CN116979164B - Chip management system for multi-cell serial structure - Google Patents
Chip management system for multi-cell serial structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN116979164B CN116979164B CN202311225112.2A CN202311225112A CN116979164B CN 116979164 B CN116979164 B CN 116979164B CN 202311225112 A CN202311225112 A CN 202311225112A CN 116979164 B CN116979164 B CN 116979164B
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- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 52
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/00032—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by data exchange
- H02J7/00036—Charger exchanging data with battery
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
- H02J7/007182—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4278—Systems for data transfer from batteries, e.g. transfer of battery parameters to a controller, data transferred between battery controller and main controller
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a chip management system for a multi-battery serial structure, which comprises a battery management unit E and a plurality of battery modules M connected in series, wherein each battery module M comprises a switch A, a switch B, a battery unit C and a control unit D; the control unit D comprises a power management module, a driving module and a serial port, wherein the driving module and the serial port are connected with the power management module, the power management module is provided with three groups of power interfaces, and the corresponding power supply is adapted according to the working state of the battery unit C to supply power for the internal circuit. Aiming at the problems of internal power supply of a battery module and data transmission of a communication interface across voltage domains, a chip management system for a multi-battery serial structure is provided, and the internal power supply and the data transmission across voltage domains can be ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of battery management, in particular to a multi-chip communication and power management method of a multi-cell serial system.
Background
The battery management system BMS is an abbreviation of Battery Management System, and its core system architecture is as shown in fig. 1, a plurality of batteries are connected in series, and voltage information is measured by the battery management unit E and fed back to the controller F. There are multiple voltage domains in a multi-cell series system, with the differential pressure inside each voltage domain approaching a typical one cell voltage; typically, to simplify the complexity of the system power supply, the system power supply has only one high voltage domain (multi-cell series voltage) and one low voltage domain (< 5.5V).
Because the number of the battery packs connected in series is large and different voltage domains exist, the traditional method can only adopt an isolation interface; the battery management unit E is used for monitoring a plurality of series-connected battery packs at the same time at a certain space distance from the batteries, the measured battery parameters are transmitted to the controller F through a serial isolation interface, and meanwhile, instructions are received from the controller F to continuously monitor the battery packs.
The battery management units E and the controller F are connected in a serial port mode through a young daisy chain, and the serial ports are isolated due to different voltage domains of each battery management unit E. Due to the limitations of cost, volume and reliability of the isolation scheme, the conventional battery management method cannot practically adopt an isolation communication interface between the cross-voltage domains on the level of the single battery pack, so that the reliability of the whole system is also limited.
In an energy storage or power battery management system, a battery is used as the most critical element, and the normal operation of the battery is the basic guarantee of the whole system; the battery management unit E in the traditional structure often measures and monitors a plurality of battery cells, so that when the distance from the battery cells in physical space is far, the real-time monitoring of a single cell cannot be realized; if the real-time monitoring of the single battery pack is to be realized, each battery pack is required to be provided with a monitoring chip such as a control unit D, the monitoring chip is required to be closely attached to the battery cell in physical space, and monitored data can be transmitted to a battery management unit chip E in the system and a controller chip F of the system; due to the very large number of such monitoring chips, a simple and reliable interface is needed between them.
Therefore, to ensure that the detection inside each battery pack and the serial communication between the battery packs are normal, a voltage domain that is effectively applicable to the use inside each battery pack is required, and that is always effective in each state of the battery.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of internal power supply of a battery module and data transmission of a communication interface across a voltage domain in chip management of a multi-battery serial structure, and provides a chip management system for the multi-battery serial structure, which can ensure internal power supply and data transmission across the voltage domain.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the chip management system for the multi-cell serial structure comprises a cell management unit E and a plurality of cell modules M connected in series, wherein each cell module M comprises a switch A, a switch B, a cell unit C and a control unit D, and the chip management system comprises a plurality of cell modules, wherein the cell modules are connected in series, and the cell modules comprise a switch A, a switch B, a cell unit C and a control unit D, wherein:
the switch A is connected in series with the battery unit C to form a branch, and the switch A is used for controlling the on and off of the battery unit C;
the switch B is connected in parallel with a series branch formed by the switch A and the battery unit C, and the switch B is used for controlling whether the battery unit C is bypassed or not;
the control unit D comprises a power management module, a driving module and a serial port, wherein the driving module and the serial port are connected with the power management module;
the power management module is provided with three groups of power interfaces, and is adapted to corresponding power sources according to the working state of the battery unit C to supply power for the internal circuit, wherein:
the high and low levels of the first group of power interfaces are respectively connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery unit C in the battery module M;
in the second group of power interfaces, the high level is connected with the power management module in the adjacent upper-level battery module M, and the low level is connected with the cathode of the power battery unit C in the upper-level battery module M;
in the third group of power interfaces, the high level is connected with the power management module in the next adjacent battery module M, and the low level is connected with the cathode of the power battery unit C in the current battery module M.
