CN116963923A - 混合驱动系统 - Google Patents

混合驱动系统 Download PDF

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CN116963923A
CN116963923A CN202280020205.9A CN202280020205A CN116963923A CN 116963923 A CN116963923 A CN 116963923A CN 202280020205 A CN202280020205 A CN 202280020205A CN 116963923 A CN116963923 A CN 116963923A
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shaft
planetary gear
drive system
hybrid drive
gear set
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C·吉特
T·哈尔特
P·哈恩
A·科尔布
K·里德尔
T·施尔德尔
J·塞比格
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Mercedes Benz Group AG
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48Parallel type
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48Parallel type
    • B60K2006/4816Electric machine connected or connectable to gearbox internal shaft
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H2200/00Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/202Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the type of Ravigneaux set
    • F16H2200/2023Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the type of Ravigneaux set using a Ravigneaux set with 4 connections
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62Hybrid vehicles

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Structure Of Transmissions (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种混合驱动系统(1),其具有内燃发动机(2)和电机(3)、通过至少一个中间轴(12)实现输出的第一圆柱齿轮分变速器(B)和第二圆柱齿轮分变速器(A)以及同轴于内燃发动机(2)曲轴布置的四轴行星齿轮组(8),第一轴(8.1)连接或可连接至曲轴,电机(3)的转子(5)连接或可连接至第二轴(8.2)或设计成第二轴,其中,第一圆柱齿轮分变速器(B)的第一输入轴(9)抗旋转地连接至第三轴(8.3),第二圆柱齿轮分变速器(A)的第二输入轴(10)抗旋转地连接至行星齿轮组(8)的第四轴(8.4)。本发明的特点是第一和第二圆柱齿轮分变速器(B,A)分别具有正好一个圆柱齿轮副(11,14),用于将行星齿轮组(8)的其中两个轴(8.1,8.2,8.3,8.4)进行联动的联动换挡件(SK)在沿输入轴(9,10)的轴向(a)上看布置在两个圆柱齿轮副(11,14)之间。

