CN106878225B - A kind of method and device that device-fingerprint is separated with channel - Google Patents

A kind of method and device that device-fingerprint is separated with channel Download PDF

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CN106878225B
CN106878225B CN201710031119.9A CN201710031119A CN106878225B CN 106878225 B CN106878225 B CN 106878225B CN 201710031119 A CN201710031119 A CN 201710031119A CN 106878225 B CN106878225 B CN 106878225B
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channel
fingerprint
signal
autocorrelation matrix
carrier wave
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CN106878225A (en
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王栋
胡爱群
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Southeast University
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Southeast University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
    • H04L27/2647—Arrangements specific to the receiver only
    • H04L27/2655—Synchronisation arrangements
    • H04L27/2689—Link with other circuits, i.e. special connections between synchronisation arrangements and other circuits for achieving synchronisation
    • H04L27/2695—Link with other circuits, i.e. special connections between synchronisation arrangements and other circuits for achieving synchronisation with channel estimation, e.g. determination of delay spread, derivative or peak tracking
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0456—Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0456—Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting
    • H04B7/0486—Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting taking channel rank into account
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0001—Arrangements for dividing the transmission path
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0001—Arrangements for dividing the transmission path
    • H04L5/0003—Two-dimensional division
    • H04L5/0005—Time-frequency
    • H04L5/0007—Time-frequency the frequencies being orthogonal, e.g. OFDM(A), DMT
    • H04L5/001—Time-frequency the frequencies being orthogonal, e.g. OFDM(A), DMT the frequencies being arranged in component carriers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/14—Two-way operation using the same type of signal, i.e. duplex

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of methods that device-fingerprint is separated with channel, comprising the following steps: S1: passing through the antenna array receiver signal of receiver；S2: channel estimation is carried out to signal is received, enables k=1；S3: autocorrelation matrix R (k) is calculated to the channel estimation results of k-th of carrier wave；S4: the autocorrelation matrix R (k) of k-th of carrier wave is carried out to increase order processing, obtains the increasing order autocorrelation matrix of k-th of carrier waveS5: rightCalculate multipath signal amplitude；S6: judging whether k is equal to N, and N is the sum of carrier wave: if be equal to, carrying out step S7；If it is not, then enabling k=k+1, it is then return to step S3；S7: being ranked up the calculated result of step S6, selects path, obtains device-fingerprint.The invention also discloses the devices that a kind of device-fingerprint is separated with channel.The present invention can be widely applied in TDD, FDD communication system, can also apply in high-speed mobile scene.

Description

A kind of method and device that device-fingerprint is separated with channel
Technical field
The present invention relates to the communications field, the method and device separated more particularly to a kind of device-fingerprint with channel.
Background technique
With the development of communication technology, wireless communication is widely used.With the hair of the new generation of wireless communication technology Exhibition, the extensive antenna technology that will especially come into operation greatly increase available antenna amount.The increasing of antenna amount Add, the handling capacity of wireless communication system is not only made to be largely increased, while also being provided firmly for complicated signal processing technology Part platform.The previous array signal processing algorithm based on MUSIC and ESPRIT, antenna amount are the bottlenecks of algorithm application.Greatly The application of scale antenna technology provides advantage for array signal processing.
Device-fingerprint is primarily referred to as the comprehensive physical feature of the artificial circuit part (including antenna) of equipment.Its major embodiment Signal is being caused to be distorted, especially in broadband system, is causing the unevenness of gain in frequency band.Device-fingerprint is in communication equipment Between be often different, so, device-fingerprint will affect the accuracy of channel estimation, to reduce system performance.It is being based on In the safety of physical layer that key generates, the influence of two sides device-fingerprint difference is reduced, has important shadow to the concordance rate for improving key It rings.On the other hand, device-fingerprint is the feature on a kind of hardware, it is difficult to which duplication is imitated, and can be used as the hand of equipment identification Section.So improving throughput of system and system safety in the channel reciprocity for improving TDD system to the estimation of device-fingerprint Property etc., there is important value.
