CN116973236A - Air pressure loading structure testing machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an air pressure loading structure testing machine which comprises a counter-force frame, a loading plate and an expansion assembly, wherein the counter-force frame comprises a counter-force beam and a supporting part, the counter-force beam is arranged on the supporting part, the loading plate is arranged on the supporting part and is opposite to the counter-force beam along the extending direction of the supporting part at intervals to form a first cavity, one side of the loading plate, which is away from the counter-force beam, and the counter-force frame form a second cavity, the loading plate is movable relative to the counter-force frame along the length direction of the counter-force frame, or the loading plate is rotatable relative to the counter-force frame around the width direction of the counter-force frame, the expansion assembly is arranged in at least one of the first cavity and the second cavity, the second cavity is suitable for installing a test piece and the test piece is propped against the loading plate, the expansion assembly is suitable for introducing an expansion medium to adjust the acting force of the loading plate on the test piece, and the rigidity and the damping of the expansion assembly are smaller than those of the test piece. The air pressure loading structure testing machine has the advantages of simple structural part, small vibration, low noise and the like.

Description

Air pressure loading structure testing machine

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of civil engineering structure tests, and particularly relates to a pneumatic loading structure testing machine.

Background

The mechanical properties of part of the structural members are affected by the magnitude of external pressure, for example, the vertical rigidity of the rubber support is generally increased along with the increase of the vertical pressure, so that the pressure applied by a test piece is consistent with the use state in actual engineering when the mechanical properties of the structural members are tested.

In the related art, the testing machine cannot simulate the actual boundary condition of a structural test piece in engineering application, and the detection error is large.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention has been made based on the findings and knowledge of the inventors regarding the following facts and problems:

in the related art, for pressure-bearing members such as a shock-insulating support, a structure above the support in actual engineering can be regarded as a mass body which is not constrained by external displacement, and an upper structure only provides a pressure effect on the support without constraining the vertical deformation of the support. The traditional structure testing machine in the civil engineering field applies external force to a test piece through a hydraulic or electromagnetic actuator to simulate the stress condition of the test piece, but because the rigidity of the actuator is high, the vertical vibration of the support can be restrained when the support compression test is carried out, and the situation that the support is only pressed and vertical is not restrained by displacement in actual engineering is not met. The damping of the electromagnetic actuator and the hydraulic actuator is larger, free vibration of a structural test piece in contact with the actuator is quickly attenuated, vibration noise generated in the working process of a general structural test machine is larger, the acquisition of vibration signals of the test piece is not facilitated, and the dynamic characteristics of the support test piece under the condition of being pressed can not be measured by using a transfer function method.

Therefore, the actual boundary condition of the structural test piece in engineering application cannot be simulated when the hydraulic loading structural test machine is used for measuring the dynamic characteristics of the structural test piece. Therefore, there is a need for a structural testing machine that can apply a controllable pressure to a test piece while constraining the vertical displacement of the test piece as weakly as possible and damping as little as possible

The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems in the related art to some extent.

Therefore, the embodiment of the invention provides the air pressure loading structure testing machine which is simple in structure, accurate in detection and small in error.

The air pressure loading structure testing machine according to the embodiment of the invention comprises: a reaction frame including a reaction beam and a support portion, the reaction Liang She being on the support portion; the loading plate is arranged on the supporting part and is opposite to the counterforce beam along the extending direction of the supporting part at intervals to form a first cavity, one side of the loading plate, which is away from the counterforce beam, and the counterforce frame form a second cavity, and the loading plate can move along the length direction of the counterforce frame relative to the counterforce frame or can rotate around the width direction of the counterforce frame relative to the counterforce frame; the expansion assembly is arranged in at least one of the first cavity and the second cavity, the second cavity is suitable for installing a test piece and the test piece is propped against the loading plate, the expansion assembly is suitable for introducing an expansion medium to adjust the acting force of the loading plate on the test piece, and the rigidity and the damping of the expansion assembly are smaller than those of the test piece.

According to the air pressure loading structure testing machine provided by the embodiment of the invention, the expansion assembly is arranged, so that the air pressure loading structure testing machine can be prevented from affecting the free vibration of a test piece in the loading process, the expansion assembly can still naturally maintain the pressure after expansion, a complex power system is not required for real-time adjustment, the vibration noise of the loading device is reduced, and the accuracy of a detection result is improved.

In some embodiments, the pneumatic loading structure testing machine further comprises a first detection assembly disposed in the second cavity and located between the test piece and the loading plate, the first detection assembly being configured to detect a force of the loading plate on the test piece, and/or the pneumatic loading structure testing machine further comprises a second detection assembly disposed in the second cavity and located on a side of the test piece away from the loading plate, the second detection assembly being configured to detect a force of the loading plate on the test piece.

In some embodiments, the expansion assembly includes a plurality of expansion units, the expansion units are sequentially disposed in the first cavity or the second cavity along a circumferential direction of the first cavity, and the expansion assembly has a first state in which expansion media introduced into two adjacent expansion units are the same, and a second state in which expansion media introduced into two adjacent expansion units are different.

In some embodiments, the pneumatic loading structure testing machine further comprises a vibration assembly, wherein the vibration assembly is arranged in the second cavity and is located at one side of the test piece away from the loading plate, and the vibration assembly can emit a vibration signal to drive the test piece to vibrate.

In some embodiments, the pneumatic loading structure tester further comprises: the third detection component is arranged in the loading plate and is used for detecting a vibration signal at one side of the test piece; the fourth detection assembly is arranged in the second cavity and is positioned on one side, away from the loading plate, of the test piece, and the fourth detection assembly is used for detecting vibration signals on the other side of the test piece.

