CN116972159A - 填充致动器的衔铁室 - Google Patents

填充致动器的衔铁室 Download PDF

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CN116972159A
CN116972159A CN202310477586.XA CN202310477586A CN116972159A CN 116972159 A CN116972159 A CN 116972159A CN 202310477586 A CN202310477586 A CN 202310477586A CN 116972159 A CN116972159 A CN 116972159A
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actuator
transmission
fluid
filling
armature
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R·沙努尔
T·施密特
J·克内尔
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ZF Friedrichshafen AG
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H61/00Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/02Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used
    • F16H61/0202Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric
    • F16H61/0251Elements specially adapted for electric control units, e.g. valves for converting electrical signals to fluid signals
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H61/00Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/02Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used
    • F16H61/0262Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being hydraulic
    • F16H61/0276Elements specially adapted for hydraulic control units, e.g. valves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H61/00Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H61/00Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/02Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used
    • F16H61/0202Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric
    • F16H61/0204Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric for gearshift control, e.g. control functions for performing shifting or generation of shift signal
    • F16H61/0206Layout of electro-hydraulic control circuits, e.g. arrangement of valves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H61/00Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/12Detecting malfunction or potential malfunction, e.g. fail safe; Circumventing or fixing failures
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H61/00Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H2061/0046Details of fluid supply channels, e.g. within shafts, for supplying friction devices or transmission actuators with control fluid
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H61/00Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/02Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used
    • F16H61/0202Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric
    • F16H61/0251Elements specially adapted for electric control units, e.g. valves for converting electrical signals to fluid signals
    • F16H2061/0253Details of electro hydraulic valves, e.g. lands, ports, spools or springs
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H61/00Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/02Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used
    • F16H61/0262Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being hydraulic
    • F16H61/0276Elements specially adapted for hydraulic control units, e.g. valves
    • F16H2061/0279Details of hydraulic valves, e.g. lands, ports, spools or springs
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H61/00Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/12Detecting malfunction or potential malfunction, e.g. fail safe; Circumventing or fixing failures
    • F16H2061/1256Detecting malfunction or potential malfunction, e.g. fail safe; Circumventing or fixing failures characterised by the parts or units where malfunctioning was assumed or detected
    • F16H2061/126Detecting malfunction or potential malfunction, e.g. fail safe; Circumventing or fixing failures characterised by the parts or units where malfunctioning was assumed or detected the failing part is the controller
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H61/00Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/26Generation or transmission of movements for final actuating mechanisms
    • F16H61/28Generation or transmission of movements for final actuating mechanisms with at least one movement of the final actuating mechanism being caused by a non-mechanical force, e.g. power-assisted
    • F16H2061/2853Electromagnetic solenoids
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H61/00Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/26Generation or transmission of movements for final actuating mechanisms
    • F16H61/28Generation or transmission of movements for final actuating mechanisms with at least one movement of the final actuating mechanism being caused by a non-mechanical force, e.g. power-assisted
    • F16H61/32Electric motors actuators or related electrical control means therefor

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Gear-Shifting Mechanisms (AREA)
  • Control Of Transmission Device (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及填充致动器的衔铁室,具体而言,涉及用于填充特别是车辆的传动装置中的致动器的方法,其中,当致动器与传动装置的填充有流体的流体室处于流体连接时,通过借助于衔铁杆的轴向运动将流体引入致动器的衔铁室中,确保仅在传动装置的被动状态中才填充致动器。

