CN116956374B - Integrated hydrophone array for measuring near-field radiation noise in shallow sea environment - Google Patents
Integrated hydrophone array for measuring near-field radiation noise in shallow sea environment Download PDFInfo
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- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of hydrophones, and discloses an integrated hydrophone array for measuring near-field radiation noise in a shallow sea environment, which comprises an acoustic module, a transmission cable, an array shell, a connector, a tail connector and a hydrophone bracket; the acoustic module is connected with the transmission cable by adopting a multi-core watertight electric connector, and the output ends of the cables respectively correspond to BNC connectors; the primitives of the acoustic module are integrally packaged by a hydrophone and a preamplifier; the array bearing force adopts kevlar ropes with the diameter of 6.5mm, light wax oil is filled in the array, the impedance is matched with water, the sensitivity of the array is consistent before and after the array is ensured, and a circular ring is arranged at the tail connector of the array and can be connected with a counterweight, so that the perpendicularity of the hydrophone is ensured. The invention adopts an integrated design idea, greatly facilitates the arrangement and use of the whole array, realizes higher measurement precision, has reliable performance, is convenient and fast to use and easy to store, and is very suitable for near-field acoustic holographic measurement in shallow sea environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of hydrophones, and particularly relates to an integrated hydrophone array for measuring near-field radiation noise in a shallow sea environment.
Background
The change of the acoustic performance of a certain type of ship must be measured and evaluated before and after repair, and the reason for the change is analyzed and researched, so that objective and scientific judgment and guidance are provided for the vibration noise control work of the repair of the certain type of ship.
The radiation noise measurement modes currently used mainly include the following:
(1) Based on the sound pressure measurement technology, far-field radiation noise measurement is carried out on a ship of a certain type.
(2) A single hydrophone is used to measure the radiated noise of a ship in the near field.
(3) Near field underwater sound measurement based on acoustic holographic technology.
Compared with other measuring modes, the near-field measuring mode based on the acoustic hologram technology has the characteristics of stable implementation conditions, small influence of environmental change, high measuring repeatability and good data referential of different measurements, and is an effective noise source positioning, identifying and sound field visualizing technology. Therefore, it is more suitable for radiation noise measurement. The acoustic holographic measurement is completed by using a hydrophone array, and at present, the hydrophone array for the radiation noise holographic measurement is mostly assembled by single hydrophones, and the sensitivity and the phase of each hydrophone are required to be calibrated one by one.
In summary, the problems and drawbacks of the prior art are:
(1) The installation and adjustment process is complex, the cost is high, the time consumption is long, and the requirement of near-field acoustic holographic measurement of the shallow sea environment cannot be met.
(2) The perpendicularity of the hydrophone is difficult to control, and the requirement of radiation noise measurement on phase consistency cannot be met.
Therefore, a hydrophone integrated array needs to be developed to obtain higher signal gain and meet the requirements of the near-field acoustic holographic measurement system in the shallow sea environment on precision and stability.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the invention provides an integrated hydrophone array for measuring near-field radiation noise in a shallow sea environment.
The invention is realized by an integrated hydrophone array for measuring near-field radiation noise in a shallow sea environment, which is characterized in that the hydrophone array comprises: acoustic modules, transmission cables, array housings, connectors, tail connectors, hydrophone frames;
The acoustic module is connected with the transmission cable by adopting a multi-core watertight electric connector, and the output ends of the cables respectively correspond to BNC connectors.
Furthermore, the elements of the acoustic module are integrally packaged by the hydrophone and the preamplifier, the element spacing is within one sixth wavelength, and the element spacing can be adjusted according to different measurement frequency bands;
Furthermore, the integrated hydrophone array bearing force for measuring near-field radiation noise in the shallow sea environment adopts kevlar ropes named with phi of 6.5mm, light wax oil is filled in the array, impedance is matched with water, so that the sensitivity of the array is consistent before and after the array is ensured, and a circular ring is arranged at the tail connector of the array and can be connected with a counterweight so as to ensure the perpendicularity of the hydrophone.
Furthermore, the hydrophone adopts a circular tube type piezoelectric ceramic transducer, two piezoelectric circular tubes with opposite polarization are connected in series to form the hydrophone, and after the hydrophone is connected into a preamplifier, the hydrophone is sealed by pouring polyurethane rubber.
