CN116964196A - 重组溶瘤病毒及其医药用途 - Google Patents
重组溶瘤病毒及其医药用途 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN116964196A CN116964196A CN202280019304.5A CN202280019304A CN116964196A CN 116964196 A CN116964196 A CN 116964196A CN 202280019304 A CN202280019304 A CN 202280019304A CN 116964196 A CN116964196 A CN 116964196A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- virus
- oncolytic virus
- prodrug
- tumor
- recombinant oncolytic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 244000309459 oncolytic virus Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 145
- 229940002612 prodrug Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 137
- 239000000651 prodrug Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 137
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 136
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 135
- 230000000259 anti-tumor effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 230000008685 targeting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 210000004881 tumor cell Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 108020004414 DNA Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 108091026890 Coding region Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000010076 replication Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 claims description 141
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 46
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 claims description 36
- 230000000174 oncolytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 33
- 241000701161 unidentified adenovirus Species 0.000 claims description 33
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000013612 plasmid Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 102100029588 Deoxycytidine kinase Human genes 0.000 claims description 19
- 108010033174 Deoxycytidine kinase Proteins 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000000118 anti-neoplastic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 102000004316 Oxidoreductases Human genes 0.000 claims description 13
- 108090000854 Oxidoreductases Proteins 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 108010045510 NADPH-Ferrihemoprotein Reductase Proteins 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 102000005751 Alcohol Oxidoreductases Human genes 0.000 claims description 8
- 108010031132 Alcohol Oxidoreductases Proteins 0.000 claims description 8
- 102000053187 Glucuronidase Human genes 0.000 claims description 8
- 108010060309 Glucuronidase Proteins 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000700584 Simplexvirus Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 108010058222 Deoxyguanosine kinase Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- 101710132082 Pyrimidine/purine nucleoside phosphorylase Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000711975 Vesicular stomatitis virus Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000711404 Avian avulavirus 1 Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000991587 Enterovirus C Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000702263 Reovirus sp. Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004169 (C1-C6) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000709687 Coxsackievirus Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000710961 Semliki Forest virus Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241001430294 unidentified retrovirus Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000709661 Enterovirus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000712079 Measles morbillivirus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004209 (C1-C8) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000041 C6-C10 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 101001110310 Lentilactobacillus kefiri NADP-dependent (R)-specific alcohol dehydrogenase Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 108091028043 Nucleic acid sequence Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000155 isotopic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012453 solvate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011885 synergistic combination Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 102000005602 Aldo-Keto Reductases Human genes 0.000 claims 2
- 108010084469 Aldo-Keto Reductases Proteins 0.000 claims 2
- 125000005841 biaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 2
- 102000001390 Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase Human genes 0.000 claims 1
- 108010068561 Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- 102000013537 Thymidine Phosphorylase Human genes 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 19
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 130
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 73
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 description 68
- 108010065942 Prostaglandin-F synthase Proteins 0.000 description 55
- 102000004602 Aldo-Keto Reductase Family 1 Member C3 Human genes 0.000 description 54
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 43
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 40
- NWGZZGNICQFUHV-OAHLLOKOSA-N C[C@@H](OP(=O)(N1CC1)N1CC1)C1=CC(OC2=CC(=CC=C2)C(=O)N(C)C)=C(C=C1)[N+]([O-])=O Chemical compound C[C@@H](OP(=O)(N1CC1)N1CC1)C1=CC(OC2=CC(=CC=C2)C(=O)N(C)C)=C(C=C1)[N+]([O-])=O NWGZZGNICQFUHV-OAHLLOKOSA-N 0.000 description 38
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 38
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 36
- -1 banoxantrone Chemical compound 0.000 description 35
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 33
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 22
- AOJJSUZBOXZQNB-TZSSRYMLSA-N Doxorubicin Chemical compound O([C@H]1C[C@@](O)(CC=2C(O)=C3C(=O)C=4C=CC=C(C=4C(=O)C3=C(O)C=21)OC)C(=O)CO)[C@H]1C[C@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@H](C)O1 AOJJSUZBOXZQNB-TZSSRYMLSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 18
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 18
- 239000002246 antineoplastic agent Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 16
- 230000003612 virological effect Effects 0.000 description 16
- NWIBSHFKIJFRCO-WUDYKRTCSA-N Mytomycin Chemical compound C1N2C(C(C(C)=C(N)C3=O)=O)=C3[C@@H](COC(N)=O)[C@@]2(OC)[C@@H]2[C@H]1N2 NWIBSHFKIJFRCO-WUDYKRTCSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 14
- 108020001162 nitroreductase Proteins 0.000 description 14
- 229940024606 amino acid Drugs 0.000 description 13
- 231100000135 cytotoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 13
- 230000003013 cytotoxicity Effects 0.000 description 13
- 102000004459 Nitroreductase Human genes 0.000 description 12
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- 235000001014 amino acid Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 230000001093 anti-cancer Effects 0.000 description 12
- 208000032839 leukemia Diseases 0.000 description 12
- 230000002792 vascular Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 description 12
- 206010021143 Hypoxia Diseases 0.000 description 11
- 238000001962 electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 11
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 229940044683 chemotherapy drug Drugs 0.000 description 10
- 229960004679 doxorubicin Drugs 0.000 description 10
- 238000003119 immunoblot Methods 0.000 description 10
- 201000007270 liver cancer Diseases 0.000 description 10
- 208000014018 liver neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 10
- 229960004961 mechlorethamine Drugs 0.000 description 10
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000004113 cell culture Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000006144 Dulbecco’s modified Eagle's medium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920003356 PDX® Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 102000004243 Tubulin Human genes 0.000 description 8
- 108090000704 Tubulin Proteins 0.000 description 8
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229960004857 mitomycin Drugs 0.000 description 8
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 description 8
- PSVUJBVBCOISSP-SPFKKGSWSA-N (2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-2-bis(2-chloroethylamino)phosphoryloxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](OP(=O)(NCCCl)NCCCl)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O PSVUJBVBCOISSP-SPFKKGSWSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 241000219198 Brassica Species 0.000 description 7
- 235000003351 Brassica cretica Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 235000003343 Brassica rupestris Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 7
- 229930012538 Paclitaxel Natural products 0.000 description 7
- 229940124587 cephalosporin Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010367 cloning Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229960002949 fluorouracil Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229950011595 glufosfamide Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 230000007954 hypoxia Effects 0.000 description 7
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 7
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 235000010460 mustard Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 229960001592 paclitaxel Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000003223 protective agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 108010085238 Actins Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 229930186147 Cephalosporin Natural products 0.000 description 6
- GHASVSINZRGABV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorouracil Chemical compound FC1=CNC(=O)NC1=O GHASVSINZRGABV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- MJVAVZPDRWSRRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Menadione Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C(C)=CC(=O)C2=C1 MJVAVZPDRWSRRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 6
- QKSKPIVNLNLAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide Chemical compound ClCCSCCCl QKSKPIVNLNLAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002552 dosage form Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229960005277 gemcitabine Drugs 0.000 description 6
- SDUQYLNIPVEERB-QPPQHZFASA-N gemcitabine Chemical compound O=C1N=C(N)C=CN1[C@H]1C(F)(F)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 SDUQYLNIPVEERB-QPPQHZFASA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229960001101 ifosfamide Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001890 transfection Methods 0.000 description 6
- 206010061692 Benign muscle neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 5
- GAGWJHPBXLXJQN-UORFTKCHSA-N Capecitabine Chemical compound C1=C(F)C(NC(=O)OCCCCC)=NC(=O)N1[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)O1 GAGWJHPBXLXJQN-UORFTKCHSA-N 0.000 description 5
- GAGWJHPBXLXJQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Capecitabine Natural products C1=C(F)C(NC(=O)OCCCCC)=NC(=O)N1C1C(O)C(O)C(C)O1 GAGWJHPBXLXJQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000012097 Lipofectamine 2000 Substances 0.000 description 5
- 201000004458 Myoma Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 102100031372 Thymidine phosphorylase Human genes 0.000 description 5
- XMYKNCNAZKMVQN-NYYWCZLTSA-N [(e)-(3-aminopyridin-2-yl)methylideneamino]thiourea Chemical compound NC(=S)N\N=C\C1=NC=CC=C1N XMYKNCNAZKMVQN-NYYWCZLTSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229940041181 antineoplastic drug Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 230000009702 cancer cell proliferation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229960004117 capecitabine Drugs 0.000 description 5
- WOCXQMCIOTUMJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N cb1954 Chemical compound C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C(C(=O)N)=CC(N2CC2)=C1[N+]([O-])=O WOCXQMCIOTUMJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000001780 cephalosporins Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 229950009988 evofosfamide Drugs 0.000 description 5
- UGJWRPJDTDGERK-UHFFFAOYSA-N evofosfamide Chemical compound CN1C(COP(=O)(NCCBr)NCCBr)=CN=C1[N+]([O-])=O UGJWRPJDTDGERK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 206010016629 fibroma Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 210000000987 immune system Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229960001924 melphalan Drugs 0.000 description 5
- SGDBTWWWUNNDEQ-LBPRGKRZSA-N melphalan Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=C(N(CCCl)CCCl)C=C1 SGDBTWWWUNNDEQ-LBPRGKRZSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012163 sequencing technique Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 description 5
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 5
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000013603 viral vector Substances 0.000 description 5
- XIJXHOVKJAXCGJ-XLPZGREQSA-N 1-[(2r,4s,5r)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-5-iodopyrimidin-2-one Chemical compound C1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1N1C(=O)N=CC(I)=C1 XIJXHOVKJAXCGJ-XLPZGREQSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HPABFFGQPLJKBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-fluoro-1H-pyrimidin-2-one Chemical compound OC1=NC=C(F)C=N1 HPABFFGQPLJKBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 101150028310 AKR1C3 gene Proteins 0.000 description 4
- BKCJZNIZRWYHBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isophosphamide mustard Chemical compound ClCCNP(=O)(O)NCCCl BKCJZNIZRWYHBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XUJNEKJLAYXESH-REOHCLBHSA-N L-Cysteine Chemical compound SC[C@H](N)C(O)=O XUJNEKJLAYXESH-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229940100198 alkylating agent Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000002168 alkylating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 208000036815 beta tubulin Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 230000022131 cell cycle Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003833 cell viability Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002784 cytotoxicity assay Methods 0.000 description 4
- 231100000263 cytotoxicity test Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 229930182480 glucuronide Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 description 4
- HAWPXGHAZFHHAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N mechlorethamine Chemical group ClCCN(C)CCCl HAWPXGHAZFHHAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 206010061289 metastatic neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 210000004882 non-tumor cell Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 201000008968 osteosarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000035755 proliferation Effects 0.000 description 4
- RCINICONZNJXQF-MZXODVADSA-N taxol Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@@]2(C[C@@H](C(C)=C(C2(C)C)[C@H](C([C@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C[C@H]3OC[C@]3([C@H]21)OC(C)=O)=O)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](NC(=O)C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)O)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RCINICONZNJXQF-MZXODVADSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WYWHKKSPHMUBEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tioguanine Chemical compound N1C(N)=NC(=S)C2=C1N=CN2 WYWHKKSPHMUBEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003053 toxin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 231100000765 toxin Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 108700012359 toxins Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 229960005526 triapine Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 4
- HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N α-D-glucopyranosyl-α-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(CO)O1 HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-benzoquinone Chemical class O=C1C=CC(=O)C=C1 AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YZBAXVICWUUHGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[4-[2-[dimethyl(oxido)azaniumyl]ethylamino]-5,8-dihydroxy-9,10-dioxoanthracen-1-yl]amino]-n,n-dimethylethanamine oxide Chemical compound O=C1C2=C(O)C=CC(O)=C2C(=O)C2=C1C(NCC[N+](C)(C)[O-])=CC=C2NCC[N+](C)([O-])C YZBAXVICWUUHGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WRVLEDLJKOSANT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(N(CCCl)CCCl)C=C1 WRVLEDLJKOSANT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NMUSYJAQQFHJEW-KVTDHHQDSA-N 5-azacytidine Chemical compound O=C1N=C(N)N=CN1[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 NMUSYJAQQFHJEW-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 description 3
- STQGQHZAVUOBTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-Cyan-hept-2t-en-4,6-diinsaeure Natural products C1=2C(O)=C3C(=O)C=4C(OC)=CC=CC=4C(=O)C3=C(O)C=2CC(O)(C(C)=O)CC1OC1CC(N)C(O)C(C)O1 STQGQHZAVUOBTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 102100022900 Actin, cytoplasmic 1 Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 102000007469 Actins Human genes 0.000 description 3
- JLUQTCXCAFSSLD-NXEZZACHSA-N Anemonin Chemical compound C1=CC(=O)O[C@]11[C@@]2(C=CC(=O)O2)CC1 JLUQTCXCAFSSLD-NXEZZACHSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JLUQTCXCAFSSLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Anemonin Natural products C1=CC(=O)OC11C2(C=CC(=O)O2)CC1 JLUQTCXCAFSSLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 206010006187 Breast cancer Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 208000026310 Breast neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 3
- PTOAARAWEBMLNO-KVQBGUIXSA-N Cladribine Chemical compound C1=NC=2C(N)=NC(Cl)=NC=2N1[C@H]1C[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 PTOAARAWEBMLNO-KVQBGUIXSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 108010015742 Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102000003849 Cytochrome P450 Human genes 0.000 description 3
- FDKWRPBBCBCIGA-UWTATZPHSA-N D-Selenocysteine Natural products [Se]C[C@@H](N)C(O)=O FDKWRPBBCBCIGA-UWTATZPHSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012624 DNA alkylating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 208000000461 Esophageal Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 102000004269 Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108010017080 Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 101000690306 Homo sapiens Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3 Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 241001135569 Human adenovirus 5 Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000004201 L-cysteine Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZKZBPNGNEQAJSX-REOHCLBHSA-N L-selenocysteine Chemical compound [SeH]C[C@H](N)C(O)=O ZKZBPNGNEQAJSX-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 206010024612 Lipoma Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 241001372913 Maraba virus Species 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000012408 PCR amplification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 206010061902 Pancreatic neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 206010060862 Prostate cancer Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 208000000236 Prostatic Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 208000005718 Stomach Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 3
- HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-WSWWMNSNSA-N Trehalose Natural products O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-WSWWMNSNSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000700618 Vaccinia virus Species 0.000 description 3
- IAJILQKETJEXLJ-QTBDOELSSA-N aldehydo-D-glucuronic acid Chemical compound O=C[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)C(O)=O IAJILQKETJEXLJ-QTBDOELSSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-LIZSDCNHSA-N alpha,alpha-trehalose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-LIZSDCNHSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960002756 azacitidine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229940126587 biotherapeutics Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006143 cell culture medium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012054 celltiter-glo Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229960004630 chlorambucil Drugs 0.000 description 3
- JCKYGMPEJWAADB-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorambucil Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCC1=CC=C(N(CCCl)CCCl)C=C1 JCKYGMPEJWAADB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960002436 cladribine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006184 cosolvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- POQBJIOLWPDPJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,2-diamine;platinum Chemical compound [Pt].NC1CCCCC1N POQBJIOLWPDPJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000120 cytopathologic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 231100000433 cytotoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 230000001472 cytotoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- STQGQHZAVUOBTE-VGBVRHCVSA-N daunorubicin Chemical compound O([C@H]1C[C@@](O)(CC=2C(O)=C3C(=O)C=4C=CC=C(C=4C(=O)C3=C(O)C=21)OC)C(C)=O)[C@H]1C[C@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@H](C)O1 STQGQHZAVUOBTE-VGBVRHCVSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960000975 daunorubicin Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 3
- ZWAOHEXOSAUJHY-ZIYNGMLESA-N doxifluridine Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)O[C@H]1N1C(=O)NC(=O)C(F)=C1 ZWAOHEXOSAUJHY-ZIYNGMLESA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 108010048367 enhanced green fluorescent protein Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 201000004101 esophageal cancer Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 229960000390 fludarabine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- GIUYCYHIANZCFB-FJFJXFQQSA-N fludarabine phosphate Chemical compound C1=NC=2C(N)=NC(F)=NC=2N1[C@@H]1O[C@H](COP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O GIUYCYHIANZCFB-FJFJXFQQSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 206010017758 gastric cancer Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010914 gene-directed enzyme pro-drug therapy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229940097043 glucuronic acid Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 3
- 102000048285 human AKR1C3 Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 230000001146 hypoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- HOMGKSMUEGBAAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ifosfamide Chemical compound ClCCNP1(=O)OCCCN1CCCl HOMGKSMUEGBAAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 3
- UWKQSNNFCGGAFS-XIFFEERXSA-N irinotecan Chemical compound C1=C2C(CC)=C3CN(C(C4=C([C@@](C(=O)OC4)(O)CC)C=4)=O)C=4C3=NC2=CC=C1OC(=O)N(CC1)CCC1N1CCCCC1 UWKQSNNFCGGAFS-XIFFEERXSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000464 low-speed centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 208000015486 malignant pancreatic neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 3
- GLVAUDGFNGKCSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercaptopurine Chemical compound S=C1NC=NC2=C1NC=N2 GLVAUDGFNGKCSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002207 metabolite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001394 metastastic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229960000801 nelarabine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- IXOXBSCIXZEQEQ-UHTZMRCNSA-N nelarabine Chemical compound C1=NC=2C(OC)=NC(N)=NC=2N1[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O IXOXBSCIXZEQEQ-UHTZMRCNSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 201000002528 pancreatic cancer Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 208000008443 pancreatic carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000000144 pharmacologic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- RJXQSIKBGKVNRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoramide mustard Chemical compound ClCCN(P(O)(=O)N)CCCl RJXQSIKBGKVNRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003362 replicative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 3
- ZKZBPNGNEQAJSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N selenocysteine Natural products [SeH]CC(N)C(O)=O ZKZBPNGNEQAJSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940055619 selenocysteine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 235000016491 selenocysteine Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 150000003958 selenols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 201000011549 stomach cancer Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229960001674 tegafur Drugs 0.000 description 3
- WFWLQNSHRPWKFK-ZCFIWIBFSA-N tegafur Chemical compound O=C1NC(=O)C(F)=CN1[C@@H]1OCCC1 WFWLQNSHRPWKFK-ZCFIWIBFSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000012711 vitamin K3 Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000011652 vitamin K3 Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UTIMIHJZXIJZKZ-ZETCQYMHSA-N (2S)-2-amino-3-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1O UTIMIHJZXIJZKZ-ZETCQYMHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XGNASSAYQHESTL-BYPYZUCNSA-N (2r)-2-amino-3-(7h-purin-6-ylsulfanyl)propanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CSC1=NC=NC2=C1NC=N2 XGNASSAYQHESTL-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVWYCTGTGHDWFQ-AWEZNQCLSA-N (2s)-2-[[4-[2-chloroethyl(2-methylsulfonyloxyethyl)amino]benzoyl]amino]pentanedioic acid Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)OCCN(CCCl)C1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 QVWYCTGTGHDWFQ-AWEZNQCLSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FDKXTQMXEQVLRF-ZHACJKMWSA-N (E)-dacarbazine Chemical compound CN(C)\N=N\c1[nH]cnc1C(N)=O FDKXTQMXEQVLRF-ZHACJKMWSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZBNZAJFNDPPMDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-imidazole-5-carboxamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C1=CNC=N1 ZBNZAJFNDPPMDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IZXIZTKNFFYFOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Oxazolidone Chemical compound O=C1NCCO1 IZXIZTKNFFYFOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AZICEEZSDKZDHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[n-(2-bromoethyl)-2-(2-hydroxyethylcarbamoyl)-4,6-dinitroanilino]ethyl methanesulfonate Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)OCCN(CCBr)C1=C(C(=O)NCCO)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O AZICEEZSDKZDHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001340 2-chloroethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(Cl)C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- LSGKJSSBVSCQCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-oxo-1,3,2$l^{5}-dioxaphospholan-2-amine Chemical compound NP1(=O)OCCO1 LSGKJSSBVSCQCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SRYFGWIYFGTXLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-amino-5-(aziridin-1-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-nitrobenzamide Chemical compound NC1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C(C(=O)N)=CC(N2CC2)=C1O SRYFGWIYFGTXLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AOJJSUZBOXZQNB-VTZDEGQISA-N 4'-epidoxorubicin Chemical compound O([C@H]1C[C@@](O)(CC=2C(O)=C3C(=O)C=4C=CC=C(C=4C(=O)C3=C(O)C=21)OC)C(=O)CO)[C@H]1C[C@H](N)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O1 AOJJSUZBOXZQNB-VTZDEGQISA-N 0.000 description 2
- XAUDJQYHKZQPEU-KVQBGUIXSA-N 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine Chemical compound O=C1N=C(N)N=CN1[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)C1 XAUDJQYHKZQPEU-KVQBGUIXSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SYFKXBRRNSJBSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-ethyl-1h-pyrimidin-2-one Chemical compound CCC=1C=NC(=O)NC=1 SYFKXBRRNSJBSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LTBQNWHGFBPRNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-ethynyl-1h-pyrimidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1N=CC(C#C)=CN1 LTBQNWHGFBPRNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YLKRUSPZOTYMAT-YFKPBYRVSA-N 6-hydroxy-L-dopa Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC(O)=C(O)C=C1O YLKRUSPZOTYMAT-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SYMHUEFSSMBHJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-methylpurine Chemical compound CC1=NC=NC2=C1NC=N2 SYMHUEFSSMBHJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FJHBVJOVLFPMQE-QFIPXVFZSA-N 7-Ethyl-10-Hydroxy-Camptothecin Chemical compound C1=C(O)C=C2C(CC)=C(CN3C(C4=C([C@@](C(=O)OC4)(O)CC)C=C33)=O)C3=NC2=C1 FJHBVJOVLFPMQE-QFIPXVFZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FUXVKZWTXQUGMW-FQEVSTJZSA-N 9-Aminocamptothecin Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=C2C=C(CN3C4=CC5=C(C3=O)COC(=O)[C@]5(O)CC)C4=NC2=C1 FUXVKZWTXQUGMW-FQEVSTJZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000031261 Acute myeloid leukaemia Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000036762 Acute promyelocytic leukaemia Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 102000002260 Alkaline Phosphatase Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108020004774 Alkaline Phosphatase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- MXPOCMVWFLDDLZ-NSCUHMNNSA-N Apaziquone Chemical compound CN1C(\C=C\CO)=C(CO)C(C2=O)=C1C(=O)C=C2N1CC1 MXPOCMVWFLDDLZ-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000025321 B-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010005003 Bladder cancer Diseases 0.000 description 2
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Carbamate Chemical compound NC([O-])=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 201000009030 Carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010009944 Colon cancer Diseases 0.000 description 2
- CMSMOCZEIVJLDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclophosphamide Chemical compound ClCCN(CCCl)P1(=O)NCCCO1 CMSMOCZEIVJLDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UHDGCWIWMRVCDJ-CCXZUQQUSA-N Cytarabine Chemical compound O=C1N=C(N)C=CN1[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 UHDGCWIWMRVCDJ-CCXZUQQUSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N D-Mannitol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-UWTATZPHSA-N D-alanine Chemical compound C[C@@H](N)C(O)=O QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-UWTATZPHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-alpha-Ala Natural products CC([NH3+])C([O-])=O QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940126161 DNA alkylating agent Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- SAMRUMKYXPVKPA-VFKOLLTISA-N Enocitabine Chemical compound O=C1N=C(NC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)C=CN1[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 SAMRUMKYXPVKPA-VFKOLLTISA-N 0.000 description 2
- HTIJFSOGRVMCQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Epirubicin Natural products COc1cccc2C(=O)c3c(O)c4CC(O)(CC(OC5CC(N)C(=O)C(C)O5)c4c(O)c3C(=O)c12)C(=O)CO HTIJFSOGRVMCQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAJILQKETJEXLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Galacturonsaeure Natural products O=CC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O IAJILQKETJEXLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 229930191978 Gibberellin Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 208000032612 Glial tumor Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010018338 Glioma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101710088172 HTH-type transcriptional regulator RipA Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000004157 Hydrolases Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000604 Hydrolases Proteins 0.000 description 2