The driving signal end of the driving module is connected with the switch A, B and is used for controlling the state of the switch A, B; the serial port is connected with the serial port of the adjacent battery module M, is communicated with the battery management unit E in a daisy-chain mode, sends the running state parameters of each battery unit C, receives a control instruction and realizes the state control of the switch A, B.
Further, when the working state of the battery unit C is normal, the driving module controls the switch A to be turned on and the switch B to be turned off;
the power management module selects the first group of power interfaces to supply power to the internal circuit, and connects the third group of power interfaces with corresponding levels of the first group of power interfaces through the switch.
Further, when the working state of the battery unit C is abnormal, the driving module controls the switch A to be disconnected, the switch B to be conducted, and the state of the second group of power interfaces is judged;
if the voltage of the second group of power interfaces is normal, the power management module selects the second group of power interfaces to supply power to the internal circuit, and connects the third group of power interfaces with the corresponding levels of the second group of power interfaces through the switch;
if the voltage of the second group of power interfaces is abnormal, the power management module selects the third group of power interfaces to supply power to the internal circuit, and connects the corresponding levels of the second group of power interfaces and the third group of power interfaces through the switch.
Further, the operating state of the battery cell C is abnormal: and when VC is less than or equal to VL, VL is the minimum protection working voltage of the battery.
Further, when the state of the second group of power interface voltages is judged, the abnormality is that the effective power voltage does not exist, namely, the high-level end of the power interface is open circuit or short circuit with the low-level end.
Further, the operation state parameters include temperature, voltage, current, internal resistance and the like.
Further, the communication manner between the battery module M and the battery management unit E in series is as follows:
the battery management unit E measures signals of the battery modules M connected in series and provides two serial communication interfaces;
one serial port is communicated with the topmost battery module M in the serial battery modules M, and the other serial port is communicated with the bottommost battery module M;
the information of each battery module M is daisy-chained from top to bottom or from bottom to top.
Further, in the battery module M, the serial ports are all connected with the level conversion module, the high-low voltage of the uplink communication port of any serial port is the same as the voltage of the second group of power interfaces in the current battery module M, and the high-low voltage of the downlink communication port of any serial port is the same as the voltage of the third group of power interfaces in the current battery module M.
Further, when the information of each battery module M is daisy-chained from top to bottom, the level conversion module converts the voltage domain of the uplink communication of the information into the voltage domain of the downlink communication, and then transmits the information downwards;
when the information of each battery module M is transmitted in a daisy chain from bottom to top, the level conversion module converts the voltage domain of the downlink communication of the information into the voltage domain of the uplink communication and then transmits the information upwards.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
in the serial battery structure, a plurality of voltage domains exist, namely, each battery module M has one voltage domain and presents regular superposition; the control unit D can provide effective power supply locally according to the state of the battery unit C, ensure the normal control of the switches A and B and ensure the normal operation of the communication interfaces between the adjacent battery modules M.
Compared with the traditional battery management system which can only manage the hierarchy of the multi-stage series battery packs, the invention provides a communication interface method for the system which manages the hierarchy of the single-stage battery packs.
1. Precision: compared with the traditional scheme, the single battery unit C is accurately measured, and a technical method is provided: measurement, monitoring and communication are performed in the physical space closest to the single battery unit C.
2. Real-time performance: the physical parameters of each battery cell C can be transmitted to the master in real time by serial communication.
3. Economy: low voltage, non-isolation and low cost. All communication in the invention is carried out in a low voltage domain, and the voltage of the series connection of the battery units is generally not higher than that of the series connection of the battery units 2, and the number of the battery units C connected in series is not influenced, so that a non-isolated connection mode can be adopted; the simplicity of the connection mode is guaranteed by the mode of serial communication, and the wire harness of communication connection is reduced.
