CN116953535A - Nondestructive testing method and system for electrical connection of output ends of multi-stack parallel thermal batteries - Google Patents

Nondestructive testing method and system for electrical connection of output ends of multi-stack parallel thermal batteries Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116953535A
CN116953535A CN202310806555.4A CN202310806555A CN116953535A CN 116953535 A CN116953535 A CN 116953535A CN 202310806555 A CN202310806555 A CN 202310806555A CN 116953535 A CN116953535 A CN 116953535A
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equal
less
output ends
thermal
thermal battery
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Inventor
张小强
崔艳华
赵宇
曹勇
张栩
谢勇
兰伟
崔益秀
王超
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Institute of Electronic Engineering of CAEP
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Institute of Electronic Engineering of CAEP
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
    • G01R27/02—Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
    • G01R27/26—Measuring inductance or capacitance; Measuring quality factor, e.g. by using the resonance method; Measuring loss factor; Measuring dielectric constants ; Measuring impedance or related variables
    • G01R27/2605—Measuring capacitance
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/367—Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/389—Measuring internal impedance, internal conductance or related variables
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
    • G01R31/66—Testing of connections, e.g. of plugs or non-disconnectable joints

Abstract

The application discloses a nondestructive testing method and a nondestructive testing system for electrical connection of output ends of multi-pile parallel thermal batteries, which solve the technical problems that the electrical connection of the output ends of the multi-pile parallel thermal batteries cannot be comprehensively, efficiently and accurately detected at low cost and the electrical connection fault is difficult to accurately locate, and the method comprises the following steps: measuring open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, internal resistance and capacitance of the multi-stack parallel thermal battery in an inactive state; and judging the electrical connection condition of the output ends of the multi-stack parallel thermal batteries according to the measured open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, internal resistance and capacitance. The system comprises: a measuring unit and an electrical connection judging unit. Based on the method and the system, the application can realize the high-efficiency, accurate and low-cost nondestructive detection of the electrical connection of the output end of the thermal battery in the whole life cycle, and accurately position the fault type of the output end.

Description

Nondestructive testing method and system for electrical connection of output ends of multi-stack parallel thermal batteries
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of thermal battery detection, in particular to a nondestructive detection method and a nondestructive detection system for electrical connection of output ends of multi-pile parallel thermal batteries.
Background
The thermal battery is a disposable reserve battery widely applied to various military or civil equipment systems such as missiles, bombs, torpedoes, space detection, emergency escape devices and the like, the electrolyte material of the battery is generally molten salt, the molten salt is hardly conductive to ions in an inactive state, the battery does not have electric energy output capability, and when the battery works, the molten salt is melted by utilizing an internal heating system, so that the battery has higher ion transmission capability, and therefore, the battery outputs electric energy to the outside, and has the characteristics of high safety, high reliability, high specific power and the like. In order to obtain specific output voltage and current, the interior of the thermal battery is generally formed by connecting a plurality of single battery pieces in series to form a galvanic pile, then a plurality of galvanic piles are connected in parallel to form a single thermal battery, and further a plurality of thermal batteries are connected in series and parallel to form a battery module. In the production link of the thermal battery, when a plurality of electric piles or batteries are connected in parallel, electrical faults such as open circuit, short circuit, reverse connection and the like can exist, the thermal battery is subjected to various mechanical environments in the long-term storage process, and the local electrical connection of the output end of the battery can be caused to be faulty, so that the battery is invalid. Therefore, in the battery test, it is necessary to detect the electrical connection of the battery internal output circuit.
The electrical connections commonly used at present are visual inspection, radiographic inspection and local resistance inspection. Visual inspection and local resistance detection can only be used in battery production links, the former is time-consuming and labor-consuming, and the latter can only reflect the communication condition of connecting wires. Radiation detection can be used in production and long-term storage processes, but is costly and affected by radiation penetration and resolution, and can only be used to detect small-volume batteries.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to solve the technical problems that the whole life cycle of production, storage, use and the like of a multi-stack parallel thermal battery is not fully covered by the electric connection of the output end, the detection is efficient and accurate, the cost is low, and the electric connection fault is difficult to accurately locate. The application aims to provide a nondestructive testing method and a nondestructive testing system for electrical connection of output ends of a plurality of stacks of parallel thermal batteries, which are used for measuring open-circuit voltage VD, short-circuit current ID, internal resistance RD and capacitance CD in an unactivated state of the thermal batteries, judging the electrical connection condition of the output ends of the thermal batteries according to intervals where four parameters of VD, ID, RD and CD are located, so that the efficient, accurate and low-cost nondestructive testing of the electrical connection of the output ends of the thermal batteries in the whole life cycle is realized, and the fault type of the output ends is further accurately positioned.
The application is realized by the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the present application provides a nondestructive testing method for electrical connection of output ends of a plurality of stacks of parallel thermal batteries, the method comprising:
measuring open circuit voltage VD, short circuit current ID, internal resistance RD and capacitance CD of the multi-stack parallel thermal battery in an inactive state;
judging the electrical connection condition of the output ends of the multi-stack parallel thermal batteries according to the measured open circuit voltage VD, short circuit current ID, internal resistance RD and capacitance CD:
when n1xVA is less than or equal to VD and less than or equal to n1 xVB, n0xIA is less than or equal to ID and less than or equal to n0xIB, n1xRA/n0 is less than or equal to RD and less than or equal to n1xRB/n 0, CA/n1xn0 is less than or equal to CD and less than or equal to CB/n1xn0 are simultaneously met, the output ends of the multi-stack parallel thermal battery are electrically connected normally;
when vd=0, id=0, rd=0 and cd=0 are satisfied at the same time, there is a short circuit at the output ends of the multi-stack parallel thermal battery;
when VD=0, ID=0, 2×n1X (RB/n 0) < RD, CD < (CA/n 1) × (n 0/2) are satisfied at the same time, the output ends of the multi-stack parallel thermal batteries are all disconnected;
wherein n0 is the number of parallel galvanic piles in the thermal battery, n1 is the number of single battery pieces in each galvanic pile, and n0 and n1 are integers greater than 0; VA is the lower limit of the open-circuit voltage of the thermal battery cell, VB is the upper limit of the open-circuit voltage of the thermal battery cell; IA is the lower limit of the short-circuit current of the battery cell, IB is the upper limit of the short-circuit current of the battery cell; RA is the lower limit of the internal resistance of the thermal battery cell, and RB is the upper limit of the internal resistance of the thermal battery cell; CA is the lower limit of the capacitance of the battery cell, and CB is the upper limit of the capacitance of the battery cell.