Further, the hydrophone bracket comprises a carbon fiber tube, a connecting flange, a special hook array fixing frame and other structures;
the hydrophone support is of a segmented assembly structure, each segment takes carbon fiber pipes as a main body, a plurality of segments of carbon fiber pipes are sequentially connected to form the main body of the hydrophone support, two adjacent segments of carbon fiber pipes are connected through special hooks, a carbon fiber pipe head end flange is connected with a scanning truss, and a tail end flange is used for locking the combined hydrophone support. The array fixing frames are arranged on the same side of the carbon fiber tube at equal intervals, through holes are formed in the front ends of the fixing frames, and the hydrophone arrays penetrate through the through holes.
Further, the carbon fiber tube is manufactured by adopting a non-woven carbon fiber longitudinal (namely, warp unidirectional) cloth tube and curing the non-woven carbon fiber longitudinal (namely, warp unidirectional) cloth tube through resin impregnation, has the characteristics of solid structure, high tensile strength, good safety, high impact resistance, acid resistance, alkali resistance, salt resistance, partial organic solvents and other corrosive erosion resistance, has incomparable superiority of other metals in the anti-corrosion field, and has better water resistance and ageing resistance; the other accessory components are made of stainless steel, so that the requirements on corrosion resistance and rigidity are met.
Further, the hydrophone array element design content comprises: array elements, vertical array design, hydrophone frame design.
Further, the array element includes:
① Capacitance of element
The static capacitance of a single round tube is:
Wherein: epsilon 0: ceramic relative dielectric constant, about 2000; c 0 = 10670pF calculated;
② The stress distribution in the piezoelectric ceramic tube is related to the mechanical strength of the piezoelectric ceramic, and the radial stress T r and the tangential stress T θ of the ceramic tube when the two ends and the outer surface of the circular tube are subjected to the hydrostatic pressure p are expressed as follows:
Tr＝-p(1-a2/r2)/(1-β2)
Tθ＝-p(1+a2/r2)/(1-β2)
when r=b, the above formula becomes T b+Tθ＝-2p/(1-β2), that is: the design is guaranteed that: p < (T b+Tθ)×(1-β2)/2, a is the inner diameter, b is the outer diameter, and beta is the ratio of the inner diameter to the outer diameter;
③ Vibration characteristics (natural frequency and mode) of the structure:
when L is >0,
Wherein: y c E: young's modulus of the ceramic; ρ c: ceramic density; r: average radius of ceramic, r= (a+b)/2;
Calculating to obtain fr=omega r/2pi=59.3 kHz, wherein the resonance frequency in water is about 80% of that in air and about 46kHz;
As the hydrophone, the upper limit frequency of the hydrophone is far away from the resonance frequency in order to ensure the flatness of the receiving sensitivity, so that the use requirement of the hydrophone is completely met;
④ Open circuit voltage reception sensitivity:
Wherein: m j: the open-circuit voltage sensitivity of the hydrophone, V/Pa; b: element outer diameter, m; g 31、g33: ceramic round tube piezoelectric constant, vm/N; ρ: ratio of inner and outer diameters of the round tube, ρ=a/b;
the sensitivity of the hydrophone is 192dB, the result is thin-walled circular tube sensitivity data, and the average sensitivity of the hydrophone is about 194dB according to empirical data.
Further, the vertical array design includes:
① The bearing design is that the array bearing adopts kevlar ropes with the diameter of 6.5mm, and the bearing is about 2950kgf;
② The sensitivity design is carried out, light wax oil is filled in the array, and the impedance is matched with water so as to ensure that the sensitivity is consistent before and after the array is formed;
③ Designing phase consistency, wherein the time base spacing in an array is 0.26 m+/-0.007 m;
through the vertical array forming design, the flexible array is ensured to have the element spacing error within 5mm under the action of 0-280kg tension, and the comprehensive measurement performance of the hydrophone array after being formed can be ensured to meet the design index.
