CN116987920B - Ti-based all-metal energetic structural material, preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Ti-based all-metal energetic structural material, preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN116987920B
CN116987920B CN202311246481.XA CN202311246481A CN116987920B CN 116987920 B CN116987920 B CN 116987920B CN 202311246481 A CN202311246481 A CN 202311246481A CN 116987920 B CN116987920 B CN 116987920B
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metal
structural material
energetic structural
energetic
preparation
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CN116987920A (en
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谭成文
沈姚宁
宁先进
胡珺
于晓东
刘丽君
李迅
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Haipu Precision Materials Suzhou Co ltd
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42BEXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/72Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/12Both compacting and sintering
    • B22F3/14Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
    • B22F3/15Hot isostatic pressing
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/045Alloys based on refractory metals
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/045Alloys based on refractory metals
    • C22C1/0458Alloys based on titanium, zirconium or hafnium
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/047Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy comprising intermetallic compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C14/00Alloys based on titanium
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C27/00Alloys based on rhenium or a refractory metal not mentioned in groups C22C14/00 or C22C16/00
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C27/00Alloys based on rhenium or a refractory metal not mentioned in groups C22C14/00 or C22C16/00
    • C22C27/02Alloys based on vanadium, niobium, or tantalum
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C27/00Alloys based on rhenium or a refractory metal not mentioned in groups C22C14/00 or C22C16/00
    • C22C27/04Alloys based on tungsten or molybdenum
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C30/00Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of preparation of energetic structural materials, and particularly relates to a Ti-based all-metal energetic structural material, a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: 1) Preparing metal powder, wherein the metal powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: ti 40-65% and density 11.5g/cm 3 35-60% of the high-density metal and 0-5% of other metals or metalloids; 2) Filling the metal powder into a sheath, compacting, vacuumizing and sealing; 3) Placing the sealed sheath into a hot isostatic pressing device, and preserving heat and pressure for 0.5-3.0h at 850-950 ℃ and 100-150 MPa. The Ti-based all-metal energetic structural material has the advantages of high density and high plasticity, and meanwhile, has good ignition performance, can keep enough integrity under the driving condition of high-energy explosive and has good reaction initiation performance under the high-speed impact condition.

Description

Ti-based all-metal energetic structural material, preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of preparation of energetic structural materials, and particularly relates to a Ti-based all-metal energetic structural material, a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The energetic structural material is a structural function integrated material with mechanical property and energy release characteristic, can have enough kinetic energy and strength to break down a target in the process of damaging the target, simultaneously generates severe chemical reaction under the action of impact load, releases huge energy, further enhances the damage effect, and greatly improves the damage capability of the fighter part.
Energetic structural materials are typically required to be in service under high velocity impact conditions, first to be launched at high velocity under the action of a high explosive, then to break down the target by kinetic energy when flown to the target, after passing through the target, to initiate chemical reactions due to friction and plastic deformation, releasing energy. According to the service conditions, the energetic structural materials are required to meet three basic requirements: (1) the high-strength plastic is provided to ensure that the explosive has a complete structure when the explosive is detonated; (2) has high density to meet the requirement of kinetic energy breakdown; (3) has high reactivity, so as to realize rapid release of a large amount of energy after target penetration and damage of the target.