As a further preference, the method further comprises:
when n1×VA is less than or equal to VD is less than or equal to n1×VB, (n 0-m 0) ×IA is less than or equal to ID is less than or equal to (n 0-m 0) ×IB, n1×RA/(n 0-m 0) is less than or equal to RD is less than or equal to n1×RB/(n 0-m 0), CA/n1× (n 0-m 0) is less than or equal to CD is less than or equal to CB/n1× (n 0-m 0) and is simultaneously satisfied, then m0 galvanic pile open circuits exist at the output ends of the multi-pile parallel thermal battery, wherein m0 is an integer and 1 is less than or equal to m0< n0.
As a further preference, the method further comprises:
when (n 0-2 h)/n0×n1×VA is less than or equal to VD is less than or equal to (n 0-2 h)/n0×n1×VB, (n 0-2 h) ×IA is less than or equal to ID is less than or equal to (n 0-2 h) ×IB, n1×RA/n0 is less than or equal to RD is less than or equal to n1×RB/n0, CA/n1×n0 is less than or equal to CD is less than or equal to CB/n1×n0 and is simultaneously satisfied, then h galvanic pile inversions are arranged at the output ends of the multi-pile parallel thermal battery, wherein h is an integer and 1 is less than or equal to h < n0.
As a further preference, the method further comprises:
when (n 0-j-2 k)/(n 0-j) xn1xVA is less than or equal to VD is less than or equal to (n 0-j-2 k)/(n 0-j) xn1xVB, (n 0-j-2 k) xIA is less than or equal to ID is less than or equal to (n 0-j-2 k) xIB, n1xRA/(n 0-j) RD is less than or equal to n1xRB/(n 0-j), CA/n1x (n 0-j) CD is less than or equal to CB/n1x (n 0-j) is simultaneously met, j galvanic pile disconnection exists at the output end of the multi-pile parallel thermal battery, k galvanic piles are reversely connected, j and k are integers, and 1 is less than or equal to j < n0, and 1 is less than or equal to k is less than or equal to n0-j.
As further preferable, the acquiring methods of VA, VB, IA, IB, RA, RB, CA and CB specifically include:
preparation of M1 thermal battery cell sample A 1 、A 2 、…、A M1 And is completely removed by a bladeRemoving serial powder at the edges of M1 thermal battery single cell samples, wherein M1 is an integer and is less than or equal to 2 and equal to M1;
measuring open circuit voltages of the M1 thermal battery cell slices to be V1, V2, … and VM1 respectively;
measuring short-circuit currents of the M1 thermal battery single battery pieces to be I1, … and IM1 respectively;
measuring the internal resistances of the M1 thermal battery single battery pieces to be R1, R2, … and RM1 respectively;
the capacitance of the M1 thermal battery single battery pieces is measured to be C1, C2, … and CM1 respectively;
taking the maximum value of the open circuit voltages of the M1 thermal battery cell slices as an upper open circuit voltage limit VB, VB=max (V1, V2, … and VM 1);
taking the minimum value of the open circuit voltages of the M1 thermal battery cell slices as an open circuit voltage lower limit VA, VA=min (V1, V2, …, VM 1);
taking the maximum value of the short-circuit currents of the M1 thermal battery single battery slices as a short-circuit current upper limit IB, wherein IB=max (I1, … and IM 1);
taking the minimum value of the short-circuit currents of the M1 thermal battery single battery slices as a short-circuit current lower limit IA, IA=min (I1, …, IM 1);
taking the maximum value of the internal resistances of the M1 thermal battery cell pieces as an internal resistance upper limit RB, rb=max (R1, R2, …, RM 1);
taking the minimum value of the internal resistances of the M1 thermal battery cell slices as an internal resistance lower limit RA, wherein RA=min (R1, R2, …, RM 1);
taking the maximum value of the capacitances of the M1 thermal battery cell pieces as an upper capacitance limit CB, cb=max (C1, C2, …, CM 1);
taking the minimum value of the capacitance of the M1 thermal battery cell pieces as a lower limit CA of the capacitance, ca=min (C1, C2, …, CM 1).
As a further preferred option, the open circuit voltage of the M1 thermal battery cells, the short circuit current of the M1 thermal battery cells, the internal resistance of the M1 thermal battery cells, and the capacitance of the M1 thermal battery cells are all measured at an ambient temperature of T0, and 0 ℃ is equal to or higher than 0 ℃ and equal to or lower than 200 ℃.
As a further preferred option, the ambient temperature of the open circuit voltage VD, the short circuit current ID, the internal resistance RD and the capacitance CD of the multi-stack parallel thermal battery in the inactive state is measured to be T0, wherein 0 ℃ is equal to or more than T0 ℃ is equal to or less than 200 ℃.
