CN116937670A - Method for establishing new energy station model based on field test - Google Patents
Method for establishing new energy station model based on field test Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
- H02J3/466—Scheduling the operation of the generators, e.g. connecting or disconnecting generators to meet a given demand
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Abstract
The embodiment of the application discloses a method for establishing a new energy station model based on a field test, which comprises the following steps: performing field tests on the new energy station, wherein the field tests comprise a fault ride through performance test, an inertia frequency test and a secondary/super synchronous oscillation test; based on the field test, obtaining actual measurement data of the dynamic performance of the new energy station according to the dynamic performance of the new energy station; the method for establishing, verifying and updating the new energy station model according to the measured data comprises the following steps. According to the application, through three field tests, namely a fault crossing performance test, an inertia frequency test and a secondary/super synchronous oscillation test, the actual measurement data of the dynamic performance of the new energy station is more accurate, and furthermore, the effectiveness and accuracy of the new energy station model established according to the actual measurement data are greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of new energy, in particular to a method for building a new energy station model based on a field test.
Background
In order to accurately analyze the influence of large-scale new energy grid connection on a power grid, the transient response characteristics of the actual new energy under different disturbance conditions need to be deeply researched and accurately modeled. However, on one hand, because of the variety of new energy types and structures, great challenges are brought to unit modeling; on the other hand, because the equipment manufacturer keeps secret on the control structure and parameters, the new energy unit model mostly adopts a typical model, has a certain gap from the actual response characteristic of the unit, and can not meet the simulation requirement of the electric power system. Therefore, a certain technical means and method are needed to effectively identify the new energy unit model. For the new energy station model, the description cannot be simply performed by one unit due to the large number of units, the difference of operation characteristics and the influence of an electric network structure in the station; if each unit is modeled in detail, the consumption of computing resources will be very great, and it is difficult to meet the requirements of various scenes. Therefore, the station modeling is usually based on a single machine model, and is obtained after a certain station electrical network characteristic is reserved, and the station model parameters are mostly subjected to equivalence or identification through simulation test data in the prior art, but the validity of the station model obtained by the method is difficult to check, and the accuracy of the station model is required to be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above, the application provides a method for establishing a new energy station model based on field test.
In a first aspect, the present application provides a method for building a new energy station model based on field trials, the method comprising:
performing field tests on the new energy station, wherein the field tests comprise a fault ride through performance test, an inertia frequency test and a secondary/super synchronous oscillation test;
analyzing the dynamic performance of the new energy station based on the field test to obtain actual measurement data of the dynamic performance of the new energy station;
and establishing, verifying and updating the new energy station model according to the measured data.
Optionally, the fault ride-through performance test is based on a fault ride-through performance test system, wherein the fault ride-through performance test system comprises a station fault ride-through test device and a new energy station, the station fault ride-through test device is connected with a grid-connected point in the new energy station, and the station fault ride-through test device is also connected with a plurality of power generation unit control systems in the new energy station;
the station fault ride-through test device is used for receiving a three-phase voltage data set and a three-phase current data set of the grid connection point of the new energy station; the station fault ride-through test device is also used for receiving three-phase voltage data sets and three-phase current data sets transmitted by a plurality of power generation unit control systems of the new energy station;
The power generation unit control systems of the new energy station are used for controlling the three-phase voltage signals to be disturbance voltage signals or actual grid-connected point voltage signals based on control words;
based on the three-phase voltage data set and the three-phase current data set transmitted by the grid-connected point, calculating the three-phase active power of the grid-connected point, and performing fault simulation according to the three-phase active power;
and completing a fault ride-through performance test based on the fault simulation.
Optionally, the fault ride through performance test based on the fault simulation is specifically including:
and recording voltage and current waveforms of the grid-connected point and the power generation unit control systems in a first time period and a second time period of the fault based on the three-phase voltage data sets, the three-phase current data sets, the voltage drop depth or the voltage rise coefficient and the control word, which are transmitted by the power generation unit control systems.
Optionally, in the recording the first time period and the second time period of the fault, the voltage and current waveforms of the grid-connected point and the control systems of the plurality of power generation units further include: and repeatedly changing the voltage drop depth or the voltage rise coefficient for a plurality of times, and repeatedly executing the step of completing the fault ride-through performance test based on the fault simulation to obtain a plurality of different voltage and current waveforms.
Optionally, the inertia frequency test is based on an inertia frequency test system, the inertia frequency test system comprises a frequency disturbance device, a station control system and a new energy station, one end of the frequency disturbance device is connected with the new energy station, one end of the station control system is connected with the other end of the frequency disturbance device, and the other end of the station control system is connected with a plurality of power generation unit control systems in the new energy station;
the frequency disturbance device is used for transmitting disturbance frequency to the station control system; the station control system is used for responding to the frequency change according to the disturbance frequency, and is also used for outputting corresponding power instructions to the power generation unit control systems.
Optionally, the inertia frequency test comprises a primary frequency modulation response test and an inertia response test;
the primary frequency modulation response test comprises a primary frequency modulation response idle test and a load test, and the inertia response test comprises an inertia response idle test and a non-idle test.
