CN116956676B - Simulation analysis method for dynamic characteristics of nanocrystalline microminiature sealed electromagnetic relay - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a simulation analysis method for dynamic characteristics of a nanocrystalline microminiature sealed electromagnetic relay, which comprises the following steps: step 1: creating a nanocrystalline soft magnetic three-dimensional response curved surface model; step 2: constructing an electromagnetic finite element-dynamics bidirectional coupling simulation platform; step 3: a dynamic characteristic calculation process; step 4: acquiring a dynamic characteristic calculation result; the method fully considers the magnetic performance of the nanocrystalline soft magnetic material, carries out technical innovation from two aspects of a simulation tool and an analysis method, creates a three-dimensional response curved surface model of the magnetic induction intensity, the working frequency and the magnetic field intensity of the nanocrystalline soft magnetic material, realizes the bidirectional coupling of an electromagnetic finite element-dynamics model based on an Ansys platform, and adopts time-division calculation to cooperate with wavelet principal element analysis; the method not only provides a theoretical basis for dynamic characteristic analysis of the nanocrystalline microminiature sealed relay, but also provides a guarantee for accurate simulation analysis in subsequent batch product robustness research.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of design of robustness of electromagnetic relays, relates to a simulation analysis method for dynamic characteristics of electromagnetic relays, and in particular relates to a simulation analysis method for dynamic characteristics of nanocrystalline microminiature sealed electromagnetic relays with bidirectional coupling characteristics.
Background
The sealed electromagnetic relay (Hermetically Sealed Electromagnetic Relay) is a key instruction device in an aviation and aerospace system, and is a component part occupying higher load in components of a spacecraft and an aircraft.
In recent years, along with the continuous development of industries such as deep space exploration, civil aviation large airplanes and the like, higher requirements are also put forward on the quality of a sealed electromagnetic relay in the aviation and aerospace fields, and along with the gradual industrialization of amorphous nanocrystalline soft magnetic materials, the unique magnetic performance and electrical performance of the amorphous nanocrystalline soft magnetic materials are outstanding in comparison with the characteristics of small density, low iron loss, high magnetic conductivity, stable high-frequency magnetic performance and the like of electrician pure iron, the application of the amorphous nanocrystalline soft magnetic materials in the sealed electromagnetic relay is gradually paid attention, and the research on the simulation analysis technology of nanocrystalline microminiature sealed electromagnetic relays is gradually advanced.
The dynamic characteristic simulation analysis is used as an important ring of relay product design, provides a theoretical basis for assembly production and complete machine assembly of relay products, and the high-precision simulation analysis method is an important guarantee for product reliability improvement design and batch product consistency design. In order to improve the simulation precision and the calculation efficiency, students and engineers try to use more advanced simulation tools or optimized simulation methods, but aiming at the dynamic characteristic simulation of the nanocrystalline microminiature sealed electromagnetic relay, the following defects still exist: (1) For a complete electromagnetic system attraction process, a single static hysteresis loop is selected for calculation, influence of a high-frequency principal component on dynamic characteristic response time in the action process is ignored, and the calculated transient process is lagged, has small value and larger actual measurement error; (2) The hysteresis loop of the conventional soft magnetic material represented by DT4C, DT E is serious in rectangle under high frequency, the nanocrystalline soft magnetic has the advantage of stable high-frequency magnetic performance relative to the conventional soft magnetic, and the advantage of the nanocrystalline soft magnetic in improving the dynamic characteristics of the sealed electromagnetic relay cannot be intuitively and accurately compared and analyzed by using the conventional dynamic characteristic simulation analysis method; (3) The flexible body is often processed by adopting a finite element mesh model introduction mode, and the pertinence is not strong for components with different material properties; the solution efficiency is low, the problems of unreasonable mesh subdivision, non-convergence of the counter force calculation result or large error exist, and the accuracy of the dynamic process of the nanocrystalline microminiature sealed electromagnetic relay after the attraction-counter force cooperation is affected.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a simulation analysis method for the dynamic characteristics of a nanocrystalline microminiature sealed electromagnetic relay, which aims at solving the defects of low calculation efficiency and large simulation result error of the conventional simulation method for the dynamic characteristics of the nanocrystalline microminiature sealed electromagnetic relay. The method fully considers the magnetic performance of the nanocrystalline soft magnetic material, carries out technical innovation from two aspects of a simulation tool and an analysis method, creates a three-dimensional response curved surface model of the magnetic induction intensity B-working frequency f-magnetic field intensity H of the nanocrystalline soft magnetic material, realizes the bidirectional coupling of an electromagnetic finite element-dynamics model based on an Ansys platform, and adopts time-division calculation to match wavelet principal element analysis. The invention can realize the high-efficiency and accurate calculation of the dynamic characteristics of the nanocrystalline microminiature sealed electromagnetic relay, and can be used as a brand-new simulation method to be applied to the theoretical verification of the dynamic characteristic improving effect of the sealed electromagnetic relay by introducing new magnetic materials.