- XQFRJNBWHJMXHO-RRKCRQDMSA-N IDUR Chemical compound C1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1N1C(=O)NC(=O)C(I)=C1 XQFRJNBWHJMXHO-RRKCRQDMSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000013878 L-cysteine Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 206010025219 Lymphangioma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010025323 Lymphomas Diseases 0.000 description 2
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229930195725 Mannitol Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 208000033776 Myeloid Acute Leukemia Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010066948 Myxofibrosarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 108700019961 Neoplasm Genes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000048850 Neoplasm Genes Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 206010029260 Neuroblastoma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 241000283973 Oryctolagus cuniculus Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 2
- JGSARLDLIJGVTE-MBNYWOFBSA-N Penicillin G Chemical compound N([C@H]1[C@H]2SC([C@@H](N2C1=O)C(O)=O)(C)C)C(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 JGSARLDLIJGVTE-MBNYWOFBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000033826 Promyelocytic Acute Leukemia Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000034541 Rare lymphatic malformation Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010039491 Sarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- RJFAYQIBOAGBLC-BYPYZUCNSA-N Selenium-L-methionine Chemical compound C[Se]CC[C@H](N)C(O)=O RJFAYQIBOAGBLC-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RJFAYQIBOAGBLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenomethionine Natural products C[Se]CCC(N)C(O)=O RJFAYQIBOAGBLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010041067 Small cell lung cancer Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 2
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102000006601 Thymidine Kinase Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108020004440 Thymidine kinase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000004357 Transferases Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000992 Transferases Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 208000007097 Urinary Bladder Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- UEIAHVBOCJOWCL-JIHWJSBASA-N ac1l4upy Chemical compound O=C([C@@]1(O)[C@H](O)[C@]2(CC)C=CCN3CCC4([C@H]23)[C@H]1N(C)C1=C4C=C(C(=C1)OC)[C@]1(C(=O)OC)C2=C(C3=CC=CC=C3N2)CCN2C[C@H](C1)C[C@@](C2)(O)CC)NNC(=O)OCC(S1=O)C=C(C(O)=O)N(C2=O)C1C2NC(=O)CC1=CC=CS1 UEIAHVBOCJOWCL-JIHWJSBASA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- JKOQGQFVAUAYPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N amifostine Chemical compound NCCCNCCSP(O)(O)=O JKOQGQFVAUAYPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960001097 amifostine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000340 anti-metabolite Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940088710 antibiotic agent Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940100197 antimetabolite Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000002256 antimetabolite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000003719 b-lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000005347 biaryls Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960000074 biopharmaceutical Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- UDSAIICHUKSCKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromophenol blue Chemical compound C1=C(Br)C(O)=C(Br)C=C1C1(C=2C=C(Br)C(O)=C(Br)C=2)C2=CC=CC=C2S(=O)(=O)O1 UDSAIICHUKSCKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000030833 cell death Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000000170 cell membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000004663 cell proliferation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001516 cell proliferation assay Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000287 crude extract Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229960004397 cyclophosphamide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960000684 cytarabine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940127089 cytotoxic agent Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000002254 cytotoxic agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000599 cytotoxic agent Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- JSRLJPSBLDHEIO-SHYZEUOFSA-N dUMP Chemical compound O1[C@H](COP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H](O)C[C@@H]1N1C(=O)NC(=O)C=C1 JSRLJPSBLDHEIO-SHYZEUOFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960003901 dacarbazine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960003603 decitabine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000005549 deoxyribonucleoside Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OP([O-])([O-])=O BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229950005454 doxifluridine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000003596 drug target Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003511 endothelial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229950011487 enocitabine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000001976 enzyme digestion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229960001904 epirubicin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 229960005420 etoposide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- VJJPUSNTGOMMGY-MRVIYFEKSA-N etoposide Chemical compound COC1=C(O)C(OC)=CC([C@@H]2C3=CC=4OCOC=4C=C3[C@@H](O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H]4O[C@H](C)OC[C@H]4O3)O)[C@@H]3[C@@H]2C(OC3)=O)=C1 VJJPUSNTGOMMGY-MRVIYFEKSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LIQODXNTTZAGID-OCBXBXKTSA-N etoposide phosphate Chemical compound COC1=C(OP(O)(O)=O)C(OC)=CC([C@@H]2C3=CC=4OCOC=4C=C3[C@@H](O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H]4O[C@H](C)OC[C@H]4O3)O)[C@@H]3[C@@H]2C(OC3)=O)=C1 LIQODXNTTZAGID-OCBXBXKTSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960000752 etoposide phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229960002963 ganciclovir Drugs 0.000 description 2
- IRSCQMHQWWYFCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ganciclovir Chemical compound O=C1NC(N)=NC2=C1N=CN2COC(CO)CO IRSCQMHQWWYFCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- IXORZMNAPKEEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N gibberellic acid GA3 Natural products OC(=O)C1C2(C3)CC(=C)C3(O)CCC2C2(C=CC3O)C1C3(C)C(=O)O2 IXORZMNAPKEEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003448 gibberellin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000008134 glucuronides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000009036 growth inhibition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 2
- ODZBBRURCPAEIQ-PIXDULNESA-N helpin Chemical compound C1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1N1C(=O)NC(=O)C(\C=C\Br)=C1 ODZBBRURCPAEIQ-PIXDULNESA-N 0.000 description 2
- 201000002222 hemangioblastoma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 201000011066 hemangioma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000002489 hematologic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000003494 hepatocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229960004716 idoxuridine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229960004768 irinotecan Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 210000005229 liver cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000000594 mannitol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010355 mannitol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 201000001441 melanoma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000002503 metabolic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960000485 methotrexate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- VRDKYJSLDJDLML-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylselenol Chemical compound [Se]C VRDKYJSLDJDLML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- LPUQAYUQRXPFSQ-DFWYDOINSA-M monosodium L-glutamate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(O)=O LPUQAYUQRXPFSQ-DFWYDOINSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000004223 monosodium glutamate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013923 monosodium glutamate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 208000009091 myxoma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000002018 overexpression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960005548 palytoxin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- CWODDUGJZSCNGB-HQNRRURTSA-N palytoxin Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CCCCC[C@H](C)C[C@@H]2[C@@]3(C)C[C@H](C)C[C@@](O3)(CCCCCCC[C@H](O)C[C@@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@](O)(C[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)\C=C\[C@@H](O)CC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]4O[C@H](C[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)C[C@@H]5[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C[C@H](O)\C=C/C=C/C[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)C\C=C/C(=C)CC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](C)C[C@@H]6[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](\C=C/[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)C[C@H]7O[C@H]8C[C@H](O[C@@H]8CC[C@@H]8[C@@H](C[C@@H](CN)O8)O)C7)O6)O)O5)O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)C4)O3)O)O2)[C@H](C[C@H](O)[C@H](O)C(\C)=C\[C@H](O)C[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)C(=O)N\C=C\C(=O)NCCCO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O CWODDUGJZSCNGB-HQNRRURTSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940124531 pharmaceutical excipient Drugs 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- PTMHPRAIXMAOOB-UHFFFAOYSA-L phosphoramidate Chemical compound NP([O-])([O-])=O PTMHPRAIXMAOOB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000013446 pixi Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000017426 precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000003531 protein hydrolysate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010814 radioimmunoprecipitation assay Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229950001044 ropidoxuridine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960002718 selenomethionine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013207 serial dilution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000000587 small cell lung carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- PVYJZLYGTZKPJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N streptonigrin Chemical compound C=1C=C2C(=O)C(OC)=C(N)C(=O)C2=NC=1C(C=1N)=NC(C(O)=O)=C(C)C=1C1=CC=C(OC)C(OC)=C1O PVYJZLYGTZKPJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 206010042863 synovial sarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- DGQOCLATAPFASR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone Chemical compound OC1=C(O)C(=O)C(O)=C(O)C1=O DGQOCLATAPFASR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960003087 tioguanine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229950002376 tirapazamine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- QVMPZNRFXAKISM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tirapazamine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2[N+]([O-])=NC(=N)N(O)C2=C1 QVMPZNRFXAKISM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229950010880 tretazicar Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000001226 triphosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011178 triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphosphoric acid Chemical class OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960000875 trofosfamide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- UMKFEPPTGMDVMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N trofosfamide Chemical compound ClCCN(CCCl)P1(=O)OCCCN1CCCl UMKFEPPTGMDVMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005909 tumor killing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 201000005112 urinary bladder cancer Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000029812 viral genome replication Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009385 viral infection Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940041603 vitamin k 3 Drugs 0.000 description 2
- PXOMSWXCVZBBIV-PQKSKRJKSA-N (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[(2S,3R,4S,6R)-4-amino-2-methyl-6-[[(1S,3S)-3,5,12-trihydroxy-3-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-10-methoxy-6,11-dioxo-2,4-dihydro-1H-tetracen-1-yl]oxy]oxan-3-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound C[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H](C[C@@H](O1)O[C@H]2C[C@@](CC3=C2C(=C4C(=C3O)C(=O)C5=C(C4=O)C(=CC=C5)OC)O)(C(=O)CO)O)N)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)C(=O)O)O)O)O PXOMSWXCVZBBIV-PQKSKRJKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FVXLRXHSPYGEFL-QMMMGPOBSA-N (2r)-2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)sulfanylpropanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CSC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 FVXLRXHSPYGEFL-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AJDQQFLYKZABLT-RYUDHWBXSA-N (2s)-2-amino-5-[[(2r)-1-(carboxymethylamino)-3-[(4-chlorophenyl)-hydroxycarbamoyl]sulfanyl-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)NCC(O)=O)CSC(=O)N(O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 AJDQQFLYKZABLT-RYUDHWBXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NECZZOFFLFZNHL-XVGZVFJZSA-N (2s)-2-amino-5-[[(2r)-3-[2-[bis[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]-oxidophosphaniumyl]oxyethylsulfonyl]-1-[[(r)-carboxy(phenyl)methyl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid;hydron;chloride Chemical compound Cl.ClCCN(CCCl)P(=O)(N(CCCl)CCCl)OCCS(=O)(=O)C[C@H](NC(=O)CC[C@H](N)C(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(O)=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 NECZZOFFLFZNHL-XVGZVFJZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LPJXPACOXRZCCP-VIFPVBQESA-N (2s)-2-benzamidopentanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LPJXPACOXRZCCP-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZVHIURZYHWNOKI-IBGZPJMESA-N (2s)-3-[4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl]-2-[[2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)acetyl]amino]propanoic acid Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)COC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)C1=CC=C(N(CCCl)CCCl)C=C1 ZVHIURZYHWNOKI-IBGZPJMESA-N 0.000 description 1