Optionally, the primary frequency modulation response no-load test includes setting a test point and a plurality of frequency setting values in a simulation model, controlling the test point frequency to be stepped from a rated frequency to the plurality of frequency setting values, and recording the actual measurement frequency of the test point and setting parameters of the simulation model when the test point frequency is stepped from the rated frequency to each frequency setting value;
The primary frequency modulation response load test comprises the steps of setting an active power control mode of the new energy station, setting grid-connected point frequency and voltage control mode in the new energy station, setting an enabling state, setting a plurality of frequency setting values, controlling the grid-connected point frequency in the new energy station to be stepped to each frequency setting value, and recording whether a unit in the new energy station is off-grid.
Optionally, the inertia response no-load test includes setting a test point and a plurality of frequency change rates in a simulation model, continuously adjusting the frequency value of the test point based on the plurality of frequency change rates, and recording the setting parameters of the simulation model and the actual measurement frequency of the test point in the continuous adjustment process;
the non-idle test of the inertia response test comprises the steps of setting an active power control mode of the new energy station, setting grid-connected point frequency and voltage control mode in the new energy station, setting different enabling states, a plurality of frequency setting values and a plurality of frequency change values, and recording whether a unit in the new energy station is off-grid when the grid-connected point in the new energy station is in different enabling states, different frequency setting values and different frequency change values.
Optionally, the subsynchronous oscillation test is based on a subsynchronous oscillation test system, and the subsynchronous oscillation test system comprises a current disturbance device and a new energy station, and the current disturbance device is connected with a grid connection point in the new energy station; the current disturbance device is used for transmitting different subsynchronous/supersynchronous currents to the grid connection point.
Optionally, the subsynchronous oscillation test includes obtaining different voltage and current response conditions of the grid-connected point according to the different subsynchronous currents, and analyzing response characteristics of the grid-connected point according to the different voltage and current response conditions.
The embodiment of the application has the following advantages or beneficial effects:
the application provides a method for establishing a new energy station model based on a field test, wherein the field test comprises a fault ride-through performance test, an inertia frequency test and a secondary/super synchronous oscillation test, and the method comprises the following steps: based on the field test, obtaining actual measurement data of the dynamic performance of the new energy station according to the dynamic performance of the new energy station; the method for establishing, verifying and updating the new energy station model according to the measured data comprises the following steps. According to the application, through three field tests, namely a fault crossing performance test, an inertia frequency test and a secondary/super synchronous oscillation test, the actual measurement data of the dynamic performance of the new energy station is more accurate, and furthermore, the effectiveness and accuracy of the new energy station model established according to the actual measurement data are greatly improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the application, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system parameter identification solution according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a method for establishing a new energy station model based on a field test according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a fault ride-through performance test system according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a specific fault ride-through performance test system according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a modified power generation unit control system in accordance with an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an inertia frequency test system according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a specific inertia frequency test system according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a secondary/super-synchronous oscillation test system according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a specific sub/super synchronous oscillation test system according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 10 is an internal structural diagram of an apparatus in an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present application will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.
In order to solve the problem that the effectiveness and accuracy of the current new energy station model cannot be effectively guaranteed and improved, the embodiment of the application ensures the effectiveness and accuracy of the model by improving the accuracy of modeling data in the station model. Specifically, a large amount of relevant data support is needed for establishing a model, and the embodiment of the application obtains real and accurate actual measured data through field tests of an actual new energy station, so that an effective and accurate model is obtained based on the models.
Modeling data for the new energy station model is obtained based on the dynamic performance of the new energy station, i.e. the dynamic performance of the new energy station contains the modeling data. According to the technical specification and related standards of the new energy station accessing the power grid, the dynamic performance requirements of the new energy station should include: the new energy station fault ride through performance, inertia, primary frequency modulation response and secondary/super synchronous oscillation disturbance response characteristics. In particular, the method comprises the steps of,
1. the new energy station fault ride-through performance comprises low voltage ride-through capability, high voltage ride-through capability and continuous ride-through capability. Taking a wind power plant as an example, the dynamic reactive power supporting capability in the case of three-phase symmetrical faults of grid connection points of a new energy station can meet the following requirements:
a) When the three-phase short circuit fault occurs in the power system and the positive sequence component of the grid-connected point voltage is lower than 80% of the nominal voltage, the wind farm has dynamic reactive power supporting capability.
b) The wind farm dynamic reactive current increment should respond to the grid-connected point voltage change and should satisfy:
ΔI t ＝K 1 ×(0.9-U t )×I N ，(0.2≤U t ≤0.9)
wherein: ΔI t The dynamic reactive current increment injected into the wind power plant is in an ampere (A); k (K) 1 For the dynamic reactive current proportionality coefficient of the wind farm, K 1 The value range should be not less than 1.5, preferably not more than 3; u (U) t The voltage per unit value of the grid-connected point of the wind power plant is per unit value (pu); i N The rated current of the wind farm is given in the unit of ampere (A).
c) During voltage sag, the output reactive current of the wind farm to the power system is the output reactive current I during normal operation before the voltage sag 0 Delta I with dynamic reactive current t And the maximum output capacity of reactive current of the wind power plant is not less than 1.05 times of rated current of the wind power plant.
d) And the rise time of the dynamic reactive current of the wind power plant is not more than 60ms from the moment of voltage drop of the grid-connected point. From the moment when the grid-connected point voltage is restored to be more than 90% of the nominal voltage, the wind farm should withdraw the dynamic reactive current increment within 40 ms.
