CN116950614A - Non-cable transmission intelligent level selection perforation method - Google Patents
Non-cable transmission intelligent level selection perforation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN116950614A CN116950614A CN202310880166.6A CN202310880166A CN116950614A CN 116950614 A CN116950614 A CN 116950614A CN 202310880166 A CN202310880166 A CN 202310880166A CN 116950614 A CN116950614 A CN 116950614A
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 210000002445 nipple Anatomy 0.000 claims description 60
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000010485 coping Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003721 gunpowder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009191 jumping Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010187 selection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/11—Perforators; Permeators
- E21B43/116—Gun or shaped-charge perforators
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/11—Perforators; Permeators
- E21B43/116—Gun or shaped-charge perforators
- E21B43/1185—Ignition systems
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/11—Perforators; Permeators
- E21B43/119—Details, e.g. for locating perforating place or direction
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of oil and gas well perforation operation, and particularly relates to a non-cable transmission intelligent grade selection perforation method, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the specific operation steps are as follows: 1) Conveying the intelligent grade-selecting perforation tool string to a downhole target layer; 2) Pressurizing the wellhead oil pipe to the ignition pressure to enable the main control short joint circuit to be closed, and starting self-checking; 3) After the self-inspection is qualified, completing perforation emission according to a program; 4) Sequentially lifting the tubular columns until perforation of each layer is completed; 5) After perforation is completed, the wellhead oil pipe is pressurized to the termination pressure, the main control short section circuit is disconnected, and perforation operation is finished. The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the invention solves the problem of multi-cluster electronic grading perforation of oil pipe transmission once descending, has self-detection and fault adjustment functions, increases time delay by manual intervention and skips fault guns to realize grading perforation, improves perforation operation efficiency, and improves the processing capacity of coping with complex well conditions of unconventional oil gas horizontal wells such as shale gas, compact oil gas and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of oil and gas well perforation operation, and particularly relates to a non-cable transmission intelligent grade selection perforation method.
Background
When the oil-gas well is constructed, the drilling track of part of the well is unfavorable for cable transportation, part of the well casing is seriously deformed and damaged, the casing annulus pressure is seriously lost, the annulus pressurization is difficult, or a shaft is blocked by sand deposition, a tool string is easy to block, and the like, and a series of complex conditions lead to difficult construction of cable pumping selection transmitting holes, and the requirements can be met only by non-cable selection level perforating. The oil pipe partition board delayed perforation dragging process is adopted, and although the problem is solved, the powder delay time is relatively short, generally 6-10 minutes, and if the dragging process fails, the perforation position cannot be reached in the delay time, so that a false perforation accident can be caused.
Besides the gunpowder delay mode, there is also an electronic delay mode, and the oil pipe transmission multistage perforation operation method is realized through a mechanical positive and negative pressure switch, and the methods are all actually to sequentially grade perforation from top to bottom, and have no grade selection function. Together, the following problems need to be solved: a) The control circuit is not disconnected from the power supply, and the perforating gun string is provided with detonating elements such as detonators, so that the perforating gun string is very dangerous, particularly, the perforating gun string is assembled on the ground, and the live operation is strictly forbidden; b) In normal operation, if the staged detonation is controlled by multiple pressing, higher requirements are put forward on ground equipment, and meanwhile, the process difference between the continuous oil pipe and the common oil pipe is very large, so that the process cannot be considered; c) The positive and negative pressure switch is a product and a process accessory about 2010, and with the appearance of new technology and new products such as a modularized perforation technology, an addressing module, even a selective detonator (an internal integrated addressing circuit) and the like, the time delay is more accurate and controllable, the failure rate is lower, the construction time efficiency is higher, and the original method can not meet new technical requirements; d) Under the condition of complex well condition of the oil and gas reservoir, unexpected events such as time delay mismatch and the like can occur in one-time well descending, scientific analysis and treatment methods are needed on the ground, if the conditions allow, the number of times of lifting a pipe column is reduced as much as possible, the grade selection function is increased, 1-2 grade perforation is abandoned if necessary, and the construction is continued after jumping to the upper grade. These all place an urgent need for non-cable delivery stage-selection perforation technology.