The invention aims at realizing the following technical scheme:
a simulation analysis method for dynamic characteristics of a nanocrystalline microminiature sealed electromagnetic relay comprises the following steps:
step 1: nanocrystalline soft magnetic three-dimensional response surface model creation
Wavelet principal component analysis is carried out on the coil current waveform of the nanocrystalline microminiature sealed electromagnetic relay obtained through actual measurement, a three-dimensional response curved surface model of nanocrystalline soft magnetic with respect to magnetic induction intensity B-working frequency f-magnetic field intensity H is created, and the working frequency is realized from 0 to the maximum high-frequency principal component f max The method comprises the following specific steps of obtaining any limit hysteresis loop of the nanocrystalline soft magnetic in the range;
step 1-1: wavelet principal component analysis is carried out on the actually measured coil current waveform of the nanocrystalline microminiature sealed electromagnetic relay, and the maximum value f of the high-frequency principal component in the coil current waveform is used for carrying out wavelet principal component analysis max At 0 to f max Uniformly selecting N (N is more than or equal to 10) frequency points in a frequency range to perform nanocrystalline soft magnetic high-frequency test, and obtaining nanocrystalline soft magnetic high-frequency limit hysteresis loops under the N frequencies;
step 1-2: connecting the obtained N nanocrystalline soft magnetic high-frequency limit hysteresis loops in a three-dimensional space through smooth curved surfaces to create a three-dimensional response curved surface model, wherein: the X axis and the Y axis are respectively the magnetic field intensity H and the working frequency f, and the Z axis is the magnetic induction intensity B corresponding to the magnetic field intensity and the working frequency;
step 1-3: at 0 to f max A certain working frequency value f in x Creating a plane y=f as a Y-axis variable x The intersection line of the plane and the three-dimensional response curved surface is the ultimate hysteresis loop of the nanocrystalline soft magnetic at the working frequency;
step 2: electromagnetic finite element-dynamics bidirectional coupling simulation platform construction
Constructing an electromagnetic finite element-dynamics bidirectional coupling simulation platform based on Ansys Motion and Ansys Electronics Desktop, wherein: ansys Electronics Desktop a static magnetic field simulation model is built to simulate armature electromagnetic attraction forces at different positions; ansys Motion builds a multi-body dynamics simulation model to simulate a Motion process; the method comprises the following specific steps:
step 2-1: starting Ansys Motion and creating a nanocrystalline microminiature sealed electromagnetic relay multi-body dynamics simulation model through preprocessing software;
step 2-2: setting structural attributes, constraint attributes, loads and electromagnetic force parameters of a nanocrystalline microminiature sealed electromagnetic relay Model, solving a flexible body in a contact spring system in a matching way by using two modes of easy Flex and Model Flex, and finishing pretreatment setting in Ansys Motion;
step 2-3: automatically generating a Maxwell simulation model in Ansys Electronics Desktop after Ansys Motion pretreatment, removing a non-magnetic conduction component, setting a solving domain, setting magnetic parameters of an electromagnetic system part of the nanocrystalline microminiature sealed electromagnetic relay, setting a solver option as a static magnetic field, setting boundary conditions, and adopting a grid subdivision mode of rough surface and internal subdivision for a Motion component to finish preprocessing setting in Ansys Electronics Desktop;
step 2-4: setting maximum iteration times and error precision solving parameters, starting to solve, transmitting the calculated electromagnetic force, moment, magnetic flux and magnetic induction intensity to an Ansys Motion as Motion excitation of a model by Ansys Electronics Desktop, and feeding back speed, displacement and corner transient data after the kinematic solution so as to realize bidirectional coupling under an Ansys platform;