In a second aspect, the present application further provides a nondestructive testing system for electrical connection of outputs of a plurality of stacks of parallel thermal batteries, the system comprising:
the measuring unit is used for measuring the open circuit voltage VD, the short circuit current ID, the internal resistance RD and the capacitance CD of the multi-stack parallel thermal battery in an inactive state;
the electric connection judging unit judges the electric connection condition of the output ends of the multi-stack parallel thermal batteries according to the measured open circuit voltage VD, short circuit current ID, internal resistance RD and capacitance CD;
the execution process of the electric connection judging unit comprises the following steps:
when n1xVA is less than or equal to VD and less than or equal to n1 xVB, n0xIA is less than or equal to ID and less than or equal to n0xIB, n1xRA/n0 is less than or equal to RD and less than or equal to n1xRB/n 0, CA/n1xn0 is less than or equal to CD and less than or equal to CB/n1xn0 are simultaneously met, the output ends of the multi-stack parallel thermal battery are electrically connected normally;
when vd=0, id=0, rd=0 and cd=0 are satisfied at the same time, there is a short circuit at the output ends of the multi-stack parallel thermal battery;
when VD=0, ID=0, 2×n1X (RB/n 0) < RD, CD < (CA/n 1) × (n 0/2) are satisfied at the same time, the output ends of the multi-stack parallel thermal batteries are all disconnected;
wherein n0 is the number of parallel galvanic piles in the thermal battery, n1 is the number of single battery cells in each galvanic pile, VA is the lower limit of the open-circuit voltage of the single battery cells, VB is the upper limit of the open-circuit voltage of the single battery cells; IA is the lower limit of the short-circuit current of the battery cell, IB is the upper limit of the short-circuit current of the battery cell; RA is the lower limit of the internal resistance of the thermal battery cell, and RB is the upper limit of the internal resistance of the thermal battery cell; CA is the lower limit of the capacitance of the battery cell, and CB is the upper limit of the capacitance of the battery cell.
As a further preferable embodiment, the execution process of the electrical connection judgment unit further includes:
when n1×VA is less than or equal to VD is less than or equal to n1×VB, (n 0-m 0) ×IA is less than or equal to ID is less than or equal to (n 0-m 0) ×IB, n1×RA/(n 0-m 0) is less than or equal to RD is less than or equal to n1×RB/(n 0-m 0), CA/n1× (n 0-m 0) is less than or equal to CD is less than or equal to CB/n1× (n 0-m 0) is simultaneously met, then m0 galvanic pile open circuits exist at the output ends of the multi-pile parallel thermal batteries, and m0 is an integer and 1 is less than or equal to m0< n0;
when (n 0-2 h)/n0×n1XVA is less than or equal to VD and less than or equal to (n 0-2 h)/n0×n1XVB, (n 0-2 h) xIA is less than or equal to ID and less than or equal to (n 0-2 h) xIB, n1XRA/n0 is less than or equal to RD and less than or equal to n1XRB/n 0, CA/n1Xn0 is less than or equal to CD and less than or equal to CB/n1Xn0 are simultaneously met, h galvanic pile reverse connection exists at the output ends of the multi-pile parallel thermal battery, h is an integer and 1 is less than or equal to h < n0;
when (n 0-j-2 k)/(n 0-j) xn1xVA is less than or equal to VD is less than or equal to (n 0-j-2 k)/(n 0-j) xn1xVB, (n 0-j-2 k) xIA is less than or equal to ID is less than or equal to (n 0-j-2 k) xIB, n1xRA/(n 0-j) RD is less than or equal to n1xRB/(n 0-j), CA/n1x (n 0-j) CD is less than or equal to CB/n1x (n 0-j) is simultaneously met, j galvanic pile disconnection exists at the output end of the multi-pile parallel thermal battery, k galvanic piles are reversely connected, j and k are integers, and 1 is less than or equal to j < n0, and 1 is less than or equal to k is less than or equal to n0-j.
As a further preferred feature, the measuring unit measures the ambient temperature T0 at which the open circuit voltage VD, the short circuit current ID, the internal resistance RD and the capacitance CD of the multi-stack parallel thermal battery in the inactive state, wherein 0 ℃ is equal to or greater than T0 and equal to or less than 200 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the application has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
the application relates to a nondestructive testing method and a nondestructive testing system for electric connection of output ends of multi-pile parallel thermal batteries, wherein the multi-pile parallel thermal batteries are formed by connecting n0 electric piles in parallel, and each electric pile is formed by connecting n1 single batteries, a certain number of heating plates and electric connection plates in series. Each single battery piece is formed by pressing three layers of an anode, an electrolyte and a cathode, in an inactive state, although the ion conductivity in the electrolyte is extremely low, weak ion transmission capacity can still form potential difference between the anode and the cathode, measurable impedance exists between the anode and the cathode, and weak current flows when an external circuit is connected. According to the application, through measuring the open-circuit voltage VD, the short-circuit current ID, the internal resistance RD and the capacitance CD in the unactivated state of the thermal battery, the electrical connection condition of the output end of the thermal battery is judged according to the intervals of the VD, the ID, the RD and the CD, so that the efficient, accurate and low-cost nondestructive detection of the electrical connection of the output end of the thermal battery in the whole life cycle is realized, and the fault type of the output end is further accurately positioned.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of embodiments of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the application. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a nondestructive testing method for electrical connection of output ends of a plurality of stacks of parallel thermal batteries;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a nondestructive testing system with multiple parallel stacks of battery outputs electrically connected.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making apparent the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application, the present application will be further described in detail with reference to the following examples and the accompanying drawings, wherein the exemplary embodiments of the present application and the descriptions thereof are for illustrating the present application only and are not to be construed as limiting the present application.
Based on the whole life cycle of production, storage, use and the like of the existing multi-stack parallel thermal batteries, the technical problems that the electrical connection of the output end cannot be fully covered, the detection is efficient and accurate, the cost is low, and the electrical connection fault is difficult to accurately locate are solved.