For wind farms that are not cut out during a power system fault, the active power should be restored quickly after the fault is cleared, and from the moment of fault clearance, to the pre-fault value at a power rate of change of at least 20% pn/s.
From the above requirements, it can be seen that the fault ride through performance is a very important dynamic performance in the new energy station modeling analysis, and the active and reactive characteristics in the fault ride through process are the most important two dynamic characteristics.
2. Inertia and primary frequency modulation response. Also taking a wind farm as an example, when the frequency deviation of the power system is larger than the dead zone range and the active power of the wind farm is larger than 20% P N When the wind farm is required to provide inertia response under the condition of meeting the formula (1), and the active power change delta P of the wind farm t Equation (2) should be satisfied.
Wherein: ΔP t The unit is Megawatt (MW) for the change of active power of the wind farm; t (T) J The equivalent inertia time constant of the wind farm is expressed in seconds(s); f (f) N The frequency is the rated frequency of the power system, and the unit is hertz (Hz); f is the grid-connected point frequency of the wind power plant, and the unit is hertz (Hz); Δf is the power system frequency deviation in hertz (Hz); p (P) t Active power of the wind farm is Megawatt (MW); t is time in seconds(s).
From the above requirements, it can be seen that the dynamic performance of inertia and primary frequency modulation response is also very important for the analysis of the new energy station, that is, for the modeling of the new energy station, and the frequency change rate are the important dynamic characteristics of the dynamic performance.
3. Sub/super synchronous oscillation disturbance response characteristics. Theoretical analysis and engineering practice show that under the condition that a series compensation device and a direct current converter station are arranged in an alternating current power grid in a near zone of a new energy station or a short circuit of a wind power station is low, subsynchronous oscillation risk exists, and the safe and stable operation of a power system is threatened. Therefore, the disturbance response characteristic of the subsynchronous oscillation is an important aspect of the grid-connected analysis of the current new energy.
Based on the above analysis, three dynamic properties can be seen: 1. the new energy station fault ride through performance, the 2-inertia and primary frequency modulation response and the 3-time/super-synchronous oscillation disturbance response characteristics are very important for the analysis of the new energy station, and as is well known, the new energy station model is built for the convenience of analyzing the station, so that it can be understood that the three dynamic performances are very important for modeling of the new energy station. Further, the accuracy of the data contained in the three dynamic performances is significant for the accuracy of the modeling model of the new energy station. The embodiment of the application adopts a field test method to improve the accuracy of the data, and the field test can only be carried out on the unit on a single box transformer due to the capacity limitation of the test device and the influence on the safety of the power grid, so that the whole field cannot be uniformly considered; meanwhile, in consideration of time and economic cost of testing, sampling testing is usually carried out on single units in a field at present, and it is difficult to consider all units in the field.
According to the embodiment of the application, all units based on the field are subjected to field test by using a simple and easy-to-implement method, so that measured data are obtained. After the measured data are obtained, the measured data are required to be analyzed, a model is built based on the measured data, and system parameter identification is carried out on the model. Referring to fig. 1, a schematic diagram of a system parameter identification solution provided in an embodiment of the present application is shown, where M refers to a new energy station, and a specific parameter identification solution includes: the method comprises the steps of firstly injecting interference into an actual working system and a plurality of new energy stations participating in the work respectively, starting to realize the actual work, namely starting to input and output energy, measuring input values and output values at the moment, identifying actual measurement data by using a parameter identification method, establishing and perfecting a system model based on the actual measurement data, and finally further perfecting the actual working system according to the system model.
The system parameter identification solution has three core elements, namely model type, model data and algorithm for processing the data. The model types can be divided into a parametric model and a non-parametric model, wherein the parametric model refers to a universal mathematical model, and the non-parametric model refers to a mathematical model of implicit parameters, such as frequency response, impulse response, transfer function and the like. The model data is generally divided into two groups, one is used for establishing a model of the system, the actual values of parameters in the system are obtained by using a parameter identification method, and then the actual values are substituted into the established model, so that the accuracy of the established model in actual application is verified by using the other group of data. The algorithm for processing the data is a method of substituting the data set into the established model and continuously updating and correcting the parameter values in the data set. It should be noted that, the steps after obtaining the measured data may be implemented by using existing steps, and the embodiment of the present application is mainly directed to specific method steps for obtaining the measured data.
Based on the above system parameter identification solution, the embodiment of the application provides a method for establishing a new energy station model based on a field test, please refer to fig. 2, which is a flowchart of a method for establishing a new energy station model based on a field test, the method comprises:
And 100, performing field test on the new energy station. The field test comprises a fault ride through performance test, an inertia frequency test and a secondary/super synchronous oscillation test.