step 2-5: finishing the solution, automatically starting the post-processing software of Ansys Motion, and observing the electromagnetic and multi-body dynamics coupling solution results of the coil current waveform, the armature movement speed change curve, the armature rotation angle change curve, the electromagnetic attraction change curve, the magnetic field distribution cloud picture, the stress cloud picture born by each component and the like which are obtained by calculation;
step 3: dynamic characteristics calculation process
In the simulation process, the coil current waveform is time-varying, and according to the frequency distribution of the coil current waveform on different time periods, which is obtained after wavelet principal component analysis, a nanocrystalline soft magnetic pole hysteresis limit loop corresponding to a high-frequency principal component of the time period in a three-dimensional response curved surface model is obtained, and the time-division simulation is carried out; the specific calculation process is as follows:
step 3-1: setting a starting power-up time t 1 Time t for starting electromagnetic system to operate 2 Electromagnetic system combined action time t 3 Time t when the coil magnetic field starts to enter steady state 4 Four time points and Δt 1,2 (t 2 –t 1 )、Δt 2,3 (t 3 –t 2 )、Δt 3,4 (t 4 –t 3 ) Three time periods;
step 3-2: completing platform solution setting mainly comprising simulation time step delta t, wherein delta t is less than delta t 1,2 、Δt 2,3 、Δt 3,4 A hysteresis loop of the nanocrystalline magnetic material in a direct current state is led in as an initial magnetic parameter in Ansys Electronics Desktop;
step 3-3: starting to solve, continuously acquiring dynamic characteristic data mainly comprising coil current waveforms in the attraction process, and starting to act when the induced electromotive force in a coil magnetic field rises to a touch voltage, wherein the electromagnetic attraction force born by an armature is larger than the spring counter force in a contact spring system;
step 3-4: writing wavelet principal component analysis program for delta t i,i+1 (t i+1 –t i ) Carrying out wavelet principal component analysis on coil current waveform obtained by time period simulation, wherein the initial value of i is 1 and is less than or equal to 3, and the coil current waveform is obtained according to the approximate value f of high-frequency principal component x The corresponding hysteresis loop at this frequency is selected in the response surface model:
a) If f x ≤f max F is selected to be x The lower limit hysteresis loop is substituted into the calculation of the next time period;
b) If f x ＞f max F is selected to be max The lower limit hysteresis loop is substituted into the calculation of the next time period;
step 3-5: after the suction process is finished, the coil current waveform obtained after calculation is advanced by delta t along the time axis 1,2 The final accurate simulation result is obtained;
step 4: obtaining dynamic characteristic calculation results
And obtaining electromagnetic and multi-body dynamics coupling solving results such as coil current waveforms, armature displacement change curves, armature speed change curves, electromagnetic attraction change curves, magnetic field distribution cloud pictures and stress cloud pictures born by all components, which are obtained when the nanocrystalline microminiature sealed electromagnetic relay is calculated until the contact is stably attracted, in post-processing software of Ansys Motion.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
1. aiming at the current situation that the dynamic characteristic simulation precision and the efficiency of the nanocrystalline microminiature sealed electromagnetic relay in the early research stage are low, the invention provides a simulation analysis method for the dynamic characteristic of the nanocrystalline microminiature sealed electromagnetic relay with a bidirectional coupling characteristic, which can meet the requirements of light weight, miniaturization and high response speed of future electrical products guided by new material research.