In the prior researches, the Al-based all-metal energetic structural materials are a type of energetic structural materials which are more researched, but the compressive strength of most of the Al-based energetic materials is generally not more than 500MPa, so that the detonation integrity of the Al-based energetic structural materials is difficult to maintain. According to the study by Wei et al (doi: 10.1016/j.actamat.2011.10.027), the mechanical properties of the base metal determine the upper limit of the overall material strength. Compared with Al and Al alloys, the Ti and Ti alloys have more excellent mechanical properties, the yield strength of pure Ti is about 284 MPa, the yield strength of TC4 is about 862MPa, and the yield strength of Al and Al alloys is about 70-400MPa, so that the Ti-based material has more advantages in the aspect of keeping detonation integrity. In addition, the thermal conductivity of Ti and Ti alloy is only about 6 percent of that of Al, and heat accumulation is easier in the impact process, thereby achievingConditions for initiation of metal combustion. Meanwhile, ti has higher combustion heat value (about 19.8 kJ/g) in oxygen, can release huge energy during reaction, and has the potential of being used as a matrix of a metal-based energetic structural material. However, the Ti density is only 4.5g/cm 3 Therefore, development of a novel Ti-based energetic structural material with high density and excellent mechanical properties is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the invention provides a novel Ti-based all-metal energetic structural material, a preparation method and application thereof. Compared with the traditional Al-based material, the Ti-based all-metal energetic structural material has the advantages of high density and high plasticity, and meanwhile, has good ignition performance, good reaction initiation performance under impact conditions, and the preparation method is simple and efficient.
Specifically, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a Ti-based all-metal energetic structural material comprises the following steps:
1) Preparing metal powder, wherein the metal powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: ti 40-65% and density 11.5g/cm 3 35% -60% of the high-density metal, and 0-5% of other metal or metalloid selected from at least one of Al, mg, fe, si, B;
2) Filling the metal powder into a sheath, compacting, vacuumizing and sealing;
3) And (3) placing the sealed sheath into a hot isostatic pressing device, and preserving heat and pressure for 0.5-3.0. 3.0h at the temperature of 850-950 ℃ and the pressure of 100-150MPa to obtain the Ti-based all-metal energetic structural material.
The Ti-based material has obvious microscopic interfaces due to the addition of heterogeneous metals (high-density metals) and careful design of technological parameters, especially temperature and time, of hot isostatic pressing sintering, so that the obtained Ti-based all-metal energetic structural material has a pure Ti area and a pure high-density metal area, also has a Ti-high-density metal diffusion area with proper thickness and good interface combination, thereby having certain mechanical properties, being easier to break into small blocks under impact conditions, utilizing the reaction among components to initiate oxidation combustion, and being beneficial to full combustion to release energy. Taking the Ti-based all-metal energetic structural material shown in the embodiment 1 of the invention as an example, a composition gradient structure of a pure Ti region, a Ti-Ta diffusion region and a pure Ta region is formed in a microstructure (see (a) in fig. 3), so that the bonding strength of a micro interface between Ti and Ta is enhanced, the prepared material has excellent compression performance and tensile performance in a macroscopic sense, a pure Ti phase and a pure Ta phase are reserved, and the material is favorable for full crushing under the impact condition.
Furthermore, the density, the process performance or the reaction initiation condition of the Ti-based full-metal energetic structural materials can be further optimized by adding a proper amount of other metals or metalloids selected from Al, mg, fe, si and/or B into the metal powder.
Preferably, in step 1), the Ti is present in the form of Ti powder and/or Ti alloy powder.
Preferably, in step 1), the high-density metal is one or two or more of W, ta, re, hf.
Preferably, in the step 1), the other metal or metalloid is MgAl intermetallic compound or Mg, and the mass fraction is 3 to 5%. According to the invention, a proper amount of MgAl intermetallic compound is further added on the basis of Ti+high-density metal, so that the reaction initiation performance can be obviously improved, and the Ti-based all-metal can be suitable for application scenes with the landing speed below 1100m/s (the smaller the landing speed is, the higher the requirement on the reaction initiation performance is); by further adding a proper amount of metal Mg on the basis of Ti+high-density metal, the Ti-based all-metal can give consideration to high reaction initiation performance and strength performance, and is simultaneously suitable for application scenes with the landing speed below 1100m/s and above 1800m/s (the higher the landing speed is, the higher the energy release efficiency is, the lower the requirement on the reaction initiation performance is, but the higher the requirement on the strength is).
Preferably, in the step 1), the particle size of the metal powder is 0.5-70 μm, the purity is more than or equal to 99%, and the shape is one or more than two of spherical, polygonal and dendritic; more preferably spherical.