- STBLNCCBQMHSRC-BATDWUPUSA-N (2s)-n-[(3s,4s)-5-acetyl-7-cyano-4-methyl-1-[(2-methylnaphthalen-1-yl)methyl]-2-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1,5-benzodiazepin-3-yl]-2-(methylamino)propanamide Chemical compound O=C1[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC)[C@H](C)N(C(C)=O)C2=CC(C#N)=CC=C2N1CC1=C(C)C=CC2=CC=CC=C12 STBLNCCBQMHSRC-BATDWUPUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YQSHYGCCYVPRDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-propan-2-ylphenyl)methanamine Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=C(CN)C=C1 YQSHYGCCYVPRDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FPVKHBSQESCIEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N (8S)-3-(2-deoxy-beta-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-3,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[4,5-d][1,3]diazepin-8-ol Natural products C1C(O)C(CO)OC1N1C(NC=NCC2O)=C2N=C1 FPVKHBSQESCIEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLHUBROMZOAQMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-benzosemiquinone Chemical compound [O]C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 XLHUBROMZOAQMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OWEGMIWEEQEYGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 100676-05-9 Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(OC(O)C(O)C2O)CO)O1 OWEGMIWEEQEYGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DBPWSSGDRRHUNT-CEGNMAFCSA-N 17α-hydroxyprogesterone Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@@](C(=O)C)(O)[C@@]1(C)CC2 DBPWSSGDRRHUNT-CEGNMAFCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)-N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C(=O)NCCC(N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)=O VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QQAYIDMRWONUGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-n-diaminophosphorylethanamine Chemical compound NP(N)(=O)NCCCl QQAYIDMRWONUGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WKMPTBDYDNUJLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-fluoroadenine Chemical compound NC1=NC(F)=NC2=C1N=CN2 WKMPTBDYDNUJLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VTWDKFNVVLAELH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione Chemical compound CC1=CC(=O)C=CC1=O VTWDKFNVVLAELH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NWGZZGNICQFUHV-HNNXBMFYSA-N 3-[5-[(1S)-1-[bis(aziridin-1-yl)phosphoryloxy]ethyl]-2-nitrophenoxy]-N,N-dimethylbenzamide Chemical compound C[C@H](OP(=O)(N1CC1)N1CC1)C1=CC(OC2=CC(=CC=C2)C(=O)N(C)C)=C(C=C1)[N+]([O-])=O NWGZZGNICQFUHV-HNNXBMFYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HGZKLMFEVVYGMO-ZETCQYMHSA-N 3-fluoro-4-[(1r)-1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol Chemical compound CNC[C@H](O)C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1F HGZKLMFEVVYGMO-ZETCQYMHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LGHNHPRURDSNNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(2-aminoethylsulfanyl)phenol Chemical compound NCCSC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 LGHNHPRURDSNNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGVTYCQVZPDYRZ-ZHACJKMWSA-N 4-[(E)-[hydroxymethyl(methyl)amino]diazenyl]-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide Chemical compound CN(CO)\N=N\C1=C(N=CN1)C(N)=O UGVTYCQVZPDYRZ-ZHACJKMWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TVZGACDUOSZQKY-LBPRGKRZSA-N 4-aminofolic acid Chemical compound C1=NC2=NC(N)=NC(N)=C2N=C1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 TVZGACDUOSZQKY-LBPRGKRZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQEBMDXDYKHCSG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 4-carboxybenzene-1,3-dicarboxylate;cyclohexane-1,2-diamine;platinum(2+) Chemical compound [H+].[Pt+2].NC1CCCCC1N.[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=C(C([O-])=O)C(C([O-])=O)=C1 WQEBMDXDYKHCSG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- HWAVIYAFGOQVNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-n,4-n-bis(2-chloroethyl)benzene-1,4-diamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(N(CCCl)CCCl)C=C1 HWAVIYAFGOQVNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OXQYGVSMUGQPDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-amino-1,4-dihydroxyanthracene-9,10-dione Chemical compound O=C1C2=C(O)C=CC(O)=C2C(=O)C2=C1C=CC=C2N OXQYGVSMUGQPDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaminophen Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000783428 Achillea wilsoniana Species 0.000 description 1
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000024893 Acute lymphoblastic leukemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000014697 Acute lymphocytic leukaemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010052747 Adenocarcinoma pancreas Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010001233 Adenoma benign Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010088751 Albumins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000009027 Albumins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102000005369 Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108020002663 Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108091023020 Aldehyde Oxidase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100036826 Aldehyde oxidase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- PQSUYGKTWSAVDQ-ZVIOFETBSA-N Aldosterone Chemical compound C([C@@]1([C@@H](C(=O)CO)CC[C@H]1[C@@H]1CC2)C=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1[C@]1(C)C2=CC(=O)CC1 PQSUYGKTWSAVDQ-ZVIOFETBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PQSUYGKTWSAVDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aldosterone Natural products C1CC2C3CCC(C(=O)CO)C3(C=O)CC(O)C2C2(C)C1=CC(=O)CC2 PQSUYGKTWSAVDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108700028369 Alleles Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100033312 Alpha-2-macroglobulin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N Alpha-Lactose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 201000003076 Angiosarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010003571 Astrocytoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010004146 Basal cell carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000005711 Benzoic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010004593 Bile duct cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000004506 Blood Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010017384 Blood Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010005949 Bone cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000018084 Bone neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- NCBGHNOTSHZCAO-HTVVRFAVSA-N C(CC)O[C@@]1([C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1)N1C=NC=2C(=O)NC(N)=NC1=2 Chemical compound C(CC)O[C@@]1([C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1)N1C=NC=2C(=O)NC(N)=NC1=2 NCBGHNOTSHZCAO-HTVVRFAVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 241000282465 Canis Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000013392 Carboxylesterase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010051152 Carboxylesterase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000005367 Carboxypeptidases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010006303 Carboxypeptidases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000003734 CellTiter-Glo Luminescent Cell Viability Assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 206010008342 Cervix carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000003390 Chinese drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000005243 Chondrosarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000009047 Chordoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000006332 Choriocarcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000001333 Colorectal Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010010356 Congenital anomaly Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000009738 Connective Tissue Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000000311 Cytosine Deaminase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010080611 Cytosine Deaminase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101710112752 Cytotoxin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000053602 DNA Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000204 Dipeptidase 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010061818 Disease progression Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 101150005585 E3 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010014733 Endometrial cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010014759 Endometrial neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010014967 Ependymoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000283073 Equus caballus Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000031637 Erythroblastic Acute Leukemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000036566 Erythroleukaemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000588724 Escherichia coli Species 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000006168 Ewing Sarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000282324 Felis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000282326 Felis catus Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000007659 Fibroadenoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000008808 Fibrosarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000005720 Glutathione transferase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010070675 Glutathione transferase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004471 Glycine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102100039620 Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010043121 Green Fluorescent Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004144 Green Fluorescent Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 208000001258 Hemangiosarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000282412 Homo Species 0.000 description 1
- 101100001325 Homo sapiens AKR1C3 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000746373 Homo sapiens Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001091385 Homo sapiens Kallikrein-6 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000716695 Homo sapiens Solute carrier family 5 member 4 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000760175 Homo sapiens Zinc finger protein 35 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010001336 Horseradish Peroxidase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000598171 Human adenovirus sp. Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000700588 Human alphaherpesvirus 1 Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000701074 Human alphaherpesvirus 2 Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000701044 Human gammaherpesvirus 4 Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010020751 Hypersensitivity Diseases 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 102000010789 Interleukin-2 Receptors Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010038453 Interleukin-2 Receptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000005125 Invasive Hydatidiform Mole Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000725296 JDV virus Species 0.000 description 1
- 102100034866 Kallikrein-6 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 208000001126 Keratosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010043135 L-methionine gamma-lyase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- FBOZXECLQNJBKD-ZDUSSCGKSA-N L-methotrexate Chemical compound C=1N=C2N=C(N)N=C(N)C2=NC=1CN(C)C1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 FBOZXECLQNJBKD-ZDUSSCGKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010058467 Lung neoplasm malignant Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108090000856 Lyases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004317 Lyases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-PICCSMPSSA-N Maltose Natural products O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-PICCSMPSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000124008 Mammalia Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000007054 Medullary Carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000000172 Medulloblastoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000282346 Meles meles Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010027406 Mesothelioma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000034578 Multiple myelomas Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001529936 Murinae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000699666 Mus <mouse, genus> Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000005927 Myosarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108020000284 NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone) Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100022365 NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 208000002454 Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010061306 Nasopharyngeal cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000004404 Neurofibroma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000005890 Neuroma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 244000090896 Nigella sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000016698 Nigella sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 208000015914 Non-Hodgkin lymphomas Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000011436 Ossifying Fibroma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000001715 Osteoblastoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010073852 Osteofibroma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010033128 Ovarian cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010061535 Ovarian neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010073038 Penicillin Amidase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004107 Penicillin G sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000009328 Perro Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000009097 Phosphorylases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010073135 Phosphorylases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000007641 Pinealoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010035226 Plasma cell myeloma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000013566 Plasminogen Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010051456 Plasminogen Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000008601 Polycythemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- TUZYXOIXSAXUGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pravastatin Natural products C1=CC(C)C(CCC(O)CC(O)CC(O)=O)C2C(OC(=O)C(C)CC)CC(O)C=C21 TUZYXOIXSAXUGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000006664 Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010015078 Pregnancy-Associated alpha 2-Macroglobulins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101710101148 Probable 6-oxopurine nucleoside phosphorylase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229940124158 Protease/peptidase inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 241000125945 Protoparvovirus Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000030764 Purine-nucleoside phosphorylase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 239000012979 RPMI medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000700159 Rattus Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000018120 Recombinases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010091086 Recombinases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108091007187 Reductases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 201000000582 Retinoblastoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000005678 Rhabdomyoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- CSOSMPXUUTVGLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N S(F)F.[C] Chemical compound S(F)F.[C] CSOSMPXUUTVGLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 201000010208 Seminoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000837158 Senecavirus A Species 0.000 description 1
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZSJLQEPLLKMAKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Streptozotocin Natural products O=NN(C)C(=O)NC1C(O)OC(CO)C(O)C1O ZSJLQEPLLKMAKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000282898 Sus scrofa Species 0.000 description 1