2. Compared with the existing relay dynamic characteristic simulation method, the invention provides innovation points on the following technical method for realizing the improvement of the simulation precision and efficiency of the dynamic characteristic of the nanocrystalline microminiature sealed electromagnetic relay:
(1) Introducing a three-dimensional response curved surface model of the magnetic induction intensity B-working frequency f-magnetic field intensity H of the nanocrystalline soft magnetic material, and selecting a corresponding limit hysteresis loop according to the change of the working frequency of the nanocrystalline soft magnetic material;
(2) The characteristics of bidirectional coupling and data interaction of the multisystem dynamics simulation software Ansys Motion and the electromagnetic simulation software Ansys Electronics Desktop are effectively utilized, and data information such as electricity, machine, magnetism, force and the like which change in real time in the whole dynamic process can be obtained;
(3) According to the material properties and deformation of each component in the contact spring system, the flexible body in the nanocrystalline microminiature sealed electromagnetic relay Model is matched with the method of using two solving modes of easy Flex (node flexible body) and Model Flex (mode flexible body), so that the improvement of calculation precision and solving efficiency is realized;
(4) The solving process adopts a time-division simulation method, hysteresis loops with different frequency amplitudes are selected and substituted in the three-dimensional response curved surface according to different high-frequency principal component amplitudes in different time periods, and the calculation result can intuitively and obviously show the stability of the magnetic performance of the nanocrystalline magnetic material and the improvement effect on the dynamic characteristics of a conventional sealed electromagnetic relay with DT4C, DT E as a soft magnetic material.
3. The dynamic characteristic is the basis of robustness research, and the novel method for accurately calculating the dynamic characteristic of the nanocrystalline microminiature sealed electromagnetic relay disclosed by the invention has important effect and significance for further researching the robustness design of the nanocrystalline microminiature sealed electromagnetic relay.
4. The method of the invention can realize the high-efficiency solution of the nanocrystalline microminiature sealed electromagnetic relay which is different from the traditional relay, and can also solve the problems of slow transient current rising speed and large error in the initial stage of the coil current waveform of the nanocrystalline microminiature sealed electromagnetic relay calculated by the traditional dynamic characteristic simulation method.
5. The method not only provides a theoretical basis for dynamic characteristic analysis of the nanocrystalline microminiature sealed relay, but also provides a guarantee for accurate simulation analysis in subsequent batch product robustness research.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of simulation analysis of dynamic characteristics of a nanocrystalline microminiature sealed electromagnetic relay disclosed by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a model of a nanocrystalline microminiature encapsulated electromagnetic relay product according to an example embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional response curve model and a limiting hysteresis loop at a certain operating frequency in an embodiment;
fig. 4 is a working schematic diagram of a simulation analysis platform for dynamic characteristics of a bidirectional coupled nanocrystalline microminiature sealed electromagnetic relay in an embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of a simulation analysis calculation process of dynamic characteristics of a bidirectional coupled nanocrystalline microminiature sealed electromagnetic relay in an embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a graph of the results of an accurate simulation of coil current waveforms in an embodiment;
fig. 7 shows the results of calculation of the state characteristics in the middle part of the example, (a) shows the results of calculation of the electromagnetic moment, (b) shows the magnetic induction intensity distribution cloud, (c) shows the magnetic field intensity distribution cloud, and (d) shows the armature displacement-time curve.