In some embodiments, the reaction beam is movable relative to the support portion and along an extension direction of the support portion, and the pneumatic loading structure testing machine further includes a positioning member detachably connected to the support portion and the reaction beam, respectively, so that the reaction beam is adjustable on the support portion along a height direction of the reaction frame by the positioning member.

In some embodiments, the length direction of the reaction frame is in an up-down direction, the first cavity is located above the second cavity, the expansion assembly is arranged in the first cavity, and the upper side and the lower side of the expansion assembly are connected with the reaction beam and the loading plate, so that the expansion assembly expands to adjust the pressure borne by the test piece, the expansion assembly is in a first state, the amounts of expansion mediums introduced by two adjacent expansion units are the same, and the pressure is uniformly applied to the loading plate.

In some embodiments, the length direction of the reaction frame is in an up-down direction, the first cavity is located above the second cavity, the expansion assembly is arranged in the second cavity and connected with the loading plate, the loading plate is connected with the test piece, so that the expansion assembly expands to adjust the tensile force borne by the test piece, the expansion assembly is in a first state, the amounts of expansion mediums fed by two adjacent expansion units are the same, and the pressure is uniformly applied to the loading plate.

In some embodiments, the length direction of the reaction frame is a horizontal direction, the first cavity and the second cavity are sequentially arranged along the horizontal direction, the pneumatic loading structure testing machine further comprises a cross beam extending along the length direction of the reaction frame, the cross beam is arranged in the second cavity and connected with the loading plate, the expansion assembly is arranged in the first cavity and connected with the reaction beam and the loading plate, so that the loading plate drives the cross beam to move along the length direction of the reaction frame, the test piece is arranged between the cross beam and the bottom of the supporting portion, the upper end of the test piece is connected with the bottom surface of the cross beam, so that the loading plate applies a shearing force to the test piece through the cross beam, the expansion assembly is in a first state, and the quantity of expansion medium introduced by two adjacent expansion units is the same, so that the pressure is uniformly applied to the loading plate.

In some embodiments, the air pressure loading structure testing machine further includes a rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is arranged on the loading plate in a penetrating manner and is rotatably arranged in the reaction frame, the expansion assembly includes a first expansion unit, a second expansion unit, a third expansion unit and a fourth expansion unit, the first expansion unit and the second expansion unit are arranged in the reaction frame, the first expansion unit and the second expansion unit are arranged in the first cavity and are arranged along the length direction of the reaction frame at intervals, the rotating shaft is located between the first expansion unit and the second expansion unit, the test piece and the rotating shaft are arranged relatively in the width direction of the reaction frame, the third expansion unit and the fourth expansion unit are arranged in the second cavity, the third expansion unit and the first expansion unit are arranged relatively in the width interval of the reaction frame, the fourth expansion unit and the second expansion unit are arranged relatively in the width interval of the reaction frame, the test piece and the fourth expansion unit are arranged between the third expansion unit and the fourth expansion unit, and the test piece and the second expansion unit are not arranged in the same expansion assembly, and the test piece are in the same in the medium.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a pneumatic loading structure testing machine according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the portion 1-1 of FIG. 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of section 2-2 of FIG. 1, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the portion 3-3 of FIG. 1, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the portion 4-4 of FIG. 1, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the portion 5-5 of FIG. 1, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing the installation of a first detection assembly and a third detection assembly of the pneumatic loading structure testing machine according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing the installation of the second and fourth sensing assemblies of the pneumatic loading structure testing machine according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing the installation of a vibration module of the pneumatic loading structure testing machine according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a side view of a first embodiment air pressure loading structure testing machine of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a pneumatic loading structure testing machine according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a schematic view of a pneumatic loading structure tester according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of a pneumatic loading structure tester according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a schematic view of a pneumatic loading structure tester according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 15 is a schematic view of the structure of an expansion assembly of a pneumatic loading structure tester according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The pneumatic loading structure tester 100;

a reaction frame 1; a reaction beam 11; a reaction main beam 111; a reaction force secondary beam 112; a support 12; a support rod 121; a first cavity 122; a second chamber 123; a bottom plate 13;

a loading plate 2; a limit wheel 21;

an expansion assembly 3; a first expansion unit 31; a second expansion unit 32; a third expansion unit 33; a fourth expansion unit 34; connecting plate 35

A first detection assembly 4; a second detection assembly 5;

a vibration assembly 6;

a third detection assembly 7; a fourth detection assembly 8; a cross beam 9; a rotating shaft 10; a first suspension ring 101; a second suspension ring 102; test piece 103.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative and intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the invention.

An air pressure loading structure testing machine according to an embodiment of the present invention is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in fig. 1 to 15, an air pressure loading structure testing machine 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a reaction frame 1, a loading plate 2, and an expansion assembly 3.

The reaction frame 1 includes a reaction beam 11 and a support portion 12, and the reaction beam 11 is provided on the support portion 12. Specifically, as shown in fig. 1-2, the support 12 includes a plurality of rigid support rods 121, the support rods 121 being disposed at intervals in the left-right or front-rear direction to form a support frame and enclosing a loading space formed in the support 12, and the reaction beam 11 being mounted on a horizontal plane of a certain height in the loading space, the reaction beam 11 being rigid and fixedly mounted in the support 12.