Description

混合驱动系统
本发明涉及一种根据如权利要求1的前序部分所详细限定类型的具有内燃发动机和电机的混合驱动系统。
DE 10 2013 221 461 A1表明一种具有内燃发动机、电机和变速器的混合驱动系统,其具有四轴行星齿轮组和两个圆柱齿轮分变速器。
例如申请人的DE 10 2017 006 082 A1描述了一种同类型的具有内燃发动机和电机的混合驱动系统。在此采用四轴行星齿轮组,借此将电机和内燃发动机接入混合驱动系统的变速器中。
此外,与此相关地可以指明US2013/0102430 A1。它也表明一种混合驱动系统,其具有四轴行星齿轮组和两个圆柱齿轮分变速器,在它们之间通过中间轴居中实现至差速器的输出。
前述第一现有技术中的结构在实现许多功能的情况下相当复杂,在第二现有技术中提到的结构虽然简单,但尤其在轴向上、即在两个圆柱齿轮分变速器的主传动轴线或输入轴的方向上需要很大的结构空间。
本发明的任务现在是指明一种简单的、尤其在轴向上很紧凑的具有大量有意义的变速器功能的结构。
根据本发明,该任务通过一种具有权利要求1的特征、尤其是权利要求1的特征部分特征的混合驱动系统来完成。本发明的混合驱动系统的有利的设计和改进方案来自其从属权利要求。
根据本发明的混合驱动系统尤其作为车辆驱动装置。它包括内燃发动机和一个或至少一个电机以及四轴行星齿轮组。四轴行星齿轮组在此与内燃发动机曲轴同轴布置。另外,规定两个经由第一圆柱齿轮分变速器和第二圆柱齿轮分变速器的力学路径,以便通过其中一个路径或另一个路径或通过这两个路径输出从动能。行星齿轮组的第一轴为此连接至内燃发动机的曲轴或优选通过分离离合器以及可选地通过扭振阻尼器可连接至曲轴。电机转子连接或可连接至行星齿轮组的第二轴。电机转子也可以直接形成行星齿轮组的第二轴,例如做法是电机转子形成行星齿轮组的齿圈或与之直接连接。第一圆柱齿轮分变速器的第一输入轴和第二圆柱齿轮分变速器的第二输入轴于是形成行星齿轮组的第三和第四轴或最好抗旋转地与之连接。
根据本发明现在是这样的,即,第一和第二圆柱齿轮分变速器分别具有正好一个圆柱齿轮副,以便由此实现简单紧凑的结构。第一圆柱齿轮分变速器和第二圆柱齿轮分变速器两者各自的这两个圆柱齿轮副如此相对布置,即,在沿圆柱齿轮分变速器各自的这两个输入轴的轴向上看,用于将行星齿轮组的其中两个轴联动的联动换挡件布置在两个圆柱齿轮副之间。因此,行星齿轮组具备一个联动换挡件,借此能够将其两个轴相应连接以将行星齿轮组联动,从而它作为整体环绕运转而其部件没有彼此相对运动。联动换挡件在轴向上布置在两个圆柱齿轮副之间,进而在轴向上布置在两个圆柱齿轮分变速器之间。由此在轴向上可以实现很紧凑的结构。因按照所述布置使用四轴行星齿轮组、内燃发动机和电机,使用本发明的混合驱动系统仍可简单高效地实现多个功能。
四轴行星齿轮组的四个上述轴彼此同轴布置。四个所述轴的旋转轴线因此重合形成四轴行星齿轮组的旋转轴线。以下所用的术语“轴向”涉及四轴行星齿轮组的旋转轴线。四轴行星齿轮组的旋转轴线在此被视为主旋转轴线。以下所用的术语“轴向方向”也涉及主旋转轴线的方向。因为四轴行星齿轮组同轴于内燃发动机曲轴布置,内燃发动机曲轴的旋转轴线也与主旋转轴线重合。
