transmitted to the laser waveguide assembly through the scattering module, the focusing module and the like, and the finally formed laser pulse has the advantages of high optical efficiency, high light spot uniformity and low damage.
In one embodiment, the optical reflector group further comprises an angle adjusting mirror, and the angle adjusting mirror is arranged at the head end and/or the tail end of the first reflector and/or the second reflector and is used for adjusting the laser pulse turning times.
In one embodiment, the number N of the optical reflector groups is an even number greater than or equal to 2, and the number of the beam splitting elements is N-1.
In one embodiment, the laser generator generates laser light having a wavelength of 300nm to 400nm.
In one embodiment, the laser generating device further comprises a laser generator and a laser pulse stretcher, wherein the laser generator is used for generating laser pulses, and the laser pulse stretcher comprises N light reflecting mirror groups, N-1 beam splitting elements, an S polarization selection reflection module, a P polarization selection reflection module and a beam combining device; the light reflecting mirror group comprises a first reflecting mirror and a second reflecting mirror which are oppositely arranged, the laser pulse is input into the light reflecting mirror group and then is output after being reflected between the first reflecting mirror and the second reflecting mirror for a plurality of times, the beam splitting element is arranged at the output end of the light reflecting mirror group, the laser beam output by the optical reflector group is divided into two beams of laser, one beam of laser is input into the S-polarization polarized selective polarized reflection module, the other laser beam is incident into the next group of light reflecting mirror group, the S-polarized selective reflection module is used for converting the received light beam into S-polarized light, the light beam combining device is arranged at the rear ends of the S-polarized light selecting and reflecting module and the P-polarized light selecting and reflecting module and is used for combining the S-polarized light and the P-polarized light and outputting the combined light through a converging lens, the output end of the converging lens is connected with a laser waveguide assembly, the waveguide assembly comprises a waveguide body and a reflecting layer, the waveguide body is of a hollow structure, and the reflecting layer covers the inner wall of the hollow structure; the waveguide body is provided with a first end and a second end, the first end is used for receiving laser pulses, and the second end is used for outputting the laser pulses after transmission in the waveguide body; the inner diameter of the waveguide body is not smaller than the diameter of an input laser spot.
In one embodiment, a laser ablation apparatus is provided that includes the aforementioned laser waveguide assembly, and further includes a laser catheter connected to the laser waveguide assembly.
In one embodiment, there is further provided a laser ablation apparatus including the laser generating apparatus described above, the laser ablation apparatus further including a laser catheter connected to the laser waveguide assembly.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a laser generating apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a waveguide body with a circular cross-section in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a structure in which the cross section of the inner cavity of the waveguide body is regular hexagon in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of an optical mirror assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a laser pulse stretcher according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a laser pulse stretcher according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a laser ablation apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic view of a laser ablation apparatus according to another embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the invention will be readily understood, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. The present invention may be embodied in many other forms than described herein and similarly modified by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention, whereby the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly, through intermediaries, or both, may be in communication with each other or in interaction with each other, unless expressly defined otherwise. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
In the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature "up" or "down" a second feature may be the first and second features in direct contact, or the first and second features in indirect contact via an intervening medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "over" and "on" a second feature may be a first feature being directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is level higher than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature may be the first feature being directly under or obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is less level than the second feature.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "fixed" or "disposed" on another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and the like are used herein for illustrative purposes only and are not meant to be the only embodiment.