The loading plate 2 is arranged on the supporting part 12 and is arranged opposite to the counter-force beam 11 along the extending direction of the supporting part 12 at intervals to form a first cavity 122, and one side of the loading plate 2 away from the counter-force beam 11 and the counter-force frame 1 form a second cavity 123, namely the supporting part 12 is divided into the first cavity 122 and the second cavity 123 by the loading plate 2. The loading plate 2 is movable relative to the reaction frame 1 in the longitudinal direction of the reaction frame 1, or the loading plate 2 is rotatable relative to the reaction frame 1 about an axis perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the reaction frame 1. Specifically, as shown in fig. 1-15, the load plate 2 may be configured according to actual conditions, such as: as shown in fig. 1 and 11, when the reaction frame 1 is vertically installed on the ground, i.e., the length direction of the reaction frame 1 is vertical, the loading plate 2 is a horizontal plate and divides the support portion 12 into a first chamber 122 and a second chamber 123 provided in the up-down direction, as shown in fig. 12 and 14, when the reaction frame 1 is horizontally installed on the bottom surface, i.e., the length direction of the reaction frame 1 is horizontal, the loading plate 2 is a vertical plate and divides the support portion 12 into a first chamber 122 and a second chamber 123 provided in the left-right direction, and the movement of the loading plate 2 can be performed in the up-down direction or the left-right direction according to the test requirements, or can be rotated around the front-rear direction.

The expansion assembly 3 is arranged in at least one of the first cavity 122 and the second cavity 123, the second cavity 123 is suitable for installing the test piece 103, the test piece 103 is propped against the loading plate 2, the expansion assembly 3 is suitable for being filled with expansion medium to adjust the acting force of the loading plate 2 on the test piece 103, and the rigidity and the damping of the expansion assembly 3 are smaller than those of the test piece 103. Specifically, as shown in fig. 1 to 15, the expansion assembly 3 may be an air cushion and may be filled with high-pressure air, and the expansion assembly 3 may be disposed in the first chamber 122 and the second chamber 123 according to practical situations, for example: when it is desired to measure the pressure of the test piece 103, as shown in fig. 1, the expansion assembly 3 may be disposed in the first chamber 122 such that the expansion assembly 3, when expanded, pushes the loading plate 2 to move toward a direction adjacent to the test piece 103 to apply pressure to the test piece 103 through the loading plate 2, and when it is desired to measure the tension of the test piece 103, as shown in fig. 11, it is desired to dispose the expansion assembly 3 in the second chamber 123 such that the expansion assembly 3, when expanded, pushes the loading plate 2 to move toward a direction away from the test piece 103 to apply tension to the test piece 103 through the loading plate 2.

According to the pneumatic loading structure testing machine 100 disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, the loading plate 2 and the expansion assembly 3 are arranged, the expansion assembly 3 loads the test piece 103 through the loading plate 2, and the rigidity of the expansion assembly 3 is far smaller than that of the structural test piece 103 and the damping of the expansion assembly 3 is smaller, so that the expansion assembly 3 avoids affecting the free vibration of the test piece 103. And the expansion assembly 3 can naturally keep pressure within a period of time after expansion is finished, a complex power system is not required to adjust constantly, so that the air pressure loading structure testing machine 100 basically does not have vibration noise, the problems that in the related art, the structure testing machine cannot realize high-pressure low-constraint vertical compression loading and the testing machine has large interference in acquisition of vibration signals of the test piece 103 are effectively solved, and the accuracy of the test is improved.

According to the pneumatic loading structure testing machine 100 disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, the acting force borne by the test piece 103 mainly comes from the pressure generated by the expansion of the expansion assembly 3, the expansion assembly 3 naturally keeps the pressure after the completion of the pressurization, and the pneumatic loading structure testing machine 100 is static and has small vibration noise, and because the compression rigidity of the expansion assembly 3 is small, and sufficient pressure can be applied through filling an expansion medium, in addition, the working state that structural members such as a support and the like are only subjected to vertical pressure in actual engineering and are not limited by upper displacement can be better simulated.

In some embodiments, the reaction beam 11 includes 2 reaction main beams 111 and a plurality of reaction secondary beams 112, and both ends of the reaction main beams 111 are respectively connected with two vertical support rods 121 by bolts. The two ends of each counterforce secondary beam 112 are respectively connected with two counterforce main beams 111, the bottom surfaces of the counterforce main beams 111 and the counterforce secondary beams 112 are positioned on the same plane, the two ends of the counterforce main beams 111 are respectively connected with two vertical support rods 121 through bolts, and it can be understood that bolt holes at different heights are selected for bolt connection, the counterforce beams 11 can be arranged at different heights, the height of a loading space in the support part 12 is changed, and the loading requirements of test pieces 103 at different heights are flexibly adapted.

In some embodiments, the support 12 may be provided in different numbers depending on the actual situation, and may take different structural arrangements, such as providing a column base for the vertical support 12.

In some embodiments, the loading plate 2 is composed of an upper steel flat plate, a lower steel flat plate and a certain number of vertical stiffening ribs, the loading plate 2 has a large rigidity so that deformation of the loading plate 2 under the action of air cushion pressure is negligible, and the pressure of the expansion assembly 3 is transmitted to the test piece 103 when the loading plate 2 moves or rotates.

In some embodiments, the load plate 2 is arranged in a different structure to ensure rigidity, such as reinforced concrete plates, and in addition, the load plate 2 can also adopt a different form to limit the rotation and the displacement in the horizontal plane.

In some embodiments, the pneumatic loading structure tester 100 has two versions, a self-balancing configuration and a non-self-balancing configuration.

In the self-balancing configuration, the bottom of the reaction frame 1 has a bottom plate 13, the bottom plate 13 being connected to the bottom of the support 12, the bottom plate 13, the support 12 and the reaction beam 11 enclosing a loading space within the support 12, the bottom plate 13 and the reaction frame 1 being spaced apart to define a second cavity 123, the pressure of the test piece 103 in the self-balancing configuration acting downwardly on the bottom plate 13, in other words the pressure of the test piece 103 in the self-balancing configuration acting downwardly on the interior of the reaction frame 1.

In the non-self-balancing configuration, the bottom of the support 12 is connected to the ground, the ground and the reaction frame 1 being spaced apart to define a second cavity 123, the test piece 103 being placed on the ground in the loading space. The pressure of the test piece 103 in the non-self-balancing configuration acts downwardly on the ground, i.e. outside the reaction frame 1.

In some embodiments, the reaction frame 1 is provided with 4 support rods 121 as vertical support parts 12 arranged at intervals and surrounds to form a loading space, and the reaction beam 11 is installed on a horizontal plane with a certain height of the loading space, wherein the reaction beam 11 comprises 2 reaction main beams 111 and a plurality of reaction secondary beams 112. The opposite main beam 111 is connected to the two vertical support portions 12 by bolts at both ends. Both ends of each reaction force secondary beam 112 are respectively connected with two reaction force main beams 111, and the bottom surfaces of the reaction force main beams 111 and the reaction force secondary beams 112 are on the same plane.

In some embodiments, the pneumatic loading structure testing machine 100 further includes a first detection assembly 4, where the first detection assembly 4 is disposed in the second cavity 123 and between the test piece 103 and the load plate 2, and the first detection assembly is configured to detect a force applied by the load plate 2 to the test piece 103. Specifically, the first detecting components 4 are axial pressure sensors and are all arranged in the second cavity 123, and the first detecting components 4 are arranged on the loading plate 2 and located between the loading plate 2 and the test piece 103, so that vertical pressure load signals borne by the loading plate 2 are collected and output through the first detecting components 4, the pressure actually applied to the loading plate 2 by the expansion component 3 can be accurately obtained in real time in the test process, and a reference is provided for adjusting the air pressure of the expansion component 3.

In some embodiments, the pneumatic loading structure testing machine 100 further includes a second detecting assembly 5, where the second detecting assembly 5 is located in the second cavity 123 and located on a side of the test piece 103 away from the loading plate 2, and the second detecting assembly 5 is configured to detect a force applied by the loading plate to the test piece 103. Specifically, the second detection assembly 5 is an axial pressure sensor, in a self-balancing configuration, the second detection assembly 5 is disposed on the bottom plate 13 and between the test piece 103 and the bottom plate 13, and in a non-self-balancing configuration, the second detection assembly 5 is disposed on the ground and between the test piece 103 and the ground, the second detection assembly 5 is connected to the test piece 103, and the second detection assembly 5 can measure a vertical pressure load to which the test piece 103 is subjected.

In some embodiments, the pneumatic loading structure testing machine 100 further includes a vibration assembly 6, where the vibration assembly 6 is disposed in the second cavity 123 on a side of the test piece 103 away from the loading plate 2, and the vibration assembly 6 may emit a vibration signal to drive the test piece 103 to vibrate. Specifically, as shown in fig. 9, the vibration assembly 6 is a vibration signal generator, in a self-balancing configuration, the vibration assembly 6 is disposed on the base plate 13 between the test piece 103 and the base plate 13, and in a non-self-balancing configuration, the vibration assembly 6 is disposed on the ground between the test piece 103 and the ground, and the vibration assembly 6 can generate a vibration signal to test the dynamic characteristics of the structural test piece 103.

In some embodiments, the pneumatic loading structure tester 100 further includes a third detection assembly 7 and a fourth detection assembly 8.

The third detection assembly 7 is arranged in the loading plate 2, and the third detection assembly 7 is used for detecting a vibration signal of one side of the test piece 103. The fourth detection component 8 is disposed in the second cavity 123 and located at one side of the test piece 103 away from the loading plate 2, and the fourth detection component 8 is used for detecting a vibration signal of the other side of the test piece 103. Specifically, as shown in fig. 7 and 8, the third detection assembly 7 and the fourth detection assembly 8 are vibration signal collectors, and the third detection assembly 7 is disposed on the loading plate 2, and in the self-balancing configuration, the fourth detection assembly 8 is disposed on the bottom plate 13 and between the test piece 103 and the bottom plate 13, and in the non-self-balancing configuration, the fourth detection assembly 8 is disposed on the ground and between the test piece 103 and the ground. Thus, the third detection unit 7 and the fourth detection unit 8 detect vibration signals (for example, vibration frequency, vibration intensity, etc.) on both sides of the test piece 103, respectively, and the third detection unit 7 and the fourth detection unit 8 obtain a transfer function from the detected changes in the front and rear vibration waves of the test piece 103, and further analyze the characteristic frequency of the test piece 103, thereby obtaining the dynamic characteristics of the test piece 103 according to the transfer function. Therefore, through the cooperation of the first detection assembly 4, the second detection assembly 5, the third detection assembly 7 of the vibration assembly 6 and the fourth detection assembly 8, the free vibration of the test piece 103 or the vertical vibration response under external excitation can be measured, and the dynamic performance of the structural test piece can be accurately measured.

It should be noted that, the vibration assembly 6, the third detection assembly 7 and the fourth detection assembly 8 may be disposed in plurality, but at most one vibration assembly 6 generator is in a working state at the same time, so as to prevent a plurality of signal vibration sources from being present at the same time, and increase analysis difficulty. Through the vibration signal of collection bottom plate 13 and loading board 2 simultaneously, but the transfer function of analysis vibration signal in test piece 103, and then analysis test piece 103 characteristic frequency, in addition, through evenly arranging third detection subassembly 7 and fourth detection subassembly 8 at a plurality of point positions, can comparatively accurately obtain the characteristics of vibration signal completely, the vibration signal of vibration subassembly 6 actual output can be gathered to fourth detection subassembly 8 to avoid the error of vibration subassembly 6 and the change of vibration signal generation mechanism that probably appears after installing test piece 103.

