CN116936136A - Pressure-restraining cabin of marine reactor and marine reactor - Google Patents

Pressure-restraining cabin of marine reactor and marine reactor Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116936136A
CN116936136A CN202210348260.2A CN202210348260A CN116936136A CN 116936136 A CN116936136 A CN 116936136A CN 202210348260 A CN202210348260 A CN 202210348260A CN 116936136 A CN116936136 A CN 116936136A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
reactor
cabin
water
deck
suppression
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN202210348260.2A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
顾颖宾
胡安康
林一
陈励志
田明琦
侯阅兵
罗涛
王立陶
葛骥
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China Nuclear Offshore Nuclear Power Development Co ltd
Original Assignee
China Nuclear Offshore Nuclear Power Development Co ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by China Nuclear Offshore Nuclear Power Development Co ltd filed Critical China Nuclear Offshore Nuclear Power Development Co ltd
Priority to CN202210348260.2A priority Critical patent/CN116936136A/en
Publication of CN116936136A publication Critical patent/CN116936136A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G21NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21CNUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C13/00Pressure vessels; Containment vessels; Containment in general
    • G21C13/02Details
    • GPHYSICS
    • G21NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21CNUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C15/00Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
    • G21C15/02Arrangements or disposition of passages in which heat is transferred to the coolant; Coolant flow control devices
    • GPHYSICS
    • G21NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21CNUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C15/00Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
    • G21C15/18Emergency cooling arrangements; Removing shut-down heat
    • GPHYSICS
    • G21NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21CNUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C9/00Emergency protection arrangements structurally associated with the reactor, e.g. safety valves provided with pressure equalisation devices
    • G21C9/004Pressure suppression
    • G21C9/012Pressure suppression by thermal accumulation or by steam condensation, e.g. ice condensers
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/30Nuclear fission reactors

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Structure Of Emergency Protection For Nuclear Reactors (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of nuclear power ships and nuclear energy safety application, in particular to a ballast of a marine reactor and the marine reactor. The suppression cabin is a region surrounded by the inner wall of the containment, the outer wall of the reactor cabin and the bottom plate of the reactor, and comprises: the gas cabin and the water cabin are divided by a watertight deck, and two ends of the watertight deck are respectively connected with the side wall of the reactor cabin and the inner wall of the containment; taking the reactor cabin as a symmetrical center, arranging air holes on a watertight deck positioned on one side of the reactor cabin, and arranging water falling holes on the watertight deck positioned on the other side of the reactor cabin; the vent holes are sequentially connected with a vent pipe, a drainage pipe and a return pipe, and the tail end of the return pipe is inserted into the cooling liquid; at least one layer of stagnation deck is arranged in the water cabin, and two ends of the stagnation deck are respectively connected with the side wall of the reactor cabin and the inner wall of the containment; a water flowing hole on the stagnation deck; the top of the inhibition cabin is provided with metal fins; the water falling hole is connected with a water falling pipe and extends to below the cooling liquid. The invention is suitable for the ballast cabin and the reactor of the ship body, has good safety and greatly limits the accident development.