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the present embodiment provides a laser waveguide assembly, which includes a waveguide body 101 and a reflective layer 102, wherein the waveguide body 101 is a hollow structure, and the reflective layer 102 covers an inner wall of the hollow structure; the waveguide body 101 has a first end 1001 and a second end 1002, the first end 1001 is used for receiving laser pulses, and the second end 1002 is used for outputting laser pulses after transmission in the waveguide body; the inner diameter of the waveguide body 101 is not smaller than the diameter of the input laser spot, the cross-sectional area of the waveguide body 101 is gradually reduced from the first end 1001 to the second end 1002, and the first end with larger cross-sectional area is beneficial to receiving Ji Sanshe light due to the fact that laser can form certain scattered light in the transmission process, so that energy waste is avoided, and meanwhile, the second end which is gradually reduced is beneficial to reducing the spot, so that laser energy is more concentrated and easy to couple. The waveguide body with the hollow structure can provide a total reflection structure for exciting various high-order modes, and light intensity homogenization of a light beam cross section is realized. The reflecting layer is a reflecting and scattering layer, and the waveguide body 101 and the reflecting layer 102 may be an integral structure, for example, a dielectric film, a reflecting film structure or a reflecting and scattering film structure material may be used to enclose a hollow structure, so that the waveguide body 101 and the reflecting layer 102 are formed into an integral structure, and the waveguide body 101 and the reflecting layer 102 may be a combination of two single structures, which is not limited thereto.
In one embodiment, the waveguide body 101 of the hollow structure is filled with at least one of nitrogen, oxygen, helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, radon, water vapor, carbon dioxide, or air. The central area of the hollow structure waveguide body is air, and the area is used for transmitting laser pulses and plays a role in increasing the area of light spots and improving the uniformity of light spot energy distribution. The structure has the advantages that air and other gases are used as light guide media, and the coupling end face damage and the waveguide internal damage in the transmission process can not be generated due to focused laser.
In one embodiment, the reflectivity of the reflective layer 102 is not less than 85%, such as, but not limited to, 86%, 88%, 91%, 93%, 96%, 97%, etc.
In one embodiment, the coating comprises any one of an aluminum coating, a silver coating, or a dielectric film.
After the laser is transmitted to the laser waveguide assembly in the above embodiment, two or more higher-order modes may be excited by the laser pulse, specifically, in one embodiment, after the laser pulse enters the waveguide body 101, the laser pulse changes the light direction in the waveguide body 101 with a hollow structure through the reflection of the reflecting layer 102, the laser is continuously reflected under the action of the reflecting layer 102 in the waveguide body 101, so that the laser pulse propagates in the hollow structure to be disordered, and at this time, the hollow structure can support more light field modes, so more higher-order modes are excited, and more than two higher-order modes are excited, so that the energy distribution uniformity of the laser spot is improved, that is, compared with the input laser spot, the laser energy distribution after passing through the waveguide assembly is more uniform, meanwhile, the coherence of the laser pulse is destroyed, and the damage of the high-energy laser pulse to devices such as optical fibers is reduced.
In one embodiment, the cross-section of the inner cavity of the waveguide body 101 is circular, square, regular hexagon or any other shape.
In one embodiment, a laser generating device is provided, which includes the aforementioned laser waveguide assembly, and further includes a laser generator 201 and an optical fiber (not shown in the figure), where the laser generator 201 is configured to generate a laser pulse, and the optical fiber is connected to the first end 1001 of the waveguide body 101, and is configured to transmit the laser pulse generated by the laser generator 201 into the waveguide body 101. In this embodiment, the laser output by the laser generator 201 is directly transmitted to the laser waveguide assembly through the optical fiber, so that light is uniformly processed in the waveguide assembly, and the output light is more uniform, so that the device is not easily damaged.
As shown in fig. 7, in one embodiment, the laser generating device further includes a laser generator 201, a scattering module 202 and a focusing module 203, where the laser generator 201 is used for generating laser pulses, and the laser generator uses Nd of 3 rd harmonic to be a YAG laser, and the wavelength of the laser pulses is 355nm; the scattering module 202 is configured to receive a laser pulse sent by the laser generator, increase a divergence angle of the laser by scattering, and make the laser diverge, so as to reduce spatial coherence of the laser pulse; the focusing module 203 is configured to receive the scattered laser light and focus the scattered laser light to the first end of the waveguide body, illustratively: the focusing module 203 is a focusing lens.