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a non-cable transmission intelligent stage selection perforating method, which overcomes the defects of the prior art, is matched with the new technical conditions of the existing new products, realizes the electronic delay, multi-stage perforation or stage selection perforation of a perforating gun for selecting a detonator (an internal integrated addressing circuit) by once descending the oil pipe (or a continuous oil pipe) in a transmission way, solves the problems of live working of a perforating tool string, fault of a self-checking pipe string and the like in the normal operation one-time pressing and avoiding operation process, improves the perforating operation efficiency of the oil pipe, reduces the operation cost, and simultaneously improves the processing capacity of carrying out perforating operation corresponding to complex well conditions.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the intelligent level selection perforation method for non-cable transmission is characterized in that: the specific operation steps are as follows:
1) The intelligent grade selection perforation tool string is conveyed to a downhole target layer through a continuous oil pipe or an oil pipe, and is sequentially connected by a composite switch nipple, a self-locking pressure transmission nipple, a main control nipple and a selective transmission perforation tube cluster;
2) When the wellhead oil pipe is pressurized to ignition pressure for the first time, the composite switch nipple acts to push the transmission shaft of the self-locking pressure transmission nipple to move, so that the circuit of the main control nipple is closed, and self-checking is started;
3) After the self-inspection is qualified, sending an instruction to a selected detonator in the intelligent stage-selection perforation tool string according to a preset internal program to complete perforation emission;
4) Sequentially lifting the tubular columns until perforation of each layer is completed;
5) After perforation is completed, the wellhead oil pipe is pressurized to a termination pressure, the compound switch nipple continues to act and is self-locked, well fluid in the oil pipe is communicated with the annular space of the sleeve, meanwhile, the self-locking pressure transmission nipple transmission shaft continues to move, the circuit of the main control nipple is disconnected, perforation operation is completed, and the intelligent grade selection perforation tool string is pulled out of the well.
The well head oil pipe pressurization pressure value is provided with a plurality of gear, includes: an ignition pressure, a termination pressure, and a plurality of pause pressures, each gear pressure value being programmed according to different well conditions.
Each pressure value is defined as: under the ignition pressure, the main control short joint circuit is closed, self-checking is started, and after the self-checking is qualified, a normal ignition program is executed; under the suspension pressure, a ground operator decides whether to discard the perforating gun with abnormal state in the intelligent stage selection perforating tool string or increase the delay time, and a main control short section (4) circuit starts a delay program, so that the delay time can be set; setting each pause pressure value from low to high in the end pressure range, wherein the delay time corresponding to each pause pressure value can be the same or different; and under the termination pressure, the perforation operation is finished or the perforation needs to be terminated when a fault is encountered, the ground oil pipe is pressed to a termination pressure value, the main control short section circuit is disconnected, and the intelligent stage selection perforation tool string is pulled out of the well.
The composite switch nipple comprises an upper connector, a core body, a body and a lower connector, wherein the upper connector is provided with a bypass hole and an elastic self-locking pin, and the joint of the interior of the upper connector and the core body is provided with a seal; the left end of the core body is provided with a pressure sensor which is used for feeding back the pressure value in the oil pipe to the main control short joint circuit, and a large shearing sleeve and a small shearing sleeve are sequentially arranged between the outer circle of the right end of the core body and the lower joint and are fixed through pins; the number of the pins arranged on the large shearing sleeve is determined according to the ignition pressure value, and the number of the pins arranged on the small shearing sleeve is determined according to the termination pressure value; the upper connector, the body and the lower connector are connected through threads in sequence, and the large shearing sleeve is limited after the upper connector and the body are assembled; the small shear sleeve is limited by the step in the lower joint after moving rightwards.
The self-locking pressure transmission nipple comprises a protective sleeve, a transmission shaft, a spring, a self-locking pin, a shell, a conduction sleeve and a conductive spring, wherein the protective sleeve is fixed on the left end face of the transmission shaft through threads, the spring is assembled between the transmission shaft and an inner hole of the shell, the conduction sleeve is in threaded connection with the right end of the transmission shaft and then is limited, and the conductive spring is arranged on the outer circle of the conduction sleeve.