两个所述的圆柱齿轮分变速器和四轴行星齿轮组共同形成一个变速器。该变速器关于来自内燃发动机的扭矩传递而布置在内燃发动机与也称为差速器的轴齿轮箱之间。同样,变速器关于来自电机的扭矩传递而布置在电机与轴齿轮箱之间。
本发明意义上的“抗旋转”被定义如下,即,“两个可转动安装的部件的抗旋转连接或接合”是指,两个部件相互同轴布置且如此相互连接,即,它们以相同的角速度旋转。于是在本发明范围内当在两个部件之间例如设有扭振阻尼器或扭转阻尼器时,也认为这两个部件抗旋转连接,扭振阻尼器或扭转阻尼器尤其在转数突变情况下允许两个部件之间的小幅度偏转。
当关于来自内燃发动机的扭矩传递而将该内燃发动机、四轴行星齿轮组和两个所述圆柱齿轮分变速器按所述顺序接连布置时,得到混合驱动系统组成部件的特别有利的布置。故在混合驱动系统的相应工作中来自内燃发动机的扭矩首先被传入四轴行星齿轮组并从那里被传入两个所述圆柱齿轮分变速器之一。关于扭矩传递,最好在两个所述圆柱齿轮分变速器之后设置轴齿轮箱。
关于来自电机的扭矩传递,四轴行星齿轮组有利地布置在电机之后和两个圆柱齿轮分变速器之前。
联动换挡件本身例如可以设计成摩擦离合器,以便因此即便在行星齿轮组的相应轴的不同转数下仍实现部件联动。但根据一个特别有利的优选设计而可以规定,联动换挡件设计成形状配合式离合器。这种尤其放弃任何形式的同步化件的形状配合式离合器可以具有特别简单紧凑的结构。它基本无磨损地工作且因使用连接或可连接至四轴行星齿轮组的第二轴的电机而允许根据需要调整转数,以便因此也利用作为联动换挡件的形状配合式离合器实现舒适可靠的换挡。
根据本发明的混合驱动装置的一个极其有利的改进方案而也可以规定,设置正好一个中间轴以及与之抗旋转连接的从动齿轮,其中,该从动齿轮在轴向上与行星齿轮组重叠布置。这一个中间轴允许横向于轴向的很紧凑的变速器结构。与现有技术不同,抗旋转地与之连接的设计成定齿轮的从动齿轮的沿轴向相对于行星齿轮组重叠的布置允许沿轴向很紧凑的结构。由此,差速器可以很靠近内燃发动机,这有利地促成紧凑结构和在车辆中常见存在的结构空间的理想充分利用。由此横向于行驶方向的安装尤其简单可行。
“两个部件‘轴向重叠’布置”这一表述在本发明范围内是指,两个部件分别至少部分布置在相同的轴向区域或轴向部段内。轴向区域在此由关于一参考轴线、在此是主旋转轴线的坐标间隔来限定,其中,另外两个空间方向的坐标是任意的。
内燃发动机或其曲轴在此可以根据本发明的混合驱动系统的一个有利设计可通过分离离合器抗旋转地连接至行星齿轮组的第一轴。补充地或也紧凑地与分离离合器集成为一体地,在此可以设置双质量飞轮用于阻尼或消减扭振。也可以想到扭振阻尼器的替代结构。分离离合器本身因将变速器或行星齿轮组与内燃发动机分开而允许混合驱动系统的纯电动运行,这相应提高用于提升本发明的混合驱动系统的功能性的可能性。分离离合器本身在此可以设计成形状配合或摩擦配合的形式。它尤其也能以形状配合而无同步化功能的方式实现,以便可以很简单紧凑地设计其结构。
电机或电机转子的至少一个转子齿轮在此在轴向上看相对于行星齿轮组重叠布置。优选关于两个圆柱齿轮分变速器和曲轴的输入轴线以轴平行方式布置的电机的这种布置也允许沿轴向很紧凑的结构。转子齿轮是指抗旋转地连接至转子的齿轮,借此可以将电机输出的扭矩传递至四轴行星齿轮组。
根据一个有利改进方案,电机的连接在此可以通过其它传动部件如圆柱齿轮传动机构、皮带传动机构、链条传动机构等进行。
但作为其替代,电机也可以同轴布置,例如同轴于行星齿轮组,其中,该行星齿轮组的齿圈于是最好形成第二轴,其与电机转子齿轮接合或在其这种同轴布置情况下直接形成电机转子的一部分。