Description

填充致动器的衔铁室
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于具有流体室的组件、例如传动装置的电磁式致动器。
背景技术
对于实践中已知的多级的机动车自动传动装置或自动化的机动车变速器,构造为离合器或制动器的液压式切换元件被用于挂入传动装置的不同速比级。在此,为了变换或挂入传动装置的所希望的速比级,这些液压式切换元件与该速比级对应地被施加流体压力或被排流(流体压力被削减)。为此使用具有电磁式致动器的流体阀门。例如在专利文献DE10 2013 213 713 A1中公开了这种流体阀门。
发明内容
相应地提出:
-一种用于填充传动装置中的致动器的方法,特别是用于填充车辆的传动装置中的致动器的方法,其中,当致动器与传动装置的填充有流体的流体室处于流体连接时,通过借助于衔铁杆的轴向运动将流体引入致动器的衔铁室中,确保仅在传动装置的被动状态中才填充致动器。
所述致动器被设立成操纵传动装置的切换元件,并且与传动装置的控制装置相连接。在信号转换的背景下,致动器是传感器的配对件,并且形成调节回路中的调整器件。在调节过程期间,致动器将信号转换成影响调节变量的作用。示例是阀门的打开和关闭。
流体是液体或气体。在该专利申请中,合适的流体例如是油。
流体室是充满流体的空间。如果所述流体是油,该流体室可以称为油室。
如果两个部件处于流体连接,则这意味着流体可以从一部件流入另一部件。在该专利申请中,即使流体连接取决于其他条件,比如致动器的运行或运行模式,也假定存在流体连接。
传动装置的被动状态意味着,传动装置能够起作用,但当前不在运行中,例如当传动装置处于怠速模式时和/或在车辆中处于停泊模式。
本发明的基本构思是,在此时用流体填充传动装置的致动器,从而不必为此安排一段时间来填充致动器并且使依赖于该填充的其他过程受到延迟。用于填充致动器的合适的条件的示例是说明书和权利要求的主题。
因此可以想到,在工厂中可省略单独的填充过程。因此,不必在工厂中提供填充站。此外还可减少制造过程中油的散布。油的散布使得需要在运输容器和装配设备中的清洁工作,并且与环境负担相关联。
相对于在传动装置运行期间对致动器的填充,本发明减少了由于集成的泵机构而在致动器中的污物引入。污物引入会致使液压系统的流动-压力特征曲线发生变化。
有利的设计方案和改进方案由另外的从属权利要求以及由参考附图的说明给出。
根据本发明的优选的改进方案,致动器具有排流间隙,使得如果在衔铁室中有空气,则通过衔铁杆执行轴向运动,空气将从致动器、特别是从衔铁室逸出到致动器的周围环境中。在此,排流间隙的尺寸优选地被设计成使得当致动器不运行时,不发生空气交换。
因此,可在吸入流体的期间将空气排出衔铁室。
根据本发明的优选的改进方案,借助于复位弹簧和/或通过压力平衡使衔铁杆移动。因此可实现,致动器中的体积不会由于衔铁杆的位置而变化。仅通过把致动器浸入流体中,优选地由于小的间隙尺寸或开口尺寸,既不供油也不排出空气。
通过主动操纵致动器,应当使衔铁运动,以便例如由于该致动器在流体中的安装位置将流体吸入衔铁室中。
根据本发明的优选的改进方案,当传动装置的温度、特别是流体室中的流体的温度处于具有温度上限和/或温度下限的预先给定的温度范围内时,开始填充致动器。由此确保流体具有合适的粘度。
根据本发明的优选的改进方案,如果致动器已被装配在车辆传动装置中,则当车辆被检查时、特别是在检查台上检查时,和/或当车辆被维修时、特别是在车间中维修时,将开始填充致动器。相应地可以想到,由专业技术人员启动致动器的填充。由此确保了填充期间的干扰因素被最小化,或者在最佳的环境条件下进行填充。
根据本发明的优选的改进方案,当传动装置处于停泊模式和/或怠速模式时,开始填充致动器。由此可假设,填充过程不干扰性地中断车辆的使用。
根据本发明的优选的改进方案,在传动装置被交付给最终客户之前开始填充致动器。相应地可想到,由专业技术人员来启动致动器的填充。由此确保了填充期间的干扰因素被最小化,或者在最佳的环境条件下进行填充。由此也确保了最终客户不需要在开始使用传动装置之前开始填充过程。这可提高客户满意度。
根据本发明的优选的改进方案,如果致动器已被装配在车辆传动装置中,则在填充致动器之前检查是否有人坐在车辆的驾驶员座位上。在此可规定,仅当驾驶员在车辆中或不在车辆中时才开始填充过程。
根据本发明的优选的改进方案,如果诊断功能识别出传动装置运行中的异常,特别是切换时的异常,则开始填充致动器。由此可以小的工作量排除传动装置故障。
不言而喻,用于安装在传动装置中的致动器是有利的,该致动器设立成执行根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,该致动器具有排流间隙,空气可经由该排流间隙从传动装置的衔铁室逸出,其中,致动器的衔铁杆设立成通过轴向运动将流体吸入衔铁室。
不言而喻,用于车辆的传动装置是有利的,该传动装置具有流体室和如上所述的至少一个致动器,其中,当通过如上所述的方法填充该致动器时,致动器和流体室处于流体连接,其中,该流体连接可被切断。
附图说明
下面参考在附图的示意图中给出的实施例进一步阐释本发明。其中:
图1示出了根据本发明的实施方式的电磁式致动器的示意性截面图;以及
图2示出了根据本发明的实施方式的方法的示意性框图。
附图旨在提供对本发明的实施方式的进一步理解。附图形象地说明了实施方式,并且用于结合说明书来解释本发明的原理和构想。其他实施方式和所提到的优点中的许多优点将结合附图而变得显而易见。附图的元素不一定相对于彼此按照比例示出。
在附图中,除非另有说明,否则相同的、功能相同的和以相同方式作用的元素、特征和部件相应标有相同的附图标记。
下文将借助用油作为流体来描述本发明的各方面。不言而喻,选择油作为流体仅仅是示例性的,并且并不限制本专利申请的保护范围。
具体实施方式
图1示出了由电磁式致动器1与阀门9构成的组件的示意性截面图。阀门9由阀门壳体4包围,致动器1由致动器壳体3包围。致动器1具有电磁体2和带有节流件7和衔铁杆8的衔铁。
电磁体2与壳体14共同形成致动器的内部空间,在该内部空间中有衔铁室6,在该衔铁室6中容纳着带有节流件7和衔铁杆8的衔铁。在图1中,节流件7被构造为衔铁限制器。衔铁杆8在衔铁限制器内受到引导。
如果具有致动器1和阀门9的组件与油室流体连接,在该致动器还没有被填充流体时,通过致动器1的轴向冲程来填充致动器。通过流体、这里为油,从油室缓慢流进衔铁室6来执行填充。
通过用于操控致动器1的功能应以避免或消除空气夹杂物的方式在其主要意图目的之外运行致动器1。致动器包括具有低的固有泵送特性的电磁体2,为此致动器被设计成使得位于致动器中的体积不会由于衔铁杆8的位置而变化。此外,致动器1具有通向已被填充的油室和用于排出可能的空气夹杂物的路径的密封间隙(未在图1中示出),该路径被构造为排流间隙15。
仅通过浸入,由于间隙的小的横截面既不引入油也不排出空气。通过主动操纵致动器,在图1中该操纵通过弹簧16来确保,使衔铁杆8运动,使得空气被排挤出衔铁室并且油被供应。在根据图1的致动器中,这由于在油中的安装位置而确保。仅当传动装置未正常运行时,才调用用于填充致动器的功能。
这例如可在传动装置处于用于传输数据的制造过程的编程站中时和/或当带有传动装置的车辆在旅途后停放时,或者驾驶员调整压力供应和/或当车辆处于停泊模式时进行。
衔铁杆8沿着致动器1的纵向轴线17来构造,并且由此也限定节流件7或衔铁杆的轴向运动方向。
图2示出了用于用油填充电磁式致动器的方法的示意性框图。所述方法包括步骤S1至步骤S3。在步骤S1中,提供带有被油填充的油室的传动装置,其中,待填充的致动器已被装配在传动装置中。在步骤S2中,确保传动装置处在传动装置的被动状态中。在步骤S3中,以衔铁的一个或多个轴向运动开始填充,以便用油填充衔铁室。
附图标记列表
1 致动器
2 电磁体
3 致动器壳体
4 阀门壳体
6 衔铁室
7 节流件
8 衔铁杆
9 阀门
15 排流间隙
16 弹簧
S1-S3方法步骤。