In one embodiment, the scattering module 202 includes a scattering lens or an array of scattering lenses, one surface of the scattering lens is a light-transmitting surface 2021 for receiving laser light, and the other surface is an light-scattering surface 2023 for scattering the laser light pulse. The light-diffusing surface 2023 has various specifications, typically 100 to 1500 mesh, and can diffuse the laser pulse to different degrees. Illustratively: the material of the lens for scattering laser is ultraviolet fused quartz.
In one embodiment, the focal length of the focusing module 203 is greater than 150mm, and a long focal length can effectively avoid the ionization of air by the laser pulse.
In one embodiment, a beam expander (not shown in the figure) is further disposed at the front end of the scattering module 202, so as to prolong the service life of the scattering module.
In one embodiment, a laser generating device comprises the laser waveguide assembly, wherein the waveguide assembly is a hollow optical fiber, and the hollow optical fiber is composed of a quartz glass sleeve and an aluminum coating, and the aluminum coating is positioned on the inner wall of the quartz glass sleeve. The central area of the hollow structure waveguide is air, and the area is used for transmitting laser pulses and plays a role in increasing the area of the light spots and improving the uniformity of the energy distribution of the light spots. The structure has the advantages that air is used as a light guide medium, and the coupling end face damage and the waveguide internal damage in the transmission process can not be generated due to focused laser.
As can be seen: the laser pulse energy is slightly amplified, so that peak power is rapidly increased, gain saturation is caused to cause low-efficiency amplification to generate unfavorable nonlinear effects when the peak power is high to a certain extent, and meanwhile, the service life of an optical element of an amplifier is damaged. In particular, as shown in fig. 4-6, in one embodiment, a laser generating apparatus includes the foregoing laser waveguide assembly, and further includes a laser generator and a laser pulse stretcher, where the laser generator is configured to generate laser pulses, and the laser pulse stretcher includes N optical mirror groups 300, N-1 beam splitting elements 400, an S-polarization selection reflection module 500, a P-polarization selection reflection module 600, and a beam combining device 700; the light reflecting mirror group 300 comprises a first reflecting mirror 301 and a second reflecting mirror 302 which are oppositely arranged, the laser pulse 303 is input into the light reflecting mirror group and then is output after being reflected between the first reflecting mirror 301 and the second reflecting mirror 302 for a plurality of times, the beam splitting element 400 is arranged at the output end of the light reflecting mirror 300 group, for dividing the laser light outputted from the optical mirror group 300 into two laser light beams, one laser light beam 401 is inputted into the S-polarized selective reflection module 500, another laser 402 is incident on the next set of optical mirror groups 300, the S-polarization polarized and reflected module 500 and the P-polarization polarized and reflected module 600 are used to change the polarization state of the laser, specifically, the S-polarization-selection reflection module 500 is configured to obtain polarized light from a received light beam, absorb or reflect P-polarization light, and finally transmit only S-polarization light forward, the P-polarization-selection reflection module 600 is configured to obtain polarized light from a received light beam, absorb or reflect S-polarization light, and finally transmit only P-polarization light forward, and the beam combining device 700 is disposed at the rear ends of the S-polarization-selection reflection module 500 and the P-polarization-selection reflection module 600, and is configured to combine the received S-polarization light and P-polarization light, and output the combined light through the converging lens. Preferably, the beam splitting element 400 is a reflective transmissive mirror. The laser pulse stretcher can be arranged in front of the laser waveguide component, the laser beam after beam combination can be directly output to the waveguide body or can be output to the scattering module and the like for processing and then transmitted to the waveguide body, the laser after beam combination can also be directly output to the optical fiber, the laser pulse stretcher can also be arranged behind the laser waveguide component, and the laser pulse enters the laser pulse stretcher for stretching after being transmitted through the waveguide component. The laser pulse stretcher in the embodiment can ensure that the energy utilization rate of laser is not lost, simultaneously effectively stretches the pulse width, reduces the peak power of output pulses, avoids unfavorable nonlinear effects caused by excessive peak power and damages to optical elements, wherein the damages comprise damages to a scattering module, a focusing module and a waveguide component, and simultaneously stretches the width of laser pulses and can also avoid ionized air. The widened laser pulse is transmitted to the laser waveguide assembly through the scattering module, the focusing module and the like, and the finally formed laser pulse has the advantages of high optical efficiency, high light spot uniformity and low damage.