Wireless telecom equipment itself can be carried out by hardware calibration to equipment, made in the final tache of equipment production process Equipment gain size, gain flatness are optimal with indexs such as outer energy leakages.But it is either built using during separation Hardware circuit even integrated circuit, since equipment preparation process itself is there are uncertain factor, equipment Alignment can not reach To optimal, so can not also eliminate the difference between equipment.Moreover, with the aging of equipment, the temperature of use environment, humidity Variation, this device-fingerprint can also change.So in order to realize better communication reliability and validity, need to setting Standby fingerprint extracts.
Calibration program after equipment investment use is broadly divided into two kinds, one is the calibration method based on hardware circuit, by In the additional calibration circuit of needs, it is difficult to be applied in terminal device, mobile device；One is utilize uplink and downlink chain The method that the channel reciprocity on road is calibrated, this method pass through the approach such as signal processing, signal precoding or information feedback, Device-fingerprint is calculated in interactive channel information.
In the signal that receiver receives, device-fingerprint is combined together with channel response, can be according to wireless channel Reciprocity obtains device-fingerprint.For TDD system, this method is limited to the coherence time of communication, information feedback overhead.Example Such as, it refers in patent " 101015179 B of CN " using " implicit channel feedback " and reduces feedback bandwidth.In patent It is referred in " CN105052176A " " using uplink/downlink channel reciprocity more days with multi-user transmission The system and method for RF calibration are used in linear system system ".In patent " CN102158272B ", one kind is disclosed " according to described Downlink channel condition information and the uplink channel status information calculate the corresponding RF calibration factor of the first network side gusset " Realize the method that device-fingerprint extracts.The method that above-mentioned patent refers to needs to realize system calibration using channel reciprocity.Not Meet the scene of channel reciprocity, such as system movement speed is fast, in the case that coherence time is short, the implementation result of scheme can be by To influence.Additional information feedback, will increase the expense of communication system.It is above-mentioned due to communications band difference for FDD system It is difficult to directly apply using the method for channel reciprocity.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of device-fingerprints for being able to solve defect existing in the prior art The method and device separated with channel.
Technical solution: to reach this purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
The method that device-fingerprint of the present invention is separated with channel, comprising the following steps:
S1: pass through the antenna array receiver signal of receiver；
S2: channel estimation is carried out to signal is received, enables k=1；
S3: autocorrelation matrix R (k) is calculated to the channel estimation results of k-th of carrier wave；
S4: the autocorrelation matrix R (k) of k-th of carrier wave is carried out to increase order processing, obtains the increasing order auto-correlation of k-th of carrier wave Matrix
S5: rightCalculate multipath signal amplitude；
S6: judging whether k is equal to N, and N is the sum of carrier wave: if be equal to, carrying out step S7；If it is not, then enabling K=k+1 is then return to step S3；
S7: being ranked up the calculated result of step S6, selects path, obtains device-fingerprint.
Further, in the step S1 antenna array receiver signal be pilot signal, be inserted into pilot tone signal or its His fixed signal.
Further, the channel estimation results of the carrier wave in the step S3 are the channel estimation results of single carrier wave, part Appointing in the channel estimation results, the channel estimation results of single symbol, the channel estimation results of multiple symbols after carrier wave merging It anticipates one kind.
Further, in the step S4, autocorrelation matrix R (k) is carried out increasing order processing with the following method:
S4.1: the aerial array of receiver is divided into P submatrix, M is the antenna amount of receiving array, and L is number of paths；
S4.2: the autocorrelation matrix of each submatrix is calculated；
S4.3: the mean value of the autocorrelation matrix of P submatrix is calculated, the increasing order autocorrelation matrix of k-th of carrier wave is obtainedAs shown in formula (1):
In formula (1), Rk,pFor the autocorrelation matrix of p-th of submatrix of k-th of carrier wave.