The application designs a nondestructive testing method and a nondestructive testing system for electric connection of output ends of multi-pile parallel thermal batteries, wherein the multi-pile parallel thermal batteries are formed by connecting n0 electric piles in parallel, and each electric pile is formed by connecting n1 single batteries, a certain number of heating plates and electric connection plates in series. Each single battery piece is formed by pressing three layers of an anode, an electrolyte and a cathode, in an inactive state, although the ion conductivity in the electrolyte is extremely low, weak ion transmission capacity can still form potential difference between the anode and the cathode, measurable impedance exists between the anode and the cathode, and weak current flows when an external circuit is connected. The open circuit voltage can be measured by a high input impedance voltmeter, the current can be measured by an ammeter, and the capacitance and impedance can be measured by an impedance analyzer. Considering the dispersibility of the unit cell pieces, it is assumed that the open circuit voltage V, the short circuit current I, the impedance R, and the capacitance C of each unit cell piece satisfy: VA is less than or equal to V is less than or equal to VB, IA is less than or equal to I is less than or equal to IB, RA is less than or equal to R is less than or equal to RB, CA is less than or equal to C is less than or equal to CB. Because the heating plate and the electric connection sheet are good conductors, the resistance is close to 0, and according to the series rule, the open circuit voltage VC, the short circuit current IC, the impedance RC and the capacitance CC of each electric pile are as follows: n1XVA is less than or equal to VC is less than or equal to n1XVB, IA is less than or equal to IC is less than or equal to IB, n1XRA is less than or equal to RC is less than or equal to n1XRB, CA/n1 is less than or equal to CC is less than or equal to CB/n1.
Further according to the parallel rule, the open circuit voltage VD, the short circuit current ID, the impedance RD and the capacitance CD of the normal multi-stack parallel thermal battery meet that n1×VA is less than or equal to VD is less than or equal to n1×VB, n0×IA is less than or equal to ID is less than or equal to n0×IB, n1×RA/n0 is less than or equal to RD is less than or equal to n1×RB/n0, and CA/n1×n0 is less than or equal to CD is less than or equal to CB/n1×n0.
Further, when there is one or more stacks shorted, vd=0, id=0, rd=0, cd=0.
Further, when all stacks are disconnected, vd=0, id=0, RD tends to infinity, and CD tends to 0, in practical application, 2×n1×rb/n0++rd, cd++ca/n1×n0/2 may be taken as criteria due to measuring the leakage resistance and parasitic capacitance of the cable.
Further, when m0 stacks are disconnected, n1XVA.ltoreq.VD.ltoreq.n1XVB, (n 0-m 0). Ltoreq.IA.ltoreq.ID.ltoreq.N 0-m 0). Ltoreq.IB, n1XRA/(n 0-m 0). Ltoreq.RD.ltoreq.n1XRB/(n 0-m 0), CA/n1X (n 0-m 0). Ltoreq.CD.ltoreq.CB/n 1X (n 0-m 0).
Further, when the h stacks are reversely connected, (n 0-2 h)/n0×n1×VA is equal to or smaller than VD is equal to or smaller than (n 0-2 h)/n0×n1×VB, (n 0-2 h) ×IA is equal to or smaller than ID is equal to or smaller than (n 0-2 h) ×IB, n1×RA/n0 is equal to or smaller than RD is equal to or smaller than n1×RB/n0, and CA/n1×n0 is equal to or smaller than CD is equal to or smaller than CB/n1×n0.
Further, when j stacks are disconnected and k stacks are reversely connected, (n 0-j-2 k)/(n 0-j) xn1xVA is smaller than or equal to VD is smaller than or equal to (n 0-j-2 k)/n0 xn1xVB, (n 0-j-2 k) xIA is smaller than or equal to ID is smaller than or equal to (n 0-j-2 k) xIB, n1xRA/(n 0-j) is smaller than or equal to RD is smaller than or equal to n1xRB/(n 0-j), CA/n1 x (n 0-j) is smaller than or equal to CD is smaller than or equal to CB/n1 x (n 0-j).
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the nondestructive testing method for the electrical connection of the output ends of the multi-stack parallel thermal batteries of the application comprises the following steps:
measuring open circuit voltage VD, short circuit current ID, internal resistance RD and capacitance CD of the multi-stack parallel thermal battery in an inactive state;
judging the electrical connection condition of the output ends of the multi-stack parallel thermal batteries according to the measured open circuit voltage VD, short circuit current ID, internal resistance RD and capacitance CD:
when n1xVA is less than or equal to VD and less than or equal to n1 xVB, n0xIA is less than or equal to ID and less than or equal to n0xIB, n1xRA/n0 is less than or equal to RD and less than or equal to n1xRB/n 0, CA/n1xn0 is less than or equal to CD and less than or equal to CB/n1xn0 are simultaneously met, the output ends of the multi-stack parallel thermal battery are electrically connected normally;
when vd=0, id=0, rd=0 and cd=0 are satisfied at the same time, there is a short circuit at the output ends of the multi-stack parallel thermal battery;
when VD=0, ID=0, 2×n1X (RB/n 0) < RD, CD < (CA/n 1) × (n 0/2) are satisfied at the same time, the output ends of the multi-stack parallel thermal batteries are all disconnected;
when n1×VA is less than or equal to VD is less than or equal to n1×VB, (n 0-m 0) ×IA is less than or equal to ID is less than or equal to (n 0-m 0) ×IB, n1×RA/(n 0-m 0) is less than or equal to RD is less than or equal to n1×RB/(n 0-m 0), CA/n1× (n 0-m 0) is less than or equal to CD is less than or equal to CB/n1× (n 0-m 0) is simultaneously met, then m0 galvanic pile open circuits exist at the output ends of the multi-pile parallel thermal batteries, and m0 is an integer and 1 is less than or equal to m0< n0;
when (n 0-2 h)/n0×n1XVA is less than or equal to VD and less than or equal to (n 0-2 h)/n0×n1XVB, (n 0-2 h) xIA is less than or equal to ID and less than or equal to (n 0-2 h) xIB, n1XRA/n0 is less than or equal to RD and less than or equal to n1XRB/n 0, CA/n1Xn0 is less than or equal to CD and less than or equal to CB/n1Xn0 are simultaneously met, h galvanic pile reverse connection exists at the output ends of the multi-pile parallel thermal battery, h is an integer and 1 is less than or equal to h < n0;
when (n 0-j-2 k)/(n 0-j) xn1xVA is less than or equal to VD is less than or equal to (n 0-j-2 k)/(n 0-j) xn1xVB, (n 0-j-2 k) xIA is less than or equal to ID is less than or equal to (n 0-j-2 k) xIB, n1xRA/(n 0-j) RD is less than or equal to n1xRB/(n 0-j), CA/n1x (n 0-j) CD is less than or equal to CB/n1x (n 0-j) is simultaneously met, j galvanic pile disconnection exists at the output end of the multi-pile parallel thermal battery, k galvanic piles are reversely connected, j and k are integers, and 1 is less than or equal to j < n0, and 1 is less than or equal to k is less than or equal to n0-j;
wherein n0 is the number of parallel galvanic piles in the thermal battery, n1 is the number of single battery pieces in each galvanic pile, and n0 and n1 are integers greater than 0; VA is the lower limit of the open-circuit voltage of the thermal battery cell, VB is the upper limit of the open-circuit voltage of the thermal battery cell; IA is the lower limit of the short-circuit current of the battery cell, IB is the upper limit of the short-circuit current of the battery cell; RA is the lower limit of the internal resistance of the thermal battery cell, and RB is the upper limit of the internal resistance of the thermal battery cell; CA is the lower limit of the capacitance of the battery cell, and CB is the upper limit of the capacitance of the battery cell.