Furthermore, the hydrophone bracket is used for installing and fixing the hydrophone array, because the bracket needs to be immersed in sea water in the working process, the influence of the current and the wave in the sea is considered, the length is long (about 7.5 m), the hydrophone bracket is required to have better corrosion resistance and stronger rigidity, the main body material of the hydrophone is a carbon fiber tube, and the joint is made of a stainless steel material.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following advantages:
Firstly, the invention adopts the hydrophone array elements with small size and high sensitivity, has high cost performance and stable performance, and the acquired signal quality can meet the requirement of the near-field acoustic holographic measurement system in the shallow sea environment on the precision. According to the invention, the hydrophone array element and the preamplifier are integrally packaged, and the influence of cable shake on the element when the vertical array is used is reduced through mutual offset of axial acceleration, so that the requirement of test on stability can be met.
According to the invention, the ring is designed at the tail connector of the array and can be connected with the counterweight, so that the perpendicularity of the hydrophone can be controlled, and the requirement of phase consistency is met.
The invention adopts an integrated array design, is convenient for the assembly and maintenance of the array, flexible in operation, simple in installation and adjustment process, convenient for the arrangement and use of the whole array, and can meet the requirements of near-field acoustic holographic measurement in shallow sea environment.
Second, the technical improvements of the integrated hydrophone array include:
1. the integrated hydrophone and preamplifier are adopted, so that the miniaturization and the light weight of each element in the array are realized, and the portability and the operability of the array are improved.
The circular tube type piezoelectric ceramic transducer is used as a transducer element of the hydrophone, so that the sensitivity and the frequency response of acoustic signals are improved.
By arranging an optical or acoustic camera device on the cable, the image information of the underwater target or sound source is acquired, and the reliability and accuracy of measurement data are improved.
The hydrophone array movement and control method is adopted, the hydrophone array movement and control method is arranged on the stabilizing frame, vertical movement is realized through cable lowering and recycling, plane scanning is realized through ship movement, and the coverage area and accuracy of measurement are improved.
2. The technical progress of the integrated hydrophone array comprises:
The acoustic module, the transmission cable, the array shell, the connector, the tail connector, the hydrophone bracket and the like are formed, each component has high integration and compactness, and the stability and reliability of the array are improved.
The multi-core watertight electric connector is used for connecting the acoustic module and the transmission cable, so that the waterproof performance and the transmission stability of the cable are improved.
The element spacing is within one sixth wavelength, and can be adjusted according to different measurement frequency bands, thereby being beneficial to improving the spatial resolution and directivity of the array.
3. The technical progress of the integrated hydrophone array comprises:
The floating device can be adjusted according to different water depths, the array is kept to measure at proper water depths, and the adaptability and the measuring effect of the array are improved.
The self-adaptive adjusting unit can be automatically adapted to the structure of submarine topography and water depth change, so that accurate sound field data can be obtained under different conditions, and the reliability and accuracy of measurement data are improved.
The submarine reflection interference unit is prevented from passing through the sound absorption material or structure, submarine reflection signals received by the integrated hydrophone array are reduced, and accuracy of measurement data is improved.
The system protection unit performs protection measures such as water resistance, corrosion resistance, ocean current resistance and the like on the equipment, and improves the stability and durability of the equipment.
The real-time sea water environment parameter monitoring unit corrects the sound field data according to the actual measurement parameters, and accuracy of the measurement result is improved.
The optimized array geometric unit optimizes the geometric shape of the hydrophone array according to the characteristics of the measured frequency band and the shallow sea environment so as to improve the spatial resolution and the directivity of sound field measurement.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a hydrophone array block diagram of an integrated hydrophone array for shallow sea environmental near field radiation noise measurement provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the hydrophone array appearance of an integrated hydrophone array for shallow sea environmental near field radiation noise measurement provided by an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 is a graph of hologram surface sound pressure amplitude versus phase diagram (measuring aperture 12m x 20 m);
fig. 4 is a graph of reconstructed surface sound pressure amplitude versus phase diagram (measurement aperture 12m x 20 m);
FIG. 5 is a graph of the theoretical sound pressure amplitude of the reconstruction plane versus the phase diagram (measurement aperture 12m 20 m);
fig. 6 is a graph of two-source reconstruction errors for different measurement apertures.
In the figure: 1. BNC connector, 2, transmission cable, 3, connector, 4, light wax oil, 5, primitive, 6, kevlar rope, 7, tail connector, 8, hydrophone array, 9, hydrophone support.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The core innovation points of the integrated hydrophone array for measuring near-field radiation noise in a shallow sea environment provided by the embodiment of the invention mainly include:
1. The integrated hydrophone and pre-amplifier are adopted, so that the miniaturization and the light weight of each element in the array are realized, and the higher element density and the array flexibility are realized conveniently. Compared with a discrete hydrophone and a preamplifier, the integrated design can reduce connecting wires and interfaces and improve the reliability of the system.