In one embodiment, the laser generator is configured to generate high-energy laser pulses in the ultraviolet band of a specific wavelength, with typical wavelengths of the laser pulses ranging from 300nm to 400nm.
In one embodiment, the optical mirror assembly 300 further includes an angle adjusting mirror 303, where the angle adjusting mirror 303 is disposed at a front end and/or a rear end of the first mirror 301 and/or the second mirror 302, and is used to adjust the number of laser pulse reflection, and the greater the number of reflection times, the greater the pulse extension width, the smaller the peak power of the output pulse, and the smaller the adverse nonlinear effect and damage caused to the optical element.
In one embodiment, the number N of the optical mirror groups 300 is an even number greater than or equal to 2, and the number N-1 of the beam splitting elements 400. Since the last laser pulse enters the nth light reflecting mirror group and exits, beam splitting is not needed, and the number of beam splitting elements is 1 less than that of the light reflecting mirror group. Preferably, the number of the optical mirror groups 300 may be set to 2 groups, 4 groups, 6 groups, 8 groups, 10 groups, or the like; the number of the beam splitting elements 400 may be set to 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, etc.
The specific working principle is as follows: the laser generator is used for generating laser pulses, the laser pulses are output after being input into the first group of light reflecting mirror groups 300 and reflected between the first reflecting mirror 301 and the second reflecting mirror 302 for multiple times, after being output for time delay, the laser is divided into two beams of laser by the first beam dividing element 400, one beam of laser 401 is input into the S-polarized reflection module 500, another laser beam 402 enters the next light reflecting mirror group 300, the laser beam entering the second light reflecting mirror group 300 is output after multiple reflections, and then is split into two laser beams by the second beam splitting element 400, one laser beam 401 enters the S-polarized reflection module 500, and the other laser beam 402 enters the next light reflecting mirror group 300, and so on. The N/2 laser beams formed first pass through the S-polarized-light-selecting-reflecting module 500 and are converted into S-polarized light, and the N/2 laser beams formed later pass through the P-polarized-light-selecting-reflecting module 600 and are converted into P-polarized light, which is an example: the light reflector group 300 is 8 groups, the laser pulse is divided into 8 beams of laser light, the 8 beams of laser light pass through the S polarization and polarization selection and reflection module 500 and the P polarization and polarization selection and reflection module 600 in sequence, the first four beams of laser light are converted into S polarized light through the S polarization and polarization selection and reflection module 500, the last four beams of laser light are converted into P polarized light through the P polarization and polarization selection and reflection module 600, and the beam combining device 700 is arranged at the rear ends of the S polarization and polarization selection and reflection module 500 and the P polarization and polarization selection and reflection module 600 and is used for combining the S polarized light and the P polarized light and outputting the combined light through the converging lens 800. The optical mirror group 300 may be 8 groups, the laser pulse is split into 8 laser beams which pass through the S-polarized selective reflection module 500 and the P-polarized selective reflection module 600 in sequence, the 1 st, 3 rd, 5 th and 7 th laser beams are converted into S polarized light by the S polarized selective reflection module 500, the 2 nd, 4 th, 6 th and 8 th laser beams are converted into P polarized light by the P polarized selective reflection module 600, the beam combining device 700 is disposed at the rear ends of the S-polarized light selecting and reflecting module 500 and the P-polarized light selecting and reflecting module 600, and is used for combining the S-polarized light and the P-polarized light, and then outputting the combined light through the converging lens 800.