And 200, analyzing the dynamic performance of the new energy station based on the field test to obtain the actual measurement data of the dynamic performance of the new energy station.
And 300, establishing, verifying and updating a new energy station model according to the measured data.
It is to be understood that, based on the above, the step 300 may be implemented by using the prior art, which is not described in detail in the present application. Embodiments of the present application will be described primarily in the context of field testing in steps 100 and 200.
In the embodiment of the application, the three dynamic performances are subjected to field test, so that the relevant measured data are obtained through analysis, and the extremely high accuracy of the measured data is further ensured. And further, a new energy station model is built according to the measured data, so that the effectiveness and accuracy of the station model are effectively guaranteed and improved.
In one possible implementation manner, the three performance tests in step 100, namely the fault crossing performance test, the inertia frequency test and the subsynchronous/supersynchronous oscillation test, are all based on corresponding test systems, and different disturbance information is added to obtain multiple groups of measured data so as to complete the test. The following describes the specific test methods of the three performance tests, respectively.
First, referring to fig. 3, a schematic structural diagram of a fault ride through performance test system provided by an embodiment of the present application is shown, referring to fig. 4, and a schematic structural diagram of a specific fault ride through performance test system provided by an embodiment of the present application is shown. Referring to fig. 3 and 4, the fault ride through performance test system includes a station fault ride through experimental setup 310 and a new energy station 320. The station fault ride-through test device 310 is connected to a grid connection point 321 in the new energy station 320, and the station fault ride-through test device 310 is also connected to a plurality of power generation unit control systems 322 in the new energy station 320.
The connection in the fault ride-through performance test system may be through an optical fiber connection, or a transmission line made of other materials, which is not limited herein. Specifically, the three-phase voltage data set and the three-phase current data set of the grid-connected point 321, and the three-phase voltage data set and the three-phase current data set of the plurality of power generation unit control systems 322 are transmitted to the station fault ride-through test device 310 through optical fibers respectively. The plurality of power generation unit control systems 322 of the new energy station 320 control the three-phase voltage signals to disturbance voltage signals or actual grid-connected point voltage signals based on the control word CTR. Based on the three-phase voltage data set and the three-phase current data set transmitted by the grid-connected point 321, calculating the three-phase active power of the grid-connected point 321, and performing fault simulation according to the three-phase active power; and completing the fault ride-through performance test based on fault simulation.
The three-phase voltage data sets of the grid-connected point 321 are respectively: ua, ub, uc, three-phase current data sets are respectively: ia. Ib, ic. The three-phase voltage data sets of the plurality of power generation unit control systems 322 are respectively: uak, ubk, uck (k=1, 2, 3..n), where k represents a kth power generation unit control system; the three-phase current data sets are respectively: iak, ibk, ick (k=1, 2, 3..n), and likewise, where k represents a kth power generation unit control system. In the embodiment of the present application, a plurality of power generation unit control systems 322 may be modified, and please refer to fig. 5, which is a schematic diagram of a modified power generation unit control system in the embodiment of the present application. Three-phase voltage data sets collected by the power generation unit control system 322: uak, ubk, uck the corresponding process is performed. Specifically, the control word CTR is used for controlling, the three-phase voltage signal used for fault voltage crossing and control is modified into a disturbance voltage signal or an actual grid-connected point voltage signal, and when the control signals of the inner and outer rings of the voltage are kept unchanged, that is, ctr=0, the three-phase voltage signal is modified into the actual grid-connected point voltage signal; ctr=1, the three-phase voltage signal is modified to a disturbance voltage signal. And further, according to the three-phase voltage data set and the three-phase current data set of the grid-connected point 321, calculating the three-phase active power of the grid-connected point 321, and respectively carrying out the following fault simulation under the conditions of high power (P is more than or equal to 0.9 Pn), medium power (0.9 Pn is more than or equal to 0.35 Pn) and low power (0.35 Pn is more than or equal to 0.2 Pn).
In the embodiment of the application, the fault ride through performance test completed based on fault simulation specifically includes a three-phase voltage data set, a three-phase current data set, a voltage drop depth or a voltage rise coefficient, and a control word CTR, which are transmitted based on a plurality of power generation unit control systems 322, and voltage and current waveforms of the parallel network point 321 and the plurality of power generation unit control systems 322 in a first time period and a second time period of fault are recorded. Wherein the first time period is 2s before and after the fault; the second time period is during a fault. After the voltage-current waveform is recorded, the voltage drop depth or the voltage rise coefficient is required to be changed for a plurality of times, and then the steps are repeatedly executed to obtain a plurality of different voltage-current waveforms. The fault simulation conditions comprise three-phase symmetrical drop fault simulation, two-phase asymmetrical drop fault simulation, single-phase asymmetrical drop fault simulation, three-phase symmetrical rise fault simulation and two-phase asymmetrical rise fault simulation. The specific implementation mode is as follows: it should be noted that, the uabeck is a three-phase voltage; the value of Ku, kua, kub is determined empirically by those skilled in the art in combination with power regulations. Specific:
I. three-phase symmetrical drop fault simulation:
(1) Let Δuabeck=ku×uabeck, k=1, 2..n, ku is the voltage drop depth. For a photovoltaic power plant, ku= 0,0.2,0.35,0.5,0.75,0.9 is considered; for a wind farm, ku= 0.2,0.35,0.5,0.75,0.9 is considered.