2. The balance weight and proper filler are adopted in the array, so that the stationarity and verticality of the array can be well improved, the array is suitable for high water flow speed in shallow sea environment, and the consistency of the array during scanning is ensured. This is particularly important in near field measurements.
3. By adopting the circular tube type piezoelectric ceramic transducer as the transduction element of the hydrophone, the structure and the design can realize two orthogonal detection directions at the same time, thereby providing richer information in sound source positioning. Meanwhile, the circular tube structure also has certain mechanical strength, and is suitable for complex marine environments.
4. By arranging an optical or acoustic camera device on the cable, the image information of an underwater target or sound source can be directly acquired, the image information can be fused with the measurement result of the acoustic array, and the positioning accuracy is improved, which is a great innovation of the invention.
5. The hydrophone array movement and control method is provided, such as vertical movement is realized by arranging the hydrophone array on a stabilizing frame and lowering and recycling through a cable, and plane scanning is realized by moving a ship. The method can expand the measuring range of the array and realize the noise source positioning in the three-dimensional space.
Therefore, the invention realizes accurate near-field noise measurement of complex shallow sea environment by the methods of integrated hydrophone design, counterweight filling, optical and acoustic information fusion, array motion control and the like, and has higher innovation and application value. These innovation points bring a certain inspiration to the related technology and also contribute to the popularization and development of the technology.
Aiming at the shallow sea environment, the embodiment of the invention can optimize the integrated hydrophone array for measuring the near-field radiation noise of the shallow sea environment. The following is an optimization scheme for shallow sea environment:
1. Adding a floating device: in view of the small water depths in shallow sea environments, an adjustable buoyancy system such as a float ball or air bag can be added to the integrated hydrophone array to maintain the array at the proper water depths for measurement. The floating device can be adjusted according to different water depths.
2. And (3) self-adaptive adjustment: because the submarine topography and the sea depth may change in the shallow sea environment, the hydrophone support can be designed to automatically adapt to the structure of the submarine topography and the sea depth change, so that accurate sound field data can be obtained under different conditions.
3. Preventing seabed reflection interference: in shallow sea environments, submarine reflections may cause a large disturbance to the sound field measurements. The submarine reflected signals received by the integrated hydrophone array can be reduced by designing a proper sound absorbing material or structure. In addition, an algorithm for removing the influence of submarine reflection can be adopted in the signal processing stage, so that the accuracy of a measurement result is improved.
4. System protection: in shallow sea environments, temperature, salinity and ocean currents vary widely and may have an impact on the stability of the measurement system. Thus, the apparatus should be protected against water, corrosion and ocean currents when designing the array.
5. Monitoring seawater environmental parameters in real time: in shallow sea environments, sea water environmental parameters (such as temperature, salinity, flow rate, etc.) have a large influence on sound velocity. And adding sensors for monitoring the parameters in real time into the system, and correcting the sound field data according to the actually measured parameters so as to improve the accuracy of the measurement result.
6. Optimizing array geometry: according to the characteristics of the measured frequency band and the shallow sea environment, the geometric shape of the hydrophone array can be optimized so as to improve the spatial resolution and the directivity of sound field measurement.
In summary, for shallow sea environments, we can perform a series of optimizations on the integrated hydrophone array for shallow sea environment near field radiation noise measurement to ensure accurate and reliable acoustic field data is obtained in this particular environment.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the hydrophone array 8 mainly includes: acoustic modules consisting of cells 5, transmission cables 2, array housings, connectors 3, tail connectors 7, hydrophone frames 9. The acoustic module is connected with the transmission cable 2 by adopting a multi-core watertight electric connector 3, and the output ends of the cables respectively correspond to the BNC connectors 1. Each element 5 of the acoustic module is integrally encapsulated with a pre-amplifier using a hydrophone. The array bearing force adopts kevlar ropes 6 with phi of 6.5mm, light wax oil 4 is filled in the array, impedance is matched with water to ensure that sensitivity is consistent before and after the array is formed, and a circular ring is arranged at a tail connector 7 of the array to be connected with a counterweight to ensure perpendicularity of the hydrophone.