4. Reliability: a bi-directional daisy chain. Serial communication can be performed in a clockwise or anticlockwise direction, so that the serial communication is not influenced by faults of the communication interfaces of the single battery packs, and the reliability of system monitoring is improved. For the fault point, a self-checking and self-resetting means is adopted to recover from the fault state by a communication port monitoring mode.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the detailed description which follows.
Drawings
The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following more particular descriptions of exemplary embodiments of the invention as illustrated in the accompanying drawings wherein like reference numbers generally represent like parts throughout the exemplary embodiments of the invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a conventional battery management structure in the related art.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic overall structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 shows a schematic internal structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 shows a schematic diagram of serial port communication voltage domain switching when the battery cell C is normal and abnormal in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in more detail below. While the invention has been provided in connection with the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the invention may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
Example 1：
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the present invention provides a chip management system for a multi-battery serial structure, which includes a battery management unit E and a plurality of battery modules M connected in series, wherein the battery modules M include a switch a, a switch B, a battery unit C and a control unit D, and the chip management system includes:
the switch A is connected in series with the battery unit C to form a branch, and the switch A is used for controlling the on and off of the battery unit C;
the switch B is connected in parallel with a series branch formed by the switch A and the battery unit C, and the switch B is used for controlling whether the battery unit C is bypassed or not;
the control unit D comprises a power management module, a driving module and a serial port, wherein the driving module and the serial port are connected with the power management module;
the power management module is provided with three groups of power interfaces, and is adapted to corresponding power sources according to the working state of the battery unit C to supply power for the internal circuit, wherein:
the high and low levels of the first group of power interfaces are respectively connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery unit C in the battery module M;
in the second group of power interfaces, the high level is connected with the power management module in the adjacent upper-level battery module M, and the low level is connected with the cathode of the power battery unit C in the upper-level battery module M;
in the third group of power interfaces, the high level is connected with the power management module in the next adjacent battery module M, and the low level is connected with the cathode of the power battery unit C in the current battery module M.
The driving signal end of the driving module is connected with the switch A, B and is used for controlling the state of the switch A, B; the serial port is connected with the serial port of the adjacent battery module M, is communicated with the battery management unit E in a daisy-chain mode, sends the running state parameters of each battery unit C, receives a control instruction and realizes the state control of the switch A, B.
In this embodiment, when the battery cells C are all healthy and working normally, the effective power supply of the battery module M comes from the battery cells C themselves; when any battery unit C is damaged, the battery module M can not provide effective power supply, and the scheme can provide three groups of power interfaces, so that the normal work of corresponding switch, control and communication serial ports of the battery unit C is ensured under the condition that the battery unit C fails.
Example two
For battery module M numbered i:
vc_i: the positive voltage of the battery unit C of the battery module M is the positive voltage of the first group of power supplies;
vh_i+1: the positive voltage of the second group of power interfaces of the battery module M is usually the highest normal working power supply of the battery module M (i.e. the i+1th section) of the last group of battery modules;
vh_i: the positive voltage of the third group of power interfaces of the battery module M is usually the highest normal working power supply of the battery module M and is connected with the next group of battery packs (i.e. the i-1 th battery pack) by low-voltage measurement;
VB_i: the voltage at the junction between the battery module M and the i+1th battery module M is VC_i+1 negative electrode:
VB_i-1: the voltage at the junction between the battery module M and the i-1 th battery module M is VC_i negative electrode, which is also the reference GROUND level (GROUND) of the battery module M with the number i;
serial communication power supply and its producing mode:
for the ith battery group, the serial port communication contains 2 groups: the communication interface is connected with the i+1th battery pack, wherein the low level is VB_i, and the high level is VH_i+1; a communication interface with the i-1 th group battery pack, wherein the low level is VB_i-1, and the high level is VH_i;
based on the system of the first embodiment, the power supply scheme specifically includes:
when the working state of the battery unit C is normal, the driving module controls the switch A to be turned on and the switch B to be turned off; the power management module selects the first group of power interfaces to supply power to the internal circuit, and connects the third group of power interfaces with corresponding levels of the first group of power interfaces through the switch.