The main control short section is internally provided with a main control circuit and a high-temperature battery, and the main control circuit is provided with an interface communicated with a computer and used for writing a program; the program sets a five-gear pressure value and a time delay interval according to the construction well parameters and perforation design, and the main control circuit is electrically connected with the pressure sensor.
The selected perforating tube clusters comprise sealed core-passing pup joints, perforating guns and tail plugs, wherein selected detonators of an integrated addressing circuit are arranged in the perforating guns, and the number of the selected perforating tube clusters is consistent with that of the perforating segments.
When the number of detected selected perforating tube clusters is smaller than the number of perforating segments in the self-checking process, the circuit is in a waiting state and does not work; if the ground operator decides to discard the current level to continue perforation, the tubular column is moved to the next destination layer, the wellhead oil pipe is pressurized to a pause pressure value, and the main control short section circuit adjusts the corresponding delay time to continue to complete the residual perforation task.
After the intelligent level selection perforation tool string is put into a preset position in a well, activating a circuit to work in an oil pipe internal pressurization mode, wherein the oil pipe internal and the pipe external are in an isolated state, and perforation operation is not influenced by an external annulus; in the process of the intelligent level selection perforation tool string being lowered, the internal circuit is in an off state, and when the operation is finished or the operation is terminated, the internal circuit is also in the off state.
When the intelligent level selection perforating tool string is used for perforating, the pressure of the wellhead oil pipe can be relieved, and perforating operation is not affected by pressure reduction in the oil pipe; providing an oil pipe sleeve communication channel after perforation operation is completed or terminated; when well control risks occur, a well fluid circulation channel is provided, and when the oil pipe is lifted, the liquid level in the oil pipe automatically descends.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) The main control circuit is always in a switch-off state in the process of completing well entering and in the process of stopping operation or ending the starting process of assembling the intelligent level selection perforation tool string, and is used for initiating the no-current passing of a selected detonator of initiating explosive devices such as perforating charges and the like, so that the construction safety is ensured.
2) The perforation operation adopts an oil pipe internal pressurization mode, the perforation operation is not affected by an external annulus, and the normal operation can be still realized under the abnormal conditions of casing damage, serious pressure leakage or no passage between a first-layer casing and a bottom layer.
3) When the oil pipe is dragged to lift and detach the oil pipe or the oil pipe is connected below, the wellhead can unload pressure, and the perforation operation is not influenced by pressure reduction and perforation vibration in the oil pipe due to the mechanical self-locking structure of the self-locking pressure transmission nipple.
4) The perforation operation is completed or the operation is terminated, and an oil pipe sleeve communication channel is provided. When well control risks occur, a well fluid circulation channel is provided, and when the oil pipe is lifted, the liquid level in the oil pipe automatically descends.
5) The main control nipple can directly complete the grade selection perforation by driving the selective detonator (the addressing circuit is integrated in the main control nipple), and is matched with the latest technical products, the current various grade selection perforations of the oil-gas well are all large-resistance detonators, and the sequential detonation is completed by supplying power to the anode and the cathode, or the sequential detonation is realized by the addressing module, and the grade selection function is not realized.
6) Because of using multi-stage selection perforating tube clusters, 40-cluster selection perforation can be realized in one-time descending, and the requirements of most application occasions are met. The problem of oil pipe transmission is multi-cluster electronic hierarchical perforation of going into the well once is solved, simultaneously has self-detection and trouble adjustment function, and manual intervention increases delay time and skips the trouble rifle and realize selecting the level perforation, has improved oil pipe multistage perforation operating efficiency, has improved the throughput of coping with the complicated well condition of unconventional oil gas horizontal well such as shale gas, compact oil gas.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of perforating stage selection control of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the intelligent stage selection perforation condition judgment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the composite switch nipple of the present invention in an initial state;
fig. 4 is a position diagram of the composite switch nipple of the present invention after p=15 MPa action;
fig. 5 is a position diagram of the composite switch nipple of the present invention after p=35 MPa action;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a self-locking pressure-transmitting nipple of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a multi-stage selection perforating gun cluster configuration of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the connection of the intelligent stage selection perforation tool string to the tubing of the present invention;
in the figure, 1-oil pipe; 2-a composite switch nipple; 3-self-locking pressure transmission pup joint; 4-a master control nipple; 5-multi-stage selection of perforating tube clusters 21-upper connectors; 22-core; 23-body; 24-a pressure sensor; 25-large shearing sleeves; 26-small shear sleeve; 27-pins; 28-elastic self-locking pin; 29-lower joint; 31-protecting sleeve; 32-a transmission shaft; 33-a spring; 34-self locking pin; 35-a housing; 36-conducting sleeve; 37-conductive springs; 51-sealing the over-core joint; 52-selecting a detonator perforating gun; 53-tail plug.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made apparent and fully in view of the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all embodiments of the invention are shown.