- 210000001744 T-lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 108700011582 TER 286 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010017842 Telomerase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000024313 Testicular Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010057644 Testis cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010022394 Threonine synthase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000005497 Thymidylate Synthase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 208000033781 Thyroid carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000024770 Thyroid neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000004338 Transferrin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000901 Transferrin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000004142 Trypsin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000631 Trypsin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010070627 Tumour rupture Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000003425 Tyrosinase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108060008724 Tyrosinase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000006105 Uterine Cervical Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 101800003344 Vaccinia growth factor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108020005202 Viral DNA Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100024672 Zinc finger protein 35 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- OBABDJMYPMAQEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [[2-[(2-amino-6-oxo-3h-purin-9-yl)methoxy]-3-hydroxypropoxy]-hydroxyphosphoryl] phosphono hydrogen phosphate Chemical class N1C(N)=NC(=O)C2=C1N(COC(CO)COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O)C=N2 OBABDJMYPMAQEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000021841 acute erythroid leukemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000009956 adenocarcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000011543 agarose gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002478 aldosterone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000029936 alkylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960003896 aminopterin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 101150073130 ampR gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229960000723 ampicillin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- AVKUERGKIZMTKX-NJBDSQKTSA-N ampicillin Chemical compound C1([C@@H](N)C(=O)N[C@H]2[C@H]3SC([C@@H](N3C2=O)C(O)=O)(C)C)=CC=CC=C1 AVKUERGKIZMTKX-NJBDSQKTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KLOHDWPABZXLGI-YWUHCJSESA-M ampicillin sodium Chemical compound [Na+].C1([C@@H](N)C(=O)N[C@H]2[C@H]3SC([C@@H](N3C2=O)C([O-])=O)(C)C)=CC=CC=C1 KLOHDWPABZXLGI-YWUHCJSESA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000003698 anagen phase Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000007502 anemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000000719 anti-leukaemic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229950002465 apaziquone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008209 arabinosides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003149 assay kit Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004266 aziridin-1-yl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])N(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000001541 aziridines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NOWKCMXCCJGMRR-UHFFFAOYSA-O aziridinium Chemical compound C1C[NH2+]1 NOWKCMXCCJGMRR-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229950010936 banoxantrone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 102000006635 beta-lactamase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QUYVBRFLSA-N beta-maltose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QUYVBRFLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000026900 bile duct neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000031018 biological processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- TXFLGZOGNOOEFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-chloroethyl)amine Chemical compound ClCCNCCCl TXFLGZOGNOOEFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OWMVSZAMULFTJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis-tris Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)C(CO)(CO)CO OWMVSZAMULFTJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000002449 bone cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002639 bone cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004556 brain Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 201000003149 breast fibroadenoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000000621 bronchi Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229950000772 canfosfamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000845 cartilage Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007910 cell fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000022534 cell killing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006037 cell lysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006285 cell suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000010881 cervical cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000007385 chemical modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000018805 childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000011633 childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000006990 cholangiocarcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000000349 chromosome Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000029742 colonic neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000010989 colorectal carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229940125878 compound 36 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000013270 controlled release Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002619 cytotoxin Substances 0.000 description 1
- KWGRBVOPPLSCSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N d-ephedrine Natural products CNC(C)C(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KWGRBVOPPLSCSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYOZYWVXFNDGLU-XLPZGREQSA-N dTMP Chemical compound O=C1NC(=O)C(C)=CN1[C@@H]1O[C@H](COP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H](O)C1 GYOZYWVXFNDGLU-XLPZGREQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960003782 dextromethorphan hydrobromide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 206010012601 diabetes mellitus Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- WVYXNIXAMZOZFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diaziquone Chemical compound O=C1C(NC(=O)OCC)=C(N2CC2)C(=O)C(NC(=O)OCC)=C1N1CC1 WVYXNIXAMZOZFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950002389 diaziquone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CCAFPWNGIUBUSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl sulfoxide Chemical compound CCS(=O)CC CCAFPWNGIUBUSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FOCAHLGSDWHSAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N difluoromethanethione Chemical compound FC(F)=S FOCAHLGSDWHSAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003113 dilution method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005750 disease progression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000035475 disorder Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000673 dose–response relationship Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000012154 double-distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000235 effect on cancer Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 201000003914 endometrial carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001339 epidermal cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000000981 epithelium Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013861 fat-free Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 208000020336 fibromyxoid tumor Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 108700014844 flt3 ligand Proteins 0.000 description 1
- XRECTZIEBJDKEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N flucytosine Chemical compound NC1=NC(=O)NC=C1F XRECTZIEBJDKEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004413 flucytosine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 108091006047 fluorescent proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000034287 fluorescent proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007421 fluorometric assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012909 foetal bovine serum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001415 gene therapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010353 genetic engineering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000005017 glioblastoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- GTFMAONWNTUZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N glutaramic acid Chemical compound NC(=O)CCCC(O)=O GTFMAONWNTUZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005090 green fluorescent protein Substances 0.000 description 1
- 201000010536 head and neck cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000005260 human cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003463 hyperproliferative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940091204 imlygic Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002458 infectious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002601 intratumoral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010253 intravenous injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002510 keratinocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 201000002156 lipoadenoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000010033 lipoblastoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010024627 liposarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000012160 loading buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 201000005202 lung cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000020816 lung neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000001165 lymph node Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000012804 lymphangiosarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000017830 lymphoblastoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000025036 lymphosarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000006166 lysate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012139 lysis buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000001161 mammalian embryo Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001404 mediated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000023356 medullary thyroid gland carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010027191 meningioma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229960001428 mercaptopurine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000005905 mesyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- LGRLWUINFJPLSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanide Chemical compound [CH3-] LGRLWUINFJPLSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010172 mouse model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000002077 muscle cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000001611 myxosarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n'-methylenebisacrylamide Chemical compound C=CC(=O)NCNC(=O)C=C ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VBEGHXKAFSLLGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-phenylnitramide Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 VBEGHXKAFSLLGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000014761 nasopharyngeal type undifferentiated carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000011216 nasopharynx carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000013642 negative control Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001613 neoplastic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001711 nigella sativa Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006502 nitrobenzyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000002154 non-small cell lung carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000037311 normal skin Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004940 nucleus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000011275 oncology therapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000496 pancreas Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 201000002094 pancreatic adenocarcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000004019 papillary adenocarcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229960005489 paracetamol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019369 penicillin G sodium Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940056360 penicillin g Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002340 pentostatin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FPVKHBSQESCIEP-JQCXWYLXSA-N pentostatin Chemical compound C1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1N1C(N=CNC[C@H]2O)=C2N=C1 FPVKHBSQESCIEP-JQCXWYLXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000137 peptide hydrolase inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000825 pharmaceutical preparation Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009522 phase III clinical trial Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 208000024724 pineal body neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001184 polypeptide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- IXJYMUFPNFFKIB-FMONCPFKSA-N pomp protocol Chemical compound S=C1N=CNC2=C1NC=N2.O=C1C=C[C@]2(C)[C@H]3C(=O)C[C@](C)([C@@](CC4)(O)C(=O)CO)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1.C=1N=C2N=C(N)N=C(N)C2=NC=1CN(C)C1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1.C([C@H](C[C@]1(C(=O)OC)C=2C(=C3C([C@]45[C@H]([C@@]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@]6(CC)C=CCN([C@H]56)CC4)(O)C(=O)OC)N3C=O)=CC=2)OC)C[C@@](C2)(O)CC)N2CCC2=C1NC1=CC=CC=C21 IXJYMUFPNFFKIB-FMONCPFKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003389 potentiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000008476 powdered milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960002965 pravastatin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- TUZYXOIXSAXUGO-PZAWKZKUSA-N pravastatin Chemical compound C1=C[C@H](C)[C@H](CC[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O)[C@H]2[C@@H](OC(=O)[C@@H](C)CC)C[C@H](O)C=C21 TUZYXOIXSAXUGO-PZAWKZKUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940071643 prefilled syringe Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 210000002307 prostate Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000012474 protein marker Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003447 pseudoephedrine hydrochloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BALXUFOVQVENIU-KXNXZCPBSA-N pseudoephedrine hydrochloride Chemical compound [H+].[Cl-].CN[C@@H](C)[C@@H](O)C1=CC=CC=C1 BALXUFOVQVENIU-KXNXZCPBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036632 reaction speed Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010837 receptor-mediated endocytosis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000009410 rhabdomyosarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- JUVIOZPCNVVQFO-HBGVWJBISA-N rotenone Chemical compound O([C@H](CC1=C2O3)C(C)=C)C1=CC=C2C(=O)[C@@H]1[C@H]3COC2=C1C=C(OC)C(OC)=C2 JUVIOZPCNVVQFO-HBGVWJBISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 201000008407 sebaceous adenocarcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000020183 skimmed milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000003491 skin Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000004872 soft tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005063 solubilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007928 solubilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010041823 squamous cell carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007619 statistical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001052 streptozocin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZSJLQEPLLKMAKR-GKHCUFPYSA-N streptozocin Chemical compound O=NN(C)C(=O)N[C@H]1[C@@H](O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O ZSJLQEPLLKMAKR-GKHCUFPYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010254 subcutaneous injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007929 subcutaneous injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003319 supportive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013268 sustained release Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000010965 sweat gland carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229950008461 talimogene laherparepvec Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 201000003120 testicular cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutylammonium Chemical class CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940126585 therapeutic drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 201000002510 thyroid cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000013077 thyroid gland carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000013518 transcription Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035897 transcription Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012581 transferrin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010044412 transitional cell carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- YLJLTSVBCXYTQK-VKHMYHEASA-N trifluoro-L-methionine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCSC(F)(F)F YLJLTSVBCXYTQK-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 1
- LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012588 trypsin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000029729 tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 11 Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000712461 unidentified influenza virus Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000023747 urothelial carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000010200 validation analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035899 viability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001260 vocal cord Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K39/395—Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
- C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
- C12N15/85—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for animal cells
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N7/00—Viruses; Bacteriophages; Compositions thereof; Preparation or purification thereof
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Virology (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
Abstract
提供在溶瘤病毒的基因组中整合有能够在肿瘤细胞中表达靶向酶的RNA或DNA的编码序列得到重组溶瘤病毒,通过将该重组溶瘤病毒与靶向酶激活的抗肿瘤前药联用来达到改善溶瘤病毒抗肿瘤的效果;还提供一种重组溶瘤病毒,其特征在于,该重组溶瘤病毒为选择复制型溶瘤病毒,并且该重组溶瘤病毒的基因组中整合有能够在肿瘤细胞中表达靶向酶的RNA或DNA的编码序列,靶向酶为能够激活抗肿瘤前药的酶;还提供一种药物组合物,该药物组合物包括重组溶瘤病毒和靶向酶激活的抗肿瘤前药。
Description
本发明涉及重组溶瘤病毒及医药用途。
溶瘤病毒依靠其本身的特异性在肿瘤细胞中复制来裂解肿瘤细胞,细胞裂解后释放出来的病毒或毒素又可以进一步感染周围的肿瘤细胞,同时对正常细胞和组织则没有破坏作用,或影响较小。
溶瘤病毒一般分为二类:一类为野生型病毒和自然变异的弱毒病毒株,这类病毒天然就对某些肿瘤细胞有亲和力,如呼肠孤病毒、新城疫病毒以及自主复制的细小病毒等,这些病毒能够在某些肿瘤细胞中繁殖并裂解细胞,具有天然的特异性溶瘤活性;另一类是对病毒基因组进行改造后,只能在肿瘤细胞内复制的病毒。
目前人们已经通过基因工程方法改造了腺病毒、单纯疱疹病毒、流感病毒和人牛痘病毒等。其中腺病毒是溶瘤病毒研究开展相对较早溶瘤机理研究相对较为清楚的,腺病毒中又以5型腺病毒研究得更为清楚。腺病毒发现后不久曾被用来治疗头颈部恶性肿瘤,注射腺病毒后肿瘤有不同程度缩小,但治疗后肿瘤易复发,效果难以持久;直到1996年,Bisc hoff等首次报道去除部分E1B的重组腺病毒Onyx-015能在p53异常的肿瘤细胞选择性复制引起肿瘤杀伤作用,溶瘤腺病毒研究才再次受到广泛关注并且发展迅速,因此出现了许多新型溶瘤腺病毒种类,医药界利用其特性一直致力于将溶瘤病毒开发上市成为治疗药品。
已在中国上市的针对鼻咽癌的腺病毒H101(安柯瑞)、美国FDA批准上市的针对黑色素瘤的单纯疱疹病毒Imlygic(talimogene laherparepvec)等。此外,还有多个溶瘤病毒疗法的临床试验正在进行中,具体如附图8的表格所示。
事实上,所有上市和正处于临床前的溶瘤病毒研发项目的给药方式大都是皮下注射,对应的适应症也都是实体瘤,这是因为需要通过注射的方式将病毒制剂直接注射到肿瘤部位。
由于种种原因,特别是溶瘤病毒作为免疫系统的异物,在进入实体肿瘤组织后会被免疫系统发现而被消灭或排除出去,因此溶瘤病毒在体内起效的时间有限,为此必须多次或较大量的在肿瘤部位进行注射给药。
对于血液癌症,由于T淋巴细胞或B淋巴细胞在于循环的血液系统中,溶瘤病毒必须在血液系统中循环后才能起效,然而作为免疫系统的异物,溶瘤病毒必然受到免疫系统的攻击,因此其作用时间相对于实体瘤必然更短,正因为如此,市面上没有治疗血液癌的溶瘤病毒上市,也没有相关的临床研发项目。
发明内容
为了强化溶瘤病毒的杀灭肿瘤的效果,目前使用溶瘤病毒治疗肿瘤的策略之一是将溶瘤病毒进行基因改造,携带具有治疗肿瘤意义的基因,并将这类基因导入肿瘤细胞中特异性的表达相关蛋白。利用表达出的蛋白或者抗体的抑瘤特性,联合治疗肿瘤。
溶瘤病毒构建设计的关键因素是考虑转染基因的表达时间和病毒复制导致的破裂时间。发明人设想可通过使用早期启动子基因转录保证靶向蛋白在病毒复制导致的肿瘤破裂前高表达,然后给予靶向蛋白或酶激活的化疗药物,使得化疗药物进入溶瘤病毒侵染后能在高表达的靶向蛋白或酶的激活下发挥药效,释放出细胞毒素而直接毒杀癌细胞,这样通过整合有特定靶向蛋白基因的溶瘤病毒侵染癌细胞,然后再给予靶向蛋白或酶激活的化疗药物,溶瘤病毒只需要侵染癌细胞而不需要最终裂解癌细胞就可以在靶向蛋白或酶激活的化疗药物的作用下杀灭癌细胞,因此溶瘤病毒的给药量可以大大减少,对于人体免疫系统的影响也更小,最终的结果是通过整合有特定靶向蛋白基因的溶瘤病毒和靶向蛋白或酶激 活的化疗药物的联合使用或复方,能大大提高溶瘤病毒抗癌的效果。
化疗药物历史长,疗效得到了长期验证,但具有副作用大的缺点。通过将化疗药物改造设计为前药来减少毒副作用是一个重要的方向。化疗药物经过结构改造后得到的前药是一类在体外活性较小或者无活性,在体内经酶或非酶作用,释放出活性物质而发挥药理作用的化合物为前药。在大多数情况下,前药是简单的化学衍生物,经一步或两部化学或酶催化可以转变为有活性的母体药物。
上述靶向蛋白或酶激活的化疗药物包括靶向酶激活的大分子抗肿瘤前药和靶向酶激活的小分子抗肿瘤前药。靶向酶激活的大分子抗肿瘤前药,在ADEPT(Antibody-Directed En zyme Prodrug Therapy)中,施用的酶抗体与抗原呈递靶细胞的表面。随后,施用被该酶激活的前药,导致有毒药物的形成。在大多数情况下,有毒药物必须穿透细胞膜才能使细胞死亡。在某些情况下,该药物可导致细胞死亡而不穿透细胞膜(例如海葵毒素palytoxin)(Rooseboom M,Commandeur J N M,Vermeulen N P E.Enzyme-Catalyzed Activation of Anticancer Prodrugs[J].Pharmacological Reviews,2004,56(1):53-102,DOI:10.1 124/pr.56.1.3)。
靶向酶激活的小分子抗肿瘤前药,其可以通过与导入肿瘤部位的外源性酶或肿瘤细胞内表达的酶(GDEPT和VDEPT,Gene-Directed Enzyme Prodrug Therapy和Virus directed enzyme prodrug therapy)即靶向酶相互作用,从而转化为细胞毒药物。靶向酶激活的小分子抗肿瘤前药可提高抗肿瘤药物的靶向性,而溶瘤病毒中整合的表达靶向酶基因能使得癌细胞表达更高水平的能够激活前药的靶向酶,从而更好的发挥靶向酶激活的小分子抗肿瘤前药的抗肿瘤效果并降低毒副作用。
有多种前药被特定的酶所激活。这些酶包括内生性的酶以及外源性的酶。
内生性的酶包括氧化还原酶类Oxidoreductases、转移酶类Transferases、水解酶类Hydrolases、裂解酶类Lyases。
氧化还原酶类Oxidoreductases包括醛脱氢酶Aldehyde oxidase、氨基酸氧化酶类Amino acid oxidase、细胞色素P450还原酶Cytochrome P450 reductase、DT-黄递酶DT-Diaphorase、细胞色素P450 Cytochrome P450、酪氨酸酶Tyrosinase等。
转移酶类Transferases包括胸苷酸合成酶Thymidylate synthase、胸苷磷酸化酶Thymidine phosphorylase、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶Glutathione S-Transferase、脱氧胞苷激酶Deoxycytidine kinase等。
水解酶类Hydrolases包括羧酸酯酶Carboxylesterase、碱性磷酸酶Alkaline phosphatase、β葡萄糖醛酸苷酶β-Glucuronidase等。
由人体内生的靶向酶激活的抗肿瘤前药的情况如下表1所示。
表1:由人体内生的靶向酶激活的抗肿瘤前药(下列中的酶均为人源的酶)
外源性的酶包括硝基还原酶类Nitroreductase、嘌呤核苷磷酸化酶Purine-nucleoside phosphorylase、胸苷激酶类Thymidine kinase、碱性磷酸酶Alkaline phosphatase、β葡萄糖醛酸苷酶β-Glucuronidase、羧肽酶类Carboxypeptidase、青霉素酰胺酶类Penicillin amidase、β内酰胺酶类β-Lactamase、胞嘧啶脱氨酶Cytosine deaminase、蛋氨酸γ裂解酶Methionineγ-lyase等。
由并非人体具有通过介入手段(ADEPT、GDEPT和VDEPT)介入的外源性的靶向酶激活的抗肿瘤前药的情况如下表2所示。
表2:外源的靶向酶激活的抗肿瘤前药(下列中的酶均为非人源的酶)
上述表1/2的内容参见Rooseboom M,Commandeur J N M,Vermeulen N P E.Enzyme-Catalyzed Activation of Anticancer Prodrugs[J].Pharmacological Reviews,2004,56(1):53-102,DOI:10.1124/pr.56.1.3及其他专业文献。
外文及外文缩写注释:
5-Ethynyl-2(1H)-pyrimidinone,即5-乙炔基-2(1H)-嘧啶酮
5-Ethynyluracil,即5-乙炔尿嘧啶
IPdR,即Ropidoxuridine罗匹昔定
IUdR,即碘脱氧尿苷
5-FP,即5-氟-2-嘧啶酮
5-FU,即5-氟尿嘧啶
5-Ethynyl-2(1H)-pyrimidinone,即5-乙炔基-2(1H)-嘧啶酮
IPdR,即Ropidoxuridine罗匹昔定
5-FP,即5-氟-2-嘧啶酮
d-alanine,即D-丙氨酸
SeCys conjugates,硒代胱氨酸偶联物
Menadione,甲萘醌别名维生素K3
Tirapazamine,即替拉扎明
Mitomycin C,即丝裂霉素C
TH-302,又名Evofosfamide
EO9,即apaziquone,中文名为阿哌喹酮
Streptonigrin,即链黑菌素
CB 1954,即Tretazicar
Diaziquone,即地吖醌
4-Ipomeanol,即4-甘薯黑疱霉醇
Ftorafur(tegafur),即替加氟
Dacarbazine,即达卡巴嗪
Trofosfamide,即曲磷胺
Ifosfamide,即异环磷酰胺
Cyclophosphamide,即环磷酰胺
AQ4N,即banoxantrone,中文名为巴诺蒽醌,CAS号为136470-65-0
2,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine,即2,4-二羟基苯丙氨酸
4-S-CAP,即4-S-cysteaminylphenol,中文名为4-S-半胱氨酰苯酚
GHB,即γ-L-glutaminyl-4-hydroxybenzene,中文名为γ-L-谷氨酰胺-4-羟基苯
BVdUMP,即(E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2-deoxyuridine 5-monophosphate,中文名为(E)-5-(2-溴乙烯基)-2-脱氧尿苷5-单磷酸酯
NB1011,即(E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2-deoxy-5-uridylphenyl-L-methoxyalaninylphosphoramidate
5’-DFUR,即5-deoxy-5-fluorouridine,又名Doxifluridine,中文名为去氧氟尿苷
Capecitabine,即卡培他滨
TER286,即[γ-glutamyl-α-amino-β(2-ethyl-N,N,N′,N′-tetrakis(2-chloroethyl)phosphorodiamidate)-sulfonyl-propionyl-(R)-(-)phenylglycine],无合适中文翻译
S-CPHC-ethylsulfoxide,S-(N-p-chlorophenyl-N-hydroxycarbamoyl)ethylsulfoxide,无合适中文翻译
PTA,即cis-3-(9H-purin-6-ylthio)acrylic acid,可中文翻译为顺-3-(9H-嘌呤-6-硫基)丙烯酸
Cytarabine,即阿糖孢苷
Pentostatin,即喷司他丁
Cladribine,即克拉屈滨
Gemcitabine,即吉西他滨
Fludarabine,即氟达拉滨
Ancitabine,即安西他宾
Enocitabine,即依诺他宾
Decitabine,即地西他滨
Azacitidine,即阿扎胞苷
Nelarabine,即奈拉滨
CPT-11,即Irinotecan,中文名伊立替康
paclitaxel-2-ethylcarbonate,中文名紫杉醇-2-乙基碳酸酯
Capecitabine,即卡培他滨
Tertiary amidomethylesters,即叔胺基甲酯
Amifostine,即氨磷汀
3-AP phosphate,即3-amino-pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone的磷酸酯
BHAMG,tetra-n-butyl ammonium salt of(p-di-2-chloroethylaminophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside)uronic acid,无合适的中文翻译, 结构为
其中
Epirubicin-glucuronide,即表柔比星-葡糖醛酸偶联物。
HMR 1826,该化合物的CAS号为148580-25-0,为葡糖醛酸与阿霉素的偶联物
DNR-GA3,即N-[4-daunorubicin-N-carbonyl-(oxymethyl)-phenyl]O-β-glucuronyl carbamate,也称为glucuronidated daunorubicin,为柔红霉素与赤霉素的偶联物;
DOX-GA3,即N-[4-doxorubicin-N-carbonyl(oxymethyl)phenyl]O-beta-glucuronyl carbamate也称为glucuronidated doxorubicin,为阿霉素与赤霉素的偶联物;
Paclitaxel glucuronide,Glucuronic acid-derived paclitaxel compound,中文翻译为葡萄糖醛酸衍生紫杉醇化合物
5-FU glucuronide,5-FU的葡糖醛酸衍生物。
Glufosfamide,即葡磷酰胺
PC,即S-(6-purinyl)-L cysteine,中文翻译为S-(6-嘌呤基)-L半胱氨酸
GC,即S-(guanin-6-yl)-L-cysteine,中文翻译为S-(鸟苷-6-基)-L-半胱氨酸
SeCys conjugate,即selenocysteine Se conjugates,中文翻译为硒代半胱氨酸硒结合物
5-Ethynyluracil,即5-乙炔尿嘧啶
IUdR,即即碘脱氧尿苷
5-FU,即5-Fluorouracil,中文名为5-氟脲嘧啶
Hydrogen peroxide,即过氧化氢。
Selenols and hydrogen peroxide,硒醇与过氧化氢
Semiquinone radical,即半醌自由基
Nitroxide radical,即一氧化氮自由基
Quinone methide intermediate,中文翻译为甲基苯醌中间体
5-(Aziridin-1-yl)-4-hydroxyl-amino-2-nitrobenzamide,中文翻译为5-(叠氮基-1-基)-4-羟基氨基-2-硝基苯甲酰胺,CAS号为119643-82-2
HMMTIC,produce5-(3-hydroxymethyl-3-methyl-triazen-1-yl)imidazole-4-carboxamide
Trofosfamide mustard,即曲磷胺芥子结构
Isophosphamide mustard,即异环磷酰胺芥子结构
Phosphoramide mustard,即磷酰胺芥子结构
AQ4,即1,4-bis-{[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]amino-5,8-dihydroxyanthracene-9,10-Dione,化学结构为
6-Hydroxydopa,即6-羟基多巴
BQ,即dihydro-1,4-benzothiazine-6,7-dione,可翻译为二氢-1,4-苯并噻嗪-6,7-二酮
GBQ,即γ-l-glutaminyl-3,4-benzoquinone,可翻译为γ-l-谷氨酰胺-3,4-苯醌
dUMP,即2’-Deoxyuridine-5’-monophosphate,中文名为2'-脱氧尿苷-5'-单磷酸
Aziridinium agent,即氮丙啶阳离子盐结构试剂,具有以下的化学结构
S-CPHC-glutathione,即S-(N-p-chlorophenyl-N-hydroxycarbamoyl)glutathione,中文可翻译为S-(N-对氯苯基-N-羟基氨基甲酰基)谷胱甘肽
6-MP,即6-mercaptopurine,即6-巯基嘌呤
triphosphate metabolites,即三磷酸代谢物
SN-38,CAS登记号为86639-52-3
Paclitaxel,即紫杉醇
Carboxylic acids and amines,即羧酸与胺
WR-1065,即胺硫醇,结构式为
3-AP,即3-amino-pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone,CAS登记号为143621-35-6
pHAM,即N,N-di-(2-chloroethyl)-p-hydroxyaniline mustard,可翻译为N,N-二(2-氯乙基)-对羟基苯胺氮芥
Epirubicin,即表柔比星
Doxorubicin,即阿霉素
Daunorubicin,即柔红霉素
mustard agent ifosforamide,即异环磷酰胺对应的氮芥结构
6-Thioguanine,即6-硫鸟嘌呤
Selenol,即硒醇
CB 1954,即5-(aziridin-1-yl)-2,4-dinitrobenzamide,又名
Tretazicar,CAS登记号为21919-05-1
4-Ipomeanol,CAS登记号为32954-58-8
MeP-dR,即9-(β-2-deoxyerythropentofuranosyl)-6-methylpurine (6-methylpurine-2-deoxyribonucleoside),中文翻译为6-甲基嘌呤-2′-脱氧核糖核苷
Ganciclovir,即更昔洛韦,又名丙氧鸟苷
Etoposide phosphate,即磷酸依托泊苷
Mitomycin C phosphate,即p-[N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl phosphate,丝裂霉素C磷酸酯
POMP,即p-(N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)amino)phenyl phosphate,中文可翻译为对-(N,N-双(2-氯乙基)氨基)磷酸苯酯
N-(4-phosphonooxy)-phenylacetyl)doxorubicin,可翻译为N-(4-膦酰氧基)-苯乙酰基)阿霉素
Glucuronidated Nornitrogen mustard,即葡萄糖醛酸化的氮芥结构
Glucuronidated 9-amino-camptothecin,即葡萄糖醛酸化的9-氨基喜树碱
Glucuronide mustard,即葡糖苷酸氮芥结构
Methotrexate-amino acids,即甲氨蝶呤氨基酸
CMDA,即4-[N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-[2-(mesyloxy)ethyl]amino]benzoyl-L-glutamic acid,CAS号为122665-73-0
DPO,即doxorubicin-N-p-hydroxyphenoxyacetamide,可翻译为阿霉素-N-对羟基苯氧基乙酰胺
MelPO,即melphalan-N-p-hydroxyphenoxyacetamide,可翻译为美法仑-N-对羟基苯氧基乙酰胺
NHPAP,即N-(4’-hydroxyphenylacetyl)palytoxin,可翻译为N-(4,-羟苯基乙酰基)海葵毒素
N-(phenylacetyl)doxorubicin,即N-(苯乙酰基)阿霉素
N-(phenylacetyl)melphalan,即N-(苯乙酰基)美法仑
LY 266070,CAS号为137848-36-3
C-DOX,又名BMY46633,为cephalosporin doxorubicin prodrug,结构式为
(参见文献Evans LE,Krishna A,Ma Y,et al.Exploitation of Antibiotic Resistance as a Novel Drug Target:Development of aβ-Lactamase-Activated Antibacterial Prodrug.J Med Chem.2019;62(9):4411-4425.doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01923)
PRODOX,化学结构为
CM,即7-(phenylacetamido)-cephalosporin mustard,可翻译为7-(苯乙酰胺基)头孢菌素氮芥结构
CCM,即7-(4-carboxybutanamido)-cephalosporin mustard,可翻译为7-(4-羧基丁酰胺基)-头孢菌素氮芥结构
Cephalosporin-DACCP,即头孢菌素与4’-carboxyphthalato(1,2-cyclohexanediamine)platinum,可翻译为4,-羧基邻苯二甲酸(1,2-环己二胺)铂偶联化合物,参见文献Hanessian,Stephen,and J.Wang."Design and synthesis of a cephalosporincarboplatinum prodrug activatable by a-lactamase."Canadian Journal of Chemistry(1993),具体结构为
PROTAX,结构式为
(参见文献Evans LE,Krishna A,Ma Y,et al.Exploitation of Antibiotic Resistance as a Novel Drug Target:Development of a β-Lactamase-Activated Antibacterial Prodrug.J Med Chem.2019;62(9):4411-4425.doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01923)
Cephalosporin mitomycin C,即头孢菌素丝裂霉素C
C-Mel,即cephalosporin melphalan偶联化合物,化学结构为
5-Fluorocytosine,即5-氟胞嘧啶
Selenomethionine,即硒蛋氨酸
Trifluoromethionine,即三氟蛋氨酸
5-(Aziridin-1-yl)-4-hydroxyl-amino-2-nitro-benzamide,可翻译为5-(叠氮基-1-基)-4-羟基氨基-2-硝基苯甲酰胺,化学结构为
Isophosphoramide mustard,即异磷酰胺氮芥
Phosphoramide mustard,即磷酰胺氮芥
2-Fluoroadenine,即2-氟肾上腺素
MeP,即6-methylpurine,翻译为6-甲基嘌呤
Ganciclovir-triphosphate nucleotide,即更昔洛韦三磷酸核苷酸
Etoposide,即依托泊苷
Mitomycin C,即丝裂霉素C
POM,即p-(N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)amino)phenol,翻译为对-(N,N-双(2-氯乙基)氨基)苯酚
Doxorubicin,即阿霉素
Oxazolidinone,即恶唑烷酮
9-Aminocamptothecin,即9-氨基喜树碱
Mustard,氮芥结构
Methotrexate,即氨蝶呤
Benzoic acid mustard,即苯甲酸氮芥
Melphalan,即美法仑
Palytoxin,即海葵毒素
DAVLBHYD,即4-desacetylvinblastine-3-carboxylic acid hydrazide,可翻译为4-去乙酰长春碱-3-羧酸酰肼
Phenylenediamine mustard,即苯二胺氮芥
DACCP,即4’-carboxyphthalato(1,2-cyclohexanediamine)platinum,可翻译为4’-羧基邻苯二甲酸(1,2-环己二胺)铂
Taxol,即紫杉醇
Methylselenol,即甲基硒醇
CSF2,即二氟硫化碳
特别的,醛酮还原酶1C3,AKR1C3(EC:1.1.1.188)激活的抗肿瘤前药在以下专利中公开:
1)DNA烷化剂,对应PCT申请号PCT/US2016/021581,公开号WO2016/145092A,对应中国申请号2016800150788,公开号CN107530556A;
2)(R)-及(S)-1-(3-(3-N,N-二甲基胺基羰基)苯氧基-4-硝苯基)-1-乙基-N,N’-双(伸乙基)胺基磷酸酯、组合物及其使用及制备方法,对应PCT申请号PCT/US2016/062114,公开号WO2017087428A1,对应中国申请号2016800446081,公开号CN108290911A中的S构型化合物;
3)硝基苄基衍生物抗癌试剂,对应PCT申请号PCT/US2016/025665,公开号WO2016/161342,对应中国申请号2016800200132,公开号CN108136214A;
4)通过AKR1C3激活的前药化合物及其治疗过度增殖性失调的用途,对应的PCT申请号PCT/NZ2019/050030,公开号WO2019190331,对应中国申请号201980023423.6,公开号CN111918864A。
5)含氟化合物及医药用途,对应PCT申请号好PCT/CN2020/089692,公开号WO2020/228685。
6)三环ARK1C3依赖性KARS抑制剂,对应的PCT申请号PCT/IB2020/057285,公开号WO2021005586A1,对应的中国申请号CN202080053804.1,公开号CN114206870A。
7)靶向醛酮还原酶1C3的苯并二氢吡喃类化合物,对应的PCT申请号PCT/CN2020/120281,公开号WO2021068952A1。
上述7个专利申请中公开的化合物均为AKR1C3酶激活的抗肿瘤/抗癌前药。
醛酮还原酶1C3(英文简称为AKR1C3,EC:1.1.1.188)激活的抗肿瘤前药应满足以下条件:
在存在AKR1C3抑制剂(如上述三个专利1/2/3中公开的TH-3021,Flanagan等人,Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry(2014)第962-977页中的化合物36即
)的环境下,检测得到的某化合物的癌细胞增殖抑制作用小于不存在AKR1C3抑制剂(如上述三个专利中公开的TH-3021)的环境下检测得到的该化合物的癌细胞增殖抑制作用,如癌细胞增殖抑制作用使用IC50进行量化,则如果某个化合物对某个癌细胞系在存在AKR1C3抑制剂时检测得到的IC50大于不存在AKR1C3抑制剂时检测得到的IC50,则可以判定该化合物为AKR1C3激活的抗癌药物。其差值越大,AKR1C3激活的特异性越高。
前药形式的上述化合物在癌细胞特殊的微环境中通过AKR1C3的催化而发生还原,得到具有细胞毒性的毒素而发挥癌细胞毒杀作用。
特别的,中文名为(S)-1-(3-(3-N,N-二甲氨基羰基)苯氧基-4-硝基苯基)-1-乙基-N,N'-双(亚乙基)氨基磷酸酯,也称为AST-3424、OBI-3424、TH-3424、AST-106),CAS号为2097713-69-2,其结构如下:
已在中国和美国进行I/II期临床试验。
细胞色素P450还原酶cytochrome P450 reductase(EC:1.6.2.4)激活的抗肿瘤前药以 TH-302、PR-104等为代表,都是在乏氧条件和细胞色素P450还原酶共同作用下激活的,因此下列乏氧活化的抗癌前药(HAP,Hypoxia Activated Prodrugs)专利申请在以下专利中公开:
1)氨基磷酸酯烷化剂前体药物,对应PCT申请号PCT/US2006/025881,公开号WO2007/002931,对应中国申请号200680030082.8,公开号CN101501054A;
2)含有DNA烷化剂的氮丙啶,对应PCT申请号PCT/US2016/039092,公开号WO2016/210175,对应中国申请号201680036898.5,公开号CN108024974A;
上述2个专利申请中公开的化合物均为细胞色素P450还原酶cytochrome P450 reductase(EC:1.6.2.4)激活的抗肿瘤/抗癌前药。
细胞色素P450还原酶cytochrome P450 reductase(EC:1.6.2.4)激活的抗肿瘤前药应满足以下条件:
在乏氧的环境下,检测得到的某化合物的癌细胞增殖抑制作用大于常氧的环境下检测得到的该化合物的癌细胞增殖抑制作用,如癌细胞增殖抑制作用使用IC50进行量化,则如果某个化合物对某个癌细胞系在常氧环境检测得到的IC50大于乏氧环境时检测得到的IC50,则可以判定该化合物为乏氧激活的抗癌药物。其差值越大,乏氧激活的特异性越高。
另外,对于以往认为是乏氧激活的前药PR-104,经深入研究已证明其亦被硝基还原酶(nitroreductase,NTR)活化(Singleton,D.C.,Mowday,A.M.,Guise,C.P.et al.Bioreductive prodrug PR-104 improves the tumour distribution and titre of the nitroreductase-armed oncolytic adenovirus ONYX-411NTR leading to therapeutic benefit.Cancer Gene Ther(2021).https://doi.org/10.1038/s41417-021-00409-2),因此硝基还原酶,nitroreductase激活的抗肿瘤前药,这些前药结构类似于PR-104,其在以下专利中公开:
1)基于硝基苯胺的烷化剂和它们作为前体药物的用途,对应的PCT申请号PCT/NZ2003/000225,公开号WO2004/033415A1,对应中国申请号200380102812.7,公开号CN1711236A;