The hydrophone adopts a circular tube type piezoelectric ceramic transducer, two piezoelectric circular tubes with opposite polarization are connected in series to form the hydrophone, and after the hydrophone is connected into a preamplifier, the hydrophone is sealed by pouring polyurethane rubber. The hydrophone has the characteristics of small size, high sensitivity, modularized encapsulation, axial acceleration cancellation (reducing the influence of cable shake on the element 5 when the vertical array is used) and the like.
For the acoustic holographic measurement requirement, the design contents of the array element 5 include:
(1) Array element
① Capacitance of element
The static capacitance of a single round tube is:
Wherein: epsilon 0: ceramic relative dielectric constant, about 2000; c0=10670 pF is calculated.
② The stress distribution in the piezoelectric ceramic tube is related to the mechanical strength of the piezoelectric ceramic, and the radial stress T r and the tangential stress T θ of the ceramic tube when the two ends and the outer surface of the circular tube are subjected to the hydrostatic pressure p are expressed as follows:
Tr＝-p(1-a2/r2)/(1-β2)
Tθ＝-p(1+a2/r2)/(1-β2)
When r=b, the above formula becomes T b+Tθ＝-2p/(1-β2), that is: the design is guaranteed that: p < (T b+Tθ)×(1-β2)/2, a is the inner diameter, b is the outer diameter, and beta is the ratio of the inner diameter to the outer diameter.
③ Vibration characteristics (natural frequency and mode) of the structure.
When L is >0,
Wherein: y c E: young's modulus of the ceramic; ρ c: ceramic density; r: average radius of ceramic, r= (a+b)/2.
The calculated fr=ω r/2pi=59.3 kHz, the resonance frequency in water is about 80% in air, and about 46kHz.
As the hydrophone, the upper limit frequency of the hydrophone is far away from the resonance frequency in order to ensure the flatness of the receiving sensitivity, so that the use requirement of the hydrophone is completely met.
④ Open circuit voltage reception sensitivity:
Wherein: m j: the open-circuit voltage sensitivity of the hydrophone, V/Pa; b: element outer diameter, m; g 31、g33: ceramic round tube piezoelectric constant, vm/N; ρ: ratio of inner and outer diameters of the round tube, ρ=a/b;
The hydrophone sensitivity was calculated to be 192dB. The result is thin-walled circular tube sensitivity data, and according to empirical data, the average sensitivity value of the hydrophone is about 194 dB.
(2) Vertical array design
① And (5) bearing design. The array bearing force adopts kevlar ropes 6 with phi of 6.5mm, and the bearing force is about 2950kgf;
② Sensitivity design. The array is filled with light wax oil 4, and the impedance is matched with water so as to ensure the consistency of sensitivity before and after the array is formed;
③ And (5) designing phase consistency. The matrix 5 is spaced 0.26m + -0.007 m apart.
Through the vertical array forming design, the spacing error of the primitives 5 is ensured to be within 5mm under the action of 0-280kg tension force of the flexible array, and the comprehensive measurement performance of the hydrophone array 8 after the forming can be ensured to meet the design index.
(3) Hydrophone frame design
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the appearance of a hydrophone array. The hydrophone holder 9 is used to mount and hold the hydrophone array 8. Because the frame needs to be immersed in the sea water during the operation, the hydrophone frame 9 needs to have better corrosion resistance and stronger rigidity in consideration of the influence of the ocean current and wind wave and longer length (about 7.5 m). The main body material of the hydrophone is carbon fiber tube, and the joint is made of stainless steel material. The carbon fiber tube is manufactured by adopting a non-woven carbon fiber longitudinal (namely, warp unidirectional) cloth tube and curing the non-woven carbon fiber longitudinal (namely, warp unidirectional) cloth tube through resin impregnation, has the characteristics of solid structure, high tensile strength, good safety, high impact resistance, acid resistance, alkali resistance, salt resistance, partial organic solvent and other corrosive erosion resistance, has incomparable superiority of other metals in the anti-corrosion field, and has better water resistance and ageing resistance. The other accessory components are made of stainless steel, so that the requirements on corrosion resistance and rigidity are met.