Claims (11)

1.一种用于填充特别是车辆的传动装置中的致动器(1)的方法,其中,当所述致动器与所述传动装置的填充有流体的流体室处于流体连接时,通过借助于衔铁杆(8)的轴向运动将流体引入所述致动器的衔铁室(6)中,确保仅在传动装置的被动状态中才填充所述致动器。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,
其中,所述致动器(1)具有排流间隙(15),使得如果空气在所述衔铁室(6)中,则通过所述衔铁杆(8)执行轴向运动,使空气从所述致动器逸出。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,
其中,借助于弹簧(16)和/或通过压力平衡使所述衔铁杆(8)运动。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,
其中,当传动装置的温度、特别是所述流体室中的流体的温度,处于预先给定的温度范围内时,开始填充所述致动器(1)。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,
其中,如果所述致动器已被装配在车辆传动装置中,则当所述车辆被检查时、特别是在检查台上检查时,和/或当所述车辆被维修时、特别是在工场中维修时,开始填充所述致动器。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,
其中,当所述传动装置处于停泊模式和/或怠速模式时,开始填充所述致动器。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,
其中,在所述传动装置被交付给最终用户之前,开始填充所述致动器。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,
其中,如果所述致动器已被装配在车辆传动装置中,则在填充所述致动器之前,检查是否有人在所述车辆的驾驶员座位上。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,
其中,如果诊断功能识别出所述传动装置运行中的异常,特别是在切换期间的异常,则开始填充所述致动器。
10.一种用于装配在传动装置中的致动器,所述致动器设立成执行根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,所述致动器具有排流间隙,空气能够经由所述排流间隙从所述致动器的衔铁室(6)逸出,其中,所述致动器的衔铁杆设立成通过轴向运动将流体吸入所述衔铁室。
11.一种用于车辆的传动装置,所述传动装置具有流体室和至少一个根据权利要求10所述的致动器,其中,当通过根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的方法填充所述致动器时,所述致动器和所述流体室处于流体连接,其中,所述流体连接能够被切断。
CN202310477586.XA 2022-04-29 2023-04-28 填充致动器的衔铁室 Pending CN116972159A (zh)

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DE3144362A1 (de) 1981-11-07 1983-05-19 Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart Elektromagnetisch betaetigbares stellglied
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