2)新的硝基苯基氮芥和硝基苯基氮丙啶醇以及它们相应的磷酸酯和作为靶向细胞毒素剂的用途,对应PCT申请号PCT/NZ2004/000275,公开号WO 2005/042471,对应中国申请号200480039430.9,公开号CN1902159A。
前药形式的上述化合物在癌细胞特殊的微环境中(肿瘤由于增殖快,因而中肿瘤的癌细胞中会由于供氧不足而发生缺氧即肿瘤的癌细胞会处于乏氧环境)会在乏氧和细胞色素P450还原酶cytochrome P450 reductase(EC:1.6.2.4)催化而发生还原((参见Meng et al,Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology of the Hypoxia-Activated Prodrug TH-302,MCT,2012(11):740;DOI:10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-11-0634)),得到具有细胞毒性的毒素而发挥癌细胞毒杀作用。
葡磷酰胺(glufosfamide),化学名为β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-N,N′-二(2-氯乙基)磷酰胺,英文名为β-D-Glucopyranosyl-[N,N′-bis[(2-chloroethyl)]phosphoric acid diamide,为一种新型的烷化剂类抗肿瘤药物,是由一分子具有直接烷化作用的异磷酰胺氮芥与一分子葡萄糖通过糖苷键相连而形成的。葡磷酰胺在钠依赖性的葡萄糖跨膜转运蛋白SAAT1的作用下转运进入肿瘤细胞,然后通过β-葡萄糖醛酸苷酶(EC:3.2.1.31)水解释放异磷酰胺氮芥而发挥活性。
美国Threshold公司于2004年获得该药在美国FDA的快速审批资格,用于治疗以前接受过吉西他滨(gemcitabine)治疗的无法重新切除的局部晚期或转移胰腺癌(W.Steve Ammons,Jin-Wei Wang y,Zhijian Yang y,George F.Tidmarshz and Robert M.Hoffmany,Neoplasia,2007.8,9(8):625-633),但2007年该公司宣布作为二线治疗用于转移性胰腺癌患者的Ⅲ期临床试验没有显著增加总的存活率(Tudor E.Ciuleanua,Alexander V.Pavlovskyb,Gyorgy Bodokyc,,Avgust M.Garind,Virginia K.Langmuire,Stewart Krolle,George T.Tidmarshe, A randomised Phase III trial of glufosfamide compared with best supportive care in metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma previously treated with gemcitabine,European Journal Of Cancer,45(2009):1589-1596),现该药尚有多个临床试验在美国进行。
显然,由于以上靶向酶激活的抗肿瘤前药在未活化时细胞毒性较小(抑制癌细胞增殖的IC50值较大),而在被靶向酶激活后得到活性成分时细胞毒性较大(抑制癌细胞增殖的IC50值较小)基于以上的靶向酶激活的抗肿瘤前药的事实可知,这些前药对患者的治疗效果与患者体内的肿瘤组织或癌细胞表达的靶向酶水平高低以及靶向酶催化激活的特性有关,因此通过提高肿瘤组织或癌细胞表达的靶向酶水平有望能改善靶向酶在肿瘤组织或癌细胞内表达水平低的患者对该靶向酶激活的抗肿瘤前药的用药响应情况,即对于可能因为靶向酶在肿瘤组织或癌细胞内表达水平低的肿瘤或癌症患者,通过干预来选择性的提高肿瘤组织或癌细胞内靶向酶的表达水平有望改善靶向酶激活的抗肿瘤前药的治疗效果并扩展临床应用范围。
为此本申请通过改造溶瘤病毒,在溶瘤病毒的基因组中整合有能够在肿瘤细胞中表达靶向酶的RNA或DNA的编码序列得到重组溶瘤病毒,通过将该重组溶瘤病毒与靶向酶激活的抗肿瘤前药联用来达到改善溶瘤病毒抗肿瘤的效果。
提供一种重组溶瘤病毒,其特征在于,该重组溶瘤病毒为选择复制型溶瘤病毒,并且该重组溶瘤病毒的基因组中整合有能够在肿瘤细胞中表达靶向酶的RNA或DNA的编码序列,靶向酶为能够激活抗肿瘤前药的酶。
这里的靶向酶可以是人体内生的酶,也可以是非人体内生的外源酶,人体内生的酶的具体种类可以参考上表1中的激活的靶向酶及酶分类号EC,非人体内生的外源酶的具体种类可以参考表2中的激活的靶向酶,上述表1/2中列出的酶仅仅是列出的文献报道的可以激活抗肿瘤前药的酶,并不是完全列举。
作为一种优选,该重组溶瘤病毒的基因组中整合有能够在肿瘤细胞中表达下列靶向酶的RNA或DNA的编码序列中的任意一种或多种:
醛酮还原酶,
β-葡萄糖醛酸苷酶(EC:3.2.1.31),
细胞色素P450还原酶(EC:1.6.2.4),
脱氧胞苷激酶(EC:2.7.1.74),
胸苷磷酸化酶(EC:2.4.2.4)。
作为一种优选,该重组溶瘤病毒的基因组中整合有能够在肿瘤细胞中同时表达脱氧胞苷激酶(EC:2.7.1.74)、脱氧鸟苷激酶(EC:2.7.1.113)这两种所述靶向酶的RNA或DNA的编码序列。
进一步的,醛酮还原酶为人源醛酮还原酶家族1,更进一步的,优选为所述人源醛酮还原酶为人源醛酮还原酶家族1成员C3(AKR1C3)。
AKR1C3酶的RNA的编码序列如SEQ ID No.1所示;人源醛酮还原酶的氨基酸编码序列如SEQ ID No.2所示。
特别地,当该重组溶瘤病毒的基因组中整合有能够在肿瘤细胞中表达人源醛酮还原酶家族1成员C3的RNA或DNA的编码序列时,所述抗肿瘤前药选自下式(1)、(2)、(3)、(4)、(5)、(6)、(7)的化合物或其盐、酯、溶剂合物、同位素异构体:
其中,X、Y、Z、R、T、A以及X
10的定义如专利申请PCT/US2016/021581,公开号WO2016145092A1(对应中国申请号CN201680015078.8,公开号CN107530556A)中的权利要求书所记载;
其中,R
1、R
2、R
3、R
4、R
5、R
8、R
9、R
10的定义如专利申请PCT/CN2020/089692,公开号WO2020228685A1(对应中国申请号CN202080035889.0,公开号CN113853379A)中的权利要求书所记载;
其中:
A是取代或未经取代的C6-C10的芳基、联芳基或取代的联芳基、5-15元的杂芳基或-N=CR
1R
2,其中取代时的取代基选自由以下组成的群:卤基、-CN、-NO
2、–O-(CH
2)-O-、-CO
2H及其盐、-OR
100、-CO
2R
100、-CONR
101R
102、-NR
101R
102、-NR
100SO
2R
100、-SO
2R
100、-SO
2NR
101R
102、C1-C6烷基、C3-C10杂环基;
其中,R
100、R
101及R
102各自独立是氢、C1-C8烷基、C6-C12芳基;或R
101及R
102与其附接至的氮原子一起形成5-7元杂环;
其中烷基及芳基各自是经1-3个卤基或1-3个C1-C6烷基取代;
R
1及R
2各自独立是苯基或甲基;
X、Y及Z各自独立是氢或卤基;
R是氢或C1-C6烷基或卤素取代烷基;
其中,Rw的定义如专利申请PCT/CN2020/120281,公开号WO2021068952A1中的权利要求书所记载;
其中,A、E、G、X、Y的定义如专利申请PCT/NZ2019/050030,公开号WO2019190331A1(对应中国申请号CN201980023423.6,公开号CN111918864A)中的权利要求书所记载;
其中,
n、H、Z、R
1、R
2a、R
2b、R
3、R
4、R
5的定义如专利申请PCT/IB2020/057285,公开号WO2021005586A1(对应中国申请号CN202080053804.1,公开号CN114206870A)中的权利要求书所记载。
特别地,式(1)的抗肿瘤前药选自以下结构化合物:
式(2)的抗肿瘤前药选自以下结构化合物:
式(3)的抗肿瘤前药选自以下结构化合物:
式(4)的抗肿瘤前药选自以下结构化合物:
以及
及
式(5)的抗肿瘤前药选自以下结构化合物:
式(6)的抗肿瘤前药选自以下结构化合物:
式(7)的抗肿瘤前药选自以下结构化合物:
重组溶瘤病毒选自具有溶瘤作用的腺病毒、痘病毒、单纯疱疹病毒、麻疹病毒、塞姆利基森林病毒、水疱性口炎病毒、脊髓灰质炎病毒、逆转录病毒、呼肠孤病毒、塞内卡谷病毒、埃可型肠道病毒、柯萨奇病毒、新城疫病毒和马拉巴病毒。
本发明所述的溶瘤病毒包括具有溶瘤作用的经基因突变的病毒和具有溶瘤作用的野生型病毒。
所述具有溶瘤作用的经基因突变的病毒包括选自:腺病毒(adenovirus)、痘病毒(也称痘苗病毒vacciniavirus)、单纯疱疹病毒(herpes simplex virus,HSV)、麻疹病毒(measles virus)、塞姆利基森林病毒(Semliki Forest virus)、水疱性口炎病毒(vesicular stomatitis virus)、脊髓灰质炎病毒(poliovirus)和逆转录病毒(retrovirus)。
所述具有溶瘤作用的野生型病毒选自:呼肠孤病毒(reovirus)、水疱性口炎病毒(vesicular stomatitis virus)、脊髓灰质炎病毒、塞内卡谷病毒(SenecaValley Virus)、埃可型肠道病毒(echo enterovirus)、柯萨奇病毒(Coxsackie virus)、新城疫病毒(Newcastle disease virus)和马拉巴病毒(maraba virus)。
所述腺病毒选自:人5型腺病毒或人嵌合型腺病毒;具体包括(例如):Onyx-015(可得自Onyx Pharmaceuticals公司)、H101(可得自上海三维生物技术有限公司)、Ad5-yCD/mutTKSR39rep-hIL12(可得自Henry Ford Health System公司)、CG0070(可得自Cold Genesys公司)、DNX-2401(可得自DNAtrix公司)、OBP-301(可得自Oncolys BioPharma公司)、ONCOS-102(可得自Targovax Oy公司/Oncos Therapeutics公司)、ColoAd1(可得自PsiOxus Therapeutics公司)、VCN-01(可得自VCN Biosciences公司)、ProstAtakTM(可得自Advantagene公司)等。
所述痘病毒选自:Pexa-vac(可得自Jennerex Biotherapeutics公司)、JX-963(可得自Jennerex Biotherapeutics公司)、JX-929(可得自Jennerex Biotherapeutics公司)、VSC20(制备方法可参见科技文献:“McCart,JA,et al.Systemic cancer therapy with a tumor-selective vaccinia virus mutant lacking thymidine kinase and vaccinia growth factor genes.Cancer Res(2001)61:875
所述单纯疱疹病毒包括(但不限于):HSV-1、HSV-2型单纯疱疹病毒;具体包括(例如):
(可得自Amgen公司)、G207(可得自Medigene公司)、HF10(可得自Takara Bio公司)、Seprehvir(可得自Virttu Biologics公司)、OrienX010(可得自北京奥源和力生物公司)、NV1020(可得自Catherax公司)等。
本发明还提供所述重组溶瘤病毒在制备用于治疗肿瘤和/或癌症的药物中的应用,优选的,肿瘤、癌症包括肺癌、非小细胞肺癌、肝癌、胰腺癌、胃癌、骨癌、食道癌、乳腺癌、前列腺癌、睾丸癌、结肠癌、卵巢癌、膀胧癌、子宫颈癌、黑色素瘤、鳞状细胞癌、基底细胞癌、腺癌、汗腺癌、皮脂腺癌、乳头状癌、乳头状腺癌、囊性腺癌、囊性癌、髓状癌、支气管癌、骨细胞癌、上皮癌、胆管癌、绒毛膜癌、胚癌、精原细胞癌、维尔姆斯癌、胶质细胞癌、星形细胞瘤、成神经管细胞瘤、颅咽管瘤、室管膜瘤、松果体瘤、成血细胞瘤、声带神经瘤、脑膜瘤、成神经细胞瘤、成视神经细胞瘤、成视网膜细胞瘤、神经纤维瘤、纤维肉瘤、成纤维细胞瘤、纤维瘤、纤维腺瘤、纤维软骨瘤、纤维囊瘤、纤维粘液瘤、纤维骨瘤、纤维粘液肉瘤、纤维乳头状瘤、粘液肉瘤、粘液囊瘤、粘液软骨瘤、粘液软骨肉瘤、粘液软骨纤维肉瘤、粘液腺瘤、 成粘液细胞瘤、脂肉瘤、脂肪瘤、脂肪腺瘤、成脂细胞瘤、脂肪软骨瘤、脂肪纤维瘤、脂肪血管瘤、粘液脂瘤、软骨肉瘤、软骨瘤、软骨肌瘤、脊索瘤、绒毛膜腺瘤、绒毛上皮瘤、成绒毛膜细胞瘤、骨肉瘤、成骨细胞瘤、骨软骨纤维瘤、骨软骨肉瘤、骨软骨瘤、骨囊瘤、骨牙质瘤、骨纤维瘤、骨纤维肉瘤、血管肉瘤、血管瘤、血管脂肪瘤、血管软骨瘤、成血管细胞瘤、血管角质瘤、血管神经胶质瘤、血管内皮瘤、血管纤维瘤、血管肌瘤、血管脂肪瘤、血管淋巴管瘤、血管脂肪平滑肌瘤、血管肌脂瘤、血管肌神经瘤、血管粘液瘤、血管网状内皮瘤、淋巴管肉瘤、淋巴肉芽瘤、淋巴管瘤、淋巴瘤、淋巴粘液瘤、淋巴肉瘤、淋巴管纤维瘤、淋巴细胞瘤、淋巴上皮瘤、成淋巴细胞瘤、内皮瘤、成内皮细胞瘤、滑膜瘤、滑膜肉瘤、间皮瘤、结缔组织瘤、尤因瘤、平滑肌瘤、平滑肌肉瘤、成平滑肌瘤、平滑肌纤维瘤、横纹肌瘤、横纹肌肉瘤、横纹肌粘液瘤、急性淋巴白血病、急性骨髓性白血病、慢性病贫血、红细胞增多症、淋巴瘤、子宫内膜癌、胶质瘤、结直肠癌、甲状腺癌、尿路上皮癌或多发性骨髓瘤。
由于上述靶向酶激活的抗肿瘤前药对应的活性代谢物都是细胞毒性的化合物,一般而言根据药物的来源和化学结构,分为烷化剂、抗代谢药、抗癌抗生素、植物类药物等,而根据药物对细胞增殖动力学的影响的不同分为细胞周期特异性药物和细胞周期非特异性药物,上述多数烷化剂及抗癌抗生素均为细胞周期非特异性药物,而大部分抗代谢和植物抗癌药均为细胞周期特异性药物,他们均能广谱的抑制癌细胞的增殖。
但由于各种不同癌细胞内,对于靶向酶的表达水平不同,因此不同靶向酶激活的前药对于不同的肿瘤或癌症可能具有不同的效果。以AKR1C3激活的抗肿瘤前药AST-3424为例,不同的肿瘤组织内AKR1C3的表达水平有较大的差异,据文献(Harvey D J,Singleton R S,Dachs G U,et al.The Bioreductive Prodrug PR-104A Is Activated under AerASTc Conditions by Human Aldo-Keto Reductase 1C3[J].Cancer Research,2010,70(4):1573.)统计2700份肿瘤组织样本分析可知,AKR1C3在肝癌、胃癌、食道癌、膀胱癌等具有较高表达,而在小细胞肺癌、乳腺癌、白血病、前列腺癌中具有较低表达。因此,单用AKR1C3激活的抗肿瘤前药AST-3424治疗肝癌、胃癌、食道癌、膀胱癌等AKR1C3具有较高表达的癌症患者可能有较好的效果,而对于小细胞肺癌、乳腺癌、白血病、前列腺癌等AKR1C3具有较低表达的癌症患者应该联用上述重组溶瘤病毒或联用上述整合有AKR1C3酶基因的重组溶瘤病毒具有更好的治疗效果。
还提供一种药物组合物,其中该药物组合物包括作为活性成分的上述重组溶瘤病毒,及可药用辅料。
药用辅料系指生产药品和调配处方时使用的赋形剂和附加剂;是除活性成分以外,在安全性方面已进行了合理的评估,且包含在药物制剂中的物质。药用辅料除了赋形、充当载体、提高稳定性外,还具有增溶、助溶、缓控释等重要功能,是可能会影响到药品的质量、安全性和有效性的重要成分。
对于重组溶瘤病毒而言,多开发为注射给药的剂型,注射给药一般要求等渗、等溶,对应的剂型可以是即用注射液、浓缩注射液或者是冻干粉,由于注射给药的剂型不同,药用辅料的类型也不同。
以中国境内上市的上海三维生物技术有限公司生产的重组人5型腺病毒注射液(Recombinant Human Adenovirus Type 5 Injection,商标名安科瑞)为例,其为乳白色混悬液。根据其申请的中国专利CN1640496A重组腺病毒冻干制剂及制备方法所公开的内容可知:
重组腺病毒冻干制剂是由体积比为重组腺病毒∶保护剂=1∶(0.8-1.2)配制成的水溶液经冷冻干燥后获得的制剂,其中保护剂包含动物胶、糖、无机盐及pH为7.2-8.0氨基酸培养平衡盐。动物胶选自明胶、骨胶或皮胶等;糖选自蔗糖、甘露醇、海藻糖、乳糖、麦芽糖中的一种或多种;无机盐选自氯化钠、氯化钾、磷酸二氢钾、磷酸氢二钠、氯化钙、氯化镁中的一种或多种;氨基酸培养基平衡盐选自市售的基础氨基酸培养基(Dulbecco’ s Modified Eagle Medium,简称D-MEM)平衡盐。
冻干制剂保护剂中采用的动物胶及糖可起到支架作用,若添加海藻糖可提高活病毒制剂的热稳定性;采用的无机盐为调节制剂的pH值及等渗点,以满足生理适应性要求及药物安全、稳定、有效的要求;采用的pH值为7.2-8.0的氨基酸培养基平衡盐为助溶剂,以增加腺病毒的溶解度,增强稳定性。
保护剂中还可添加其他成份:助溶剂如尿素、味精等;抗氧增效剂如L-半胱氨酸等;以进一步提高制剂的稳定性。
保护剂各组份优选的最终重量体积(w/v)浓度为动物胶0.5-2.0%,糖1.5~21.5%,无机盐0.1~12%,氨基酸培养平衡盐0.5~2%。
保护剂优选的配方组成为(w/v)蔗糖1.5-5.5%,甘露醇4.5-10.5%,明胶0.5-2.0%,L-半胱氨酸0.03-0.15%,海藻糖1.5-5.5%,氯化钾0.1-0.3%,磷酸二氢钾0.1-0.3%,PH值为7.2-8.0的基础氨基酸培养基(D-MEM)平衡盐0.5~2%,氯化钠3.5~8.5%,磷酸氢二钠1.2~2.9%,尿素0.4~1.2%,味精0.4~1.2%,其余为电阻率=18.2MΩ/cm的纯水。
上述制剂中使用的保护剂即为药用辅料,其由动物胶、糖、无机盐、氨基酸培养基平衡盐组成,其中动物胶及糖可起到支架作用,无机盐用于调节制剂的pH值及等渗点,氨基酸培养基平衡盐为助溶剂,以增加腺病毒的溶解度,增强稳定性。
本发明提供一种药物组合物,该药物组合物包括重组溶瘤病毒和靶向酶激活的抗肿瘤前药,该重组溶瘤病毒的基因组中整合有能够在肿瘤细胞中表达靶向酶的RNA或DNA的编码序列,靶向酶为能够激活抗肿瘤前药的酶。
该药物组合物有两种类型:重组溶瘤病毒和靶向酶激活的抗肿瘤前药组成复方或重组溶瘤病毒和靶向酶激活的抗肿瘤前药各自单独包装构成药盒。
当重组溶瘤病毒和所述靶向酶激活的抗肿瘤前药各自独立地存在于所述药物组合物中而互不混合即重组溶瘤病毒和靶向酶激活的抗肿瘤前药各自单独包装构成药盒,这种情况类似于在中国市场上市的
(拜耳医药保健有限公司启东分公司,氨酚伪麻美芬片Ⅱ,中国药品批准文号国药准字H10940250,英文名Paracetamol,Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride and Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide Tablets Ⅱ,White and Black)其将以上述重组溶瘤病毒为活性成分的药物(优选为注射给药剂型)和以上述靶向酶激活的抗肿瘤前药为活性成分的药物(优选为注射给药剂型或口服、舌下含服剂型)共同包装在一个药盒中(优选的溶瘤病毒注射液可以使用预灌封注射器分装),并附上给药的说明。
溶瘤病毒通过瘤内注射给药或静脉注射给药,抗肿瘤前药静脉注射给药或口服给药。
而当重组溶瘤病毒和靶向酶激活的抗肿瘤前药组成复方时,可以考虑使用注射给药的方式,将重组溶瘤病毒和靶向酶激活的抗肿瘤前药共同作为药物的活性成分物理混合后通过制剂技术整合为复方注射剂,优选的,复方注射剂可以是乳剂(油包水或水包油)也可以说混悬剂等,通过使用特定的制剂技术使得重组溶瘤病毒进入癌细胞后起效再使得靶向酶激活的抗肿瘤前药进入癌细胞而起效。
本发明还提供一种药物组合物,该药物组合物包括重组溶瘤病毒和靶向酶激活的抗肿瘤前药,该重组溶瘤病毒的基因组中整合有能够在肿瘤细胞中表达靶向酶的RNA或DNA的编码序列,靶向酶为能够激活抗肿瘤前药的酶,肿瘤患者或癌症患者为肿瘤组织或癌细胞的靶向酶表达低的患者。
本发明还提供一种药物组合物,该药物组合物包括重组溶瘤病毒和靶向酶激活的抗肿瘤前药,该重组溶瘤病毒的基因组中整合有能够在肿瘤细胞中表达靶向酶的RNA或DNA的编码序列,靶向酶为能够激活抗肿瘤前药的酶,靶向酶激活的抗肿瘤前药对癌细胞增殖的抑制能力大小与所述靶向酶在肿瘤患者或癌症患者的肿瘤组织内或癌细胞内表达水平高低正相关。
抗肿瘤前药对患者的治疗效果与患者体内的肿瘤组织或癌细胞表达的靶向酶水平高低,靶 向酶催化激活,以及对释放毒素的敏感性密切相关,即当该靶向酶的表达水平高低即该靶向酶在癌细胞内或肿瘤组织内的浓度与催化前药转化为活性药物成分的反应速度正相关的情况下,通过提高靶向酶的表达水平即浓度才能更好的促进该肿瘤前药的抗肿瘤效果,因此当靶向酶激活的抗肿瘤前药对癌细胞增殖的抑制能力大小(癌细胞增殖抑制IC50值)与所述靶向酶在肿瘤患者或癌症患者的肿瘤组织内或癌细胞内表达水平高低(肿瘤组织内或癌细胞内含有的靶向酶含量)呈正相关时,将重组溶瘤病毒和靶向酶激活的抗肿瘤前药联合用药或复方制剂后用药才能取得最优的效果,这种情况下通过提高肿瘤组织或癌细胞表达的靶向酶水平才能更好改善靶向酶在肿瘤组织或癌细胞内表达水平低的患者对该靶向酶激活的抗肿瘤前药的用药响应情况,即对于可能因为靶向酶在肿瘤组织或癌细胞内表达水平低的肿瘤或癌症患者,通过施加重组溶瘤病毒干预来选择性的提高肿瘤组织或癌细胞内靶向酶的表达水平可以改善靶向酶激活的抗肿瘤前药的治疗效果。
申请人对于AKR1C3酶活化的抗肿瘤前药AST-3424对于不同AKR1C3酶表达水平的肿瘤细胞系做了测定研究,结果如下表3/4/5所示。
作为一种优选,在上文列举的部分靶向酶以及靶向酶激活的抗肿瘤前药中,优选出以下的重组溶瘤病毒与靶向酶激活的抗肿瘤前药组合:
由基因组中整合有能够在肿瘤细胞中表达醛酮还原酶1C3(EC:1.1.1.188)的RNA或DNA的编码序列的重组溶瘤病毒与醛酮还原酶1C3(EC:1.1.1.188)激活的抗肿瘤前药进行组合;或
由基因组中整合有能够在肿瘤细胞中表达β-葡萄糖醛酸苷酶(EC:3.2.1.31)的RNA或DNA的编码序列的重组溶瘤病毒与β-葡萄糖醛酸苷酶(EC:3.2.1.31)激活的小分子抗肿瘤前药进行组合;或
由基因组中整合有能够在肿瘤细胞中表达细胞色素P450还原酶(EC:1.6.2.4)的RNA或DNA的编码序列的重组溶瘤病毒与细胞色素P450还原酶(EC:1.6.2.4)激活的抗肿瘤前药进行组合;或
由基因组中整合有能够在肿瘤细胞中表达脱氧胞苷激酶(EC:2.7.1.74)的RNA或DNA的编码序列的重组溶瘤病毒与脱氧胞苷激酶(EC:2.7.1.74)激活的抗肿瘤前药进行组合;或
由基因组中整合有能够在肿瘤细胞中表达胸苷磷酸化酶(EC:2.4.2.4)的RNA或DNA的编码序列的重组溶瘤病毒与胸苷磷酸化酶(EC:2.4.2.4)激活的抗肿瘤前药进行组合;或
由基因组中整合有能够在肿瘤细胞中表达脱氧胞苷激酶(EC:2.7.1.74)、脱氧鸟苷激酶(EC:2.7.1.113)的RNA或DNA的编码序列的重组溶瘤病毒与脱氧胞苷激酶(EC:2.7.1.74)、脱氧鸟苷激酶(EC:2.7.1.113)共同激活的抗肿瘤前药物进行组合。
进一步的,所述醛酮还原酶1C3(EC:1.1.1.188)激活的抗肿瘤前药为小分子抗肿瘤前药,优选为AST-3424;
所述β-葡萄糖醛酸苷酶(EC:3.2.1.31)激活的抗肿瘤前药为小分子抗肿瘤前药,优选为葡磷酰胺;
所述细胞色素P450还原酶(EC:1.6.2.4)激活的抗肿瘤前药为小分子抗肿瘤前药,优选为TH-302;
所述脱氧胞苷激酶(EC:2.7.1.74)激活的抗肿瘤前药为脱氧胞嘧啶激酶激活的小分子抗肿瘤前药,优选为阿糖胞苷、安西他宾、依诺他滨、地西他滨、氟达拉滨、阿扎胞苷、吉西他滨、喷司他丁、克拉屈滨;
所述胸苷磷酸化酶(EC:2.4.2.4)激活的抗肿瘤前药为小分子抗肿瘤前药,优选为卡培他滨;
所述脱氧胞苷激酶(EC:2.7.1.74)、脱氧鸟苷激酶(EC:2.7.1.113)共同激活的抗肿瘤前药为脱氧胞苷激酶(EC:2.7.1.74)、脱氧鸟苷激酶(EC:2.7.1.113)共同激活的小分 子抗肿瘤前药,优选为奈拉滨。
上述抗肿瘤前药前药选择的是上市的药物或经过实验验证的具有广谱抗肿瘤效果的临床试验阶段的药物。
本发明还提供一种治疗肿瘤和/或癌症的方法,对肿瘤和/或癌症患者施用上述的药物组合物,包括依此执行的以下步骤:
对肿瘤和/或癌症患者施用所述的重组溶瘤病毒,该重组溶瘤病毒能够选择性地在肿瘤细胞中复制;
在施用所述重组溶瘤病毒之后的一段时间后,对所述肿瘤和/或癌症患者施用所述靶向酶激活的抗肿瘤前药。
还提供一种施用上述的药物组合物治疗肿瘤和/或癌症的方法,在检查确认该肿瘤患者或癌症患者的肿瘤组织或癌细胞的所述靶向酶的表达水平为低时,依此执行以下步骤:
对肿瘤和/或癌症患者施用所述的重组溶瘤病毒,该重组溶瘤病毒能够选择性地在肿瘤细胞中复制;
在施用所述重组溶瘤病毒之后的一段时间后,对所述肿瘤和/或癌症患者施用所述靶向酶激活的抗肿瘤前药。
本发明还提供一种施用上述的药物组合物治疗肿瘤和/或癌症的方法,在确认该肿瘤患者单用所述靶向酶激活的抗肿瘤前药无效或无响应时,依此执行以下步骤:
对肿瘤和/或癌症患者施用所述重组溶瘤病毒,该重组溶瘤病毒能够选择性地在肿瘤细胞中复制;
在施用所述重组溶瘤病毒之后的一段时间后,对所述肿瘤和/或癌症患者施用所述靶向酶激活的抗肿瘤前药。
显然,本发明对应上述治疗方法还提供了一种制药用途:
重组溶瘤病毒在制备治疗对于单用靶向酶激活的抗肿瘤前药无效或无响应的癌症患者的癌症中的用途;或
重组溶瘤病毒在制备治疗癌症或肿瘤疾病药物的制药用途,该癌症或肿瘤疾病为单用靶向酶激活的抗肿瘤前药无效或无响应的癌症。
为此,本发明提供一种用于治疗肿瘤和/或癌症的具有协同作用的联合药物的药盒,其包括:
上述包括重组溶瘤病毒和所述靶向酶激活的抗肿瘤前药的药物组合物;以及
载明给药时机和给药方式的说明书,
其中所述重组溶瘤病毒和所述靶向酶激活的抗肿瘤前药各自独立地由容器包装。
图1为AST-342对不同肝细胞的抑制率IC
50值与该肝细胞中AKR1C3蛋白水平的相关性示意图;
图2为AST-3424对不同AKR1C3表达水平的癌细胞系的抗癌活性相关性图,其中,图2a为AST-3424对6种B-ALL细胞系的细胞毒性的量效曲线;图2b为AST-3424对7种T-ALL细胞系的细胞毒性的量效曲线;图2c为在AST-3424的浓度10nmol/L下,AKR1C3蛋白表达与18种ALL PDX的体外细胞存活率的相关性曲线(显著负相关,r=-0.53,P=0.023);图2d为在AST-3424的浓度100nmol/L下,AKR1C3蛋白表达与18种ALL PDX的体外细胞存活率的相关曲线(显著负相关,r=-0.56,P=0.015);
图3为FV184载体(病毒质粒)DNA信息及图谱示意图;
图4为OVAD-hAKR1C3-3Flag-OE质粒电泳结果:左侧为质粒电泳结果图,其中17字符下对应的是OVAD-hAKR1C3-3Flag-OE质粒,M字符下对应的是Marker蛋白,右侧为Marker的标尺示意图;
图5为溶瘤病毒在感染HEK293细胞后不同时间的荧光和明场显微照片,左上图为第一天(24小时)后在明场条件下500倍放大拍摄的显微照片,右上图为第一天(24小时)后在荧光条件下500倍放大拍摄的显微照片,左下图为第二天(48小时)后在明场条件下500倍放大拍摄的显微照片,右上图为第二天(48小时)后在荧光条件下500倍放大拍摄的显微照片;
图6为免疫印迹结果示意图,左图为Marker蛋白的电泳结果,M表示Marker蛋白,中图为FLAG标签抗体作为对照的免疫印迹电泳结果,右图为Actin作为对照的免疫印迹电泳结果,其中,1为Hacat CON为对照细胞样本,2为HepG2CON对照细胞样本,3为1μL OVAD-hAKR1C3-3Flag-OE,感染Hacat细胞后蛋白样本,4为1μL OVAD-hAKR1C3-3Flag-OE,感染HepG2细胞后蛋白样本,M表示蛋白Marker的电泳结果;
图7为目的蛋白AKR1C3与Actin比较后的相对含量;
图8为溶瘤病毒疗法的多个正在进行中的临床试验表格。
以下参照具体的实施例来说明本发明。本领域技术人员能够理解,这些实施例仅用于说明本发明,其不以任何方式限制本发明的范围。
下述实施例中的实验方法,如无特殊说明,均为常规方法。所用的药材原料、试剂材料等,如无特殊说明,均为市售购买产品。
“患者”及“个体”可互换使用,是指需要癌症治疗的哺乳动物。通常,患者是人类。通常,患者是诊断患有癌症的人类。在某些实施例中,“患者”或“个体”可指用于筛选、表征及评估药物及疗法的非人类哺乳动物,例如非人类灵长类动物、狗、猫、兔、猪、小鼠或大鼠。
“前药”是指投与或施用之后经新陈代谢或以其他方式转化为关于至少一种性质的生物学活性或活性更高的化合物(或药物)的化合物。相对于药物,前药以使其相对于药物活性较低或无活性的方式化学修饰,但化学修饰使得在前药投与之后通过代谢或其他生物过程产生相应药物。前药可相对于活性药物具有改变的代谢稳定性或输送特征、较少副作用或较低毒性或经改良的风味。前药可使用除相应药物以外的反应物来合成。
“实体肿瘤”是指包括(但不限于)骨、脑、肝、肺、淋巴结、胰脏、前列腺、皮肤及软组织(肉瘤)中的转移肿瘤的实体肿瘤。
药物的“治疗有效量”是指当向患有癌症的患者投与或施用时,将具有预期的治疗效应(例如患者中一或多种癌症的临床表现的缓和、改善、缓解或消除)的药物的量。治疗效应不必通过投与或施用一个剂量而出现,且可仅在投与或施用一系列剂量后出现。因此,治疗有效量可以一或多次来投与或施用。
病况或患者的“治疗”是指采取步骤以获得有益或期望结果(包括临床结果)。出于本发明的目的,有益或期望临床结果包括(但不限于)一或多种癌症症状的缓和或改善;疾病程度的减弱;疾病进展的延迟或减缓;疾病状态的改善、缓解或稳定;或其他有益结果。在一些情形下,癌症的治疗可使得部分反应或稳定疾病。
“肿瘤细胞”是指任何适当物种(例如,哺乳动物,例如鼠类、犬、猫、马或人类)的肿瘤细胞。
以上对本发明具体实施方式的描述并不限制本发明,本领域技术人员可以根据本发明作出各种改变或变形,只要不脱离本发明的精神,均应属于本发明所附权利要求的范围。
实验部分
实施例1
本实施例在于说明AKR1C3酶的表达水平与IC
50值的相关性。
实施例1-1在肝癌细胞系,AKR1C3蛋白水平与IC
50值的相关性。
1.试验材料和方法
1.1细胞系
所有人类癌细胞系均来自美国典型培养物保藏中心(ATCC,Manassas,VA)或日本研究生物资源保藏中心(JCRB,日本大阪)或CASToer Biosciences(南京,中国)。
1.2体外增殖测定方法
接种指数生长的细胞,24小时后,加入测试化合物AST-3424。加入测试化合物AST-3424后,将板在标准组织培养箱中于37℃下孵育指定的小时。试验结束时,使用CellTiter Glo(CTG)测定试剂盒。使用XLfit(IDBS,Boston,MA)或Prism 6(GraphPad,San Diego,CA)计算相对于未经处理的对照导致50%生长抑制的药物浓度(IC
50)。
1.3免疫印迹法
制备人细胞提取物并测定蛋白质浓度。使用识别人AKR1C3和微管蛋白或β-肌动蛋白的抗体检测蛋白质。使用Odyssey激光成像系统和软件(LI-COR Biosciences,Lincoln,NE)对AKR1C3和微管蛋白或β-肌动蛋白的条带密度进行扫描和定量,并计算了AKR1C3对微管蛋白或β-肌动蛋白的比例。
2.试验结果
分别将肝癌细胞系暴露于化合物AST-342496h后,使用体外增殖测定方法测定了IC
50值,并使用免疫印迹法测定了肝癌细胞系中AKR1C3蛋白的表达(微管蛋白用作上样对照),结果如表3所示。
表3:AST-3424暴露96小时后,对一组人类肝癌细胞系的细胞毒性测定结果
如表3所示,在蛋白质水平都具有高AKR1C3表达的肝癌细胞系对AST-3424的敏感性更强,其中IC
50值处于低纳摩尔范围内。另一方面,表达低AKR1C3的细胞对AST-3424的敏感性较低,其中IC
50值高于1000nM。肝细胞中3424IC
50与AKR1C3蛋白水平有高度相关性(R
2=0.71,图1),这些结果表明,在肝细胞系中3424介导的细胞毒性与AKR1C3表达水平呈高度正相关。
实施例1-2在白血病细胞系中,AKR1C3蛋白水平与IC
50值的相关性
1.试验材料和方法
1.1体外研究中的细胞系
所有细胞系均购自HD Biosciences。所有实验工作均是在各自的机构审查委员会和每个机构的动物道德委员会的批准下进行的,使用人类相关组织样本均符合实验所在地的伦理和相关法律规定。实验使用了先前在20–25g雌性非肥胖/SCID(NOD.CB17-Prkdcscid/SzJ,NOD/SCID)或NOD/SCID/IL2受体γ–阴性(NOD.Cg-Prkdc
scid Il2rg
tm1Wjl/SzJAusb,NSG)中建立的连续PDX,如别处所述(Lock RB,Liem N,Farnsworth ML,Milross CG,Xue C,Tajbakhsh M,et al.The nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient(NOD/SCID)mouse model of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia reveals intrinsic differences in biologic characteristics at diagnosis and relapse.Blood 2002;99:4100–8.)。慢病毒转导的 ALL-11 PDX的开发[空载体(EV)和AKR1C3过表达]已在之前描述(Jamieson SM,Gu Y,Manesh DM,El-Hoss J,Jing D,Mackenzie KL,et al.A novel fluorometric assay for aldo-keto reductase 1C3 predicts metabolic activation of the nitrogen mustard prodrug PR-104A in human leukaemia cells.Biochem Pharmacol 2014;88:36–45.)。
1.2体外细胞毒性试验
白血病细胞系悬浮在补充有FBS(Biosera)的RPMI培养基中,而ALL PDX细胞在补充有Flt-3配体(20ng/mL,BioNovus Life Sciences)或IL7(10–20ng/mL,Jomar Life Research)的QBSF培养基(Quality Biological Inc,)中培养。根据最佳细胞密度接种细胞,并孵育3小时或过夜(37℃,5%CO
2)。PDX细胞和白血病细胞系用AST-3424(10mmol/L–1pmol/L)或媒介物对照分别处理48或72小时。使用Cell Titer-Glo发光细胞活力测定法(Promega)确定活力。半最大抑制浓度(IC
50)通过GraphPad Prism 7软件计算非线性回归曲线的插值。
1.3免疫印迹法
将冷冻保存的白血病细胞解冻,并在RIPA裂解缓冲液中裂解,并通过BCA测定法定量蛋白质浓度。每个样品均在NuPAGE 4-12%Bis-Tris蛋白凝胶中上样20μg蛋白质裂解物,然后在120V下电泳,并在30V下转移至聚偏二氟乙烯膜上1h。用小鼠抗AKR1C3(#A6229,Sigma-Aldrich,St.Louis,MO)或兔抗肌动蛋白一抗(#A2066,Sigma-Aldrich),然后分别用辣根过氧化物酶结合的抗小鼠或抗兔IgG二抗(GE Healthcare,Buckingham,UK)探测膜。ImmASTlon Western化学发光HRP底物(Merck Millipore,Billerica,MA)用于通过定量BioRad Chemidoc触摸成像系统中的信号来检测结合的二抗。
2.试验结果
AKR1C3相关的AST-3424的体外细胞毒性在9种T-ALL细胞系、一种用粒细胞集落刺激因子转染的B-ALL细胞系和一种BCP-ALL细胞系。AKR1C3蛋白的表达水平使用免疫印迹分析法测定。使用CellTiter-Glo分析法测定AST-3424的体外细胞毒性,计算为50%最大抑制浓度(IC
50)。
AST-3424显示的体外细胞毒性中,在6种表达高(强)水平AKR1C3的细胞系中IC
50的范围为3.0-30.0nM。对于具有中等AKR1C3表达水平的细胞系,IC
50范围为3.0-84.0nM(表4)。
表4:在ALL细胞系中,AST-3424的AKR1C3依赖性体外细胞毒性测定结果
注:G-CSF=粒细胞集落刺激因子;BCP-ALL=B细胞前体ALL