When the working state of the battery unit C is abnormal (namely, when VC is less than or equal to VL, VL is the lowest protection working voltage of the battery), the driving module controls the switch A to be turned off and the switch B to be turned on; judging the state of the second group of power interfaces;
if the voltage of the second group of power interfaces is normal, the power management module selects the second group of power interfaces to supply power to the internal circuit, and connects the third group of power interfaces with the corresponding levels of the second group of power interfaces through the switch;
if the voltage of the second group of power interfaces is abnormal (the abnormal voltage is the condition that the effective voltage of the power supply does not exist, namely the high-level end of the power interface is open circuit or short-circuited with the low-level end), the power management module selects the third group of power interfaces to supply power to the internal circuit, and the second group of power interfaces and the corresponding levels of the third group of power interfaces are connected through switches.
In this embodiment, taking the detection and control of n+1 series battery modules M as an example, the battery management unit E defines the 1 st power saving Chi Mozu from the battery module M at the lowest voltage and the n+1 th power saving Chi Mozu from the battery pack at the highest voltage; wherein n >1;
taking the ith battery module as an example, VC_i is the voltage of the battery cell C of the battery module
The second group of power interfaces is used as the external high voltage of the battery group; the high level is connected with a power management module VH_i+1 in the adjacent upper-level battery module M, and the low level is connected with VB_i of a power battery unit C in the upper-level battery module M;
a third group of power interfaces is used as the external low voltage of the battery group; the high level is connected with a power management module VH_i in the next adjacent battery module M, and the low level is connected with VB_i-1 of a power battery unit C in the current battery module M;
for the ith battery pack, the voltage of the battery pack is VC_i; when the battery pack is in normal discharging operation, namely when the switch A is on and the switch B is off, VB_i=VB_i-1+VC_i, and VH_i=VB_i-1+VC_i; when the battery pack is isolated, i.e., when switch a is off, switch B is on, vb_i=vb_i-1, vh_i=vh_i+1;
in the present embodiment, by utilizing the characteristics of the voltage domain of the cascade battery, a low voltage (lower than two battery voltages), simple connection (no additional external power supply), and power supply interface of inter-stage series connection (vh_i+1 and vh_i for the ith power saving Chi Mozu) are proposed; because of the simple interface and the serial connection characteristic, one more interface is connected between the serial power management modules, the scheme has low cost and no requirement of extra wiring harnesses.
Example III
The communication mode between the battery module M and the battery management unit E which are connected in series is as follows:
the battery management unit E measures signals of the battery modules M connected in series and provides two serial communication interfaces; one serial port is communicated with the topmost battery module M in the serial battery modules M, and the other serial port is communicated with the bottommost battery module M; the information of each battery module M is daisy-chained from top to bottom or from bottom to top.
In the battery module M, the serial ports are all connected with the level conversion module, the high and low voltages of the uplink communication port of any serial port are the same as the voltages of the second group of power interfaces in the current battery module M, and the high and low voltages of the downlink communication port of any serial port are the same as the voltages of the third group of power interfaces in the current battery module M;
when the information of each battery module M is transmitted in a daisy chain from top to bottom, the level conversion module converts the voltage domain of the uplink communication of the information into the voltage domain of the downlink communication and then transmits the information downwards;
when the information of each battery module M is transmitted in a daisy chain from bottom to top, the level conversion module converts the voltage domain of the downlink communication of the information into the voltage domain of the uplink communication and then transmits the information upwards.
In the present embodiment, in the case of the present embodiment,
the voltage domains of the communication interface between the i-th and i+1-th battery packs are vh_i+1 (high level) and vb_i (low level), typically vh_i+1=vb_i+1 in the case of normal operation of the battery packs
The voltage domains of the communication interface between the i-1 th and i-th battery packs are vh_i (high level) and vb_i-1 (low level), typically vh_i=vb_i under normal operation of the battery packs
In particular, when the communication interface voltage domains of the n+1th battery pack and the battery management unit E are VH (high level) and vb_n+1 (low level), VH is typically higher than vb_n+1 by one normal battery voltage, that is, vh=vb_n+1+v0; where V0 represents the battery voltage in a normal state.
In particular, when the voltage domains of the communication interface between the 1 st battery pack and the battery management unit E are vh_1 (high level) and vb_0 (low level), in general, vh_1=vb_1, vb_0=gnd, where GND is the ground level of the battery management unit E;
particularly, when the nth battery pack fails or is damaged, the corresponding switch a is turned off, and the corresponding switch B is turned on, so that vh_n=vh_n+1, and vb_n=vb_n-1 are provided to ensure normal communication between the nth battery pack and the n-1 th and n+1 th battery packs.