Preferably, in the step 2), after the tapping treatment, the tap ratio (ratio of tap density to theoretical density) is 0.60 or more.
Preferably, in step 2), after the vacuuming treatment, the vacuum (absolute pressure) is 1×10 -2 Pa or below.
Preferably, in step 3), after the hot isostatic pressing process, the method further comprises a step of removing the sheath.
The invention also provides a Ti-based all-metal energetic structural material which is prepared according to the preparation method.
The invention also provides the application of the Ti-based all-metal energetic structural material or the Ti-based all-metal energetic structural material prepared by the preparation method in the killer cells with the targeting speed below 1100 m/s.
The invention also provides the Ti-based all-metal energetic structural material or the application of the Ti-based all-metal energetic structural material prepared by the preparation method in the killer cells with the targeting speed of more than 1800m/s, and the Ti-based all-metal energetic structural material has higher energy release efficiency.
The invention has the advantages that:
the invention prepares the fully compact isotropic Ti-based all-metal energetic structural material with the density of about 7-10g/cm by strictly controlling the material components and the hot isostatic pressing process parameters, especially under the coupling action of isostatic pressure and temperature 3 The high-density components are uniformly distributed in the Ti matrix and are tightly combined with the matrix, so that the high-density component has excellent mechanical properties and good ignition property under impact conditions; the method has a wide speed application range, and is particularly suitable for application scenes with the landing speed below 1100m/s and above 1800 m/s; meanwhile, the preparation flow is simple and efficient, and is beneficial to realizing engineering preparation.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following description will briefly explain the drawings needed in the embodiments or the prior art, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a process flow diagram for preparing a Ti-based energetic structural material according to example 1.
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the sealed capsule of example 1 after sintering by hot isostatic pressing; wherein, the 1-Ti-based energetic structural material blocks and the 2-sheath.
FIG. 3 is a microstructure of the Ti-based energetic structural materials prepared in examples 1-3; wherein, (a) example 1, (b) example 2, (c) example 3, (d) example 4.
FIG. 4 is an engineering stress-strain curve for the Ti-based energetic structural materials prepared in examples 1-3; wherein, (a) quasi-static stretching, (b) quasi-static compression.
FIG. 5 is a graph of the ignition effect of a pass through test of Ti-Ta fragments prepared from the Ti-based energetic structural materials of examples 3-4 at different impact speeds, (a) 1050m/s for targeting and (b) 1800m/s for targeting.
Detailed Description
The invention is illustrated by the following preferred embodiments. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the examples are provided for illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, which are used for illustrating the present invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The specific techniques or conditions are not identified in the examples and are described in the literature in this field or are carried out in accordance with the product specifications. The reagents or equipment used were conventional products available for purchase by regular vendors without the manufacturer's attention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a Ti-based all-metal energetic structural material, which can be partially referred to fig. 1, and comprises the following steps:
1) Uniformly mixing 15-45 mu m spherical Ti powder with the purity of 99.9% and 1-10 mu m spherical Ta powder according to the mass ratio of 1:1.5;
2) Then the mixed powder is put into a 304 stainless steel sheath, fully compacted (compaction rate is 0.70) and vacuumized (vacuum degree is 1 multiplied by 10) -2 ~1×10 -4 Pa), and finally welding the extraction opening to ensure that the sheath is sealed and airtight;
3) Heating and boosting to 920 ℃ and 140MPa within 90min, and hot isostatic pressing and sintering for 2h at the temperature and the pressure, wherein the result is shown in figure 2;
4) Removing the sheath by adopting a mechanical method to obtain the Ti-based energetic structural material block.