In one embodiment, there is also provided a laser generating apparatus comprising a laser generator for generating laser pulses, the laser pulse stretcher comprises N light reflecting mirror groups 300, N-1 beam splitting elements 400, an S polarization selection reflection module 500, a P polarization selection reflection module 600 and a beam combining device 700; the optical mirror group 300 includes a first mirror 301 and a second mirror 302 which are disposed opposite to each other, the laser pulse is input to the optical mirror group 300, reflected between the first mirror 301 and the second mirror 302 for multiple times, and output, the beam splitting element 400 is disposed at the output end of the optical mirror group 300, for dividing the laser beam outputted from the optical mirror group 300 into two laser beams, one laser beam 401 is inputted into the S-polarized selective reflection module, the other laser beam 402 is inputted into the next optical mirror group 300, the S-polarized selective reflection module 500 is used for converting the received light beam into S-polarized light, the P-polarization-selection reflection module 600 is configured to convert a received light beam into P-polarization light, the beam combining device 700 is disposed at the rear ends of the S-polarization-selection reflection module 500 and the P-polarization-selection reflection module 600, and is configured to combine the S-polarization light and the P-polarization light, and output the combined light through the converging lens 800, the output end of the converging lens 800 is connected to a laser waveguide assembly, the waveguide assembly includes a waveguide body 101 and a reflective layer 102, the waveguide body 101 is of a hollow structure, and the reflective layer 102 covers the inner wall of the hollow structure; the waveguide body 101 has a first end 1001 and a second end 1002, the first end 1001 is used for receiving laser pulses, and the second end 1002 is used for outputting laser pulses after transmission in the waveguide body 101; the inner diameter of the waveguide body 101 is not smaller than the diameter of the input laser spot. The present embodiment is different in that the structure of the waveguide body 101 is not limited, and the cross-sectional area of the waveguide body 101 may be equal, smaller from the first end to the second end, or larger from the smaller.
As shown in fig. 7-8, in one embodiment, a laser ablation apparatus is provided that includes the aforementioned laser waveguide assembly, and further includes a laser catheter 30, where the laser catheter 30 is connected to the laser waveguide assembly. The laser catheter 30 in this embodiment guides the laser pulse to the vascular lesion tissue for ablation, and the laser pulse has high uniformity, so that the focus ablation can be effectively performed and the damage to the device can be reduced. Preferably, a first convex lens 40 and a second convex lens 50 are further disposed between the waveguide assembly and the laser catheter 30, specifically, the first convex lens 40 and the second convex lens 50 are disposed behind the second end of the waveguide body 101, the first convex lens 40 and the second convex lens 50 are used for isolating the second end of the laser catheter, preventing powder sputtered on a metal fixture of the optical fiber catheter from flying into the waveguide assembly, avoiding the degradation of transmission efficiency and damage to devices caused by pollution to the waveguide assembly, and the first convex lens 40 and the second convex lens 50 are used for transmitting laser output by the waveguide assembly into the laser catheter 30.
In one embodiment, a laser ablation apparatus is provided, including the aforementioned laser generating apparatus, and further including a laser conduit 30, the laser conduit 30 being connected to the laser waveguide assembly. The laser catheter in the embodiment guides laser pulse to vascular lesion tissues for ablation, and the laser pulse has high energy and strong uniformity and can effectively ablate focus; meanwhile, after the laser pulse is good in uniformity and the pulse width is widened, the damage to the device is avoided while the optical efficiency is ensured. Preferably, a first convex lens 40 and a second convex lens 50 are further arranged between the waveguide assembly and the laser catheter 30, the focal lengths of the first convex lens 40 and the second convex lens 50 are equal, the first convex lens 40 and the second convex lens 50 are used for isolating the second end of the laser catheter, powder sputtered on a metal clamp of the optical fiber catheter is prevented from flying into the waveguide assembly, the waveguide assembly is prevented from being polluted, the reduction of transmission efficiency and the damage of devices are avoided, and the first convex lens 40 and the second convex lens 50 are used for transmitting laser output by the waveguide assembly into the laser catheter 30.