Detailed Description
The following description of the present invention is provided with reference to the accompanying drawings, but is not limited to the following description, and any modifications or equivalent substitutions of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a simulation analysis method for dynamic characteristics of a nanocrystalline microminiature sealed electromagnetic relay, as shown in figure 1, the method comprises four steps of obtaining a nanocrystalline soft magnetic high-frequency limit hysteresis loop, constructing an electromagnetic finite element-dynamic bidirectional coupling simulation platform, calculating the dynamic characteristics and completing the calculation of the dynamic characteristics, and the specific steps are implemented as follows:
step 1: nanocrystalline soft magnetic three-dimensional response surface model creation
Wavelet principal component analysis is carried out on actual measurement coil current waveforms of the balanced force type nanocrystalline microminiature sealed electromagnetic relay in the embodiment, and nanocrystalline soft magnetism in the embodiment model is established on magnetic induction intensity B-engineeringThree-dimensional response curved surface model with frequency f-magnetic field intensity H is used for realizing working frequency from 0 to maximum principal component f max And obtaining any limit hysteresis loop of the nanocrystalline soft magnetic in the range. The method comprises the following specific steps:
step 1-1: performing wavelet principal component analysis on actual measurement coil current waveform of balanced force type nanocrystalline microminiature sealed electromagnetic relay in the embodiment, and determining maximum value f of high-frequency principal component in the coil current waveform max For 10kHz, uniformly selecting 11 frequency points in the frequency range of 0-10 kHz for carrying out nanocrystalline soft magnetic high-frequency test, wherein the 11 frequency points are as follows: direct current (0 kHz), 1kHz, 2kHz, 3kHz, 4kHz, 5kHz, 6kHz, 7kHz, 8kHz, 9kHz and 10 kHz) to obtain nanocrystalline soft magnetic high-frequency limit hysteresis loops under the 11 frequencies;
step 1-2: connecting the obtained 11 nanocrystalline soft magnetic high-frequency limit hysteresis loops in a three-dimensional space through smooth curved surfaces to create a three-dimensional response curved surface model, wherein: the X axis and the Y axis are respectively the magnetic field intensity H and the working frequency f, and the Z axis is the magnetic induction intensity B corresponding to the magnetic field intensity and the working frequency;
step 1-3: at a certain working frequency value f within 0-10 kHz x Creating a plane y=f as a Y-axis variable x As shown in fig. 3, the intersection line of the plane and the three-dimensional response curved surface is the ultimate hysteresis loop of the nanocrystalline soft magnetic at the working frequency.
Step 2: electromagnetic finite element-dynamics bidirectional coupling simulation platform construction
Constructing an electromagnetic finite element-dynamics bidirectional coupling simulation platform based on Ansys Motion and Ansys Electronics Desktop (Ansys Electronics Desktop-Maxwell module), wherein: ansys Motion builds a multi-body dynamics simulation model of the nanocrystalline microminiature sealed electromagnetic relay, and simulates a Motion process; ansys Electronics Desktop establishing a static magnetic field simulation model of an electromagnetic system of the nanocrystalline microminiature sealed electromagnetic relay, and simulating electromagnetic attraction force and electromagnetic moment of armatures at different positions; the rotation angle and the speed in the multi-body dynamics model are interactively coupled with electromagnetic attraction force, electromagnetic moment, magnetic induction intensity and magnetic flux value in the static magnetic field model, so that bidirectional interaction and real-time updating of model calculation data are realized.