The environment temperature of the open circuit voltage VD, the short circuit current ID, the internal resistance RD and the capacitor CD of the multi-stack parallel thermal battery in the inactive state is measured to be T0, wherein T0 is more than or equal to 0 ℃ and less than or equal to 200 ℃.
The specific implementation method comprises the following steps:
s10, preparing M1 thermal battery single cell sample A 1 、A 2 、…、A M1 And the blade is used for completely removing the serial powder at the edges of the M1 thermal battery single cell samples, so that the phenomenon of local short circuit between the positive electrode and the negative electrode in the single cell is avoided; m1 is an integer and 2 is less than or equal to M1;
s20, measuring open circuit voltages of the M1 thermal battery single battery pieces to be V1, V2, … and VM1 respectively;
measuring short-circuit currents of the M1 thermal battery single battery slices to be I1, … and IM1 respectively;
measuring the internal resistances of the M1 thermal battery single battery pieces to be R1, R2, … and RM1 respectively;
the capacitance of the M1 thermal battery single battery pieces is measured to be C1, C2, … and CM1 respectively;
s30, taking the maximum value of the open circuit voltages of the M1 battery cell pieces as an upper open circuit voltage limit VB, vb=max (V1, V2, …, VM 1);
taking the minimum value of the open circuit voltages of the M1 thermal battery cell slices as an open circuit voltage lower limit VA, VA=min (V1, V2, …, VM 1);
taking the maximum value of the short-circuit currents of the M1 thermal battery single battery slices as a short-circuit current upper limit IB, wherein IB=max (I1, … and IM 1);
taking the minimum value of the short-circuit currents of the M1 thermal battery single battery slices as a short-circuit current lower limit IA, IA=min (I1, …, IM 1);
taking the maximum value of the internal resistances of the M1 thermal battery cell pieces as an internal resistance upper limit RB, rb=max (R1, R2, …, RM 1);
taking the minimum value of the internal resistances of the M1 thermal battery cell slices as an internal resistance lower limit RA, wherein RA=min (R1, R2, …, RM 1);
taking the maximum value of the capacitances of the M1 thermal battery cell pieces as an upper capacitance limit CB, cb=max (C1, C2, …, CM 1);
the minimum value of the capacitances of the M1 thermal battery cell pieces is taken as a lower capacitance limit CA, ca=min (C1, C2, …, CM 1).
S40, according to the step S30, measuring an open circuit voltage VD, a short circuit current ID, an internal resistance RD and a capacitance CD of the multi-stack parallel thermal battery in an inactive state;
s50, checking whether VD, ID, RD and CD simultaneously meet the conditions that n1XVA is less than or equal to VD and less than or equal to n1 XVB, n0XIA is less than or equal to ID and less than or equal to n0XIB, n1XRA/n0 is less than or equal to RD and less than or equal to n1XRB/n 0, CA/n1Xn0 is less than or equal to CD and less than or equal to CB/n1Xn0, if so, the output ends of the multi-stack parallel thermal battery are electrically connected normally, and if not, entering the next step of judgment.
S60, checking whether VD, ID, RD and CD simultaneously satisfy "vd=0, id=0, rd=0, cd=0", if so, the output ends of the multi-stack parallel thermal battery have a short circuit, and if not, proceeding to the next step of judgment.
S70, checking whether VD, ID, RD and CD simultaneously meet 'VD=0, ID=0, 2 Xn1× (RB/n 0) < RD, CD < (CA/n 1) × (n 0/2)', if so, all the output ends of the multi-stack parallel thermal battery are disconnected, and if not, entering the next step for judgment.
S80, checking whether VD, ID, RD and CD simultaneously meet the conditions that "n1XVA is less than or equal to VD is less than or equal to n1 XVB, (n 0-m 0) xIA is less than or equal to ID is less than or equal to (n 0-m 0) xIB, n1XRA/(n 0-m 0) is less than or equal to RD is less than or equal to n1XRB/(n 0-m 0), CA/n1X (n 0-m 0) is less than or equal to CD is less than or equal to CB/n1X (n 0-m 0)", and if yes, m0 galvanic pile disconnection exists at the output ends of the multi-pile parallel thermal battery, and if no condition is met, the next step judgment is entered.
S90, checking whether VD, ID, RD and CD simultaneously meet the conditions of "(n 0-2 h)/n 0 xn1 xVA is less than or equal to VD is less than or equal to (n 0-2 h)/n 0 xn1 xVB, (n 0-2 h) xIA is less than or equal to ID is less than or equal to (n 0-2 h) xIB, n1 xRA/n 0 is less than or equal to RD is less than or equal to n1 xRB/n 0, CA/n1 xn0 is less than or equal to CD is less than or equal to CB/n1 xn 0", if yes, the output ends of the multi-stack parallel thermal battery are provided with h galvanic pile reverse connection, and if not meeting the condition, the next step judgment is carried out.