本发明的混合驱动系统的一个特别有利的改进方案现在可以规定,用于第一圆柱齿轮分变速器的换挡件同轴于中间轴且在轴向上布置在圆柱齿轮副之间。第一圆柱齿轮分变速器用换挡件的这种同轴于中间轴的布置因此利用在第一圆柱齿轮副中在输入轴区域内的定齿轮且与之相应地使用在该至少一个、根据上述设计是正好一个中间轴上的动齿轮。原则上,这种换挡件可以在每个轴向位置与之同轴地安置在中间轴上。它尤其优选位于两个圆柱齿轮副之间。
在此,本发明意义上的同轴是指可转动安装的部件同轴于另一个可转动安装的部件例如像轴,故两个部件的旋转轴线总是重合或对齐。此外,根据本发明是这样的,即,齿轮副或圆柱齿轮副是指一组两个相互啮合的齿轮或圆柱齿轮,齿轮具有平行的旋转轴线且关于垂直于该旋转轴线的一平面布置在也称为齿轮组平面的共同平面内。
根据一个极其有利的改进方案,相似情况适用于用于第二圆柱齿轮分变速器的第二换挡件,其优选也同轴于中间轴且尤其在轴向上布置在圆柱齿轮副之间。故该结构在两个圆柱齿轮分变速器情况下提供一种结构,其具有在各自输入轴区域内的定齿轮和在最好正好一个中间轴上的相应动齿轮,输入轴在轴向上在定齿轮之间包夹联动换挡件。在此,这两个换挡件最好在轴向上布置在圆柱齿轮副之间,故在轴向上利用与联动换挡件相同的结构空间,因而在轴向上不需要附加的结构空间。
这两个换挡件在此可以根据该构思的一个很有利的改进方案具有共用的同步体,以便由此实现尽量简单且又在轴向上紧凑的结构。优选地,在此可以根据本发明的混合驱动系统的这个变型的一个很有利的改进方案设置共用的滑套,以便由此也进一步降低关于构件和致动装置的成本。
本发明的混合驱动系统的一个有利设计现在规定,四轴行星齿轮组的第一轴是第一中心齿轮,第二轴是齿圈,第三轴是第二中心齿轮,第四轴是行星架、即在此是双行星架。这种设计因此允许相应利用齿圈作为第二轴以连接电机,从而可以想到借助传动部件如圆柱齿轮传动机构、皮带传动机构或链条传动机构等的连接。电机转子的旋转轴线因此轴向地平行于内燃发动机曲轴的旋转轴线。或者替代地也允许将行星齿轮组相应集成到电机中,从而其转子形成四轴行星齿轮组的齿圈,且电机同轴于变速器的主旋转轴线布置。通过第一中心齿轮和第一轴,于是进行借助内燃发动机的驱动,相应驱动第二中心齿轮和行星架,即,形成两个圆柱齿轮分变速器的输入轴,它们尤其可通过联动换挡件抗旋转地相互连接。
根据一个替代但同样有利的设计,行星齿轮组的第一轴也可以是齿圈,第二轴是第二中心齿轮,第三轴是行星架,第四轴是第一中心齿轮。在此配置下也可实现具有四轴行星齿轮组的本发明混合驱动装置的有利运行。
最后,在两个变型中的四轴行星齿轮组如此设计,即,一旦两个与第三和第四轴连接的圆柱齿轮分变速器被切换至起效,则第一轴是关于第三和第四轴的合并轴。其相应的换挡件因此是闭合的且电机本身不提供主要的扭矩。一旦第一圆柱齿轮分变速器的一个挡被切换至起效且其它圆柱齿轮分变速器的换挡件是打开的,则抗旋转地连接至第一圆柱齿轮分变速器的行星齿轮组第三轴在此是关于第二轴和第一轴的合并轴,其中,电机在此提供主要的扭矩。
本发明的混合驱动系统的其它有利设计也来自以下参照图所详述的两个实施例,其中:
图1示出本发明的混合驱动系统的第一可能实施方式的示意图;
图2示出本发明的混合驱动系统的一个替代实施方式的局部;
图3示出用于解释图1和2的本发明的混合驱动系统的可能状态的换挡表。
在图1的图示中能看到混合驱动系统1,其包括所示的内燃发动机2以及具有定子4和转子5的电机3。转子5抗旋转地连接至转子齿轮6,其通过作为变速器部件的中间齿轮7接合至四轴行星齿轮组8。四轴行星齿轮组8在此包括第一轴或第一部件8.1,其在此通过第一中心齿轮构成。第二部件8.2在此连接至中间齿轮7且通过行星齿轮组8的齿圈构成。除了这两个轴8.1、8.2外,行星齿轮组8的第三轴或第三部件8.3还通过第二中心齿轮构成并且抗旋转地连接至第一圆柱齿轮分变速器B的第一输入轴9。行星齿轮组8的作为第四轴或第四部件8.4的行星架或双行星架抗旋转地连接至第二圆柱齿轮分变速器A的第二输入轴10。