The foregoing description of embodiments of the invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, and is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the embodiments disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the various embodiments described.
Claims (7)
1. A chip management system for a multi-cell serial configuration, characterized by: including battery management unit E and a plurality of battery module M of establishing ties, battery module M includes switch A, switch B, battery cell C and control unit D, wherein:
the switch A is connected in series with the battery unit C to form a branch, and the switch A is used for controlling the on and off of the battery unit C;
the switch B is connected in parallel with a series branch formed by the switch A and the battery unit C, and the switch B is used for controlling whether the battery unit C is bypassed or not;
the control unit D comprises a power management module, a driving module and a serial port, wherein the driving module and the serial port are connected with the power management module;
the power management module is provided with three groups of power interfaces, and is adapted to corresponding power sources according to the working state of the battery unit C to supply power for the internal circuit, wherein:
the high and low levels of the first group of power interfaces are respectively connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery unit C in the battery module M;
in the second group of power interfaces, the high level is connected with the power management module in the adjacent upper-level battery module M, and the low level is connected with the cathode of the power battery unit C in the upper-level battery module M;
in the third group of power interfaces, the high level is connected with a power management module in the next adjacent battery module M, and the low level is connected with the negative electrode of a power battery unit C in the current battery module M;
the driving signal end of the driving module is connected with the switch A, B and is used for controlling the state of the switch A, B; the serial port is connected with the serial port of the adjacent battery module M, is communicated with the battery management unit E in a daisy chain mode, sends the running state parameters of each battery unit C, receives a control instruction and realizes the state control of the switch A, B;
when the working state of the battery unit C is abnormal, the driving module controls the switch A to be disconnected, the switch B to be conducted, and the state of the second group of power interfaces is judged;
if the voltage of the second group of power interfaces is normal, the power management module selects the second group of power interfaces to supply power to the internal circuit, and connects the third group of power interfaces with the corresponding levels of the second group of power interfaces through the switch;
if the voltage of the second group of power interfaces is abnormal, the power management module selects a third group of power interfaces to supply power to the internal circuit, and connects the corresponding levels of the second group of power interfaces and the third group of power interfaces through a switch;
when the working state of the battery unit C is normal, the driving module controls the switch A to be turned on and the switch B to be turned off;
the power management module selects the first group of power interfaces to supply power to the internal circuit, and connects the third group of power interfaces with corresponding levels of the first group of power interfaces through the switch.
2. The chip management system for a multi-cell serial structure according to claim 1, wherein the operating state abnormality of the battery cell C is: and when VC is less than or equal to VL, VL is the minimum protection working voltage of the battery.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the abnormality is that the effective voltage of the power supply does not exist when the state of the voltage of the second set of power supply interfaces is determined, i.e. the high-level terminal of the power supply interface is open or shorted with the low-level terminal.
4. The chip management system for a multi-cell serial structure of claim 1, wherein the operating state parameters of the battery cells include temperature, voltage, current, and internal resistance.
5. The chip management system for a multi-cell serial structure according to claim 1, wherein the communication manner between the serial battery modules M and the battery management unit E is:
the battery management unit E measures signals of the battery modules M connected in series and provides two serial communication interfaces;
one serial port is communicated with the topmost battery module M in the serial battery modules M, and the other serial port is communicated with the bottommost battery module M;
the information of each battery module M is daisy-chained from top to bottom or from bottom to top.
6. The chip management system for a serial connection of multiple batteries according to claim 5, wherein in the battery module M, the serial ports are all connected with the level conversion module, the voltage of the uplink communication port of any serial port is the same as the voltage of the second group of power interfaces in the current battery module M, and the voltage of the downlink communication port of any serial port is the same as the voltage of the third group of power interfaces in the current battery module M.
7. The chip management system for a multi-cell serial structure according to claim 6, wherein:
when the information of each battery module M is transmitted in a daisy chain from top to bottom, the level conversion module converts the voltage domain of the uplink communication of the information into the voltage domain of the downlink communication and then transmits the information downwards;
when the information of each battery module M is transmitted in a daisy chain from bottom to top, the level conversion module converts the voltage domain of the downlink communication of the information into the voltage domain of the uplink communication and then transmits the information upwards.
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