Further, the submatrix number P in the step S4.1 is greater than multipath number.
Further, in the step S4.1, P=L+1, L are number of paths.Select the value of P that can release multipath letter in this way Number correlation, the order of cross-correlation matrix can also be increased to P.
Further, in the step S4.1, P < L+1, L are number of paths.It is less to can be applied to antenna amount in this way The quantity of situation, P can be selected according to path energy.
Further, in the step S5 multipath signal amplitude calculation method the following steps are included:
S5.1: to the increasing order autocorrelation matrix of k-th of carrier waveFeature decomposition is carried out, is obtainedFeature decomposition Shown in form such as formula (2):
In formula (2), λiIt is characterized value, US=[e1 e2 … eL] it is λ1It arrivesIn the corresponding spy of biggish L characteristic value Levy the signal subspace of vector, ΣSFor λ1It arrivesIn biggish L eigenvalue cluster at diagonal matrix,For λ1It arrivesIn lesser M0Noise of the corresponding feature vector of-L characteristic values Space, σ2For the power of white Gaussian noise, M0It is the antenna amount in submatrix, L is number of paths；
S5.2: according to ESPRIT algorithm, a unique and nonsingular matrix T is solved, matrix T meets relational expression US= AT, A are array response matrix；
S5.3: autocorrelation matrix is calculatedAs shown in formula (3):
In formula (3), I is unit matrix；
S5.4: rightDiagonal entry make even root, obtain the multipath amplitude of k-th of subcarrier.
Further, the path of the Path selection ceiling capacity in the step S7.
The device that device-fingerprint of the present invention is separated with channel, comprising:
Array signal receiving module: it is received for signal；
Channel estimation module: for obtaining device-fingerprint and being superimposed with channel to signal progress channel estimation is received Signal；
Autocorrelation matrix processing module: for calculating autocorrelation matrix, autocorrelation matrix is carried out to increase order processing；
Multipath signal computing module: for calculating multipath signal amplitude；
Device-fingerprint extraction module: for recombinating to the signal of acquisition, device-fingerprint is obtained.
The utility model has the advantages that compared with prior art, the present invention have it is following the utility model has the advantages that
1) present invention can be widely applied in TDD, FDD communication system independent of channel reciprocity.The prior art according to Relying channel reciprocity, performance will be greatly reduced or cannot use under in channel reciprocity decrease, perhaps ungratified scene is looked into, Rely on the technology of channel reciprocity, it is difficult to apply in FDD scene.
2) present invention only requires handling a traffic symbols, device-fingerprint is obtained, independent of multiple symbols Processing, can apply in high-speed mobile scene.Under high-speed mobile scene, coherence time is short, channel variation, in adjacent-symbol Between, channel, which has occurred and that, to be significantlyd change, and is difficult to apply in high-speed mobile scene using the method for multiple Symbol processings.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural block diagram of the device of the specific embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of the communication system of the specific embodiment of the invention.
Specific embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is further introduced with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
Assuming that a communication system is made of a base station (BS) and a user equipment (UE), as shown in Fig. 2, the receipts of BS Sender has M root antenna, and the transceiver of UE has 1 antenna, passes through N between BS and UECA subcarrier is communicated.UE By pilot sequence modulates to NCOn a subcarrier, emitted by hardware circuit.
Present embodiment discloses a kind of method that device-fingerprint is separated with channel, comprising the following steps:
S1: pass through the antenna array receiver signal of receiver；
S2: channel estimation is carried out to signal is received, enables k=1；
S3: autocorrelation matrix R (k) is calculated to the channel estimation results of k-th of carrier wave；
S4: the autocorrelation matrix R (k) of k-th of carrier wave is carried out to increase order processing, using preceding to space smoothing algorithm, front and back To space smoothing algorithm or other methods that can achieve the purpose that increase autocorrelation matrix order, the increasing of k-th of carrier wave is obtained Order autocorrelation matrix
S5: rightMultipath is calculated using TLS-ESPRIT algorithm or other methods that carrier amplitude can be calculated Signal amplitude；
S6: judging whether k is equal to N, and N is the sum of carrier wave: if be equal to, carrying out step S7；If it is not, then enabling K=k+1 is then return to step S3；
S7: being ranked up the calculated result of step S6, selects amplitude maximum path, obtains device-fingerprint.