S100, checking whether VD, ID, RD and CD simultaneously meet (n 0-j-2 k)/(n 0-j) xn1xVA less than or equal to VD less than or equal to (n 0-j-2 k)/n0 xn1xVB, (n 0-j-2 k) xIA less than or equal to ID less than or equal to (n 0-j-2 k) xIB, n1xRA/(n 0-j) less than or equal to RD less than or equal to n1xRB/(n 0-j), CA/n1 x (n 0-j) less than or equal to CD less than or equal to CB/n1 x (n 0-j) ", and if so, j galvanic pile open circuits exist at the output ends of the multi-pile parallel thermal battery, and k galvanic piles are reversely connected.
Compared with the prior art, the application can realize high-efficiency, accurate and low-cost nondestructive detection of the electrical connection of the output ends of the multi-stack parallel thermal battery full life cycle based on the thermal battery open-circuit voltage, the short-circuit current, the impedance and the capacitance, and accurately position the fault type of the output ends.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 2, this embodiment differs from embodiment 1 in that this embodiment provides a nondestructive testing system in which output ends of a plurality of parallel heat batteries are electrically connected, the system including:
the measuring unit is used for measuring the open circuit voltage VD, the short circuit current ID, the internal resistance RD and the capacitance CD of the multi-stack parallel thermal battery in an inactive state;
the electric connection judging unit judges the electric connection condition of the output ends of the multi-stack parallel thermal batteries according to the measured open circuit voltage VD, short circuit current ID, internal resistance RD and capacitance CD;
the implementation process of the electrical connection judging unit comprises the following steps:
when n1xVA is less than or equal to VD and less than or equal to n1 xVB, n0xIA is less than or equal to ID and less than or equal to n0xIB, n1xRA/n0 is less than or equal to RD and less than or equal to n1xRB/n 0, CA/n1xn0 is less than or equal to CD and less than or equal to CB/n1xn0 are simultaneously met, the output ends of the multi-stack parallel thermal battery are electrically connected normally;
when vd=0, id=0, rd=0 and cd=0 are satisfied at the same time, there is a short circuit at the output ends of the multi-stack parallel thermal battery;
when VD=0, ID=0, 2×n1X (RB/n 0) < RD, CD < (CA/n 1) × (n 0/2) are satisfied at the same time, the output ends of the multi-stack parallel thermal batteries are all disconnected;
wherein n0 is the number of parallel galvanic piles in the thermal battery, n1 is the number of single battery pieces in each galvanic pile, and n0 and n1 are integers greater than 0; VA is the lower limit of the open-circuit voltage of the thermal battery cell, VB is the upper limit of the open-circuit voltage of the thermal battery cell; IA is the lower limit of the short-circuit current of the battery cell, IB is the upper limit of the short-circuit current of the battery cell; RA is the lower limit of the internal resistance of the thermal battery cell, and RB is the upper limit of the internal resistance of the thermal battery cell; CA is the lower limit of the capacitance of the battery cell, and CB is the upper limit of the capacitance of the battery cell.
As a further implementation, the implementation procedure of the electrical connection judging unit further includes:
when n1×VA is less than or equal to VD is less than or equal to n1×VB, (n 0-m 0) ×IA is less than or equal to ID is less than or equal to (n 0-m 0) ×IB, n1×RA/(n 0-m 0) is less than or equal to RD is less than or equal to n1×RB/(n 0-m 0), CA/n1× (n 0-m 0) is less than or equal to CD is less than or equal to CB/n1× (n 0-m 0) is simultaneously met, then m0 galvanic pile open circuits exist at the output ends of the multi-pile parallel thermal batteries, and m0 is an integer and 1 is less than or equal to m0< n0;
when (n 0-2 h)/n0×n1XVA is less than or equal to VD and less than or equal to (n 0-2 h)/n0×n1XVB, (n 0-2 h) xIA is less than or equal to ID and less than or equal to (n 0-2 h) xIB, n1XRA/n0 is less than or equal to RD and less than or equal to n1XRB/n 0, CA/n1Xn0 is less than or equal to CD and less than or equal to CB/n1Xn0 are simultaneously met, h galvanic pile reverse connection exists at the output ends of the multi-pile parallel thermal battery, h is an integer and 1 is less than or equal to h < n0;
when (n 0-j-2 k)/(n 0-j) xn1xVA is less than or equal to VD is less than or equal to (n 0-j-2 k)/(n 0-j) xn1xVB, (n 0-j-2 k) xIA is less than or equal to ID is less than or equal to (n 0-j-2 k) xIB, n1xRA/(n 0-j) RD is less than or equal to n1xRB/(n 0-j), CA/n1x (n 0-j) CD is less than or equal to CB/n1x (n 0-j) is simultaneously met, j galvanic pile disconnection exists at the output end of the multi-pile parallel thermal battery, k galvanic piles are reversely connected, j and k are integers, and 1 is less than or equal to j < n0, and 1 is less than or equal to k is less than or equal to n0-j.
The execution process of each unit is performed according to the flow steps of the nondestructive testing method for the electrical connection of the output ends of the multi-stack parallel thermal batteries in embodiment 1, and the detailed description is omitted in this embodiment.
In order to obtain specific output voltage and current, the interior of the thermal battery is generally formed by connecting a plurality of single battery pieces in series to form a galvanic pile, and then a plurality of galvanic piles are connected in parallel to form a single thermal battery. The on-off and polarity of the electrical connection circuit must be strictly detected in the production and inspection of the thermal battery. The method and the system solve the technical problems that the electrical connection of the output ends of the multi-stack parallel thermal batteries cannot be comprehensively, efficiently, accurately and accurately detected at low cost and the electrical connection faults are difficult to accurately position, and the electrical connection conditions of the output ends of the thermal batteries are judged according to the intervals of the VD, ID, RD and CD parameters by measuring the open circuit voltage VD, the short circuit current ID, the internal resistance RD or the capacitance CD of the unactivated state of the thermal batteries, so that the high-efficiency, accurate and low-cost nondestructive detection of the electrical connection of the output ends of the thermal batteries in the whole life cycle is realized, and the fault types of the output ends are accurately positioned.