行星齿轮组8的第一轴或第一部件8.1通过分离离合器K0和选配的扭振阻尼器13可连接至内燃发动机2的未示出的曲轴。在优选可设计成无同步化功能的形状配合式离合器的分离离合器K0闭合的情况下,内燃发动机2或其曲轴因此能根据需要接合至第一轴8.1。
通过第一输入轴9驱动相对于其同轴且抗旋转布置的第一定齿轮FB,其驱动第一动齿轮LB,它们共同形成一个圆柱齿轮副11。圆柱齿轮副11在此是第一圆柱齿轮分变速器B的唯一的圆柱齿轮副,其动齿轮LB同轴于中间轴12布置且根据需要可通过换挡件SB抗旋转地与之连接。第二圆柱齿轮分变速器A包括在与行星齿轮组8的第三轴8.3连接的第二输入轴10上的定齿轮FA,所述第二输入轴同轴于第一输入轴9以围绕其形成的空心轴形式实现。动齿轮LA于是被补充至圆柱齿轮副14和进而第二圆柱齿轮分变速器A,所述第二圆柱齿轮分变速器只包括这一个圆柱齿轮副14。通过换挡件SA,动齿轮LA也能根据需要抗旋转地连接至中间轴12。
中间轴12在一局部又沿总是涉及内燃发动机曲轴的旋转轴线和进而圆柱齿轮分变速器A、B的主旋转轴线的轴向a与行星齿轮组8重叠地承载安装有从动齿轮15。从动齿轮与此处示意性所示的也称为轴齿轮箱的差速器16啮合,借此驱动配备有混合驱动系统1的车辆的被驱动的轴。
两个换挡件SA、SB在此处所示的实施例中组合成一个组合式特殊换挡件,其也可被称为SAB。它包括共用的同步体17以及在此处所示的实施例中的共用的滑套18。除了原则上也可想到将换挡件设计成摩擦换挡件外,将换挡件SA和SB设计成带有共用的滑套18的组合式换挡件和借助唯一致动器进行形状配合式换挡的变型是理想的。关于布置,它最好可以布置在这两个圆柱齿轮副11、14之间。它可以具备多个不同的换挡位置。故一方面第一动齿轮LB可以连接至中间轴12和进而通过从动齿轮15连接至从动装置,另一动齿轮LA也可以如此。另外,两个动齿轮可以连接至中间轴12。可选地也可以想到另一换挡位置,此时滑套18被移动,使得其仅还连接至其中一个动齿轮如动齿轮LA,从而不存在与中间轴12的连接,因此存在空挡,此时从动装置被断开。
行星齿轮组8的其中两个部件,例如在此处所示的实施例中是第三轴8.3和第四轴8.4或与之抗旋转连接的第一输入轴9或第二输入轴10,能通过联动换挡件SK相连,其在此又最好设计成无同步化功能的形状配合式换挡件。故在所述部件的相应转数下可通过作为第四部件8.4的行星架与作为第三部件8.3的第二中心齿轮的连接来实现在行星齿轮组部件之间的相对运动。行星齿轮组8于是作为整体环绕运动,因为换挡件SK常被称为联动换挡件。
不同于图1图示,混合驱动系统1的一个不带差速器16的替代结构结合示出混合驱动件1的局部的图2中的图示被示出。所有相关的部件在此具有与之前一样的附图标记并且仅关于区别被再次解释。行星齿轮组8在此按下述方式设计,即,行星齿轮组8的通过分离离合器K0可连接至内燃发动机2的第一轴8.1通过齿圈形成。连接至电机3的第二轴8.2通过第二中心齿轮构成。第三轴8.3在此是行星架或双行星架,其作为第三部件又连接至第一圆柱齿轮分变速器B的第一输入轴9。行星齿轮组8的其余部件是第一中心齿轮,其作为第四轴8.4相应连接至第二圆柱齿轮分变速器B的第二输入轴10。