In step S4, autocorrelation matrix R (k) is carried out increasing order processing with the following method:
S4.1: the aerial array of receiver is divided into P submatrix, M is the antenna amount of receiving array, and L is number of paths；
S4.2: the autocorrelation matrix of each submatrix is calculated；
S4.3: the mean value of the autocorrelation matrix of P submatrix is calculated, the increasing order autocorrelation matrix of k-th of carrier wave is obtainedAs shown in formula (1):
In formula (1), Rk,pFor the autocorrelation matrix of p-th of submatrix of k-th of carrier wave.
In step S5 multipath signal amplitude calculation method the following steps are included:
S5.1: to the increasing order autocorrelation matrix of k-th of carrier waveFeature decomposition is carried out, is obtainedFeature decomposition Shown in form such as formula (2):
In formula (2), λiIt is characterized value, US=[e1 e2 … eL] it is λ1It arrivesIn the corresponding spy of biggish L characteristic value Levy the signal subspace of vector, ΣSFor λ1It arrivesIn biggish L eigenvalue cluster at diagonal matrix,For λ1It arrivesIn lesser M0Noise of the corresponding feature vector of-L characteristic values Space, σ2For the power of white Gaussian noise, M0It is the antenna amount in submatrix, L is number of paths；Signal subspace USWith noise Subspace UNIt is orthogonal, span { USIndicate by signal subspace USSpace, span { A } indicate array response matrix at Space, two sub-spaces there are relational expression span { US}=span { A }；
S5.2: according to ESPRIT algorithm, a unique and nonsingular matrix T is solved, matrix T meets relational expression US= AT, A are array response matrix；
S5.3: autocorrelation matrix is calculatedAs shown in formula (3):
In formula (3), I is unit matrix；
S5.4: rightDiagonal entry make even root, obtain the multipath amplitude of k-th of subcarrier.
Step S2 also can be omitted.
Step S3 extends also to multiple symbols or multiple carrier waves or multiple symbols and multiple carrier waves.
Amplitude maximum path can not also be selected in step S7, but according to multipath amplitude size, select first three larger Amplitude calculate device-fingerprint or other combinations and transformation based on calculated result.
In step S4.1, P can also take P=L+3, or be distributed according to multipath energy, and P is selected to be equal to other numerical value.
This method can extend to the mimo system of M transmitting antenna, M receiving antenna, can be extended to other symbols It closes in the system application of Multipath Transmission condition.