The Ansys Motion is preprocessed by preprocessing software (Ansys Motion Preprocessor) to automatically generate a Maxwell simulation model in Ansys Electronics Desktop, ansys Electronics Desktop is set and solved by preprocessing according to the magnetic property of the Maxwell simulation model, electromagnetic force, electromagnetic moment and the like obtained through calculation are transmitted to the Ansys Motion to serve as Motion excitation of the multi-body dynamics simulation model, and transient data such as speed, displacement, rotation angle and the like are fed back after the Motion is solved, so that bidirectional coupling under an Ansys platform is realized. As shown in fig. 4, the working principle of the bidirectional coupling platform is as follows:
step 2-1: starting Ansys Motion through preprocessing software (Ansys Motion Preprocessor) and creating a nanocrystalline microminiature sealed electromagnetic relay multi-body dynamics simulation model;
step 2-2: setting parameters such as structural attribute, constraint attribute, load, electromagnetic force and the like of the nanocrystalline microminiature sealed electromagnetic relay Model, solving a flexible body in a contact spring system in a matching way by using two modes of easy Flex (node flexible body) and Model Flex (mode flexible body), and finishing pretreatment setting in Ansys Motion; wherein: easy flex (node flexible body) is applicable to all large-deformation nonlinear materials, but long solution time is required; the Model Flex (modal flexible body) is suitable for solving the linear material with small deformation, and the solving efficiency is high; the two solving modes can be reasonably selected to be matched according to the material properties and deformation of each component in the contact spring system, so that the calculation accuracy and the solving efficiency are improved;
step 2-3: automatically generating a Maxwell simulation model in Ansys Electronics Desktop after Ansys Motion pretreatment, removing a non-magnetic conduction component, setting a solving domain, setting magnetic parameters of an electromagnetic system part (a permanent magnet, an armature, an outer yoke, an inner yoke and a long yoke) of the nanocrystalline microminiature sealed electromagnetic relay, setting a solver option as a static magnetic field, setting boundary conditions, and adopting a grid subdivision mode of rough surface and internal subdivision for a Motion component (armature) to finish preprocessing setting in Ansys Electronics Desktop;
step 2-4: setting solving parameters such as maximum iteration times, error precision and the like, starting to solve, transmitting the calculated electromagnetic force, moment, magnetic flux and magnetic induction intensity to an Ansys Motion as Motion excitation of a model by Ansys Electronics Desktop, and feeding back transient data such as speed, displacement and rotation angle after the Motion is solved, so as to realize bidirectional coupling under an Ansys platform;
step 2-5: after the solution is completed, the post-processing software (Ansys Motion Postprocessor) of Ansys Motion can be started automatically, and electromagnetic and multi-body dynamics coupling solution results such as coil current waveforms, armature movement speed change curves, armature rotation angle change curves, electromagnetic attraction force change curves, magnetic field distribution cloud pictures and stress cloud pictures born by all components can be observed.
Step 3: dynamic characteristics calculation process
In the simulation process, the coil current waveform is time-varying, and according to the frequency distribution of the coil current waveform obtained after wavelet principal component analysis on different time periods, the nanocrystalline soft magnetic pole hysteresis limit loop corresponding to the high-frequency principal component of the time period in the three-dimensional response curved surface model is obtained, and the time-period simulation is carried out.
In the step, in the whole attracting process of the nanocrystalline microminiature sealed electromagnetic relay, the high-frequency principal component in the coil current waveform is most obvious in the coil electric and armature attracting time period, so a time-period simulation method is selected to improve the simulation precision.
In this step, a multi-body dynamics analysis method based on newton kinematics and an electromagnetic analysis method based on a maxwell Wei Wentai field equation set are taken as simulation calculation bases, and as shown in fig. 5, the calculation process is as follows:
step 3-1: set t 1 (starting to power up time), t 2 (electromagnetic System start operation time), t 3 (electromagnetic System Combined action time), t 4 (moment when the coil magnetic field starts to enter steady state) four time points and Δt 1,2 (t 2 –t 1 )、Δt 2,3 (t 3 –t 2 )、Δt 3,4 (t 4 –t 3 ) Three time periods;
step 3-2: completion ofWith a simulated time step Deltat (Deltat < Deltat) 1,2 、Δt 2,3 、Δt 3,4 ) Mainly solving the platform, and introducing a hysteresis loop of the nanocrystalline magnetic material in a direct current state (0 kHz) as an initial magnetic parameter in Ansys Electronics Desktop;
step 3-3: starting to solve, continuously acquiring dynamic characteristic data mainly comprising coil current waveforms in the attraction process, and starting to act when the induced electromotive force in a coil magnetic field rises to a touch voltage, wherein the electromagnetic attraction force born by an armature is larger than the spring counter force in a contact spring system;
step 3-4: writing wavelet principal component analysis program for delta t i,i+1 (t i+1 –t i ) Performing wavelet principal component analysis on coil current waveform obtained by simulation in a time period with initial value of (i) being 1 and i being less than or equal to 3, and performing wavelet principal component analysis according to approximate value f of high-frequency principal component x The corresponding hysteresis loop at this frequency is selected in the response surface model:
a) If f x F is selected if the frequency is less than or equal to 10kHz x The lower limit hysteresis loop is substituted into the calculation of the next time period;
b) If f x Selecting a limit hysteresis loop at 10kHz and substituting the limit hysteresis loop into the calculation of the next time period;
step 3-5: after the suction process is finished, the coil current waveform obtained after calculation is advanced by delta t along the time axis 1,2 I.e. the final accurate simulation result, as shown in fig. 6.