The density of the obtained Ti-based energetic structural material block is 7.96 g/cm 3 An Instron universal tester is adopted to set the strain rate as 10 -3 s -1 Respectively performing quasi-static tensile test and quasi-static compression test, wherein the tensile strength is 802MPa, the tensile fracture strain is 14.2%, the compressive strength is 1189MPa, and the compressive fracture strain is 33.4%. The energetic killer element is obtained by machining, and the energetic killer element does not trigger energy release reaction at the impact speed of 1050 m/s; but has good ignition characteristics at an impact speed of 1800m/s.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a Ti-based all-metal energetic structural material, which comprises the following steps:
1) Uniformly mixing 15-45 mu m spherical Ti powder with the purity of 99.9% and 10-35 mu m spherical Ta powder according to the mass ratio of 1:1.5;
2) Then the mixed powder is put into a 304 stainless steel sheath, fully compacted (compaction rate is 0.67) and vacuumized (vacuum degree is 1 multiplied by 10) -2 ~1×10 -4 Pa), and finally welding the extraction opening to ensure that the sheath is sealed and airtight;
3) Heating and boosting to 920 ℃ and 120MPa within 90min, and carrying out hot isostatic pressing sintering for 2h at the temperature and the pressure;
4) Removing the sheath by adopting a mechanical method to obtain the Ti-based energetic structural material block.
The density of the obtained Ti-based energetic structural material block is 8.20 g/cm 3 An Instron universal tester is adopted to set the strain rate as 10 -3 s -1 Respectively carrying out quasi-static stretching and quasi-static compression tests, and measuring that the tensile strength is 740MPa, the tensile breaking strain is 9.5%, the compressive strength is 996MPa and the compressive breaking strain is 32.0%. The energetic killer element is obtained by machining, and the energetic killer element does not trigger energy release reaction at the impact speed of 1050 m/s; at an impact speed of 1800m/s, crushing occurs.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a Ti-based all-metal energetic structural material, which can be partially referred to fig. 1, and comprises the following steps:
1) Uniformly mixing 15-45 mu m spherical TC4 titanium alloy powder with the purity of 99.9%, 10-35 mu m spherical Ta powder and 10-40 mu m polygonal Mg17Al12 intermetallic compound powder according to the mass ratio of 8:11:1;
2) Then the mixed powder is put into a 304 stainless steel sheath, fully tap (tap rate is 0.65) and vacuumized (vacuum degree is 1 multiplied by 10) -2 ~1×10 -4 Pa), and finally welding the extraction opening to ensure that the sheath is sealed and airtight;
3) Heating and boosting to 900 ℃ and 100MPa within 90min, and carrying out hot isostatic pressing sintering for 2h at the temperature and the pressure;
4) Removing the sheath by adopting a mechanical method to obtain the Ti-based energetic structural material block.
The density of the obtained Ti-based energetic structural material block is 7.10 g/cm 3 An Instron universal tester is adopted to set the strain rate as 10 -3 s -1 Respectively performing quasi-static tensile test and quasi-static compression test, wherein the tensile strength is 897MPa, the tensile fracture strain is 2.7%, the compressive strength is 1117MPa and the compressive fracture strain is 24.9%. The energetic killer element obtained by machining has a firing effect in a target penetration test at 1050m/s impact speed as shown in fig. 5 (a), and has good firing characteristics under impact conditions.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a Ti-based all-metal energetic structural material, which can be partially referred to fig. 1, and comprises the following steps:
1) Uniformly mixing 15-45 mu m spherical Ti powder with the purity of 99.9%, 1-10 mu m spherical W powder and 5-25 mu m polygonal Mg powder according to the mass ratio of 8:11:1;
2) Then the mixed powder is put into a 304 stainless steel sheath, fully tap (tap rate is 0.65) and vacuumized (vacuum degree is 1 multiplied by 10) -2 ~1×10 -4 Pa), and finally welding the extraction opening to ensure that the sheath is sealed and airtight;
3) Heating and boosting to 900 ℃ and 140MPa within 90min, and carrying out hot isostatic pressing sintering for 2h at the temperature and the pressure;
4) Removing the sheath by adopting a mechanical method to obtain the Ti-based energetic structural material block.