The hydrophone bracket 9 comprises a carbon fiber tube, a connecting flange, a special hook array fixing frame and other structures. The hydrophone bracket 9 is of a sectional assembly structure, each section takes carbon fiber pipes as a main body, a plurality of sections of carbon fiber pipes are sequentially connected to form the main body of the hydrophone bracket 9, two adjacent sections of carbon fiber pipes are connected through special hooks, a carbon fiber pipe head end flange is connected with a scanning truss, and a tail end flange is used for locking the combined hydrophone bracket 9. The array fixing frames are arranged on the same side of the carbon fiber tube at equal intervals, through holes are formed in the front ends of the fixing frames, and the hydrophone arrays 8 penetrate through the through holes.
Two specific embodiments of the embodiment of the invention are as follows:
Example 1:
different types of hydrophones and preamplifiers are used to accommodate different environments and frequencies. The spacing between the elements 5 can be adjusted according to different measurement frequency bands so as to obtain the best tone quality and resolution. Furthermore, the cable lengths between the primitives 5 are adjusted to accommodate different measurement depths and environments.
The elements 5 of the acoustic module are of an integrated design comprising hydrophones and preamplifiers. In this way, one can ensure that the sound signal is amplified as early as possible, thereby reducing noise interference during subsequent transmissions. The design of the pitch of the elements 5 depends on the frequency range measured. By adjusting the spacing of the elements 5, one can determine a suitable sampling distance based on the wavelength of the sound wave to obtain the best quality and resolution.
Example 2:
in order to ensure stability and corrosion resistance of the array kevlar ropes 6 are used as load carrying ropes for the array and the inside of the array is filled with light wax oil 4. In addition, weights are added at the tail of the array to ensure perpendicularity of the hydrophones.
Kevlar ropes 6 act as load bearing ropes for the array and provide sufficient strength and durability. Filling of the light wax oil 4 may provide impedance matching, making the array more stable in performance in different media. And the addition of the counterweight can ensure the perpendicularity of the hydrophone in water, thereby ensuring the accuracy of measurement. In practical application, the physical structure design of the array needs to be optimized according to the practical environment and the measurement target so as to obtain the optimal measurement effect.
When mechanical equipment in a ship is started, the generated mechanical vibration is transmitted to the surface of the deep-diving apparatus, so that the shell on the surface of the deep-diving apparatus vibrates, and sound waves are radiated into surrounding water media to form an underwater sound field.
The hydrophone array 8 scans a plane nearby to obtain sound pressure data on the scanned plane: scanning a measurement plane by adopting a linear hydrophone array 8, wherein the distance from the hydrophone array 8 to the surface is less than one third of the corresponding wavelength of the analysis frequency; meanwhile, a reference hydrophone is arranged to obtain reference phase information; and calculating a cross spectrum by using the test data of each scanning position and the reference hydrophone data, and obtaining the phase difference between each scanning point signal and the reference signal as the complex sound pressure phase of the scanning point, thereby obtaining the space complex sound pressure distribution p (x, y) of the whole acoustic holographic plane. The data are amplified and filtered by the signal conditioner and sent to each channel of the data collector, and the software system acquires the data collected by the data collector and stores the data in an external memory of the industrial personal computer. And carrying out two-dimensional Fourier transform on the holographic plane space complex sound pressure distribution P (x, y) to obtain a wave number domain result P (kx, ky). And selecting a proper Green function as a transfer function H according to different boundary conditions, obtaining wave number domain complex sound pressure distribution P (kx, ky) of the inversion surface, performing inverse Fourier transform, and finally obtaining space complex sound pressure distribution P (x, y) of the inversion surface.
To verify the effectiveness of the integrated hydrophone array 8 for shallow sea environment near field radiation noise measurement, two pulsating ball sound sources are arranged on the sound source surface, the pulsating ball radius is 0.05m, the distance between the two sound sources is 4m, the holographic measuring points are spatially distributed to 250mm×250mm, and a snapshot method is adopted.