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following description will briefly explain the embodiments that are needed in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions, and it is obvious that the embodiments in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention and that other embodiments may be obtained according to these embodiments without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the specific embodiments herein can be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention, as provided in the specific embodiments, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention.
1-2 and 8, the structure of the embodiment of the non-cable transmission intelligent stage selection perforation method is schematically shown, and the specific operation steps are as follows: 1) The intelligent grade selection perforation tool string is conveyed to a downhole target layer through a continuous oil pipe or an oil pipe 1, and is sequentially connected by a composite switch nipple 2, a self-locking pressure transmission nipple 3, a main control nipple 4 and a selective transmission perforation pipe cluster 5;
2) When the wellhead oil pipe is pressurized to ignition pressure for the first time, the composite switch nipple acts to push the transmission shaft of the self-locking pressure transmission nipple to move, so that the circuit of the main control nipple is closed, and self-checking is started;
3) After the self-inspection is qualified, sending an instruction to a selected detonator in the intelligent stage-selection perforation tool string according to a preset internal program to complete perforation emission; when the number of detected selected transmitting perforating tube clusters 5 is smaller than the number of perforating segments in self-checking, the circuit is in a waiting state and does not work; if the ground operator decides to discard the current level to continue perforation, the tubular column is moved to the next destination layer, the wellhead oil pipe is pressurized to a pause pressure value, the main control short section 4 circuit adjusts the corresponding delay time, and the residual perforation task is continuously completed.
4) Sequentially lifting the tubular columns until perforation of each layer is completed;
5) After perforation is completed, the wellhead oil pipe is pressurized to a termination pressure, the compound switch nipple continues to act and is self-locked, well fluid in the oil pipe is communicated with the annular space of the sleeve, meanwhile, the self-locking pressure transmission nipple transmission shaft continues to move, the circuit of the main control nipple is disconnected, perforation operation is completed, and the intelligent grade selection perforation tool string is pulled out of the well.
After the intelligent level selection perforation tool string is put into a preset position in a well, activating a circuit to work in an oil pipe internal pressurization mode, wherein the oil pipe internal and the pipe external are in an isolated state, and perforation operation is not influenced by an external annulus; in the process of the intelligent level selection perforation tool string being lowered, the internal circuit is in an off state, and when the operation is finished or the operation is terminated, the internal circuit is also in the off state.
When the intelligent level selection perforating tool string is used for perforating, the pressure of the wellhead oil pipe can be relieved, and perforation operation is not affected by pressure reduction in the oil pipe; providing an oil pipe sleeve communication channel after perforation operation is completed or terminated; when well control risks occur, a well fluid circulation channel is provided, and when the oil pipe is lifted, the liquid level in the oil pipe automatically descends.
The well head oil pipe pressurization pressure value is provided with a plurality of gear, includes: an ignition pressure, a termination pressure, and a plurality of pause pressures, each gear pressure value being programmed according to different well conditions.
Each pressure value is defined as: under the ignition pressure, the main control nipple 4 is closed, self-checking is started, and after the self-checking is qualified, a normal ignition program is executed; under the suspension pressure, a ground operator can determine whether to discard the perforating gun with abnormal state in the intelligent stage selection perforating tool string or increase the delay processing time, and a main control pup joint (4) circuit starts a delay program, so that the delay processing time can be set; setting each pause pressure value from low to high in the end pressure range, wherein the delay time corresponding to each pause pressure value can be the same or different; under the termination pressure, the perforation operation is finished or the perforation needs to be terminated when a fault is encountered, a ground operator presses an oil pipe to a termination pressure value, a circuit of the main control nipple 4 is disconnected, and the intelligent stage selection perforation tool string is pulled out of the well.
Referring to fig. 3-5, the composite switch nipple 2 comprises an upper connector 21, a core 22, a body 23 and a lower connector 29, wherein a bypass hole and an elastic self-locking pin 28 are arranged on the upper connector 21, and a seal is arranged at the joint of the interior of the upper connector 21 and the core 22; the left end of the core 22 is provided with a pressure sensor 24 for feeding back the pressure value in the oil pipe to a circuit of the main control nipple 4, and a large shearing sleeve 25 and a small shearing sleeve 26 are sequentially arranged between the outer circle of the right end of the core 22 and a lower joint 29 and are fixed through a pin 27; the number of pins 27 arranged on the large shear sleeve 25 is determined according to the ignition pressure value, and the number of pins 27 arranged on the small shear sleeve 26 is determined according to the termination pressure value; the upper connector 21, the body 23 and the lower connector 29 are connected sequentially through threads, and the large shear sleeve 25 is limited after the upper connector 21 and the body 23 are assembled; the small shear sleeve 26 is limited by the step in the lower joint 29 after moving rightward.
Referring to fig. 6, the self-locking pressure transmission nipple 3 comprises a protective sleeve 31, a transmission shaft 32, a spring 33, a self-locking pin 34, a shell 35, a conducting sleeve 36 and a conductive spring 37, wherein the protective sleeve 31 is fixed on the left end face of the transmission shaft 32 through threads, the spring 33 is assembled between the transmission shaft 32 and an inner hole of the shell 35, the conducting sleeve 36 is limited after being connected with the right end of the transmission shaft 32 through threads, and the conductive spring 37 is arranged on the outer circle of the conducting sleeve 36.
A main control circuit and a high-temperature battery are arranged in the main control short section 4, and the main control circuit is provided with an interface communicated with a computer and used for writing a program; the program sets a five-gear pressure value and a time delay interval according to the construction well parameters and perforation design, and the main control circuit is electrically connected with the pressure sensor 24.
Referring to fig. 7, the selected perforating tube bundle 5 comprises a sealed core nipple 51, a perforating gun 52 and a tail plug 53, wherein the inside of the perforating gun 52 is provided with selected detonators of an integrated addressing circuit, and the number of the selected perforating tube bundle 5 is consistent with that of perforating segments.
Taking a vertical well depth of 1000 meters of an oil well as an example, the hydrostatic column pressure is 10MPa, according to construction design, 5 sections of perforation are divided, the pressure setting is sequentially that the working ignition pressure is 15MPa, the termination pressure is 35MPa, three shifts of pause pressure are set, the first pause pressure is 20MPa, the second pause pressure is 25MPa, the third pause pressure is 30MPa, the corresponding pause time delay is 5-20 minutes, and the free setting is realized.
1) The intelligent grade selection perforation tool string is conveyed to a downhole target layer through a continuous oil pipe or an oil pipe 1, and is sequentially connected by a composite switch nipple 2, a self-locking pressure transmission nipple 3, a main control nipple 4 and a selective transmission perforation pipe cluster 5;
2) When the wellhead oil pipe is pressurized to 15MPa of ignition pressure for the first time, the composite switch nipple acts, the mandrel 22 of the composite switch nipple moves rightwards by 25mm, the mandrel 22 shears the pin of the large shear sleeve, the mandrel moves rightwards by 25mm to the step position in the lower joint 29, the transmission shaft 32 of the self-locking pressure transmission nipple 3 is pushed to move rightwards, the main control circuit is closed through the conducting sleeve 36 and the conducting spring 37, and self-checking is started;
3) After the self-inspection is qualified, sending an instruction to a selected detonator in the intelligent stage-selection perforation tool string according to a preset internal program to complete perforation emission; in self-test, when the number of detected selected perforating tube clusters 5 is smaller than the set perforating segment number (such as when the perforating gun circuit is abnormal), the circuit is in a waiting state and does not work. If the number of the wellhead oil pipes is less than one, pressurizing the wellhead oil pipes to a second pause pressure value of 25MPa, and continuously completing subsequent perforation by the system according to program setting; if the system is still not working (for example, when two stages are less, the circuit is still not working), the surface operator pressurizes the wellhead oil pipe to a third pause pressure value of 30MPa, and the system completes subsequent perforation according to program setting; if the time delay processing time is required to be increased in the process of lifting the pipe column, a ground operator pressurizes the wellhead oil pipe to a first pause pressure value of 20MPa, and the main control nipple 4 circuit increases the corresponding time delay processing time. If termination of the operation is required, the surface operator pressurizes the wellhead tubing to a termination pressure value of 35MPa.
The pipe column is lifted up in sequence, the mandrel 22 of the compound switch nipple continues to move to the right by 49mm to push the transmission shaft 32 of the self-locking pressure transmission nipple 3 to move, and the circuit of the main control nipple 4 is disconnected; the elastic self-locking pin 28 pops up, the left end face of the mandrel 22 is limited, well fluid in the oil pipe is communicated with the annular space of the sleeve, when the ground pressing value is smaller than the end pressure value, the pin of the small shearing sleeve cannot be sheared, the pressure sensor 24 always transmits signals to the circuit of the main control nipple 4, and a stage selection procedure is executed until the second, third, fourth and fifth sections of perforation operation is completed;
4) After perforation is completed, the wellhead oil pipe is pressurized to a termination pressure of 35MPa, the mandrel 22 shears off a pin of the small shear sleeve, the mandrel continues to move to the right for 49mm, the transmission shaft 32 of the self-locking pressure transmission nipple 3 continues to move to the right, and the main control circuit is disconnected through the conduction sleeve 36 and the conductive spring 37, so that the intelligent grade-selection perforation tool strings out of the well.
Claims (10)
1. The intelligent level selection perforation method for non-cable transmission is characterized in that: the specific operation steps are as follows:
1) conveying an intelligent grade selection perforation tool string to a downhole target layer through a continuous oil pipe or an oil pipe (1), wherein the intelligent grade selection perforation tool string is sequentially connected with a composite switch nipple (2), a self-locking pressure transmission nipple (3), a main control nipple (4) and a selective transmission perforation pipe cluster (5);
2) When the wellhead oil pipe is pressurized to ignition pressure for the first time, the composite switch nipple acts to push the transmission shaft of the self-locking pressure transmission nipple to move, so that the circuit of the main control nipple is closed, and self-checking is started;
3) After the self-inspection is qualified, sending an instruction to a selected detonator in the intelligent stage-selection perforation tool string according to a preset internal program to complete perforation emission;
4) Sequentially lifting the tubular columns until perforation of each layer is completed;
5) After perforation is completed, the wellhead oil pipe is pressurized to a termination pressure, the compound switch nipple continues to act and is self-locked, well fluid in the oil pipe is communicated with the annular space of the sleeve, meanwhile, the self-locking pressure transmission nipple transmission shaft continues to move, the circuit of the main control nipple is disconnected, perforation operation is completed, and the intelligent grade selection perforation tool string is pulled out of the well.
2. The non-cable transmission intelligent level selection perforation method according to claim 1, wherein: the well head oil pipe pressurization pressure value is provided with a plurality of gear, includes: an ignition pressure, a termination pressure, and a plurality of pause pressures, each gear pressure value being programmed according to different well conditions.
3. The non-cable transmission intelligent level selection perforation method according to claim 2, wherein: each pressure value is defined as:
under the ignition pressure, the circuit of the main control pup joint (4) is closed, self-checking is started, and after the self-checking is qualified, a normal ignition program is executed;
under the suspension pressure, a ground operator decides whether to discard the perforating gun with abnormal state in the intelligent stage selection perforating tool string or increase the delay time, and a main control short section (4) circuit starts a delay program, so that the delay time can be set; setting each pause pressure value from low to high in the end pressure range, wherein the delay time corresponding to each pause pressure value can be the same or different;
and under the termination pressure, the perforation operation is finished or the perforation needs to be terminated when a fault is encountered, a ground operator presses an oil pipe to a termination pressure value, a circuit of the main control nipple (4) is disconnected, and the intelligent level selection perforation tool string is pulled out of the well.
4. The non-cable transmission intelligent level selection perforation method according to claim 1, wherein: the composite switch nipple (2) comprises an upper connector (21), a core body (22), a body (23) and a lower connector (29), wherein a bypass hole and an elastic self-locking pin (28) are arranged on the upper connector (21), and a seal is arranged at the joint of the inner part of the upper connector (21) and the core body (22); the left end of the core body (22) is provided with a pressure sensor (24) for feeding back the pressure value in the oil pipe to a circuit of the main control short joint (4), and a large shearing sleeve (25) and a small shearing sleeve (26) are sequentially arranged between the outer circle of the right end of the core body (22) and the lower joint (29) and are fixed through a pin (27); the number of pins (27) arranged on the large shearing sleeve (25) is determined according to the ignition pressure value, and the number of pins (27) arranged on the small shearing sleeve (26) is determined according to the termination pressure value; the upper connector (21), the body (23) and the lower connector (29) are connected through threads in sequence, and the large shearing sleeve (25) is limited after the upper connector (21) and the body (23) are assembled; the small shear sleeve (26) is limited by the step in the lower joint (29) after moving rightwards.
5. The non-cable transmission intelligent level selection perforation method according to claim 1, wherein: the self-locking pressure transmission nipple (3) comprises a protection sleeve (31), a transmission shaft (32), a spring (33), a self-locking pin (34), a shell (35), a conduction sleeve (36) and a conductive spring (37), wherein the protection sleeve (31) is fixed on the left end face of the transmission shaft (32) through threads, the spring (33) is assembled between the transmission shaft (32) and an inner hole of the shell (35), the conduction sleeve (36) is in threaded connection with the right end of the transmission shaft (32) and then is limited, and the conductive spring (37) is arranged on the outer circle of the conduction sleeve (36).
6. The non-cable transmission intelligent level selection perforation method according to claim 1, wherein: a main control circuit and a high-temperature battery are arranged in the main control pup joint (4), and the main control circuit is provided with an interface communicated with a computer and used for writing a program; the program sets a five-gear pressure value and a time delay interval according to the construction well parameters and perforation design, and the main control circuit is electrically connected with the pressure sensor (24).
7. The non-cable transmission intelligent level selection perforation method according to claim 1, wherein: the selective perforating tube bundle (5) comprises a sealed core-passing nipple (51), perforating guns (52) and tail plugs (53), selective perforating tubes of an integrated addressing circuit are arranged in the perforating guns (52), and the number of the selective perforating tube bundle (5) is consistent with the number of perforating segments.
8. The non-cable transmission intelligent stage selection perforation method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: step 2) during self-checking, when the number of detected selected transmitting perforating tube clusters (5) is smaller than the number of perforating segments, the circuit is in a waiting state and does not work; if the ground operator decides to discard the current level to continue perforation, the tubular column is moved to the next destination layer, the wellhead oil pipe is pressurized to a pause pressure value, the main control short section (4) circuit adjusts the corresponding delay time, and the residual perforation task is continuously completed.
9. The non-cable transmission intelligent stage selection perforation method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: after the intelligent level selection perforation tool string is put into a preset position in a well, activating a circuit to work in an oil pipe internal pressurization mode, wherein the oil pipe internal and the pipe external are in an isolated state, and perforation operation is not influenced by an external annulus; in the process of the intelligent level selection perforation tool string being lowered, the internal circuit is in an off state, and when the operation is finished or the operation is terminated, the internal circuit is also in the off state.
10. The non-cable transmission intelligent stage selection perforation method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: when the intelligent level selection perforating tool string is used for perforating, the pressure of the wellhead oil pipe can be relieved, and perforating operation is not affected by pressure reduction in the oil pipe; providing an oil pipe sleeve communication channel after perforation operation is completed or terminated; when well control risks occur, a well fluid circulation channel is provided, and when the oil pipe is lifted, the liquid level in the oil pipe automatically descends.
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| CN202310880166.6A CN116950614A (en) | 2023-07-18 | 2023-07-18 | Non-cable transmission intelligent level selection perforation method |
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