两个圆柱齿轮分变速器A、B在此基本上又具有与图1的图示中一样的结构。用于将动齿轮LB、LA连接至中间轴12的两个换挡件SB和SA在此情况下配备有共用的同步体17和单独的滑套18A、18B和致动器,从而可以彼此单独地致动换挡件SA或换挡件SB或致动这两者。在两个滑套18A、18B的此处所示的换挡变型中,在此挂入空挡且驱动装置与从动齿轮15或中间轴12断开。除了这些区别外,联动换挡件SK在此处所示的实施例中还被设计成摩擦离合器。所有三个区别因此也可分别单独地与来自图1的实施例的相应设计变型组合,即,例如组合式换挡件SAB搭配行星齿轮组8的此处所示配置,或将设计成摩擦离合器的联动换挡件SK与图1的行星齿轮组8配置相结合,诸如此类。
混合驱动系统1的实施例的两个所述变型现在允许各不同的以下结合图3中的表所解释的状态。在此分别通过一个点示出闭合的离合器或闭合的换挡件或相应录入在表中的状态。
能够以内燃发动机以及电动机两者驱动的方式使混合驱动系统1起效的第一组合状态用EVT1标示。内燃发动机2和电机3的扭矩或转数在此在行星齿轮组8处叠加,同时换挡件SA被闭合且换挡件SB被打开。所述状态例如可以用于在混动模式中借助混合驱动系统1使车辆起步。在此,内燃发动机2和电机3两者均参与。通过内燃发动机2的扭矩和电机3的在开始时作为发电机的运行,可以视电机3控制的不同逐步增大到达驱动装置的扭矩,做法是电机3处的发电机功率被相应减小。由此可以实现电动起步。在进一步过程中,电机3于是也可以作为马达运行。除了借助混合驱动系统1使车辆起步外,第一EVT模式EVT1尤其也用于在换挡件SB内的主动传动比调节以及转数同步化,尤其如以下还将描述地从第一挡切换到第二挡时。于是在第一挡中,行星齿轮组8被相应联动,做法是联动换挡件SK被闭合,为此在参与部件的通过电机3同步化的相同转数下借助形状配合的离合件或如在图2的图示中示出地通过在此形成联动换挡件的摩擦离合件。
在借助在换挡件SB区域中的上面已述的同步化功能下,在从第一挡切换到第二挡时,一方面联动离合器SK被打开,除了换挡件SA外换挡件SB也被闭合,或在共用的滑套18情况下将其移入相应位置。
为了接着从第二挡进至第三挡,换挡件SA被打开或共用的滑套18被相应移动且同时联动换挡件SK又被闭合,使得两个输入轴9、10和行星齿轮组8相应联动。
接着,在第二EVT模式中,在联动换挡件SK打开、换挡件SA打开和换挡件SB闭合下,内燃发动机2和电机3的转数和扭矩在行星齿轮组8处相应叠加。第二EVT模式EVT2在此尤其用作超速模式且提供相应的“长”传动。它也用于主动传动比调节且可以被用于在从第二挡换到第三挡时在联动换挡件SK内的转数同步化,此时其如能在图1的图示中看到地设计成无同步功能的形状配合的换挡件。在此模式中,电机也可以不仅作为发电机运行,也可作为马达运行。
其它状态E1、E2和E3于是是电动挡位,其在分离离合器K0打开时在E1情况下以挂入的换挡件SA和SB实现。在从E1切换到E2时,换挡件SB被打开且行星齿轮组8联动,在进一步切换到E3时,换挡件SA接着被打开且换挡件SB被相应闭合。
如已经描述地,本发明的混合驱动系统的两个所述变型实施方式可以具备“空挡”位,此时中间轴和进而借助从动齿轮15的从动装置被断开。为此,两个换挡件SA和SB在图2的图示中被操作,使得其各自滑套18A和18B仅连接至其中一个动齿轮LA、LB或如图2的图示所示地连接至共用的同步件17,但没有连接至各自动齿轮LA、LB。在图1的图示中,可以如此达到空挡,即,滑套18例如相应被移动向动齿轮LA,从而它仅还与之连接,为此在图1的图示中,动齿轮LA设计成具有围绕中间轴12的凸缘以便在此也如图表明地提供所需的结构空间。

Claims (13)