In some embodiments, the reaction beam 11 is movable relative to the support 12 and along the extending direction of the support 12, and the pneumatic loading structure testing machine 100 further includes positioning members detachably connected to the support 12 and the reaction beam 11, respectively, so that the reaction beam 11 is adjustable on the support 12 in the height direction of the reaction frame 1 by the positioning members. Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the reaction beam 11 is detachably provided on the support portion 12 by a positioning member and is movable in the up-down direction and positioned by the positioning member, thereby adjusting the position of the reaction beam 11 on the support portion 12.

The air pressure loading structure testing machine 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention does not limit the supporting portion 12, for example: the support 12 is provided with a plurality of sets of clamping grooves at different heights along the length direction on the side surface, the reaction beam 11 is arranged at different heights by the clamping grooves 122, or the positioning piece can be a screw or a bolt, and the support 12 and the reaction beam 11 are connected through the screw or the bolt, so that the height of the reaction beam 11 is adjusted.

In some embodiments, a side of the support portion 12 facing the loading plate 2 is provided with a sliding rail extending along the extending direction of the support portion 12, and the loading plate 2 is provided with a limiting wheel 21 slidably matched with the sliding rail, so that the loading plate 2 is movable along the extending direction of the support portion 12. Specifically, as shown in fig. 1-13, the inner sides of the 4 support rods 121 are respectively provided with a sliding rail 121 extending along the length direction, the loading plate 2 is provided with a limiting wheel 21 matched with the sliding rail pair, the limiting wheel 21 is fixed with the loading plate 2 into a whole through bolt connection, the thickness of the limiting wheel 21 is matched with the width of the sliding rail, the limiting wheels 21 at four corners of the loading plate 2 are respectively clamped into the sliding rail, and the limiting wheels 21 can move along the arrangement direction of the sliding rail, namely the vertical direction. Thereby, the sliding rail and the limiting wheel 21 are matched to form a limiting device, so that the loading plate 2 cannot translate and rotate relative to the width direction of the supporting part and does not block the movement of the loading plate 2 along the length direction of the supporting part.

It can be appreciated that, since the limiting wheel 21 is fixed with the loading plate 2 as a whole, and the limiting wheel 21 constrains the translation and rotation of the loading plate 2, only the movement of the limiting wheel is allowed along the length direction of the supporting member 121, so that the external force applied to the test piece 103 is ensured to come from the expansion assembly 3, and the safety of the pneumatic loading structure testing machine 100 is ensured.

In some embodiments, the expansion assembly 3 includes a plurality of expansion units sequentially disposed in the first chamber 122 or the second chamber 123 along the circumferential direction of the first chamber 122, and the expansion assembly 3 has a first state in which the expansion medium introduced into adjacent two expansion units is the same, and a second state in which the expansion medium introduced into adjacent two expansion units is different. Specifically, as shown in fig. 1-14, the expansion units may be configured according to practical situations, where a plurality of expansion units are uniformly distributed in the first cavity 122 or the second cavity 123, for example: in the first state, the expansion media introduced into the expansion units are the same so that the air pressure in each expansion unit is equal, and in the second state, the expansion media introduced into the expansion units are different so that the air pressure in the expansion units can be different, so that the expansion units can be adjusted according to actual conditions, and the acting force applied to the test piece 103 is adjusted.

In some embodiments, the expansion assembly 3 is spherical, the top of which is in contact with the bottom of the reaction beam 11 in the inflated condition, and 4 connection plates 35 are arranged at appropriate intervals on the upper surface of the loading plate 2 according to the shape of the air cushion, the connection plates 35 can be connected with the expansion assembly 3 by bonding, and the connection plates 35 can be fixed on the upper surface of the loading plate 2 by bolting. Through this setting, can be according to the nimble different air cushions of dismouting of loading demand, the air cushion of being convenient for overhauls simultaneously, guarantees device universality and security.

In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 15, the expansion assembly 3 has different numbers and shapes to accommodate different gauges of structural testers. For example: the inflation assembly 3 may be any of spherical, cylindrical, square, etc.

In some embodiments, the expansion assembly 3 and load plate 2 take different forms of connection fixation, such as a flanged connection.

In some embodiments, the reaction beam 11 is provided with a first hanging ring 101, the side surface of the loading plate 2 is provided with a second hanging ring 102 matched with the first hanging ring 101, and slings respectively penetrate through the first hanging ring 101 and the second hanging ring 102. Therefore, when the loading is not carried out, the sling can be used for pulling up the loading plate 2, the loading plate 2 is prevented from falling on the bottom plate 13, a certain distance between the loading plate 2 and the bottom plate 13 can be ensured, enough operation space is ensured when the test piece 103 is arranged and the test is finished to take out the test piece 103, and the operation simplicity and safety of the testing machine are improved. At the time of loading, the slings are released so that the loading plate 2 is subjected only to the driving force of the expansion assembly 3.

The length of the sling can be adjusted through the limiting wheels 21 and other devices, so that the sling can be shortened in the process of installing the test piece 103, and the loading plate 2 is pulled up; after the test piece 103 is installed, a sling is stretched, so that the loading plate 2 falls and contacts with the top of the test piece 103; during the vertical downward movement of the load plate 2 until it contacts the test piece 103 and a set loading pressure is applied, the slings are of sufficient length not to interfere with the vertical movement of the load plate 2.

It is worth mentioning that different forms of device designs may be used to lift the load plate 2, such as arranging jacks, electric telescopic rods, air cylinders, etc. under the load plate 2 to lift the load plate 2.