Step 4: obtaining dynamic characteristic calculation results
And obtaining electromagnetic and multi-body dynamics coupling solving results such as a magnetic field distribution cloud picture, a stress cloud picture born by each component and the like from post-processing software of Ansys Motion, wherein the electromagnetic and multi-body dynamics coupling solving results are obtained when the coil current waveform, the armature displacement change curve, the armature speed change curve, the electromagnetic attraction change curve and the armature speed change curve are calculated until the contacts of the balanced force nanocrystalline microminiature sealed electromagnetic relay shown in the embodiment are stably absorbed, and part of dynamic characteristic calculating results are shown in figure 7.
Claims (3)
1. The simulation analysis method for the dynamic characteristics of the nanocrystalline microminiature sealed electromagnetic relay is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: nanocrystalline soft magnetic three-dimensional response surface model creation
Wavelet principal component analysis is carried out on the coil current waveform of the nanocrystalline microminiature sealed electromagnetic relay obtained through actual measurement, a three-dimensional response curved surface model of nanocrystalline soft magnetic with respect to magnetic induction intensity B-working frequency f-magnetic field intensity H is created, and the working frequency is realized from 0 to the maximum high-frequency principal component f max The method for obtaining the hysteresis loop of any limit of the nanocrystalline soft magnetic in the range comprises the following specific steps:
step 1-1: wavelet principal component analysis is carried out on the actually measured coil current waveform of the nanocrystalline microminiature sealed electromagnetic relay, and the maximum value f of the high-frequency principal component in the coil current waveform is used for carrying out wavelet principal component analysis max At 0 to f max Uniformly selecting N frequency points in the frequency range to perform nanocrystalline soft magnetic high-frequency test, and obtaining nanocrystalline soft magnetic high-frequency limit hysteresis loops under the N frequencies, wherein N is more than or equal to 10;
step 1-2: connecting the obtained N nanocrystalline soft magnetic high-frequency limit hysteresis loops in a three-dimensional space through smooth curved surfaces to create a three-dimensional response curved surface model, wherein: the X axis and the Y axis are respectively the magnetic field intensity H and the working frequency f, and the Z axis is the magnetic induction intensity B corresponding to the magnetic field intensity and the working frequency;
step 1-3: at 0 to f max A certain working frequency value f in x Creating a plane y=f as a Y-axis variable x The intersection line of the plane and the three-dimensional response curved surface is the ultimate hysteresis loop of the nanocrystalline soft magnetic at the working frequency;
step 2: electromagnetic finite element-dynamics bidirectional coupling simulation platform construction
Constructing an electromagnetic finite element-dynamics bidirectional coupling simulation platform based on Ansys Motion and Ansys Electronics Desktop, wherein: ansys Electronics Desktop a static magnetic field simulation model is built to simulate armature electromagnetic attraction forces at different positions; ansys Motion builds a multi-body dynamics simulation model to simulate a Motion process;
step 3: dynamic characteristics calculation process
In the simulation process, the coil current waveform is time-varying, and according to the frequency distribution of the coil current waveform on different time periods, which is obtained after wavelet principal component analysis, a nanocrystalline soft magnetic pole hysteresis limit loop corresponding to a high-frequency principal component of the time period in a three-dimensional response curved surface model is obtained, and the time-division simulation is carried out;
step 4: obtaining dynamic characteristic calculation results
And obtaining coil current waveforms, armature displacement change curves, armature speed change curves, electromagnetic attraction change curves and magnetic field distribution cloud patterns and stress cloud patterns of all components, wherein the coil current waveforms, the armature displacement change curves, the armature speed change curves, the electromagnetic attraction change curves and the stress cloud patterns are obtained when the nanocrystalline microminiature sealed electromagnetic relay is calculated until the contact is stably attracted, in post-processing software of Ansys Motion.