(2) The initial value is set ku=0.9, and then the test system voltage sag disturbance is enabled, so that ctr=1, the analog system voltage sag, the photovoltaic voltage and the fault sag duration of the wind farm are selected according to GB/T19964 and GB/T19963, respectively. And recording voltage and current waveforms of the grid-connected point and each generating unit before and after the fault and during the fault.
(3) Changing the Ku value, and repeating the step (2) until all the low-voltage disturbance tests are completed.
II, two-phase asymmetric drop fault simulation:
(4) As Δ Uak =kua× Uak, Δ Ubk = Kub × Ubk, Δ Ubk = Uck, k=1, 2..n, kua, kub are voltage drop depths. For a photovoltaic power plant, kua= Kub = 0,0.2,0.35,0.5,0.75,0.9 is considered; for a wind farm, kua= Kub = 0.2,0.35,0.5,0.75,0.9 is considered.
(5) The initial value setting kua= Kub =0.9, then the test system voltage sag disturbance is enabled, with ctr=1, the analog system voltage sag, the photovoltaic voltage and the wind farm fault sag duration are selected according to GB/T19964 and GB/T19963, respectively. Recording voltage and current waveforms of the grid-connected points and each power generation unit before and after the fault and during the fault period;
(6) And (5) changing the Kua and Kub values, and repeating the step (5) until all the low-voltage disturbance tests are completed.
III, single-phase asymmetric drop fault simulation:
(7) Let Δ Uak =kua× Uak, Δ Ubk = Ubk, Δ Ubk = Uck, k=1, 2..n, kua is the voltage drop depth. For a photovoltaic power plant, kua= 0,0.2,0.35,0.5,0.75,0.9 is considered; for a wind farm, kua= 0.2,0.35,0.5,0.75,0.9 is considered.
(8) The initial value is set kua=0.9, and then the test system voltage sag disturbance is enabled, so that ctr=1, the analog system voltage sag, the photovoltaic voltage and the fault sag duration of the wind farm are selected according to GB/T19964 and GB/T19963, respectively. Recording voltage and current waveforms of the grid-connected points and each power generation unit before and after the fault and during the fault period;
(9) Changing the Kua value, and repeating the step (8) until all the low-voltage disturbance tests are completed.
IV, three-phase symmetrical rising fault simulation:
(10) Let Δuabeck=ku×uabeck, k=1, 2..n, ku is the voltage increase coefficient, considering ku= 1.15,1.2,1.25,1.3.
(11) The initial value is set ku=0.9, then the test system voltage rise disturbance is enabled, ctr=1, the analog system voltage rises, and the photovoltaic voltage and the fault drop duration of the wind farm are selected according to GB/T19964 and GB/T19963, respectively. Recording voltage and current waveforms of the grid-connected points and each power generation unit before and after the fault and during the fault period;
(12) Changing the Ku value, and repeating the step (11) until all high-voltage disturbance tests are completed.
V. two-phase asymmetric boost fault simulation:
(13) As a voltage increase factor, Δ Uak =kua× Uak, Δ Ubk = Kub × Ubk, Δ Ubk = Uck, k=1, 2. Consider Kua, kub= 1.15,1.2,1.25,1.3.
(14) Initial value setting kua= Kub =0.9, then enabling test system voltage rise disturbance, causing ctr=1, analog system voltage rise, photovoltaic voltage and wind farm fault drop duration were selected according to GB/T19964 and GB/T19963, respectively. Recording voltage and current waveforms of the grid-connected points and each power generation unit before and after the fault and during the fault period;
(15) Changing the Kua and Kub values, repeating the step (14) until all high voltage disturbance tests are completed.
Based on the fault crossing step, voltage and current waveforms of the grid connection points and each power generation unit before and after the fault and during the fault under all fault simulation conditions are obtained.
In the embodiment of the application, the current fault ride-through performance of the new energy station usually adopts a hardware-in-loop simulation verification method, and the reason is that the field verification is limited by the capacity of the fault ride-through disturbance device, so that the box transformer can only be tested, and the whole field cannot be tested; and the simulation verification is difficult to access the hardware of all units to the ring controller, and a single-machine multiplication method is generally adopted, so that the test accuracy is limited. The application provides the test system shown in fig. 3 and 4, the test scheme is directly implemented on site, the accuracy of the test is ensured, expensive primary equipment is not needed, and the test can be realized by simply modifying the control systems of the station and the unit.
Next, referring to fig. 6, a schematic structural diagram of an inertia frequency test system provided by an embodiment of the present application, referring to fig. 7, a schematic structural diagram of a specific inertia frequency test system provided by an embodiment of the present application is shown. Referring to fig. 6 and 7, the inertia frequency test system includes a frequency perturbing means 610, a station control system 620, and a new energy station 320. One end of the frequency disturbance device 610 is connected with the new energy station 320, one end of the station control system 620 is connected with the other end of the frequency disturbance device 610, and the other end of the station control system 620 is connected with a plurality of power generation unit control systems 322 in the new energy station 320.