In some embodiments, the length direction of the reaction frame 1 is the up-down direction, the first cavity 122 is located above the second cavity 123, the expansion assembly 3 is disposed in the first cavity 122, and the upper and lower sides of the expansion assembly 3 are connected to the reaction beam 11 and the loading plate 2, so that the expansion assembly 3 expands to adjust the pressure applied to the test piece 103. Specifically, as shown in fig. 1 to 10, the supporting portion 12 extends in the up-down direction, and the loading plate 2 is a cross plate to divide the supporting portion 12 into a first cavity 122 and a second cavity 123 in the up-down direction, the first cavity 122 is an upper cavity, and the second cavity 123 is a lower cavity, the expansion assembly 3 includes 4 expansion units (4 as shown in fig. 3) and is uniformly disposed in the first cavity 122, the upper end of each expansion unit is connected to the counter-force beam 11, the lower end of each expansion unit is connected to the loading plate 2, the expansion assembly 3 is in a first state, in other words, the amounts of expansion mediums introduced by two adjacent expansion units are the same, and pressure is uniformly applied to the loading plate 2, so that the expansion assembly 3 expands to drive the loading plate 2 to move downward, and thus the pressure of the loading plate 2 on the test piece 103 is improved, and the pressure applied to the test piece 103 should be consistent with the use state in actual engineering when the mechanical performance of the test piece 103 is measured.

In some embodiments, the reaction frame 1 has a longitudinal direction that is up and down, the first chamber 122 is located above the second chamber 123, and the expansion assembly 3 is disposed in the second chamber 123 and connected to the loading plate 2, and the loading plate 2 is connected to the test piece 103, so that the expansion assembly 3 expands to adjust the tensile force exerted on the test piece 103. Specifically, as shown in fig. 11, the supporting portion 12 extends in the up-down direction, the loading plate 2 is a cross plate to divide the supporting portion 12 into a first chamber 122 and a second chamber 123 in the up-down direction, the first chamber 122 is an upper chamber, the second chamber 123 is a lower chamber, the expansion assembly 3 is 2 (two as shown in fig. 11), two expansion units are disposed in the second chamber 123 at intervals along the left-right direction, the upper end of each expansion unit is connected with the loading plate 2 (e.g. adhesion, screw connection, etc.), the lower end of each expansion unit abuts against the bottom plate 13 (or the ground), the loading plate 2 is connected with the upper end of the test piece 103, the expansion assembly 3 is in the first state, in other words, the amounts of the expansion mediums introduced by the two expansion units are the same, and a uniform pressure is applied to the loading plate 2, so that the expansion assembly 3 expands to drive the loading plate 2 to move upwards, and thus the loading plate 2 applies a tensile force to the test piece 103, when measuring the mechanical properties of the test piece 103, the tensile force applied by the test piece 103 should be consistent with the use state in actual engineering.

In some embodiments, the length direction of the reaction frame 1 is horizontal, the first cavity 122 and the second cavity 123 are sequentially arranged along the horizontal direction, the air pressure loading structure testing machine 100 further comprises a cross beam 9 extending along the length direction of the reaction frame 1, the cross beam 9 is arranged in the second cavity 123 and is connected with the loading plate 2, the expansion assembly 3 is arranged in the first cavity 122 and is connected with the reaction beam 11 and the loading plate 2, so that the loading plate 2 drives the cross beam 9 to move along the length direction of the reaction frame 1, the test piece 103 is arranged between the cross beam 9 and the bottom of the supporting portion 12, the axial direction of the test piece 103 is vertical, namely, the axial direction of the test piece 103 is vertical to the length direction of the reaction frame 1, and the upper end of the test piece 103 is in contact with the cross beam 9, so that the loading plate 2 applies a shearing force to the test piece 103 through the cross beam 9. Specifically, as shown in fig. 12 and 13, the reaction frame 1 is horizontally placed on the ground and extends along the left-right direction, the loading plate 2 is a vertical plate and is arranged in the supporting portion 12 and divides the supporting portion 12 into a first cavity 122 and a second cavity 123 along the left-right direction, the first cavity 122 is arranged on the right side of the second cavity 123, the cross beam 9 extends along the left-right direction and the right end of the cross beam 9 is connected with the left end of the loading plate 2, the expansion assembly 3 can comprise 1 expansion unit or a plurality of expansion units, the expansion units are sequentially connected along the left-right direction and are arranged in the first cavity 122, the left end and the right end of the expansion assembly 3 are respectively connected with the reaction beam 11 and the loading plate 2, the expansion assembly 3 is in a first state, the amounts of expansion mediums fed by two adjacent expansion units are the same, so as to uniformly apply 2-pressurizing force to the loading plate, the expansion assembly 3 drives the loading plate 2 to move along the left-right direction, the cross beam 9 is arranged at intervals on one side of the cross beam 9 adjacent to the ground to the test piece 1, the test piece 103 is arranged on one side of the cross beam 9 adjacent to the ground, and the test piece 103 is matched with the shear force machine 103 in the axial direction and the shear force machine is applied to the test piece 103 in the axial direction, and the shear force machine is applied to the test piece 103 is in the state is in the same as the axial direction as the test piece 103 is applied to the test piece 2.

In some embodiments, the pneumatic loading structure testing machine 100 further includes a rotating shaft 10, where the rotating shaft 10 is disposed on the loading plate 2 in a penetrating manner and is rotatably disposed in the reaction frame 1. Specifically, as shown in fig. 14, the rotary shaft 10 extends in the front-rear direction and is provided in the reaction frame 1 at an upper end surface thereof located in the reaction frame 1, the rotary shaft 10 is provided in the middle of the loading plate 2 in a penetrating manner, the loading plate 2 extends in the left-right direction and both sides of the outer peripheral surface of the loading plate 2 are provided at intervals from the inner peripheral surface of the reaction frame 1, so that the loading plate 2 rotates in the reaction frame 1 through the rotary shaft 10.