1.一种混合驱动系统(1),具有内燃发动机(2)和电机(3)、通过至少一个中间轴(12)实现输出的第一圆柱齿轮分变速器(B)和第二圆柱齿轮分变速器(A)以及同轴于所述内燃发动机(2)的曲轴布置的四轴行星齿轮组(8),即,所述四轴行星齿轮组具有第一轴(8.1)、第二轴(8.2)、第三轴(8.3)和第四轴(8.4),其中,所述第一轴(8.1)如此连接或能连接至所述内燃发动机(2)的曲轴,使得源自所述内燃发动机(2)的扭矩能通过所述第一轴(8.1)被传入该行星齿轮组(8),其中,所述电机(3)的转子(5)如此连接或能连接至所述第二轴(8.2),使得源自所述转子(5)的扭矩通过所述第二轴(8.2)能被传入该行星齿轮组(8),其中,所述第一圆柱齿轮分变速器(B)的第一输入轴(9)抗旋转地连接至所述第三轴(8.3),并且其中,所述第二圆柱齿轮分变速器(A)的第二输入轴(10)抗旋转地连接至所述第四轴(8.4),
其特征是,
所述第一圆柱齿轮分变速器(B)和第二圆柱齿轮分变速器(A)分别具有正好一个圆柱齿轮副(11,14),且用于抗旋转地连接该行星齿轮组(8)的其中两个所述轴(8.1,8.2,8.3,8.4)的联动换挡件(SK)关于所述输入轴(9,10)的旋转轴线在轴向(a)上看布置在所述两个圆柱齿轮副(11,14)之间。
2.根据权利要求1所述的混合驱动系统(1),其特征是,关于源自所述内燃发动机(2)的扭矩流,该内燃发动机(2)、该四轴行星齿轮组(8)和两个所述圆柱齿轮分变速器(A;B)按所述顺序接连布置。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的混合驱动系统(1),其特征是,该联动换挡件(SK)设计成形状配合的离合器。
4.根据前述权利要求之一所述的混合驱动系统(1),其特征是,设有正好一个中间轴(12)以及抗旋转地与之连接的从动齿轮(15),其中,该从动齿轮(15)关于所述轴向(a)相对于该行星齿轮组(8)重叠布置。
5.根据前述权利要求之一所述的混合驱动系统(1),其特征是,该内燃发动机(2)的曲轴通过分离离合器(K0)能抗旋转地连接至该行星齿轮组(8)的第一轴(8.1)。
6.根据前述权利要求之一所述的混合驱动系统(1),其特征是,该电机(3)或与其转子(5)抗旋转地连接的转子齿轮(6)在轴向(a)上看相对于该行星齿轮组(8)重叠布置。
7.根据前述权利要求之一所述的混合驱动系统(1),其特征是,该电机(3)通过另外的变速器部件(7)连接至该行星齿轮组(8)的第二轴(8.2)。
8.根据前述权利要求之一所述的混合驱动系统(1),其特征是,第一换挡件(SB)相对于所述至少一个中间轴(12)同轴地布置且在轴向(a)上布置在所述圆柱齿轮副(11,14)之间。
9.根据权利要求8所述的混合驱动系统(1),其特征是,第二换挡件(SA)同轴于所述至少一个中间轴(12)布置且在轴向(a)上布置在所述圆柱齿轮副(11,14)之间。
10.根据权利要求9所述的混合驱动系统(1),其特征是,这两个换挡件(SA,SB)具有共用的同步体(17)。
11.根据权利要求10所述的混合驱动系统(1),其特征是,这两个换挡件(SA,SB)具有共用的滑套(18)。
12.根据权利要求1至11之一所述的混合驱动系统(1),其特征是,该行星齿轮组(8)的第一轴(8.1)通过所述行星齿轮组(8)的第一中心齿轮构成,所述第二轴(8.2)通过齿圈构成,所述第三轴(8.3)通过第二中心齿轮构成,所述第四轴(8.4)通过行星架构成。
13.根据权利要求1至11之一所述的混合驱动系统(1),其特征是,该行星齿轮组(8)的第一轴(8.1)通过该行星齿轮组(8)的齿圈构成,所述第二轴(8.2)通过第二中心齿轮构成,所述第三轴(8.3)通过行星架构成,所述第四轴(8.4)通过第一中心齿轮构成。
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