The connection in the inertia frequency test system may be through an optical fiber connection, or a transmission line made of other materials, which is not limited herein. Specifically, the frequency perturbation device 610 is configured to transmit the perturbation frequency to the station control system 620; the station control system 620 is configured to respond to the frequency variation according to the disturbance frequency, and the station control system 620 is further configured to output corresponding power commands to the plurality of power generation unit control systems 322.
In an embodiment of the application, the inertia frequency test comprises a primary frequency modulation response test and an inertia response test. The primary frequency modulation response test comprises a primary frequency modulation response idle test and a load test, and the inertia response test comprises an inertia response idle test and a non-idle test. In particular, the method comprises the steps of,
Primary frequency modulation response no-load test: setting a test point and a plurality of frequency setting values in the simulation model, and controlling the test point frequency to be stepped from a rated frequency to the plurality of frequency setting values based on the frequency perturbation device 610, wherein each frequency setting value should last for at least 5 seconds; recording the actual measurement frequency of the simulation model setting parameters and the test point when the frequency of the test point is stepped from the rated frequency to each frequency setting value. Wherein the frequency setting may be set according to a dead band range based on experience of one skilled in the art in combination with power regulations. For example, when the dead zone range is 0.03Hz, the plurality of frequency settings may be: 49.98Hz, 50.02Hz, 49.5Hz, 49.0Hz, 48.5Hz, 48.0Hz, 50.5Hz, 51.0Hz, 51.5Hz.
Primary frequency modulation response load test: before the test starts, setting an active power control mode of the wind power plant as a frequency modulation mode; the frequency of the grid-connected point is rated frequency, and the voltage of the grid-connected point is rated voltage; enabling a primary frequency modulation control function. A plurality of frequency settings are set. The wind farm grid-connected point frequency is controlled to be stepped to a plurality of frequency set values based on the frequency disturbance device 610, the retention time of each frequency set value is not less than 30s, and the retention test time is not less than 10s after the frequency is restored to the rated frequency value. In the test process, whether the wind turbine generator in the wind power plant is off-grid is recorded. For example, when the dead zone range is 0.03Hz, the plurality of frequency settings may be: 49.98Hz, 50.02Hz, 49.5Hz, 49.0Hz, 48.5Hz, 48.0Hz, 50.5Hz, 51.0Hz, 51.5Hz. It should be noted that, the wind farm is only used as an example for explanation, and the method is not limited to be used only in the wind farm, and is applicable to all new energy stations.
Inertia response no-load test: setting a test point and a plurality of frequency change rates in a simulation model, continuously adjusting the frequency value of the test point according to the plurality of frequency change rates, specifically taking dead zone range of 0.05Hz/s as an example, controlling the test point frequency to change from rated frequency to 51.5Hz at the frequency change rates of 0.04Hz/s and 0.1Hz/s respectively based on a frequency disturbance device 610, keeping the time at not less than 10s after the frequency is stable, and then recovering to 50Hz at the same change rate; repeating the process, adjusting the frequency from 50Hz to 48Hz, and then recovering to 50Hz; and recording the actual measurement frequency of the simulation model setting parameters and the test points.
Inertia response non-empty test: before the test starts, setting an active power control mode of the wind power plant as a frequency modulation mode; the frequency of the grid-connected point is rated frequency, and the voltage of the grid-connected point is rated voltage; enabling inertia control functions. Setting a plurality of frequency setting values, a plurality of frequency variation values and different enabling states. Specifically, taking the dead zone range of 0.05Hz/s as an example, the inertia response situation of the wind power plant is tested: the grid-connected point frequency of the wind power plant is set in the frequency disturbance device, the grid-connected point frequency is changed from 50Hz to the designated frequency at the designated change rate, the frequency stabilizing time is not less than 10s, and the test time is not less than 10s after the same frequency change rate is recovered to 50 Hz. In the test process, whether the wind turbine generator in the wind power plant is off-grid is recorded. Wherein the enabling condition, the frequency setting value, and the frequency change rate are as follows:
a. The primary frequency modulation is not enabled, the frequency setting value is 48.0Hz, and the frequency change rate is 0.04Hz/s;
b. the primary frequency modulation is not enabled, the frequency setting value is 51.5Hz, and the frequency change rate is 0.04Hz/s;
c. the primary frequency modulation is not enabled, the frequency setting value is 48.0Hz, and the frequency change rate is 0.1Hz/s;
d. the primary frequency modulation is not enabled, the frequency setting value is 51.5Hz, and the frequency change rate is 0.1Hz/s;
e. enabling primary frequency modulation, wherein the frequency setting value is 48.0Hz, and the frequency change rate is 0.1Hz/s;
f. enabling primary frequency modulation, wherein the frequency setting value is 51.5Hz, and the frequency change rate is 0.1Hz/s.
It should be noted that, the wind farm is only used as an example for explanation, and the method is not limited to be used only in the wind farm, and is applicable to all new energy stations.