Present embodiment also discloses a kind of device that device-fingerprint is separated with channel, as shown in Figure 1, comprising:
Array signal receiving module 501: it is received for signal；
Channel estimation module 502: for obtaining device-fingerprint and channel being superimposed upon one to signal progress channel estimation is received The signal risen；
Autocorrelation matrix processing module 503: for calculating autocorrelation matrix, autocorrelation matrix is carried out to increase order processing；
Multipath signal computing module 504: for calculating multipath signal amplitude；
Device-fingerprint extraction module 505: for recombinating to the signal of acquisition, device-fingerprint is obtained.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of method that device-fingerprint is separated with channel, it is characterised in that: the following steps are included:
S1: pass through the antenna array receiver signal of receiver；
S2: channel estimation is carried out to signal is received, enables k=1；
S3: autocorrelation matrix R (k) is calculated to the channel estimation results of k-th of carrier wave；
S4: the autocorrelation matrix R (k) of k-th of carrier wave is carried out to increase order processing, obtains the increasing order autocorrelation matrix of k-th of carrier wave
In the step S4, autocorrelation matrix R (k) is carried out increasing order processing with the following method:
S4.1: the aerial array of receiver is divided into P submatrix；
S4.2: the autocorrelation matrix of each submatrix is calculated；
S4.3: the mean value of the autocorrelation matrix of P submatrix is calculated, the increasing order autocorrelation matrix of k-th of carrier wave is obtainedSuch as formula (1) shown in:
In formula (1), Rk,pFor the autocorrelation matrix of p-th of submatrix of k-th of carrier wave；
S5: rightCalculate multipath signal amplitude；
In the step S5 multipath signal amplitude calculation method the following steps are included:
S5.1: to the increasing order autocorrelation matrix of k-th of carrier waveFeature decomposition is carried out, is obtainedFeature decomposition form As shown in formula (2):
In formula (2), λiIt is characterized value, US=[e1 e2 … eL] it is λ1It arrivesIn the corresponding feature of biggish L characteristic value to The signal subspace of amount, ΣSFor λ1It arrivesIn biggish L eigenvalue cluster at diagonal matrix,For λ1It arrivesIn lesser M0Noise of the corresponding feature vector of-L characteristic values Space, σ2For the power of white Gaussian noise, M0It is the antenna amount in submatrix, L is number of paths；
S5.2: according to ESPRIT algorithm, a unique and nonsingular matrix T is solved, matrix T meets relational expression US=AT, A For array response matrix；
S5.3: autocorrelation matrix is calculatedAs shown in formula (3):
In formula (3), I is unit matrix；
S5.4: rightDiagonal entry make even root, obtain the multipath amplitude of k-th of subcarrier；
S6: judging whether k is equal to N, and N is the sum of carrier wave: if be equal to, carrying out step S7；If it is not, then enabling k=k + 1, it is then return to step S3；
S7: being ranked up the calculated result of step S6, selects path, obtains device-fingerprint.
2. the method that device-fingerprint according to claim 1 is separated with channel, it is characterised in that: antenna in the step S1 The signal of array received is pilot signal, the signal or other fixed signals for being inserted into pilot tone.
3. the method that device-fingerprint according to claim 1 is separated with channel, it is characterised in that: the load in the step S3 The channel estimation results of wave are channel estimation results, the single symbol after the channel estimation results of single carrier wave, partial carrier wave merging Number channel estimation results, multiple symbols channel estimation results in any one.
4. the method that device-fingerprint according to claim 1 is separated with channel, it is characterised in that: in the step S4.1 Submatrix number P is greater than multipath number.
5. the method that device-fingerprint according to claim 1 is separated with channel, it is characterised in that: in the step S4.1, P =L+1, L are number of paths.
6. the method that device-fingerprint according to claim 1 is separated with channel, it is characterised in that: in the step S4.1, P < L+1, L are number of paths.
7. the method that device-fingerprint according to claim 1 is separated with channel, it is characterised in that: the road in the step S7 The path of diameter selection ceiling capacity.
8. a kind of a kind of device-fingerprint for the method that device-fingerprint is separated with channel described in claim 1 is used to separate with channel Device, it is characterised in that: include:
Array signal receiving module: it is received for signal；
Channel estimation module: for obtaining the letter that device-fingerprint and channel are superimposed to signal progress channel estimation is received Number；
Autocorrelation matrix processing module: for calculating autocorrelation matrix, autocorrelation matrix is carried out to increase order processing；
Multipath signal computing module: for calculating multipath signal amplitude；
Device-fingerprint extraction module: for recombinating to the signal of acquisition, device-fingerprint is obtained.
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CN109302392B (en) * 2018-09-28 2020-12-04 东南大学 Equipment identity verification method based on wireless channel reciprocity and equipment physical fingerprint
CN111830321B (en) * 2020-06-29 2022-07-01 重庆邮电大学 Unmanned aerial vehicle detection and identification method based on radio frequency fingerprint

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