It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above-described exemplary embodiments, but may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to specific examples, which are provided to facilitate understanding of the method and core ideas of the present invention; also, it is within the scope of the present invention to be modified by those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the present teachings. In view of the foregoing, this description should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (26)
1. A laser waveguide assembly comprising: the waveguide body is of a hollow structure, and the reflecting layer covers the inner wall of the hollow structure; the waveguide body is provided with a first end and a second end, the first end is used for receiving laser pulses, and the second end is used for outputting the laser pulses after transmission in the waveguide body; the inner diameter of the waveguide body is not smaller than the diameter of an input laser spot, and the cross-sectional area of the waveguide body is gradually reduced from a first end to a second end.
2. A laser pulse waveguide assembly as defined in claim 1, wherein: the waveguide body is filled with at least one of nitrogen, oxygen, helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, radon, water vapor, carbon dioxide and air.
3. A laser waveguide assembly as in claim 1 wherein: the reflectivity of the reflecting layer is not lower than 85%, and after the laser pulse is input from the first end of the waveguide body, light is continuously reflected in the waveguide body with the hollow structure under the action of the reflecting layer, so that more than two high-order modes are excited.
4. A laser waveguide assembly as in claim 3 wherein: the reflecting layer is any one of an aluminum coating, a silver coating or a dielectric film.
5. A laser waveguide assembly as in claim 1 wherein: the reflecting layer is a reflecting and scattering layer.
6. A laser waveguide assembly as in claim 1 wherein: the cross section of the inner cavity of the waveguide body is round, square or regular hexagon.
7. A laser generating device comprising a laser waveguide assembly as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6.
8. The laser generating device of claim 7, further comprising a laser generator for generating laser pulses and an optical fiber coupled to the first end of the waveguide body for transmitting the laser pulses generated by the laser generator to the waveguide body.
9. The laser generating device of claim 7, further comprising a laser generator, a scattering module, and a focusing module,
the laser generator is used for generating laser pulses;
the scattering module is used for diverging laser so as to reduce the spatial coherence of laser pulses;
the focusing module is used for focusing the divergent laser to the first end of the waveguide body.
10. A laser light generating device as claimed in claim 9, wherein the scattering module comprises a scattering lens or an array of scattering lenses.
11. The laser generating device according to claim 9, wherein the front end of the scattering module is further provided with a beam expander.
12. A laser light generating device as claimed in claim 9, wherein the focal length of the focusing module is greater than 150mm.
13. A laser generating device according to any of claims 7 to 12, wherein the laser generator generates laser light having a wavelength of 300nm to 400nm.
14. A laser generating device as claimed in any one of claims 7 to 12, further comprising a laser generator for generating laser pulses and a laser pulse stretcher, the laser pulse stretcher comprises N light reflecting mirror groups, N-1 beam splitting elements, an S polarization selection reflection module, a P polarization selection reflection module and a beam combining device; the light reflecting mirror group comprises a first reflecting mirror and a second reflecting mirror which are oppositely arranged, the laser pulse is output after being input into the light reflecting mirror group and reflected between the first reflecting mirror and the second reflecting mirror for multiple times, the beam splitting element is arranged at the output end of the light reflecting mirror group and used for splitting the laser output by the light reflecting mirror group into two beams of laser, one beam of laser is input into the S-polarized reflection selecting module, the other laser beam is incident into the next group of light reflector group, the S polarization selection reflection module is used for converting the received light beam into S polarized light, the P polarization selection reflection module is used for converting the received light beam into P polarized light, and the beam combining device is arranged at the rear ends of the S polarization selection reflection module and the P polarization selection reflection module and is used for combining the S polarized light and the P polarized light and outputting the combined light through the converging lens.