Based on the above, the inertia frequency test obtains a plurality of groups of simulation model setting parameters, actual measurement frequencies of test points and whether a new energy unit in the new energy station is off-grid.
In the embodiment of the application, the frequency disturbance device 610 and the station control system 620 are arranged, so that the test system receives certain frequency disturbance, and accurate measured data is obtained according to the frequency disturbance, thereby laying a foundation for the establishment of a subsequent new energy station model.
Finally, the secondary/super-synchronous oscillation test is based on a secondary/super-synchronous oscillation test system, please refer to fig. 8, which is a schematic structural diagram of the secondary/super-synchronous oscillation test system provided by the embodiment of the present application, and please refer to fig. 9, which is a schematic structural diagram of a specific secondary/super-synchronous oscillation test system provided by the embodiment of the present application. Referring to fig. 8 and 9, the secondary/super synchronous oscillation test system includes a current disturbance device 810 and a new energy station 320, wherein the current disturbance device 810 is connected with a grid connection point 321 in the new energy station 320; the current perturbation device 810 is used to deliver different sub/super synchronous currents to the grid-tie point 321.
In the embodiment of the application, the subsynchronous oscillation test includes obtaining different voltage and current response conditions of the parallel point 321 according to different subsynchronous currents, and analyzing the response characteristics of the parallel point 321 according to the different voltage and current response conditions. Specifically, the steps of the sub/super synchronous oscillation test are as follows:
i. injecting three-phase positive sequence harmonic voltage delta u with initial frequency f;
ii, after the system is stable, storing the voltage and current of the grid-connected point of the new energy station;
harmonic decomposition is carried out on the voltage and the current of the grid-connected point of the new energy station, and harmonic voltage phasors under the disturbance of the frequency f are respectively obtained And harmonic current phasors->From this the positive sequence self-impedance of the unit at frequency f is calculated>And trans-impedance->
Setting the disturbance current as the negative sequence current of f, repeating the step iii and the step iv to obtain the negative sequence self-impedance of the unit at the frequency fAnd trans-impedance->
Setting the disturbance current frequency as f+Deltaf, and repeating the steps ii-v until all frequency points in the frequency range are measured. Where Δf is obtained according to the experience of the person skilled in the art in combination with the power regulation.
Changing the power operation point of the new energy station, and repeating the steps ii-vi until the measurement of the operation range of all the concerned power operation points is completed.
Based on the above, the secondary/super synchronous oscillation test obtains positive sequence self-impedance, positive sequence transimpedance, negative sequence self-impedance and negative sequence transimpedance of a plurality of frequency points under a plurality of groups of power operation points.
In the embodiment of the application, the current disturbance device 810 is arranged to enable the test system to receive a certain sub/super synchronous oscillation disturbance, and accurate measured data is obtained according to the disturbance, so that a foundation is further laid for the establishment of a subsequent new energy station model.
In the embodiment of the application, the new energy station model is established according to the data of the plurality of experiments, and specifically, parameters in the new energy station model can be set according to the data of fault voltage waveforms, frequency values, frequency change rates, positive sequence self-impedance, positive sequence mutual impedance, negative sequence self-impedance, negative sequence mutual impedance and the like obtained by the experiments. After the new energy station model is established, the new energy station model can be verified and updated through the experiment, and finally the new energy station model with high effectiveness and accuracy is obtained.
According to the embodiment of the application, through three field tests, namely a fault crossing performance test, an inertia frequency test and a secondary/super synchronous oscillation test, the actual measurement data of the dynamic performance of the new energy station is more accurate, and furthermore, the effectiveness and the accuracy of the new energy station model established according to the actual measurement data are greatly improved. Laying a good foundation for the safety performance of the new energy station.
In an embodiment of the present application, there is provided a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program which, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to perform any one of the methods of the above-described method embodiments.
In one embodiment, an apparatus is provided that includes a memory and a processor, the memory storing a computer program that, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to perform any one of the method embodiments described above.
Fig. 10 shows an internal structural diagram of the apparatus in one embodiment. The computer device may specifically be a terminal, a server, or a gateway. As shown in fig. 10, the computer device includes a processor, a memory, and a network interface connected by a system bus. The memory includes a nonvolatile storage medium and an internal memory. The non-volatile storage medium of the computer device stores an operating system, and may also store a computer program which, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to implement the steps of the method embodiments described above. The internal memory may also have stored therein a computer program which, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to perform the steps of the method embodiments described above. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the structure shown in FIG. 10 is merely a block diagram of some of the structures associated with the present inventive arrangements and is not limiting of the computer device to which the present inventive arrangements may be applied, and that a particular computer device may include more or fewer components than shown, or may combine some of the components, or have a different arrangement of components.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that all or part of the processes in the methods of the above embodiments may be implemented by a computer program for instructing relevant hardware, where the program may be stored in a non-volatile computer readable storage medium, and where the program, when executed, may include processes in the embodiments of the methods described above. Any reference to memory, storage, database, or other medium used in embodiments provided herein may include non-volatile and/or volatile memory. The nonvolatile memory can include Read Only Memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically Programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically Erasable Programmable ROM (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory can include Random Access Memory (RAM) or external cache memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM is available in a variety of forms such as Static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double Data Rate SDRAM (DDRSDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), synchronous Link DRAM (SLDRAM), memory bus direct RAM (RDRAM), direct memory bus dynamic RAM (DRDRAM), and memory bus dynamic RAM (RDRAM), among others.