The foregoing description of the embodiments has been provided for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the application, and is not meant to limit the scope of the application, but to limit the application to the particular embodiments, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. that fall within the spirit and principles of the application are intended to be included within the scope of the application.

Claims (10)

1. The nondestructive testing method for the electrical connection of the output ends of the multi-stack parallel thermal batteries is characterized by comprising the following steps:
measuring open circuit voltage VD, short circuit current ID, internal resistance RD and capacitance CD of the multi-stack parallel thermal battery in an inactive state;
judging the electrical connection condition of the output ends of the multi-stack parallel thermal batteries according to the measured open circuit voltage VD, short circuit current ID, internal resistance RD and capacitance CD:
when n1xVA is less than or equal to VD and less than or equal to n1 xVB, n0xIA is less than or equal to ID and less than or equal to n0xIB, n1xRA/n0 is less than or equal to RD and less than or equal to n1xRB/n 0, CA/n1xn0 is less than or equal to CD and less than or equal to CB/n1xn0 are simultaneously met, the output ends of the multi-stack parallel thermal battery are electrically connected normally;
when vd=0, id=0, rd=0 and cd=0 are satisfied at the same time, there is a short circuit at the output ends of the multi-stack parallel thermal battery;
when VD=0, ID=0, 2×n1X (RB/n 0) < RD, CD < (CA/n 1) × (n 0/2) are satisfied at the same time, the output ends of the multi-stack parallel thermal batteries are all disconnected;
wherein n0 is the number of parallel galvanic piles in the thermal battery, n1 is the number of single battery cells in each galvanic pile, VA is the lower limit of the open-circuit voltage of the single battery cells, VB is the upper limit of the open-circuit voltage of the single battery cells; IA is the lower limit of the short-circuit current of the battery cell, IB is the upper limit of the short-circuit current of the battery cell; RA is the lower limit of the internal resistance of the thermal battery cell, and RB is the upper limit of the internal resistance of the thermal battery cell; CA is the lower limit of the capacitance of the battery cell, and CB is the upper limit of the capacitance of the battery cell.
2. The method for non-destructive testing of electrical connections between outputs of a plurality of parallel thermal batteries of claim 1, further comprising:
when n1XVA is less than or equal to VD is less than or equal to n1XVB, (n 0-m 0) XIA is less than or equal to ID is less than or equal to (n 0-m 0) XIB, n1XRA/(n 0-m 0) RD is less than or equal to n 1X
When RB/(n 0-m 0), CA/n1× (n 0-m 0) < CD < CB/n1× (n 0-m 0) are satisfied simultaneously, m0 galvanic pile open circuits exist at the output ends of the multi-pile parallel thermal batteries, m0 is an integer, and m0 is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 0< n0.
3. The nondestructive testing method for electrical connection of output ends of a plurality of parallel thermal batteries according to claim 2, further comprising:
when (n 0-2 h)/n0×n1×VA is less than or equal to VD is less than or equal to (n 0-2 h)/n0×n1×VB, (n 0-2 h) ×IA is less than or equal to ID is less than or equal to (n 0-2 h) ×IB, n1×RA/n0 is less than or equal to RD is less than or equal to n1×RB/n0, CA/n1×n0 is less than or equal to CD is less than or equal to CB/n1×n0 and is simultaneously satisfied, then h galvanic pile inversions are arranged at the output ends of the multi-pile parallel thermal battery, wherein h is an integer and 1 is less than or equal to h < n0.
4. A method of non-destructive testing of the electrical connection of the outputs of a plurality of parallel thermal batteries of claim 3, further comprising:
when (n 0-j-2 k)/(n 0-j) xn1xVA is less than or equal to VD is less than or equal to (n 0-j-2 k)/(n 0-j) xn1xVB, (n 0-j-2 k) xIA is less than or equal to ID is less than or equal to (n 0-j-2 k) xIB, n1xRA/(n 0-j) RD is less than or equal to n1xRB/(n 0-j), CA/n1x (n 0-j) CD is less than or equal to CB/n1x (n 0-j) is simultaneously met, j galvanic pile disconnection exists at the output end of the multi-pile parallel thermal battery, k galvanic piles are reversely connected, j and k are integers, and 1 is less than or equal to j < n0, and 1 is less than or equal to k is less than or equal to n0-j.
5. The nondestructive testing method for electrical connection of output ends of multi-stack parallel thermal batteries according to claim 1, wherein the acquiring method of VA, VB, IA, IB, RA, RB, CA and CB specifically comprises:
preparation of M1 thermal battery cell sample A 1 、A 2 、…、A M1 And the blade is used for completely removing the serial powder at the edges of the samples of the M1 thermal battery single battery pieces, M1 is an integer and is less than or equal to 2 and equal to M1;
measuring open circuit voltages of the M1 thermal battery cell slices to be V1, V2, … and VM1 respectively;
measuring short-circuit currents of the M1 thermal battery single battery pieces to be I1, … and IM1 respectively;
measuring the internal resistances of the M1 thermal battery single battery pieces to be R1, R2, … and RM1 respectively;
the capacitance of the M1 thermal battery single battery pieces is measured to be C1, C2, … and CM1 respectively;
taking the maximum value of the open circuit voltages of the M1 thermal battery cell slices as an upper open circuit voltage limit VB, VB=max (V1, V2, … and VM 1);
taking the minimum value of the open circuit voltages of the M1 thermal battery cell slices as an open circuit voltage lower limit VA, VA=min (V1, V2, …, VM 1);
taking the maximum value of the short-circuit currents of the M1 thermal battery single battery slices as a short-circuit current upper limit IB, wherein IB=max (I1, … and IM 1);
taking the minimum value of the short-circuit currents of the M1 thermal battery single battery slices as a short-circuit current lower limit IA, IA=min (I1, …, IM 1);
taking the maximum value of the internal resistances of the M1 thermal battery cell pieces as an internal resistance upper limit RB, rb=max (R1, R2, …, RM 1);
taking the minimum value of the internal resistances of the M1 thermal battery cell slices as an internal resistance lower limit RA, wherein RA=min (R1, R2, …, RM 1);
taking the maximum value of the capacitances of the M1 thermal battery cell pieces as an upper capacitance limit CB, cb=max (C1, C2, …, CM 1);
taking the minimum value of the capacitance of the M1 thermal battery cell pieces as a lower limit CA of the capacitance, ca=min (C1, C2, …, CM 1).