In some embodiments, the expansion assembly 3 includes a first expansion unit 31, a second expansion unit 32, a third expansion unit 33, and a fourth expansion unit 34, the first expansion unit 31 and the second expansion unit 32 are disposed in the reaction frame 1, the first expansion unit 31 and the second expansion unit 32 are disposed in the first cavity 122 and are disposed at intervals along the length direction of the reaction frame 1, the rotation shaft 10 is disposed between the first expansion unit 31 and the second expansion unit 32, the test piece 103 is disposed opposite to the rotation shaft 10 in the width direction of the reaction frame 1, the third expansion unit 33 and the fourth expansion unit 34 are disposed in the second cavity 123, the third expansion unit 33 and the first expansion unit 31 are disposed opposite to each other in the width direction of the reaction frame 1, the fourth expansion unit 34 and the second expansion unit 32 are disposed opposite to each other in the width direction of the reaction frame 1, and the test piece 103 is disposed between the third expansion unit 33 and the fourth expansion unit 34. Specifically, as shown in fig. 14, the first expansion unit 31, the second expansion unit 32, the third expansion unit 33, and the fourth expansion unit 34 are all air cushions, the first expansion unit 31 and the third expansion unit 33 are provided at the left end of the loading plate 2, the first expansion unit 31 is provided on the upper end surface of the loading plate 2, the third expansion unit 33 is provided on the lower end surface of the loading plate 2, the second expansion unit 32 and the fourth expansion unit 34 are provided at the right end of the loading plate 2, the second expansion unit 32 is provided on the upper end surface of the loading plate 2, the fourth expansion unit 34 is provided on the lower end surface of the loading plate 2, and the test piece 103 is provided below the loading plate 2 and in the middle of the loading plate 2. Therefore, the loading plate 2 can be pushed to rotate by the arrangement of the first expansion unit 31, the second expansion unit 32, the third expansion unit 33 and the fourth expansion unit 34 so as to apply bending moment to the test piece 103, so that the bending moment born by the test piece 103 is consistent with the use state in actual engineering when the mechanical property of the test piece 103 is measured.

As shown in fig. 14, when the rotating shaft 10 is a horizontal shaft, the air pressure loading tester in this embodiment is a bending moment loading tester. And the air pressure loading testing machine in the embodiment can be laid flat, namely the rotating shaft 10 is changed into a vertical shaft, and the air pressure loading testing machine is a structural torque loading testing machine. In this case, the expansion assembly 3 is in the second state, and the amounts of expansion medium introduced into the two expansion units in the same chamber are different, in other words, the amounts of expansion medium introduced into the first expansion unit 31 and the second expansion unit 32 in the first chamber 122 are different, and the amounts of expansion medium introduced into the third expansion unit 33 and the fourth expansion unit 34 in the second chamber 123 are different, but the amounts of expansion medium introduced into the axes of the first expansion unit 31 and the fourth expansion unit 34 are the same, and the amounts of expansion medium introduced into the axes of the second expansion unit 32 and the third expansion unit 33 are the same. So that the combined thrust forces from the first expansion unit 31 and the third expansion unit 33 received by the left end of the loading plate and the combined thrust forces from the second expansion unit 32 and the fourth expansion unit 34 received by the right end are the same in magnitude and opposite in direction, and the loading plate 2 receives a bending moment about the rotary shaft 10.

Noteworthy are: the torque is also a special one of bending moments, and the torque in structural engineering causes stress in the test piece 103 and mainly takes shear stress, and the torque usually enables the test piece 103 to rotate around a main axis; the stress caused by the bending moment in the test piece 103 is mainly tensile stress, so that the test piece 103 bends in a plane passing through the main axis. Because the test piece 103 mainly tested by the experimental machine is mainly subjected to vertical force, the main axis of the test piece 103 can be defaulted to be vertical, so that the torque is that the moment axis is along the vertical line, and the moment axis of the bending moment is that a certain horizontal line.

The pneumatic loading structure testing machine 100 of the first embodiment of the present invention operates as follows:

when the test piece 103 is placed on the ground or the center of the bottom plate 13 and still has a certain distance from the upper moving loading plate 2, the height of the expansion assembly 3 can be increased by inflating and pressurizing the air cushion through the air port, after the upper surface of the expansion assembly 3 is contacted with the bottom of the counter-force beam 9 to generate pressure, the lower surface of the expansion assembly 3 can apply downward thrust to the moving loading plate 2 to enable the moving loading plate 2 to vertically move downwards until the lower surface of the expansion assembly 3 is contacted with the test piece 103, the upper surface and the lower surface of the test piece 103 are respectively stressed by the pressure of the moving loading plate 2 and the bottom plate 13 or the ground, and the pressure born by the test piece 103 can be accurately adjusted by adjusting the output signals of the first detection assembly 4 and the second detection assembly 5 through adjusting the amount of gas filled into the cavity of the expansion assembly 3. Because the rigidity and the damping of the expansion assembly 3 are smaller, the invention can accurately simulate the boundary conditions of the test piece 103 when vibrating in the structure. After the test piece 103 is subjected to pressure loading, the base plate 13 or the vibration component 6 arranged on the ground outputs vibration signals and sequentially passes through the test piece 103 and the movable loading plate 2, the vibration signals are finally received by the third detection component 7 and the fourth detection component 8 arranged in the movable loading plate 2, and the characteristic frequency of the test piece 103 can be determined by analyzing the transfer function of the vibration signals sent by the vibration component 6 and the vibration signals received by the third detection component 7 and the fourth detection component 8.