The technical features of the above embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described for brevity of description, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description.
The foregoing examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the application and are described in detail herein without thereby limiting the scope of the application. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the application, which are all within the scope of the application. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present application is to be determined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for building a new energy station model based on field tests, the method comprising:
performing field tests on the new energy station, wherein the field tests comprise a fault ride through performance test, an inertia frequency test and a secondary/super synchronous oscillation test;
analyzing the dynamic performance of the new energy station based on the field test to obtain actual measurement data of the dynamic performance of the new energy station;
And establishing, verifying and updating the new energy station model according to the measured data.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the fault ride-through performance test is based on a fault ride-through performance test system comprising a station fault ride-through test device and a new energy station, the station fault ride-through test device being connected to a grid connection point within the new energy station, the station fault ride-through test device being further connected to a number of power generation unit control systems within the new energy station;
the station fault ride-through test device is used for receiving a three-phase voltage data set and a three-phase current data set of the grid connection point of the new energy station; the station fault ride-through test device is also used for receiving three-phase voltage data sets and three-phase current data sets transmitted by a plurality of power generation unit control systems of the new energy station;
the power generation unit control systems of the new energy station are used for controlling the three-phase voltage signals to be disturbance voltage signals or actual grid-connected point voltage signals based on control words;
based on the three-phase voltage data set and the three-phase current data set transmitted by the grid-connected point, calculating the three-phase active power of the grid-connected point, and performing fault simulation according to the three-phase active power;
And completing a fault ride-through performance test based on the fault simulation.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the fault ride through performance test is completed based on the fault simulation, specifically comprising:
and recording voltage and current waveforms of the grid-connected point and the power generation unit control systems in a first time period and a second time period of the fault based on the three-phase voltage data sets, the three-phase current data sets, the voltage drop depth or the voltage rise coefficient and the control word, which are transmitted by the power generation unit control systems.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the recording of the voltage current waveforms of the grid-tie point and the plurality of power generation unit control systems during the first and second time periods of the fault further comprises: and repeatedly changing the voltage drop depth or the voltage rise coefficient for a plurality of times, and repeatedly executing the step of completing the fault ride-through performance test based on the fault simulation to obtain a plurality of different voltage and current waveforms.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the inertia frequency test is based on an inertia frequency test system, the inertia frequency test system comprises a frequency disturbance device, a station control system and a new energy station, one end of the frequency disturbance device is connected with the new energy station, one end of the station control system is connected with the other end of the frequency disturbance device, and the other end of the station control system is connected with a plurality of power generation unit control systems in the new energy station;
The frequency disturbance device is used for transmitting disturbance frequency to the station control system; the station control system is used for responding to the frequency change according to the disturbance frequency, and is also used for outputting corresponding power instructions to the power generation unit control systems.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the inertia frequency test comprises a primary frequency modulation response test and an inertia response test;
the primary frequency modulation response test comprises a primary frequency modulation response idle test and a load test, and the inertia response test comprises an inertia response idle test and a non-idle test.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the primary frequency modulation response no-load test comprises setting a test point and a plurality of frequency settings in a simulation model, controlling the test point frequency to step from a nominal frequency to the plurality of frequency settings, and recording the test point frequency from the nominal frequency to each of the frequency settings, wherein the simulation model sets parameters and measured frequencies of the test point;
the primary frequency modulation response load test comprises the steps of setting an active power control mode of the new energy station, setting grid-connected point frequency and voltage control mode in the new energy station, setting an enabling state, setting a plurality of frequency setting values, controlling the grid-connected point frequency in the new energy station to be stepped to each frequency setting value, and recording whether a unit in the new energy station is off-grid.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein the inertia response no-load test comprises setting a test point and a plurality of frequency change rates in a simulation model, continuously adjusting frequency values of the test point based on the plurality of frequency change rates, and recording actual measurement frequencies of the test point and setting parameters of the simulation model during the continuously adjusting process;
the non-idle test of the inertia response test comprises the steps of setting an active power control mode of the new energy station, setting grid-connected point frequency and voltage control mode in the new energy station, setting different enabling states, a plurality of frequency setting values and a plurality of frequency change values, and recording whether a unit in the new energy station is off-grid when the grid-connected point in the new energy station is in different enabling states, different frequency setting values and different frequency change values.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the subsynchronous oscillation test is based on a subsynchronous oscillation test system comprising a current perturbation device and a new energy station, the current perturbation device being connected to a grid connection point within the new energy station; the current disturbance device is used for transmitting different subsynchronous/supersynchronous currents to the grid connection point.
10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the subsynchronous oscillation test comprises obtaining different voltage and current response conditions of the grid-connected point according to the different subsynchronous currents, and analyzing response characteristics of the grid-connected point according to the different voltage and current response conditions.
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