And selecting different measuring apertures of 6m multiplied by 20m, 8m multiplied by 20m and 12m multiplied by 20m respectively, wherein the distance between a holographic measuring surface and a sound source is 0.8m, the distance between a reconstruction surface and the sound source is 0.7m, and determining the holographic reconstruction precision by carrying out error analysis on a reverse reconstruction value and a theoretical value. The analysis frequency was 20Hz. The sound pressure amplitude diagram and the phase diagram of the holographic surface with the measuring aperture of 12m multiplied by 20m are shown in fig. 3, the sound pressure amplitude diagram and the phase diagram of the reconstruction surface are shown in fig. 4, and the theoretical sound pressure amplitude diagram and the phase diagram of the reconstruction surface are shown in fig. 5. The two-source reconstruction errors for different measurement apertures are shown in fig. 6. The effectiveness of the integrated hydrophone array 8 for shallow sea environment near field radiation noise measurement is verified by comparison of the figures, and the rule of influence of different measuring apertures on holographic reconstruction accuracy is summarized.
From analysis results, the signal quality acquired by the integrated hydrophone array 8 can meet the requirement of the near-field acoustic holographic measurement system in the shallow sea environment on the precision within a reasonable aperture range, and when the measurement aperture is increased, the integrated hydrophone array 8 can acquire more sound field information in the holographic measurement plane, so that the reconstruction precision is improved.
The hydrophone array 8 is designed integrally, so that the array is convenient to assemble and maintain, flexible to operate, simple in installation and adjustment process, convenient to arrange and use, and capable of meeting the requirements of near-field acoustic holographic measurement in a shallow sea environment.
It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention can be realized in hardware, software, or a combination of software and hardware. The hardware portion may be implemented using dedicated logic; the software portions may be stored in a memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system, such as a microprocessor or special purpose design hardware. Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the apparatus and methods described above may be implemented using computer executable instructions and/or embodied in processor control code, such as provided on a carrier medium such as a magnetic disk, CD or DVD-ROM, a programmable memory such as read only memory (firmware), or a data carrier such as an optical or electronic signal carrier. The device of the present invention and its modules may be implemented by hardware circuitry, such as very large scale integrated circuits or gate arrays, semiconductors such as logic chips, transistors, etc., or programmable hardware devices such as field programmable gate arrays, programmable logic devices, etc., as well as software executed by various types of processors, or by a combination of the above hardware circuitry and software, such as firmware.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of specific embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the invention is not limited thereto, but any modifications, equivalents, improvements and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. An integrated hydrophone array for near-field radiation noise measurement in a shallow sea environment, comprising:
the integrated hydrophone and the preamplifier are adopted, so that the miniaturization and the light weight of each element in the array are realized;
The array adopts a counterweight and a proper filler;
A circular tube type piezoelectric ceramic transducer is adopted as a transducer element of the hydrophone;
acquiring image information of an underwater target or sound source by arranging an optical or acoustic camera device on a cable; the hydrophone array motion and control method is adopted, the hydrophone array motion and control method is arranged on the stabilizing frame, vertical motion is realized through cable lowering and recycling, and plane scanning is realized through ship movement;
comprising the following steps:
Acoustic modules, transmission cables, array housings, connectors, tail connectors, hydrophone frames;
The acoustic module is connected with the transmission cable by adopting a multi-core watertight electric connector, and the output ends of the cables respectively correspond to BNC connectors;
The elements of the acoustic module are integrally packaged by a hydrophone and a preamplifier, the element spacing is within one sixth wavelength, and the element spacing can be adjusted according to different measurement frequency bands;
comprising the following steps:
and (3) a floating device: maintaining the water depth of the array, and adjusting the floating device according to different water depths;
An adaptive adjustment unit: because the submarine topography and the sea water depth can be changed in the shallow sea environment, the hydrophone bracket is designed to be a structure which automatically adapts to the submarine topography and the sea water depth change, so that accurate sound field data can be obtained under different conditions;
subsea reflection preventing interference unit: reducing submarine reflected signals received by the integrated hydrophone array through sound absorption materials or structures; an algorithm for removing the influence of submarine reflection is adopted in the signal processing stage;
system protection unit: performing waterproof, anticorrosion and anti-ocean current protection measures on the equipment;
real-time monitoring sea water environmental parameter unit: correcting the sound field data according to the actual measurement parameters;
optimizing an array geometry unit: optimizing the geometric shape of the hydrophone array according to the characteristics of the measured frequency band and the shallow sea environment;
The integrated hydrophone array bearing force for measuring near-field radiation noise in a shallow sea environment adopts kevlar ropes named with phi of 6.5mm, light wax oil is filled in the array, impedance is matched with water to ensure that sensitivity is consistent before and after the array is formed, and a circular ring is connected with a counterweight at a tail connector of the array to ensure perpendicularity of the hydrophone;
the hydrophone adopts a circular tube type piezoelectric ceramic transducer, two piezoelectric circular tubes with opposite polarization are connected in series to form the hydrophone, and after the hydrophone is connected into a preamplifier, the hydrophone is sealed by pouring polyurethane rubber;
The hydrophone bracket comprises a carbon fiber tube, a connecting flange and a special hook array fixing frame;
The hydrophone bracket is of a segmented assembly structure, each segment takes carbon fiber pipes as a main body, a plurality of segments of carbon fiber pipes are sequentially connected to form the main body of the hydrophone bracket, two adjacent segments of carbon fiber pipes are connected through special hooks, a head end flange of each carbon fiber pipe is connected with a scanning truss, and a tail end flange is used for locking the combined hydrophone bracket; the array fixing frames are arranged on the same side of the carbon fiber tube at equal intervals, through holes are formed in the front ends of the fixing frames, and the hydrophone arrays penetrate through the through holes.