In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless specifically defined otherwise.

In the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; may be mechanically connected, may be electrically connected or may be in communication with each other; either directly or indirectly, through intermediaries, or both, may be in communication with each other or in interaction with each other, unless expressly defined otherwise. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.

In the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature "up" or "down" a second feature may be the first and second features in direct contact, or the first and second features in indirect contact via an intervening medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "over" and "on" a second feature may be a first feature being directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is level higher than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature may be the first feature being directly under or obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is less level than the second feature.

For purposes of this disclosure, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "a particular example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples may be combined and combined by those skilled in the art without contradiction.

While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and not to be construed as limiting the invention, and that variations, modifications, alternatives and variations may be made to the above embodiments by one of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. An air pressure loading structure testing machine, comprising:

A reaction frame including a reaction beam and a support portion, the reaction Liang She being on the support portion;

the loading plate is arranged on the supporting part and is opposite to the counterforce beam along the extending direction of the supporting part at intervals to form a first cavity, one side of the loading plate, which is away from the counterforce beam, and the counterforce frame form a second cavity, and the loading plate can move along the length direction of the counterforce frame relative to the counterforce frame or can rotate around the width direction of the counterforce frame relative to the counterforce frame;

the expansion assembly is arranged in at least one of the first cavity and the second cavity, the second cavity is suitable for installing a test piece and the test piece is propped against the loading plate, the expansion assembly is suitable for introducing an expansion medium to adjust the acting force of the loading plate on the test piece, and the rigidity and the damping of the expansion assembly are smaller than those of the test piece.

2. The air pressure loading structure testing machine according to claim 1, further comprising a first detecting assembly disposed in said second chamber and located between said test piece and said loading plate, said first detecting assembly for detecting the force of said loading plate on said test piece,

And/or, the air pressure loading structure testing machine further comprises a second detection assembly, wherein the second detection assembly is positioned in the second cavity and positioned at one side of the test piece away from the loading plate, and the second detection assembly is used for detecting acting force of the loading plate on the test piece.

3. The air pressure loading structure testing machine according to claim 1, wherein the expansion assembly comprises a plurality of expansion units, the expansion units are sequentially arranged in the first cavity or the second cavity along the circumferential direction of the first cavity, the expansion assembly has a first state and a second state, expansion media introduced into adjacent two expansion units are the same in the first state, and expansion media introduced into adjacent two expansion units are different in the second state.

4. The air pressure loading structure testing machine of claim 1, further comprising a vibration assembly disposed in the second cavity on a side of the test piece remote from the loading plate, the vibration assembly being operable to emit a vibration signal to drive the test piece to vibrate.

5. The air pressure loading structure testing machine according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising:

The third detection component is arranged in the loading plate and is used for detecting a vibration signal at one side of the test piece;

the fourth detection assembly is arranged in the second cavity and is positioned on one side, away from the loading plate, of the test piece, and the fourth detection assembly is used for detecting vibration signals on the other side of the test piece.

6. The air pressure loading structure testing machine according to claim 1, wherein the reaction beam is movable relative to the support portion and along the extending direction of the support portion, and further comprising positioning members detachably connected to the support portion and the reaction beam, respectively, so that the reaction beam is adjustable on the support portion along the height direction of the reaction frame by the positioning members.

7. The air pressure loading structure testing machine according to claim 1, wherein the length direction of the reaction frame is the up-down direction, the first cavity is located above the second cavity, the expansion assembly is arranged in the first cavity, and the upper side and the lower side of the expansion assembly are connected with the reaction beam and the loading plate, so that the expansion assembly expands to adjust the pressure applied to the test piece.

8. The air pressure loading structure testing machine according to claim 1, wherein the length direction of the reaction frame is the up-down direction, the first cavity is located above the second cavity, the expansion assembly is arranged in the second cavity and is connected with the loading plate, and the loading plate is connected with the test piece, so that the expansion assembly expands to adjust the tensile force exerted on the test piece.

9. The air pressure loading structure testing machine according to claim 1, wherein the length direction of the reaction frame is a horizontal direction, the first cavity and the second cavity are sequentially arranged along the horizontal direction,

the air pressure loading structure testing machine further comprises a cross beam extending along the length direction of the reaction frame, the cross beam is arranged in the second cavity and connected with the loading plate, the expansion assembly is arranged in the first cavity and connected with the reaction beam and the loading plate, so that the loading plate drives the cross beam to move along the length direction of the reaction frame, the test piece is arranged between the cross beam and the bottom of the supporting portion, and the upper end of the test piece is connected with the bottom surface of the cross beam, so that the loading plate applies shearing force to the test piece through the cross beam.

10. The air pressure loading structure testing machine according to claim 1, further comprising a rotating shaft which is arranged on the loading plate in a penetrating way and is rotatably arranged in the reaction frame,

the expansion assembly comprises a first expansion unit, a second expansion unit, a third expansion unit and a fourth expansion unit, wherein the first expansion unit and the second expansion unit are arranged in the counter-force frame, the first expansion unit and the second expansion unit are arranged in the first cavity and are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the counter-force frame, the rotating shaft is positioned between the first expansion unit and the second expansion unit, the test piece and the rotating shaft are arranged opposite to each other in the width direction of the counter-force frame,

the third expansion unit and the fourth expansion unit are arranged in the second cavity, the third expansion unit and the first expansion unit are arranged oppositely at the width interval of the reaction frame, the fourth expansion unit and the second expansion unit are arranged oppositely at the width interval of the reaction frame, and the test piece is arranged between the third expansion unit and the fourth expansion unit.