为了评估AST-3424的潜在抗白血病活性,在多种白血病细胞系上进行了体外细胞毒性测定。证明了,AST-3424可治疗T-ALL、B-ALL、急性髓性白血病、急性早幼粒细胞白血病(APL)和红白血病。AST-3424显示出有效的细胞毒性,特别针对衍生自高AKR1C3表达的T-ALL(T系急性淋巴细胞白血病)的细胞系,其中IC
50值在低nmol/L范围内(参见表5)。细胞系之 间IC
50值的差异具有高/中等AKR1C3表达和低表达表达具有统计学意义(P=0.0016)。
表5:AST-3424暴露于白血病细胞系中72小时后,对白血病细胞系的体外细胞毒性
AKR1C3表达通过免疫印迹法评估,并相对于对照β-微管蛋白表达。高,AKR1C3/β-微管蛋白>5.0;中等,AKR1C3/β-微管蛋白2.0-5.0;低,AKR1C3/β-微管蛋白<2.0。
与白血病细胞系获得的结果相似,AST-3424对所有白血病细胞系发挥了有效的细胞杀伤作用。图2a中给出了AST-3424对6种B-ALL细胞系的细胞毒性,图2b中给出了AST-3424对7种T-ALL细胞系的细胞毒性。由图2a和图2b可以看出,AST-3424的AKR1C3依赖性激活为DNA烷基化试剂。此外,参见图2c,在AST-3424的浓度为10nmol/L下,AKR1C3蛋白表达显示与18种ALL PDX的体外细胞存活率显著负相关(r=-0.53,P=0.023);同样地,参见图2d,在AST-3424的浓度为100nmol/L下,AKR1C3蛋白表达显示与18种ALL PDX的体外细胞存活率显著负相关(r=-0.56,P=0.015)。
实施例2
本实验将以人AKR1C3(hAKR1C3)基因组合进入溶瘤腺病毒得到重组溶瘤腺病毒以及AKR1C3酶活化的抗癌药物AST-3424为例来进行具体实验验证。
以下生物基因相关实验的所有术语、缩写除明确解释外均按照分子生物学、生物化学领域的教科书或实验手册的理解、说明为准。
5x、10x表示5倍、10倍稀释,其余依此类推。
ddH
2O,双蒸水。
第一部分:将hAKR1C3基因构建在溶瘤病毒质粒上得到整合有hAKR1C3基因的重组溶瘤腺病毒OVAD-hAKR1C3-3Flag-OE
1.实验材料和方法
1.1整合有hAKRC3目的基因的溶瘤病毒质粒的构建
使用常规的方法将pLenti6.3-CMV-MSC慢病毒载体与已知的hAKR1C3基因序列连接得到pLenti6.3-CMV-MSC-hAKR1C3慢病毒载体质粒,将该质粒上的人源AKR1C3基因(hAKR1C3基因,NM_003739.6)的CDS序列作为模板,使用PCR扩增法获取目的基因序列,然后利用无缝克隆法,将PCR扩增的目的片段构建到溶瘤病毒载体PV184上(图1)。溶瘤病毒载体包括以下DNA原件,hTERT-455-E1A-IRES-E1B-mCMV-MCS-3Flag-SV40-EGFP,其上带有FLAG标签,用于后续免疫印迹检测hAKR1C3过表达蛋白,当FLAG标签蛋白被检测到有表达时,对应的,hAKR1C3蛋白也相应被表达。该溶瘤病毒是以5型腺病毒为基础改造而来,E1区基因被条件性启动,E3基因被缺失或被修饰,它对分裂期细胞和非分裂期细胞均具有感染能力,它通过受体介导的内吞作用进入细胞内,然后将溶瘤腺病毒基因组转移至细胞核内,保持在染色体外,不整合进入宿主细胞基因组中。可以在HEK293细胞及一些肿瘤细胞内进行复制扩增,是较为安全的基因治疗载体。EGFP是一种绿色荧光蛋白对应的基因序列,可用于在感染癌细胞后表达EGFP蛋白而显示荧光。
1.2溶瘤病毒载体PV184信息
图3显示了FV184载体(溶瘤腺病毒质粒)信息及图谱。
载体大小:8.9kb;原核抗性:AmpR;筛选标记:EGFP;框架结构:hTERT-455-E1A-IRES-E1B-mCMV-MCS-3Flag-SV40-EGFP;MCS区正向测序引物:5'-GGTATAAGAGGCGCGACCAG-3';MCS区反向测序引物:5'-TTCCACACCCTAACTGACAC-3';常用酶切位点:SalI、BamHI、AgeI。
1.3 AKR1C3基因(序列)信息
所有信息均来自NCBI网站:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/。
基因名称:AKR1C3aldo-keto reductase family 1member C3[Homo sapiens(human)]
Gene ID:8644
转录本信息:NM_003739.6
基因大小:969bp
基因CDS区序列即hAKR1C3的DNA基因序列如SEQ ID No.1所示;对应的氨基酸序列,即hAKR1C3的氨基酸序列为如SEQ ID No.2所示。
1.4实验材料及实验设备:
表6:实验相关试剂
实验所使用的设备均为常规市售设备、仪器。
1.5 PCR扩增引物信息:
上游引物(即SEQ ID No.3):cgactctagaggatccgccaccatggattccaaacaccagtgtgtaaag
下游引物(即SEQ ID No.4):tgtagtccataccggtatattcatctgaatatggataattagggtggctag
双酶切位点:5’BamHI,3’AgeI
1.6 PCR扩增hAKR1C3目的基因实验方法:
表7:PCR反应体系
表8:PCR反应条件
1.7溶瘤病毒载体PV184双酶切处理:
表9:酶切体系配制
名称 | 加入量 |
载体质粒 | 1μg |
BamHI | 0.5μL |
AgeI | 0.5μL |
10x Buffer | 1μL |
Total | ddH 2O补齐至20μL |
酶切反应条件37℃/30min。
完成酶切反应的体系加至上样孔中进行电泳,电泳条件220V/30min。电泳结束后,将胶块放置在切胶台上,切下目的片段放入已灭菌1.5mL EP管中。按照TIANGEN普通琼脂糖凝胶DNA回收试剂盒说明书进行DNA回收,回收后的DNA测定其浓度及260/280值,储存于-20℃ 备用。
1.8溶瘤病毒载体PV184和hAKR1C3目的片段连接:
本实验采用无缝克隆法连接溶瘤病毒载体和目的基因片段。无缝克隆法又称交换重组克隆法,其区别于传统PCR产物克隆(TA克隆),载体末端和PCR引物末端应具有15-20个同源碱基,由此得到的PCR产物两端便分别带上了15-20个与载体序列同源性的碱基,依靠碱基间作用力互补配对成环,在重组酶Exnase的作用下将缺口修复,形成闭环质粒,构建OVAD-h AKR1C3-3Flag-OE溶瘤病毒质粒(Wu N,Ming X,Xiao J,et al.TBX6null variants and a common hypomorphic allele in congenital scoliosis.N Engl Med.2015,372(4):341-50)。
质粒使用量计算:目的基因回收产物大小(1000bp)x0.04(ng);线性化载体大小(8900bp)x0.02(ng)(根据具体的产物浓度换算成使用体积)。
表10:无缝克隆链接体系
1.9连接产物转化、涂板及单克隆鉴定:
连接产物转化到TOP10感受态大肠杆菌中,均匀涂于带有氨苄抗性的LB培养平板上,并将平板倒扣置于37℃细菌培养箱培养过夜。从上述平板中挑取单克隆菌落,于LB液体培养基中培养,并进行质粒提取。质粒测序鉴定,将测序结果与目的基因序列进行比对鉴定。结果显示,测序结果与目的基因的DNA序列完全一致,表明OVAD-hAKR1C3-3Flag-OE质粒(即整合有hAKR1C3的病毒质粒)构建成功(图2)。
测序序列拼接结果如SEQ ID No.5所示。其中,第1032~1104位为3Flag DNA基因,其具体序列如SEQ ID No.6所示。
由此可知,上述实验已经将hAKR1C3基因构建在溶瘤病毒质粒上得到整合有hAKR1C3基因的重组溶瘤腺病毒OVAD-hAKR1C3-3Flag-OE。
第二部分:验证整合有hAKR1C3基因的重组溶瘤腺病毒能成功侵染癌细胞并表达人AKR1C3(hAKR1C3)酶蛋白
1.溶瘤病毒OVAD-hAKR1C3-3Flag-OE的制备
1.1实验材料和方法
溶瘤病毒包装细胞HEK293(ATCC,cat#CRL-1573),为贴壁依赖性上皮样细胞,生长培养基为含10%FBS的DMEM培养基。该细胞中包含并表达溶瘤病毒启动复制的E1区域,以大量扩增溶瘤病毒。
表11:溶瘤病毒包装实验相关试剂
1.2溶瘤病毒的包装
1.2.1溶瘤病毒质粒转染
1)转染前24h,用0.25%胰蛋白酶消化对数生长期的HEK293细胞,以含10%FBS的DMEM培养基调整细胞密度为达30%~40%,重新接种于细胞培养瓶中,37℃、5%CO
2培养箱内培养。24h左右待细胞密度达到50%~60%时用于转染。
2)转染前2h将细胞培养基更换为无血清OMEM培养基。
3)向一灭菌1.5ml离心管中加入所制备的DNA质粒(OVAD-hAKR1C3-3Flag-OE质粒5μg和病毒基因组载体质粒5μg)与OMEM混合均匀,调整总体积为50μL,在室温下温育5min。
4)将Lipofectamine 2000试剂轻柔摇匀,取10μL Lipofectamine 2000试剂在另一管中与50μL OMEM混合,在室温下温育5min。
5)把稀释后的DNA与稀释后的Lipofectamine 2000进行混合,轻轻地颠倒混匀,不要振荡。
6)混合后,在室温下温育20min,以便形成DNA与Lipofectamine 2000稀释液的转染复合物。将DNA与Lipofectamine 2000混合液转移至HEK293细胞的培养液中,混匀,于37℃,5%CO
2细胞培养箱中培养。
7)培养6h~8h后换液,每瓶细胞中加入含10%血清的细胞培养基5ml,于37℃、5%CO
2培养箱内继续培养。
8)每天观察转染后细胞生长状况,若细胞培养基明显变黄,酌情补加适量的新鲜全培养液。
9)转染后大约10~15天时,HEK293细胞开始脱壁,部分细胞出现细胞病变(cytopathic effect,CPE)。
1.2.2重组溶瘤病毒的收集
待大部分细胞出现典型的CPE,且有50%的细胞脱壁,低速离心收集细胞并重悬于2ml DMEM中,-70℃/37℃反复冻融、振荡3次,于4℃,7000g离心5min,收集病毒上清于-70℃保存。
1.3溶瘤病毒的扩增
1.3.1第一轮扩增
将1个T25细胞培养瓶中生长状态良好的HEK293细胞4倍稀释后传入另1个T25细胞培养瓶中,以含10%FBS的DMEM培养液在37℃,5%CO
2下培养(以下扩增中均使用此条件培养细胞)。待细胞达到60%汇合时,弃去旧培养液,向培养瓶中加入OVAD-hAKR1C3-3Flag-OE病毒重组成功后收获的粗提液2mL,将培养瓶置于细胞培养箱中孵育90min,最后再向培养瓶中补加完全培养液3mL并继续培养。待大部分细胞出现典型的CPE,且有50%的细胞脱壁时,低速离心收集细胞并重悬于2mL DMEM中,-70℃/37℃反复冻融、振荡3次,于4℃,7000g离心5min,收集病毒上清于-70℃保存。
1.3.2第二轮扩增
将1个T25细胞培养瓶中生长状态良好的HEK293细胞全部传入1个T75细胞培养瓶中,以完全培养基继续培养。待细胞达到90%汇合时,弃去旧培养液,向培养瓶中加入第1轮扩增所得的病毒液2mL,将培养瓶置于细胞培养箱中孵育90min,最后再向培养瓶中补加完全培养液10mL并继续培养。待大部分细胞出现典型的CPE,且有50%的细胞脱壁时,低速离心收 集细胞并重悬于10ml DMEM中,-70℃/37℃反复冻融、振荡3次,于4℃,7000g离心5min,收集病毒上清于-70℃保存。
图5显示了溶瘤病毒在感染HEK293细胞后不同时间的荧光和明场显微照片。如图5所示,观察可知,在荧光环境下,HEK293细胞发出荧光,对比可知在48小时后,病毒DNA得到了复制并表达EFGP荧光蛋白。
1.4溶瘤病毒的纯化
第2轮扩增后的病毒液,经超滤浓缩柱浓缩后,等体积分装至1.5mL离心管,保存于-70℃。
1.5溶瘤病毒的滴度测定
1.5.1溶瘤病毒滴度测定:终点稀释法
1)在实验前24h,向96孔板的每一个孔加入100μl HEK293细胞悬液,约含1x10
3个细胞。
2)准备12个无菌的1.5mL离心管,在第一个离心管中加入990μl的完全培养液,其余的11个管中各加入900μL的完全培养液。
3)待测病毒液的稀释:取10Ll溶瘤病毒原液加入990μL的Ep管中做1:100稀释(1E-2);然后以此为起点,再取100μL稀释液加入到900μL的Ep管中做1:10稀释(1E-3),依次稀释,直至稀释到(1E-13)。
4)从孵箱中取出96孔板,在显微镜下确定每孔的细胞均生长良好。吸弃旧培养液,然后依次将1E-61至E-13稀释的病毒液加入96孔板中,每一稀释度占用一行,每一行的第1-10孔每孔加入90μL病毒稀释液,而每一行的第11-12孔均加入90μL不含病毒的完全培养基作为对照(以CON表示)。
5)将96孔板置于37℃、5%CO
2细胞培养箱中继续培养。
6)第10天观察细胞病变现象,并对CPE孔进行计数,计算每一行的阳性率,计算病毒滴度(Spearman-Karber Method)(Darling AJ,Boose JA,Spaltro J.Virus assay methods:accuracy and validation.Biologicals.1998Jun;26(2):105-10)):
病毒滴度=10
(x+0.8)(PFU/ml)
x=1E-1到1E-13依次稀释度下CPE阳性率总和
公式使用条件:
a.阴性对照没有CPE和生长抑制现象;
b.加入最小稀释浓度病毒粗提液的孔均有CPE。
根据计算结果显示,病毒滴度=1E+10(PFU/mL)。
图12:溶瘤病毒滴度检测数据示意图
稀释度 | 板 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
1E-6 | A | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | - | CON |
1E-7 | B | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | - | CON |
1E-8 | C | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | - | CON |
1E-9 | D | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | - | CON |
1E-10 | E | - | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | + | - | - | CON |
1E-11 | F | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | CON |
1E-12 | G | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | CON |
1E-13 | H | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | CON |
1.稀释度1E-6到1E-13;+表示CPE阳性;-表示CPE阴性;
2.由于稀释度为1E-6的孔中CPE均为阳性,所以认为稀释度为1E-1至1E-5的孔中CPE也都为阳性;
3.计算公式:病毒滴度=10
(x+0.8)(PFU/mL)
X为1E-1到1E-13依次稀释度下CPE阳性率总和。
4.本次实验中X=9.2
溶瘤病毒滴度=10
(x+0.8)(PFU/mL)=1E+10(PFU/mL)
1.6溶瘤病毒对正常细胞和肿瘤细胞的侵染及目的蛋白的表达
实验中使用的Hacat和HepG2细胞均由复百澳(苏州)生物科技有限公司提供。Hacat细胞是人类永生化表皮细胞,是非肿瘤来源的人正常皮肤永生化角质形成细胞株,作为实验对照细胞。HepG2细胞为人肝癌细胞,来源于一名15岁白人的肝癌组织,该细胞分泌多种血浆蛋白:清蛋白、α2-巨球蛋白、血纤维蛋白溶酶原、铁传递蛋白等。由于OVAD-hAKR1C3-3Flag-OE溶瘤病毒带有hTERT启动子(人端粒逆转录酶),能够在高表达该蛋白的肿瘤细胞中大量扩增,但在低表达hTERT蛋白的非肿瘤细胞中无法大量复制。因此该实验的目的是检测构建的溶瘤病毒是否能够在肿瘤细胞中大量复制,并导致目的蛋白hAKR1C3的过表达。同时在非肿瘤细胞中,由于溶瘤病毒无法复制,导致目的蛋白hAKR1C3低表达。
1.6.1试剂及仪器
表13:实验相关试剂
试剂名称 | 试剂来源 | cat.No. |
RIPA裂解液 | Solarbio | R0020 |
Protease Inhibitor Tablets | Sigma | S8820 |
BCA蛋白质定量试剂盒 | TIANGEN | FS-0026 |
4x Protein Loading Buffer | Fubio | / |
宽范围彩色预染蛋白质Marker | TIANGEN | MP206 |
溴酚蓝(BromphenolBlue) | Solarbio | B8120 |
十二烷基硫酸钠SDS | 阿拉丁Aladdin | S108347-500g |
丙烯酰胺/甲叉双丙烯酰胺30%溶液(29:1) | 生工生物Sangon Biotech | B546017-0500 |
氯化钾 | 国药Sinoreagent | 10016318 |
氯化钠 | 国药Sinoreagent | 10019318 |
一抗稀释液 | Solarbio | A1810 |
DMEM | biological industry | 06-1055-57-1ACS |
Ampicillin sodium salt | Genview | AA022-25G |
ECL plus超敏发光液 | Solarbio | PE0010-50ml*2 |
Foetal Bovine Serum | biological industry | 04-001-1B |
Penicillin G Sodium | Genview | AP231-10G |
Glycine | Biosharp | BS003B |
Tris | Sangon Biotech | A100826-0500 |
PVDF膜 | Millipore | ISEQ00010 |
甲醇 | 国药Sinoreagent | 10014118 |
NON-Fat Powdered Milk脱脂奶粉 | BBI | NB0669-250g |
FLAG标签抗体 | SIGMA ALDRICH | F1804 |
Actin抗体 | Bioss | AH11286487 |
1.6.2溶瘤病毒侵染细胞的及蛋白样品制备
1)第一天准备HepG2和Hacat细胞,融合度在90%的细胞,消化后在6孔板内培养过夜,每孔铺5ⅹ10
5个。
2)第二天细胞融合度在70%左右,分别加入溶瘤病毒OVAD-hAKR1C3-3Flag-OE 1μL/孔和4μL/孔侵染细胞。
3)第三天观察细胞状态。
4)第四天病毒侵染48h后回收样品。
5)每孔加入蛋白裂解液40μL,置于冰上静置15min(每5min涡旋振荡30s),12000g离心2min。
6)BCA法蛋白定量,每孔上样10μg蛋白。
7)蛋白电泳、转膜后,利用FLAG标签抗体和Actin检测目的蛋白和内参的表达。
8)对免疫印迹结果的蛋白条带进行灰度分析,电泳结果如图6所示。
9)灰度值进行计算并做统计分析:根据表10中的灰度值,Flag的灰度值除以Actin的灰度值,以校正误差,所得结果代表样品的目的蛋白相对含量,即单位Actin所表达的Flag数值,具体如图7所示。
表10:蛋白条带灰度分析原始数据
溶瘤病毒分别感染非肿瘤细胞Hacat和肿瘤细胞HepG2,侵染48小时后检测Flag标签蛋白表达量,从而相对确认溶瘤病毒中hAKR1C3基因在细胞内的表达量。结果显示,未侵染溶瘤病毒的对照细胞Hacat和HepG2中未检测到Flag蛋白表达;当感染体积为1μL时,溶瘤病毒在肿瘤细胞HepG2中的表达明显高于非肿瘤细胞Hacat(4.8倍)(图6,图7和表10)。
第三部分:验证对于AKR1C3(hAKR1C3)酶表达低的癌细胞或肿瘤,整合有hAKR1C3基因的重组溶瘤腺病毒与AKR1C3酶活化的抗癌药物AST-3424联用可以提高AST-3424或溶瘤病毒单用抑制癌细胞或肿瘤增殖的效果
在联合硝基还原酶激活前药PR-104与插入了硝基还原酶基因片段的溶瘤病毒ONYX-411
NTR的研究中(Singleton,D.C.,Mowday,A.M.,Guise,C.P.et al.Bioreductive prodru g PR-104improves the tumour distribution and titre of the nitroreductase-armed o ncolytic adenovirus ONYX-411
NTR leading to therapeutic benefit.Cancer Gene Ther(2021).https://doi.org/10.1038/s41417-021-00409-2),通过将NTR对应的基因插入到O NYX中使得癌细胞能够表达硝基还原酶。再将硝基还原酶激活前药PR-104与插入了硝基还原酶基因片段的溶瘤病毒ONYX-411
NTR联用,联用效果优于单独的PR-104和单独的溶瘤病毒ONYX-411。
通过上述研究可知,当溶瘤病毒插入酶蛋白的基因后能在肿瘤细胞中表达目标酶蛋白,那么将特定酶蛋白激活的抗癌前药与溶瘤病毒联用,其抗肿瘤效果强于单独的溶瘤病毒和单独的特定酶蛋白激活的抗癌前药。
本实施例中,插入了AKR1C3基因到溶瘤病毒中,且该溶瘤病毒能在侵染肿瘤细胞HepG2后表达AKR1C3蛋白,因此本领域技术人员能够预测将AKR1C3酶激活的抗癌前药AST-3424与插入了AKR1C3基因的溶瘤病毒联用,其抗肿瘤效果强于单独的溶瘤病毒和单独的AKR1C3酶激活的抗癌前药AST-3424;同样的道理,对于AKR1C3酶表达不高或几乎没有表达的癌症患者, 先施用插入了AKR1C3基因溶瘤病毒,再施用AKR1C3酶激活的前药AST-3424,其将有较好的治疗效果。
Claims (12)
- 重组溶瘤病毒,其特征在于,该重组溶瘤病毒为选择复制型溶瘤病毒,并且该重组溶瘤病毒的基因组中整合有能够在肿瘤细胞中表达靶向酶的RNA或DNA的编码序列,所述靶向酶为能够激活抗肿瘤前药的酶。
- 根据权利要求1所述的重组溶瘤病毒,其特征在于,该重组溶瘤病毒的基因组中整合有能够在肿瘤细胞中表达下列靶向酶的RNA或DNA的编码序列中的任意一种或多种:醛酮还原酶,β-葡萄糖醛酸苷酶(EC:3.2.1.31),细胞色素P450还原酶(EC:1.6.2.4),脱氧胞苷激酶(EC:2.7.1.74),胸苷磷酸化酶(EC:2.4.2.4)。
- 根据权利要求1所述的重组溶瘤病毒,其特征在于,该重组溶瘤病毒的基因组中整合有能够在肿瘤细胞中同时表达脱氧胞苷激酶(EC:2.7.1.74)、脱氧鸟苷激酶(EC:2.7.1.113)这两种所述靶向酶的RNA或DNA的编码序列。
- 根据权利要求2所述的重组溶瘤病毒,其中,所述整合有能够在肿瘤细胞中表达醛酮还原酶的RNA或DNA的编码序列中的醛酮还原酶为人源醛酮还原酶家族1。
- 根据权利要求4所述的重组溶瘤病毒,其中,所述人源醛酮还原酶为人源醛酮还原酶家族1成员C3。
- 根据权利要求4所述的重组溶瘤病毒,其中所述DNA的编码序列如SEQ ID No.1所示,所述人源醛酮还原酶的氨基酸编码序列如SEQ ID No.2所示。
- 根据权利要求1所述的重组溶瘤病毒,当该重组溶瘤病毒的基因组中整合有能够在肿瘤细胞中表达人源醛酮还原酶家族1成员C3的RNA或DNA的编码序列时,所述抗肿瘤前药选自下式(1)、(2)、(3)、(4)、(5)、(6)、(7)的化合物或其盐、酯、溶剂合物、同位素异构体:其中,X、Y、Z、R、T、A以及X 10的定义如专利申请PCT/US2016/021581,公开号WO2016145092A1(对应中国申请号CN201680015078.8,公开号CN107530556A)中的权利要求书所记载;其中,R 1、R 2、R 3、R 4、R 5、R 8、R 9、R 10的定义如专利申请PCT/CN2020/089692,公开号WO2020228685A1(对应中国申请号CN202080035889.0,公开号CN113853379A)中的权利要求书所记载;其中:A是取代或未经取代的C6-C10的芳基、联芳基或取代的联芳基、5-15元的杂芳基或-N=CR 1R 2,其中取代时的取代基选自由以下组成的群:卤基、-CN、-NO 2、–O-(CH 2)-O-、-CO 2H及其盐、-OR 100、-CO 2R 100、-CONR 101R 102、-NR 101R 102、-NR 100SO 2R 100、-SO 2R 100、-SO 2NR 101R 102、C1-C6烷基、C3-C10杂环基;其中,R 100、R 101及R 102各自独立是氢、C1-C8烷基、C6-C12芳基;或R 101及R 102与其附接至的氮原子一起形成5-7元杂环;其中烷基及芳基各自是经1-3个卤基或1-3个C1-C6烷基取代;R 1及R 2各自独立是苯基或甲基;X、Y及Z各自独立是氢或卤基;R是氢或C1-C6烷基或卤素取代烷基;其中,Rw的定义如专利申请PCT/CN2020/120281,公开号WO2021068952A1中的权利要求书所记载;其中,A、E、G、X、Y的定义如专利申请PCT/NZ2019/050030,公开号WO2019190331A1(对应中国申请号CN201980023423.6,公开号CN111918864A)中的权利要求书所记载;其中, n、H、Z、R 1、R 2a、R 2b、R 3、R 4、R 5的定义如专利申请PCT/IB2020/057285,公开号WO2021005586A1(对应中国申请号CN202080053804.1,公开号CN114206870A)中的权利要求书所记载。
- 根据权利要求7所述的重组溶瘤病毒,其中,式(1)的抗肿瘤前药选自以下结构化合物:式(2)的抗肿瘤前药选自以下结构化合物:式(3)的抗肿瘤前药选自以下结构化合物:式(4)的抗肿瘤前药选自以下结构化合物:以及及式(5)的抗肿瘤前药选自以下结构化合物:式(6)的抗肿瘤前药选自以下结构化合物:式(7)的抗肿瘤前药选自以下结构化合物:
- 根据权利要求1-8中任意一项所述的重组溶瘤病毒,其中所述重组溶瘤病毒选自具有溶瘤作用的腺病毒、痘病毒、单纯疱疹病毒、麻疹病毒、塞姆利基森林病毒、水疱性口炎病毒、脊髓灰质炎病毒、逆转录病毒、呼肠孤病毒、塞内卡谷病毒、埃可型肠道病毒、柯萨奇病毒、新城疫病毒和马拉巴病毒。
- 一种溶瘤腺病毒质粒,用于治疗肿瘤和/或癌症,其中所述溶瘤腺病毒质粒的DNA序列如SEQ ID No.5所示。
- 一种药物组合物,其中该药物组合物包括作为活性成分的根据权利要求1-9中任一项所述的重组溶瘤病毒或权利要求10所述的溶瘤腺病毒质粒,以及可药用辅料。
- 一种用于治疗肿瘤和/或癌症的具有协同作用的联合药物的药盒,其包括:权利要求11所述的药物组合物;由所述靶向酶激活的所述抗肿瘤前药;以及载明给药时机和给药方式的说明书,其中所述重组溶瘤病毒和所述抗肿瘤前药各自独立地由容器包装。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202110363534 | 2021-04-02 | ||
CN2021103635340 | 2021-04-02 | ||
PCT/CN2022/084842 WO2022206962A1 (zh) | 2021-04-02 | 2022-04-01 | 重组溶瘤病毒及其医药用途 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN116964196A true CN116964196A (zh) | 2023-10-27 |
Family
ID=83458095
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN202280019304.5A Pending CN116964196A (zh) | 2021-04-02 | 2022-04-01 | 重组溶瘤病毒及其医药用途 |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN116964196A (zh) |
TW (1) | TW202340458A (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2022206962A1 (zh) |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1762614A3 (en) * | 2000-07-21 | 2007-05-30 | Research Corporation Technologies, Inc. | Tumor-specific promoters |
WO2008100292A2 (en) * | 2006-10-16 | 2008-08-21 | Genelux Corporation | Modified vaccinia virus strains for use in diagnostic and therapeutic methods |
CN110283794B (zh) * | 2019-05-30 | 2021-04-23 | 伍泽堂 | 重组溶瘤病毒以及制备方法、应用和药物 |
CN111763660A (zh) * | 2020-08-07 | 2020-10-13 | 南京大学 | 一种重组溶瘤痘苗病毒及其制备方法和应用 |
-
2022
- 2022-04-01 WO PCT/CN2022/084842 patent/WO2022206962A1/zh active Application Filing
- 2022-04-01 CN CN202280019304.5A patent/CN116964196A/zh active Pending
- 2022-06-20 TW TW111122857A patent/TW202340458A/zh unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2022206962A1 (zh) | 2022-10-06 |
TW202340458A (zh) | 2023-10-16 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
Foloppe et al. | The enhanced tumor specificity of TG6002, an armed oncolytic vaccinia virus deleted in two genes involved in nucleotide metabolism | |
Williams et al. | Nitroreductase gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy: insights and advances toward clinical utility | |
Kirn et al. | The emerging fields of suicide gene therapy and virotherapy | |
Hu et al. | Metabolic rewiring by loss of Sirt5 promotes Kras-induced pancreatic cancer progression | |
BR112021014415A2 (pt) | Conjugados de il-2 e métodos de uso dos mesmos | |
US7465734B2 (en) | Methods and compositions for overcoming resistance to biologic and chemotherapy | |
Stone et al. | De novo engineering of a human cystathionine-γ-lyase for systemic l-Methionine depletion cancer therapy | |
Jaberipour et al. | Testing double mutants of the enzyme nitroreductase for enhanced cell sensitisation to prodrugs: effects of combining beneficial single mutations | |
Hedley et al. | Carboxypeptidase G2-based gene-directed enzyme–prodrug therapy: a new weapon in the GDEPT armoury | |
US6958318B2 (en) | Recombinant bacterial cells for delivery of PNP to tumor cells | |
Wang et al. | Neural stem cell-based dual suicide gene delivery for metastatic brain tumors | |
CN110168092A (zh) | 溶瘤病毒和治疗分子 | |
CN102439453A (zh) | 癌症起始细胞的线粒体活性抑制剂及其用途 | |
Lehouritis et al. | Designer bacteria as intratumoural enzyme biofactories | |
Yamada et al. | Oncolytic herpes simplex virus expressing yeast cytosine deaminase: relationship between viral replication, transgene expression, prodrug bioactivation | |
Petrowsky et al. | Functional interaction between fluorodeoxyuridine-induced cellular alterations and replication of a ribonucleotide reductase-negative herpes simplex virus | |
CN102186497A (zh) | 嘌呤核苷磷酸化酶作为核苷前体药物的酶激活剂 | |
CN116964196A (zh) | 重组溶瘤病毒及其医药用途 | |
Yamada et al. | In vitro study on intrathecal use of 5-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine (FdUrd) for meningeal dissemination of malignant brain tumors | |
Wei et al. | Anticancer activity of a thymidine quinoxaline conjugate is modulated by cytosolic thymidine pathways | |
Hoffman et al. | Safety and toxicity of recombinant methioninase and polyethylene glycol (PEG) recombinant methioninase in primates | |
CA2379834A1 (en) | Enzyme catalyzed anti-infective therapeutic agents | |
Bae et al. | Intracellular uptake of thymidine and antiherpetic drugs for thymidine kinase-deficient mutants of herpes simplex virus type 1 | |
AU784794B2 (en) | Modulators of methylation for control of bacterial virulence | |
Lv et al. | Genistein is effective in inhibiting Orf virus infection in vitro by targeting viral RNA polymerase subunit RPO30 protein |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |