CN116938290A - MISO magnetic communication transmission method based on precoding in transmitting coil array - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
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- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
Abstract
The invention provides a MISO magnetic communication transmission method based on precoding in a sending coil array. Firstly, analyzing interference sources in a coil array at a transmitting end of MISO magnetic induction communication, estimating a transmitting coil impedance matrix according to the frequency of a modulating signal and the physical relation of coils, and utilizing a zero-forcing precoding matrix operation method to change mutual inductance impedance between different transmitting coils in the impedance matrix into zero so as to eliminate interference in the transmitting coil array; secondly, each sending coil of MISO magnetic induction communication is loaded with a modulation signal, and induced electromotive force is generated in the receiving coil through a magnetic induction medium, so that signal transmission is completed. The method can eliminate the mutual inductance impedance in the transmitting coil array and inhibit the interference between coils. When the transmission power is larger than 1mW, compared with a mode without zero forcing precoding, the data transmission rate is greatly improved. When the transmission power reaches 3mW, the data transmission rate can be increased by about 12%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of wireless communication, and mainly relates to a wireless magnetic communication design between receiving and transmitting coils, in particular to a MISO magnetic communication transmission method based on precoding in a transmitting coil array.
Background
With the deep development and utilization of underground space and underwater resources, information acquisition, equipment and facility detection, emergency rescue and the like have higher requirements on magnetic communication technology.
Aiming at the problem of low data transmission rate of the traditional single receiving/transmitting coil, hoangNguyen and the like propose to utilize multiple input/single output (MISO) coils and the like to transmit magnetic induction information, and the data transmission rate is improved in a near-field magnetic induction communication scene. But this study neglects the effect of mutual inductance interference within the transmit coil array on transmission performance. Song Li provides a configuration method for vertically placing two sending coils in the study, so that the problem of mutual inductance interference caused by multiple sending coils is effectively solved. However, the method has strict requirements on the position relation of the sending coils, and the number and the placement method of the receiving end coils are required to be the same as those of the sending end. Therefore, under the condition that the receiving and transmitting ends are at the same distance, the coupling degree of the coaxial receiving and transmitting coils is far greater than that of the parallel axis receiving and transmitting coils, the signal quality is seriously affected, and when the number of the transmitting coils is large, the method is difficult to realize.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problem that interference among multiple coils of a transmitting end is difficult to inhibit, the invention provides a MISO magnetic induction transmission method based on precoding in a transmitting coil array, so as to inhibit mutual inductance impedance interference existing in the MISO magnetic induction communication transmitting end, thereby improving the data transmission rate of MISO magnetic induction communication. In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the proposal is as follows:
a MISO magnetic communication transmission method based on precoding in a sending coil array comprises the following steps:
step 1, analyzing interference sources in a coil array at a transmitting end of MISO magnetic induction communication, estimating a transmitting coil impedance matrix according to the frequency of a modulating signal and the physical relationship of coils, and utilizing zero-forcing precoding operation of a mutual inductance impedance matrix to change mutual inductance impedance between different transmitting coils in the impedance matrix into zero so as to eliminate interference in the transmitting coil array;
and 2, carrying out mutual inductance loss-free transmission between the sending coil array and the receiving coil.
Further, in the step 1, the modulating signal frequency and the physical relationship of the coil specifically refer to the input voltage, the position relationship, the structural parameters and the transmission medium permeability of the transmitting coil;
the structural parameters specifically comprise: coil turns, coil radius, coil permeability.
Further, the step 1 comprises the following specific steps:
step 101, interference analysis in a transmitting end coil array: the transmitting coils with the same attribute are arranged in the same plane and equidistant mode in an N multiplied by M array, are connected in parallel, and are positioned in the transmitting coil C of the ith row and the jth column (i,j) I epsilon {1,2, L, N }, j epsilon {1,2, L, M }, radius a, distance between adjacent coils r (r is more than or equal to 2 a), when the transmitting coil matrix is introduced with the modulated current modulation signal x (t), transmitting coil C (i,j) And C (k,l) I.noteq.k or j.noteq.l, the mutual inductance M between the coils induced by the induced magnetic field (i,j)(k,l) The following formula is shown:
wherein mu is the magnetic conductivity of the medium, N c Is the number of turns of the coil, theta (i,j) And theta (k,l) For transmitting coil C (i,j) And C (k,l) The included angle between the radial direction and the central connecting line of the coil, G is an additional loss factor caused by eddy current;
step 102, acquiring a mutual inductance impedance matrix of a coil array of a transmitting end of MISO magnetic induction communication, wherein the mutual inductance impedance matrix is expressed as follows:
after the transmitting coil array is laid, determining the included angle between every two coils according to the relative positions of the coils, and Z t Is a self-inductance resistor;
step 103, performing zero-forcing precoding calculation on the mutual inductance interference matrix of the transmitting coil to obtain a zero-forcing matrix as follows:
W ZF ＝M + ＝M H (MM H ) -1
the unit matrix obtained by applying the same to the transmission coil array is as follows:
W ZF M＝E。
further, the step 2 comprises the following specific steps:
step 201, transmitting MISO magnetic induction communication signals after mutual inductance impedance elimination: after the pre-coding interference is eliminated, the transmission x (t) is transmitted between each transmitting coil without mutual inductance loss, and the transmitting signal matrix is as follows:
step 202, MISO magnetic induction communication signal receiving: after mutual inductance interference elimination in the transmitting coil array, the induction voltage of the receiving coil is induced by the induction magnetic field of each coil, and is expressed as:
y(t)＝h 1,1 U (1,1) +h 1,2 U (1,2) +,L,+h n,m U (n,m) +,L,+h N,M U (N,M) +n(t)。
a MISO magnetic induction communication device based on transmit coil array precoding, the device comprising:
the transmitting coil arrays have the same attribute, are arranged at equal intervals on the same plane according to the N multiplied by M array and are in parallel connection;
the transmitting coil mutual inductance matrix estimation module can perform interference analysis in the transmitting end coil array to acquire a transmitting end coil array mutual inductance impedance matrix;
the zero-forcing precoding processing module can perform zero-forcing precoding calculation on the mutual inductance impedance matrix;
and a receiving coil.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The invention fully considers the adverse effect of the mutual inductance impedance in the transmitting coil array on the signal transmission performance in the MISO magnetic induction communication system, eliminates the weakening effect of the mutual inductance impedance matrix operation among different transmitting coils on the input voltage signal by utilizing the mutual inductance impedance matrix operation of the transmitting coil array, so that the energy of the transmitting signal is concentrated in the transmitting coil, the effective transmitting power of the signal is improved, and the aims of increasing the transmitting signal intensity and improving the transmission rate performance are fulfilled.
(2) The invention adopts a coaxial placement structure of the receiving and transmitting coils, avoids the problem of large difference of receiving power of different coils at the receiving end caused by vertical cross polarization of the coils, and is convenient for realizing the signal processing process.
(3) The invention estimates the mutual inductance impedance matrix by utilizing the physical characteristics of the sending coil array, and although the complexity of the system is increased to a certain extent, the advantages are obvious in the transmission of magnetic induction information such as underground or underwater and the like because the physical characteristics of the sending coil array are not easy to change, and the estimation accuracy of the mutual inductance impedance matrix is high without high-frequency updating.
(4) According to the invention, the zero-forcing precoding technology is introduced into the mutual inductance impedance elimination of the sending coil array of the MISO magnetic induction communication system, so that the transmission performance of the system is improved. Simulation results show that: when the transmission power is larger than 1mW, the advantages of the MISO magnetic induction communication transmission rate are obvious compared with the MISO magnetic induction communication transmission rate which is not subjected to zero-forcing precoding processing, and particularly when the transmission power reaches 3mW, the data transmission rate is improved by about 12%.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a transmission of pre-encoded MISO magnetic induction communications within a transmit coil array;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of MISO magnetic induction communication application scenarios;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the effect of interference cancellation within a MISO magnetic induction communication transmit coil array;
fig. 4 is a simulation plot of the transmission rate of MISO magnetic induction communication based on interference cancellation within a transmit coil array.
The specific embodiment is as follows:
the following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made more complete and clear in view of the detailed description and illustrations of the present invention, it being understood that the embodiments described are merely some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the MISO magnetic induction communication system, each coil of the parallel transmitting coil array is input with a modulated alternating current signal, and under the action of the alternating current signal, an induction magnetic field is formed in underground (underwater) soil (water) medium. The receiving end coil converts the magnitude of the induction magnetic field into voltage output through sensing the magnetic field change, and a receiving signal is obtained. The attenuation effect of the mutual inductance impedance generated by the alternating current input by the coil array of the transmitting end on the induction magnetic field is analyzed, the mutual inductance impedance matrix of the transmitting coil array is firstly obtained, zero-forcing precoding calculation is adopted for the mutual inductance impedance matrix, and the mutual inductance impedance matrix is optimized into a self-impedance diagonal matrix, so that the attenuation effect of the mutual inductance impedance on the transmitting signal power is eliminated, and the internal interference is reduced.
The invention solves the interference suppression problem by utilizing the precoding technology, and is different from the strict vertical position relation of the configuration receiving and transmitting coils, and based on the preprocessing technology of precoding in the transmitting coil array, the mutual inductance impedance between the receiving and transmitting coils can be eliminated by only carrying out matrix operation on the mutual inductance impedance between the transmitting antennas so as to counteract the interference effect of the mutual inductance impedance in the transmitting coil array on the transmitting signals. The mutual inductance impedance matrix in the sending coil array is obtained through the input voltage, the position relation, the structural parameters (including coil turns, coil radius, coil magnetic permeability and the like) and the transmission medium magnetic permeability of the sending coil, zero-forcing precoding operation processing is carried out on the mutual inductance impedance matrix, so that the sending signal energy is concentrated in the sending coil, mutual inductance impedance cancellation in the sending coil array is realized, and the purposes of increasing the transmission power among receiving and sending coils and improving the MISO magnetic induction transmission rate are achieved.
Examples: fig. 1 is a block diagram of transmission of pre-encoded MISO magnetic induction communications within a transmit coil array. In a MISO magnetic induction communication system, a transmission signal x (t) after passing through a modulation module is used as an input to be transmitted to a transmitting-end coil array. After x (t) enters the transmitting coil array, firstly estimating a transmitting coil array mutual inductance impedance matrix caused by x (t), and then completing zero-forcing precoding processing on the mutual inductance impedance matrix, so that mutual inductance impedance values among different coils in the transmitting coil mutual inductance impedance matrix are zero, and thus induction magnetic field interference of x (t) among different transmitting coils is inhibited. The receiving coil with fixed position generates induced voltage according to the magnetic field change, and the induced voltage passes through the demodulation module to complete signal receiving.
The invention provides a MISO magnetic communication transmission method based on precoding in a sending coil array, which specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, transmitting coil array mutual inductance interference elimination: and analyzing the weakening effect of the mutual inductance impedance generated by the alternating current input by the coil array of the transmitting end on the induction magnetic field. Firstly, a mutual inductance impedance matrix of a transmitting coil array is obtained, then zero-forcing precoding calculation is adopted for the mutual inductance impedance matrix, and the mutual inductance impedance matrix is optimized into an self-assembled diagonal matrix, so that the attenuation effect of the mutual inductance impedance on the transmitting signal power is eliminated, and the internal interference is reduced.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
step 101, interference analysis in a MISO magnetic induction communication transmitting end coil array:
the transmitting coils with the same attribute are arranged in the same plane and equidistant mode in an N multiplied by M array and are in parallel connection. Transmitting coil C located in ith row and jth column (i,j) I epsilon {1,2, L, N }, j epsilon {1,2, L, M }, radius a, and distance r (r is equal to or more than 2 a) between adjacent coils. When the transmission coil matrix is connected with the modulated current modulation signal x (t), the transmission coil C (i,j) And C (k,l) I.noteq.k or j.noteq.l, the mutual inductance M between the coils induced by the induced magnetic field (i,j)(k,l) Resulting in mutual interference of signals within the transmit coil array.
Wherein mu is the magnetic conductivity of the medium, N c Is the number of turns of the coil, theta (i,j) And theta (k,l) For transmitting coil C (i,j) And C (k,l) The included angle between the radial direction and the central line of the coil, G is an additional loss factor caused by eddy current.
Step 102, acquiring a mutual inductance impedance matrix of a coil array of a MISO magnetic induction communication transmitting end:
from step 101, the mutual inductance M between the two transmitting coils (i,j)(k,l) Is a transmitting coil matrix interference source. When the transmitting coil matrix is paved, the relative positions among the coils are determined to determine the included angle between every two coils, and the mutual inductance interference impedance of the transmitting coil matrix is determined, so that the position and the angle of the transmitting coil array which are arranged are not easy to change. The reference significance of the impedance matrix results obtained by the transmit coil array mutual inductance impedance matrix estimation module as in fig. 1 and 3 is therefore apparent, expressed as:
wherein Z is t For the transmit coil self-impedance, ρ is the conductor resistivity (copper resistivity is 1.75X10 -8 Ω·m), l is the wire length, S is the wire cross-sectional area. Omega is the input baseband modulation signal x (t) angular frequency, jωM (i,j)(k,l) Is the mutual impedance of the two coils.
Step 103, eliminating zero-forcing interference of a mutual inductance impedance matrix of a coil array of a transmitting end of MISO magnetic induction communication:
as shown in fig. 1, the invention adopts a zero-forcing precoding processing module to solve the problem of mutual inductance interference in a MISO magnetic induction communication transmitting coil array. The module performs zero-forcing precoding calculation on the mutual inductance interference matrix obtained in the step 102, eliminates mutual inductance interference caused by the input of alternating modulation signals at a transmitting end, and improves the transmission performance of the MISO magnetic induction communication system.
Zero forcing matrix
W ZF ＝M + ＝M H (MM H ) -1 (4)
M + Is the generalized inverse matrix of the channel matrix M H Is the complex conjugate transpose of M. Then the zero forcing matrix calculation result W ZF Acting on the transmit coils of the transmit coil matrix
W ZF M＝E (5)
Wherein E is an identity matrix. And the mutual inductance impedance in the original matrix is zero, so that the mutual inductance interference elimination of the transmitting end is realized.
And step two, a magnetic induction communication receiving and transmitting process between the sending coil array and the receiving coil.
Step 201, MISO magnetic induction communication signals after mutual inductance impedance elimination are sent;
the magnetic induction communication system transmitting end is composed of a plurality of metal coils with the same radius, turns, materials and the like, the coils are tiled on the same plane at equal intervals, and the plurality of transmitting coils simultaneously transmit the same modulation signals, as shown in fig. 1. After modulation, the transmission signal of each coil at the transmitting end
x(t)＝I(t)cos(2πf c t) (6)
Wherein I (t) is a transmission information source, f c Is the baseband modulation frequency. After step 103 precoding interference elimination, transmitting x (t) without mutual inductance loss between each transmitting coil, and transmitting signal matrix
As can be seen from the above, the transmit signal size is only determined byCoil self-inductance resistor Z t The determination is independent of the inter-coil transimpedance.
Step 202, MISO magnetic induction communication signal reception.
MISO magnetic induction communication system receives induction voltage generated by coil array through induction magnetic field formed by coil array in transmission medium
y(t)＝h 1,1 U (1,1) +h 1,2 U (1,2) +,L,+h n,m U (n,m) +,L,+h N,M U (N,M) +n(t) (8)
Wherein h is 1,1 ,h 1,2 ,L,h n,m ,L,h N,M ，n∈[1,N]，m∈[1,M]The channel gain for the transmission medium between each transmitting coil and receiving coil is expressed as
Alpha in the formula n,m For transmitting coil C (n,m) Included angle between central line of receiving coil and normal line, d n,m For the transceiving coil plane spacing,for skin depth, σ is the dielectric permittivity. The noise of the magnetic induction communication system is n (t), the main source of the noise is the thermal effect of a resistor device, and the noise power is expressed as
N t ＝k B Tf c ×1000 (10)
k B Is the boltzmann constant, and T is the open temperature.
Since the transmit/receive coils are identical and the self-impedance is identical, the self-impedance is set to be 1. Receiving signal-to-noise ratio of MISO magnetic induction communication system after self-interference elimination of transmitting coil matrix
Information transmission rate
C＝Wlog 2 (1+SNR) (12)
W is the system bandwidth.
Because ASK is a common modulation mode in magnetic induction communication, the invention adopts an ASK modulation mode to complete the simulation process. The simulation parameters of the geometric centers of the transmitting coil array plane and the receiving coil are set as shown in the following table
Table 1 simulation parameter set table
Fig. 2 is a diagram showing an application scenario of the MISO magnetic induction communication method proposed by the present invention. The hardware used includes a transmitting end transmission coil array and a receiving coil. The induction magnetic field changing along with the sending signal generates induction voltage with the same change trend in the receiving coil through soil or water medium between the receiving coil and the sending coil, and information transmission is completed. The MISO magnetic induction communication method comprises the steps that a sending coil array is composed of a plurality of metal coils with the same radius, turns, material and other properties, the metal coils are connected in parallel on a plane at equal intervals, and the same alternating current signals are input. The receiving end receives the signal by a coil.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the effect of interference cancellation in a MISO magnetic induction communication transmitting coil array. When the modulation signal enters the transmitting coil array, the self impedance and the trans-impedance exist inside each coil and between the coils, and the frequency of the modulation signal is determined, the mutual inductance impedance matrix is estimated, and the transmitting coil array with the self impedance only exists is obtained through precoding interference elimination.
As shown in the simulation result in FIG. 4, when the transmission power is greater than 1mW, compared with MISO magnetic induction communication without transmission coil matrix mutual inductance interference cancellation, the transmission rate advantage of the system after zero forcing treatment is gradually obvious along with the improvement of the transmission power, and the transmission rate is improved by about 5 to 12 percent. When the transmission power reaches 3mW, the data transmission rate can be improved by about 35bit/s. The method fully reflects that MISO magnetic induction communication transmission rate performance is obviously improved after the method is adopted.
Claims (5)
1. The MISO magnetic induction communication transmission method based on the precoding of the sending coil array is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, analyzing interference sources in a coil array at a transmitting end of MISO magnetic induction communication, estimating a transmitting coil impedance matrix according to the frequency of a modulating signal and the physical relationship of coils, and utilizing zero-forcing precoding operation of a mutual inductance impedance matrix to change mutual inductance impedance between different transmitting coils in the impedance matrix into zero so as to eliminate interference in the transmitting coil array;
and 2, carrying out mutual inductance loss-free transmission between the sending coil array and the receiving coil.
2. The MISO magnetic induction communication transmission method based on the precoding of the transmission coil array according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 1, the modulating signal frequency and the physical relationship of the coil specifically refer to the input voltage, the position relationship, the structural parameters and the permeability of a transmission medium of a transmitting coil;
the structural parameters specifically comprise: coil turns, coil radius, coil permeability.
3. The MISO magnetic induction communication transmission method based on the precoding of the transmission coil array according to claim 2, wherein step 1 comprises the following specific steps:
step 101, interference analysis in a transmitting end coil array: the transmitting coils with the same attribute are arranged in the same plane and equidistant mode in an N multiplied by M array, are connected in parallel, and are positioned in the transmitting coil C of the ith row and the jth column (i,j) I epsilon {1,2, L, N }, j epsilon {1,2, L, M }, radius a, distance between adjacent coils r (r is more than or equal to 2 a), when the transmitting coil matrix is introduced with the modulated current modulation signal x (t), transmitting coil C (i,j) And C (k,l) I.noteq.k or j.noteq.l, the mutual inductance M between the coils induced by the induced magnetic field (i,j)(k,l) The following formula is shown:
wherein mu is the magnetic conductivity of the medium, N c Is the number of turns of the coil, theta (i,j) And theta (k,l) For transmitting coil C (i,j) And C (k,l) The included angle between the radial direction and the central connecting line of the coil, G is an additional loss factor caused by eddy current;
step 102, acquiring a mutual inductance impedance matrix of a coil array of a transmitting end of MISO magnetic induction communication, wherein the mutual inductance impedance matrix is expressed as follows:
after the transmitting coil array is laid, determining the included angle between every two coils according to the relative positions of the coils, and Z t Is a self-inductance resistor;
step 103, performing zero-forcing precoding calculation on the mutual inductance interference matrix of the transmitting coil to obtain a zero-forcing matrix as follows:
W ZF ＝M + ＝M H (MM H ) -1
the unit matrix obtained by applying the same to the transmission coil array is as follows:
W ZF M＝E。
4. a MISO magnetic induction communication transmission method based on precoding of a transmission coil array according to claim 3, wherein step 2 comprises the following specific steps:
step 201, transmitting MISO magnetic induction communication signals after mutual inductance impedance elimination: after the pre-coding interference is eliminated, the transmission x (t) is transmitted between each transmitting coil without mutual inductance loss, and the transmitting signal matrix is as follows:
step 202, MISO magnetic induction communication signal receiving: after mutual inductance interference elimination in the transmitting coil array, the induction voltage of the receiving coil is induced by the induction magnetic field of each coil, and is expressed as:
y(t)＝h 1,1 U (1,1) +h 1,2 U (1,2) +,L,+h n,m U (n,m) +,L,+h N,M U (N,M) +n(t)。
5. a MISO magnetic induction communication apparatus based on transmit coil array precoding, the apparatus comprising:
the transmitting coil arrays have the same attribute, are arranged at equal intervals on the same plane according to the N multiplied by M array and are in parallel connection;
the transmitting coil mutual inductance matrix estimation module can perform interference analysis in the transmitting end coil array to acquire a transmitting end coil array mutual inductance impedance matrix;
the zero-forcing precoding processing module can perform zero-forcing precoding calculation on the mutual inductance impedance matrix;
and a receiving coil.
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| CN112202476A (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2021-01-08 | 西安电子科技大学 | Vortex electromagnetic wave near field wireless communication method based on coil circular array |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105429709A (en) * | 2015-11-11 | 2016-03-23 | 东南大学 | MU-MISO visible light communication system zero-forcing pre-coding matrix determining method |
| CN105827293A (en) * | 2016-04-06 | 2016-08-03 | 郑州大学 | Multi-user generalized space modulation system linearity zero-forcing precoding method |
| US20200083927A1 (en) * | 2018-09-12 | 2020-03-12 | At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. | Methods and apparatus for transmitting or receiving electromagnetic waves |
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