2. The simulation analysis method of the dynamic characteristics of the nanocrystalline microminiature sealed electromagnetic relay according to claim 1 is characterized in that the specific steps of the step 2 are as follows:
step 2-1: starting Ansys Motion and creating a nanocrystalline microminiature sealed electromagnetic relay multi-body dynamics simulation model through preprocessing software;
step 2-2: setting structural attributes, constraint attributes, loads and electromagnetic force parameters of a nanocrystalline microminiature sealed electromagnetic relay Model, solving a flexible body in a contact spring system in a matching way by using two modes of easy Flex and Model Flex, and finishing pretreatment setting in Ansys Motion;
step 2-3: automatically generating a Maxwell simulation model in Ansys Electronics Desktop after Ansys Motion pretreatment, removing a non-magnetic conduction component, setting a solving domain, setting magnetic parameters of an electromagnetic system part of the nanocrystalline microminiature sealed electromagnetic relay, setting a solver option as a static magnetic field, setting boundary conditions, and adopting a grid subdivision mode of rough surface and internal subdivision for a Motion component to finish preprocessing setting in Ansys Electronics Desktop;
step 2-4: setting maximum iteration times and error precision solving parameters, starting to solve, transmitting the calculated electromagnetic force, moment, magnetic flux and magnetic induction intensity to an Ansys Motion as Motion excitation of a model by Ansys Electronics Desktop, and feeding back speed, displacement and corner transient data after the kinematic solution so as to realize bidirectional coupling under an Ansys platform;
step 2-5: and (3) finishing the solution, and observing a calculated coil current waveform, an armature movement speed change curve, an armature rotation angle change curve, an electromagnetic attraction force change curve, a magnetic field distribution cloud picture and a stress cloud picture of each component by self-starting of post-processing software of Ansys Motion.
3. The simulation analysis method of the dynamic characteristics of the nanocrystalline microminiature sealed electromagnetic relay according to claim 1, wherein the specific calculation process of the step 3 is as follows:
step 3-1: setting a starting power-up time t 1 Time t for starting electromagnetic system to operate 2 Electromagnetic system combined action time t 3 Time t when the coil magnetic field starts to enter steady state 4 Four time points and Δt 1,2 (t 2 –t 1 )、Δt 2,3 (t 3 –t 2 )、Δt 3,4 (t 4 –t 3 ) Three time periods;
step 3-2: completing platform solution setting mainly comprising simulation time step delta t, wherein delta t is less than delta t 1,2 、Δt 2,3 、Δt 3,4 A hysteresis loop of the nanocrystalline magnetic material in a direct current state is led in as an initial magnetic parameter in Ansys Electronics Desktop;
step 3-3: starting to solve, continuously acquiring dynamic characteristic data mainly comprising coil current waveforms in the attraction process, and starting to act when the induced electromotive force in a coil magnetic field rises to a touch voltage, wherein the electromagnetic attraction force born by an armature is larger than the spring counter force in a contact spring system;
step 3-4: writing wavelet principal component analysis program for delta t i,i+1 (t i+1 –t i ) Carrying out wavelet principal component analysis on coil current waveform obtained by time period simulation, wherein the initial value of i is 1 and is less than or equal to 3, and the coil current waveform is obtained according to the approximate value f of high-frequency principal component x The corresponding hysteresis loop at this frequency is selected in the response surface model:
a) If f x ≤f max F is selected to be x The lower limit hysteresis loop is substituted into the calculation of the next time period;
b) If f x ＞f max F is selected to be max The lower limit hysteresis loop is substituted into the calculation of the next time period;
step 3-5: after the suction process is finished, the coil current waveform obtained after calculation is advanced by delta t along the time axis 1,2 And obtaining a final accurate simulation result.
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