15. The laser light generating device according to claim 14, wherein the optical mirror group further comprises an angle adjusting mirror, and the angle adjusting mirror is disposed at a head end and/or a tail end of the first mirror and/or the second mirror, for adjusting the number of laser pulse reflexes.
16. The laser light generating device according to claim 14, wherein the number N of the optical mirror groups is an even number of 2 or more, and the number of the beam splitting elements is N-1.
17. A laser light generating device as claimed in claim 14, wherein the laser light generated by the laser light generator has a wavelength of 300nm to 400nm.
18. The laser generating device is characterized by comprising a laser generator and a laser pulse stretcher, wherein the laser generator is used for generating laser pulses, and the laser pulse stretcher comprises N light reflecting mirror groups, N-1 beam splitting elements, an S polarization selection reflection module, a P polarization selection reflection module and a beam combining device; the light reflecting mirror group comprises a first reflecting mirror and a second reflecting mirror which are oppositely arranged, the laser pulse is input into the light reflecting mirror group and then is output after being reflected between the first reflecting mirror and the second reflecting mirror for a plurality of times, the beam splitting element is arranged at the output end of the light reflecting mirror group, the laser beam output by the optical reflector group is divided into two beams of laser, one beam of laser is input into the S-polarization polarized selective polarized reflection module, the other laser beam is incident into the next group of light reflecting mirror group, the S-polarized selective reflection module is used for converting the received light beam into S-polarized light, the light beam combining device is arranged at the rear ends of the S-polarized light selecting and reflecting module and the P-polarized light selecting and reflecting module and is used for combining the S-polarized light and the P-polarized light and outputting the combined light through a converging lens, the output end of the converging lens is connected with a laser waveguide assembly, the waveguide assembly comprises a waveguide body and a reflecting layer, the waveguide body is of a hollow structure, and the reflecting layer covers the inner wall of the hollow structure; the waveguide body is provided with a first end and a second end, the first end is used for receiving laser pulses, and the second end is used for outputting the laser pulses after transmission in the waveguide body; the inner diameter of the waveguide body is not smaller than the diameter of an input laser spot.
19. A laser light generating device as defined in claim 18, wherein: the optical reflector group further comprises an angle adjusting mirror, wherein the angle adjusting mirror is arranged at the head end and/or the tail end of the first reflector and/or the second reflector and is used for adjusting the laser pulse reflection times.
20. The laser light generating device according to claim 18, wherein the number N of the optical mirror groups is an even number of 2 or more, and the number of the beam splitting elements is N-1.
21. A laser ablation apparatus comprising a laser waveguide assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
22. The laser ablation device of claim 21, further comprising a laser conduit coupled to the laser waveguide assembly.
23. The laser ablation apparatus of claim 22, wherein a first convex lens and a second convex lens are further disposed between the laser waveguide assembly and the laser catheter.
24. A laser ablation apparatus comprising a laser generating apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 7 to 20.
25. The laser ablation device of claim 24, further comprising a laser conduit coupled to the laser waveguide assembly.
26. The laser ablation apparatus of claim 25, wherein a first convex lens and a second convex lens are further disposed between the laser waveguide assembly and the laser catheter.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310850902.3A CN116990980A (en) | 2023-07-12 | 2023-07-12 | Laser waveguide assembly, laser generating device and laser ablation device |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202310850902.3A CN116990980A (en) | 2023-07-12 | 2023-07-12 | Laser waveguide assembly, laser generating device and laser ablation device |
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| CN116990980A true CN116990980A (en) | 2023-11-03 |
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| CN202310850902.3A Pending CN116990980A (en) | 2023-07-12 | 2023-07-12 | Laser waveguide assembly, laser generating device and laser ablation device |
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