6. The nondestructive testing method for electrical connection of output ends of multi-stack parallel thermal batteries according to claim 5, wherein the steps of measuring open circuit voltage of the M1 thermal battery single battery pieces, measuring short circuit current of the M1 thermal battery single battery pieces, measuring internal resistance of the M1 thermal battery single battery pieces and measuring capacitance of the M1 thermal battery single battery pieces are all carried out at an ambient temperature of T0, and T0 is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 200 ℃.
7. The nondestructive testing method for electrical connection of output ends of multi-stack parallel thermal batteries according to claim 1, wherein the environmental temperature of the open circuit voltage VD, the short circuit current ID, the internal resistance RD and the capacitor CD of the multi-stack parallel thermal batteries in an inactive state is measured to be T0, wherein T0 is equal to or more than 0 ℃ and equal to or less than 200 ℃.
8. The nondestructive testing system with the output ends of the multi-stack parallel thermal batteries electrically connected is characterized by comprising:
the measuring unit is used for measuring the open circuit voltage VD, the short circuit current ID, the internal resistance RD and the capacitance CD of the multi-stack parallel thermal battery in an inactive state;
the electric connection judging unit judges the electric connection condition of the output ends of the multi-stack parallel thermal batteries according to the measured open circuit voltage VD, short circuit current ID, internal resistance RD and capacitance CD;
the execution process of the electric connection judging unit comprises the following steps:
when n1xVA is less than or equal to VD and less than or equal to n1 xVB, n0xIA is less than or equal to ID and less than or equal to n0xIB, n1xRA/n0 is less than or equal to RD and less than or equal to n1xRB/n 0, CA/n1xn0 is less than or equal to CD and less than or equal to CB/n1xn0 are simultaneously met, the output ends of the multi-stack parallel thermal battery are electrically connected normally;
when vd=0, id=0, rd=0 and cd=0 are satisfied at the same time, there is a short circuit at the output ends of the multi-stack parallel thermal battery;
when VD=0, ID=0, 2×n1X (RB/n 0) < RD, CD < (CA/n 1) × (n 0/2) are satisfied at the same time, the output ends of the multi-stack parallel thermal batteries are all disconnected;
wherein n0 is the number of parallel galvanic piles in the thermal battery, n1 is the number of single battery cells in each galvanic pile, VA is the lower limit of the open-circuit voltage of the single battery cells, VB is the upper limit of the open-circuit voltage of the single battery cells; IA is the lower limit of the short-circuit current of the battery cell, IB is the upper limit of the short-circuit current of the battery cell; RA is the lower limit of the internal resistance of the thermal battery cell, and RB is the upper limit of the internal resistance of the thermal battery cell; CA is the lower limit of the capacitance of the battery cell, and CB is the upper limit of the capacitance of the battery cell.
9. The nondestructive testing system for electrical connection of output ends of a plurality of parallel thermal batteries according to claim 8, wherein the electrical connection judging unit further performs the steps of:
when n1XVA is less than or equal to VD is less than or equal to n1XVB, (n 0-m 0) XIA is less than or equal to ID is less than or equal to (n 0-m 0) XIB, n1XRA/(n 0-m 0) RD is less than or equal to n 1X
When RB/(n 0-m 0), CA/n1× (n 0-m 0) is more than or equal to CD and less than or equal to CB/n1× (n 0-m 0) is simultaneously satisfied, m0 galvanic pile open circuits exist at the output ends of the multi-pile parallel thermal batteries, m0 is an integer, and m0 is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n 0< n0;
when (n 0-2 h)/n0×n1XVA is less than or equal to VD and less than or equal to (n 0-2 h)/n0×n1XVB, (n 0-2 h) xIA is less than or equal to ID and less than or equal to (n 0-2 h) xIB, n1XRA/n0 is less than or equal to RD and less than or equal to n1XRB/n 0, CA/n1Xn0 is less than or equal to CD and less than or equal to CB/n1Xn0 are simultaneously met, h galvanic pile reverse connection exists at the output ends of the multi-pile parallel thermal battery, h is an integer and 1 is less than or equal to h < n0;
when (n 0-j-2 k)/(n 0-j) xn1xVA is less than or equal to VD is less than or equal to (n 0-j-2 k)/(n 0-j) xn1xVB, (n 0-j-2 k) xIA is less than or equal to ID is less than or equal to (n 0-j-2 k) xIB, n1xRA/(n 0-j) RD is less than or equal to n1xRB/(n 0-j), CA/n1x (n 0-j) CD is less than or equal to CB/n1x (n 0-j) is simultaneously met, j galvanic pile disconnection exists at the output end of the multi-pile parallel thermal battery, k galvanic piles are reversely connected, j and k are integers, and 1 is less than or equal to j < n0, and 1 is less than or equal to k is less than or equal to n0-j.
10. The nondestructive testing system for electrical connection of output ends of a plurality of parallel thermal batteries according to claim 8, wherein the measuring unit measures the environmental temperature of the plurality of parallel thermal batteries at T0, wherein 0 ℃ is equal to or higher than T0 is equal to or lower than 200 ℃, when the open circuit voltage VD, the short circuit current ID, the internal resistance RD, and the capacitance CD of the plurality of parallel thermal batteries are in an inactive state.
CN202310806555.4A 2023-06-30 2023-06-30 Nondestructive testing method and system for electrical connection of output ends of multi-stack parallel thermal batteries Pending CN116953535A (en)

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