2. The integrated hydrophone array for shallow sea environment near field radiation noise measurement according to claim 1, wherein the carbon fiber tube is made of a non-woven carbon fiber longitudinal cloth tube through resin impregnation and solidification, and the rest of accessory component materials are made of stainless steel.
3. The integrated hydrophone array for shallow sea environment near field radiation noise measurement of claim 1, wherein the hydrophone array element design content comprises: array elements, vertical array design, hydrophone frame design.
4. An integrated hydrophone array for shallow sea environment near field radiation noise measurement as recited in claim 3 wherein the array element comprises:
① Capacitance of element
The static capacitance of a single round tube is:
Wherein: epsilon 0: ceramic relative dielectric constant; c 0 = 10670pF calculated;
② The stress distribution in the piezoelectric ceramic tube is related to the mechanical strength of the piezoelectric ceramic, and the radial stress T r and the tangential stress T θ of the ceramic tube when the two ends and the outer surface of the circular tube are subjected to the hydrostatic pressure p are expressed as follows:
Tr＝-p(1-a2/r2)/(1-β2)
Tθ＝-p(1+a2/r2)/(1-β2)
when r=b, the above formula becomes T b+Tθ＝-2p/(1-β2), that is: the design is guaranteed that: p < (T b+Tθ)×(1-β2)/2, a is the inner diameter, b is the outer diameter, and beta is the ratio of the inner diameter to the outer diameter;
③ Vibration characteristics, natural frequency and mode of the structure:
when L is >0,
Wherein: y c E: young's modulus of the ceramic; ρ c: ceramic density; r: average radius of ceramic, r= (a+b)/2;
Calculating to obtain fr=omega r/2pi=59.3 kHz;
As a hydrophone, the upper limit frequency should be far from the resonance frequency in order to ensure the flatness of the receiving sensitivity;
④ Open circuit voltage reception sensitivity:
Wherein: m j: the open-circuit voltage sensitivity of the hydrophone, V/Pa; b: element outer diameter, m; g 31、g33: ceramic round tube piezoelectric constant, vm/N; ρ: ratio of inner and outer diameters of the round tube, ρ=a/b;
the sensitivity of the hydrophone is calculated to be 192dB, the result is thin-walled circular tube sensitivity data, and the average sensitivity value of the hydrophone is 194dB according to empirical data.
5. An integrated hydrophone array for shallow sea environment near field radiation noise measurement as recited in claim 3 wherein the vertical array design comprises:
① Bearing design, wherein the array bearing adopts kevlar ropes with the diameter of 6.5mm, and the bearing is 2950kgf;
② Sensitivity design, filling light wax oil in the array, and matching impedance with water;
③ Designing phase consistency, wherein the time base spacing in an array is 0.26 m+/-0.007 m;
through the vertical array forming design, the flexible array is ensured to have the element spacing error within 5mm under the action of 0-280kg tension.
6. An integrated hydrophone array for near field radiation noise measurement in shallow sea environment as recited in claim 3 wherein the hydrophone frame is used for installing and fixing the hydrophone array, the main material of the hydrophone is carbon fiber tube, and the joint is made of stainless steel material.
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