The density of the obtained Ti-based energetic structural material block is 7.07 g/cm 3 An Instron universal tester is adopted to set the strain rate as 10 -3 s -1 The quasi-static tensile test and the quasi-static compressive test were performed, respectively, and the tensile strength was 755.2MPa, the tensile breaking strain was 4.4%, the compressive strength was 1216MPa, and the compressive breaking strain was 36.9%. The energetic killer element is obtained by machining, and the energetic killer element initiates an energy release reaction at the impact speed of 1050 m/s; also, the ignition characteristics were good at an impact speed of 1800m/s, and the ignition effect in the through-target test was as shown in FIG. 5 (b).
FIG. 3 is a microstructure of the Ti-based energetic structural materials prepared in examples 1-4; wherein, (a) example 1, (b) example 2, (c) example 3, (d) example 4. As can be seen from fig. 3, the Ti-based all-metal energetic structural materials prepared in examples 1-4 present a distinct microscopic interface.
FIG. 4 is an engineering stress-strain curve for the Ti-based energetic structural materials prepared in examples 1-4; wherein (a) quasi-static stretching and (b) quasi-static compression. As can be seen from fig. 4, the tensile plasticity of example 4 is general, but the compressive strength is highest; example 1 has high compressive strength and excellent tensile plasticity, and has the best comprehensive mechanical properties.
Comparative example 1
Compared with example 1, the difference is that: the sintering temperature of the hot isostatic pressing was 1000 ℃.
As a result, the Ti and Ta are obviously diffused, the fusion process of the Ti and Ta is completely completed, and the pure Ti area and the pure Ta area disappear to form the Ti-Ta alloy.
Comparative example 2
Compared with example 1, the difference is that: the sintering time of the hot isostatic pressing is 3.5h.
As a result, significant diffusion between Ti and Ta occurs, leaving only a very small amount of pure Ta regions in the composite, which have disappeared and completely converted into Ti-Ta solid solution.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. The preparation method of the Ti-based all-metal energetic structural material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) Preparing metal powder, wherein the metal powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: ti 40-65% and density 11.5g/cm 3 35-60% of the high-density metal and 0-5% of other metals or metalloids;
2) Filling the metal powder into a sheath, compacting, vacuumizing and sealing;
3) Placing the sealed sheath into a hot isostatic pressing device, and preserving heat and pressure for 0.5-3.0h at the temperature of 850-950 ℃ and the pressure of 100-150MPa to obtain the Ti-based all-metal energetic structural material;
in the step 1), the high-density metal is one or two of W, ta;
the other metal or metalloid is MgAl intermetallic compound or metal Mg.
2. The method for producing a Ti-based all-metal energetic structural material according to claim 1, wherein in step 1), the Ti is present in the form of Ti powder and/or Ti alloy powder.
3. The method for preparing a Ti-based all-metal energetic structural material according to claim 1, wherein in step 1), the mass fraction of the other metal or metalloid is 3-5%.
4. The method for producing a Ti-based all-metal energetic structural material according to claim 1, wherein in step 1), the particle size of the metal powder is 0.5-70 μm, the purity is not less than 99%, and the shape is one or more than two of sphere, polygon and branch.
5. The method for producing a Ti-based all-metal energetic structural material according to claim 1, wherein in step 2), the tap ratio after the tap treatment is 0.60 or more.
6. The method for producing a Ti-based all-metal energetic structural material according to claim 1, wherein in step 2), the vacuum is 1×10 after the vacuuming treatment -2 Pa or below.
7. A Ti-based all-metal energetic structural material prepared by the method of any one of claims 1-6.
8. The Ti-based all-metal energetic structural material of claim 7, or the application of the Ti-based all-metal energetic structural material prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1-6 in a killer cell with a targeting speed below 1100 m/s.
9. The Ti-based all-metal energetic structural material of claim 7, or the application of the Ti-based all-metal energetic structural material prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1-6 in a killer cell with a target speed of more than 1800m/s.
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