Description

Pressure-restraining cabin of marine reactor and marine reactor
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of nuclear power ships and nuclear energy safety application, in particular to a ballast of a marine reactor and the marine reactor.
Background
The primary purpose of the reactor safety system is to ensure that after an accident, the reactor is shut down emergently, the core waste heat is discharged and the containment is complete so as to limit the development of the accident and reduce the consequences of the accident.
The containment is a closed space for preventing radioactive substances from escaping during operation or accident of the nuclear reactor, and also serves as a protection structure of the reactor compartment to protect equipment and systems in the reactor compartment from adverse effects of external events.
When a large amount of steam is filled in the reactor, the pressure born by the containment vessel is increased sharply, and in order to reduce the internal pressure of the reactor cabin as much as possible, it is important to arrange a pressure suppression water tank in the containment vessel, which can be used for condensing high-temperature steam;
meanwhile, when the condensation effect of the pressure-restraining water tank is close to the limit, the pressure-restraining water tank structure also needs to bear additional gas pressure, and the radioactive gas is kept from leaking to the external environment;
in addition, the design of the marine reactor is often limited by space, the water quantity of the safety injection system is very limited, and if the condensed water in the pressure-restraining water tank can be utilized to continuously fill the water for the safety injection system after the safety injection capacity is completely used up, the safety protection level of the reactor can be greatly improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that: the anti-pressure cabin of the marine reactor and the marine reactor are provided, so that the accident development is greatly limited, and the leakage of radioactive substances and the occurrence of reactor core melting are avoided.
The invention provides a suppression cabin of a marine reactor, which is an area surrounded by an inner wall of a containment, an outer wall of the reactor cabin and a bottom plate of the reactor, and comprises the following components: is divided into an air cabin at the upper part and a water cabin at the lower part by a watertight deck,
the two ends of the watertight deck are respectively connected with the side wall of the reactor cabin and the inner wall of the containment; taking the reactor cabin as a symmetrical center, arranging ventilation holes on a watertight deck positioned on one side of the reactor cabin, and arranging water falling holes on the watertight deck positioned on the other side of the reactor cabin;
the air holes are sequentially connected with the air permeability pipe, the drainage pipe and the return pipe, and the tail end of the return pipe is inserted into cooling liquid below the watertight deck;
at least one layer of stagnation deck is arranged in the water tank, and two ends of the stagnation deck are respectively connected with the side wall of the reactor tank and the inner wall of the containment; a plurality of groups of water holes are formed in the stagnation deck;
the rib plates at the top of the pressure inhibition cabin form metal fins;
the water falling hole is connected with a water falling pipe and extends to below the liquid level of the cooling liquid in the water cabin;
the suppression tube extends from the reactor compartment to below the coolant level of the water compartment.
Preferably, the watertight deck is at the same height from the reactor floor as the reactor roof.
Preferably, the ventilation holes are arranged on a watertight deck at the front part of the reactor compartment, and the water falling holes are arranged on a watertight deck at the rear part of the reactor compartment.
Preferably, the method further comprises: the funnel-shaped water-gas separation device is arranged between the ventilation pipe and the drainage pipe;
the water-gas separation device comprises a water-gas inlet, a gas outlet, a first water baffle, a second water baffle and a water falling port;
the gas outlet and the water gas inlet are respectively arranged at two opposite sides of the funnel-shaped side wall, the water falling opening is arranged at the bottom,
the first water baffle extends downwards from the top, so that the gas outlet is not directly opposite to the water gas inlet;
the second water baffle is arranged on the funnel-shaped inclined wall and is positioned at one side of the gas outlet;
the water-gas separation device is connected with the ventilation pipe through a gas inlet and is connected with the drainage pipe through a water outlet.
Preferably, the drainage tube is inclined from one side connected with the vent pipe to one side connected with the drainage tube, and the inclination angle is 0-3 degrees.
Preferably, the water bin stores cooling liquid, the cooling liquid is water, and the air bin stores air or nitrogen.
Preferably, the heave deck is arranged below the liquid level of the cooling liquid of the water tank, and two or three layers of heave decks are arranged.
Preferably, the distance of said heave deck of the highest level from the level of the cooling liquid is not more than 50% of the total depth of the liquid level.
Preferably, the bottom of the pressure suppressing pipe is provided with a bubble dispersing device.
The invention also discloses a marine reactor, wherein the containment vessel is divided into an upper part and a lower part by the bottom plate of the reactor cabin, the upper part comprises the suppression cabin and the reactor cabin according to the technical scheme, and the lower part is an isolation empty cabin.
Compared with the prior art, the suppression cabin of the marine reactor and the marine reactor have the following beneficial effects:
1) The invention combines the design concept of the ship isolation empty cabin, sets the safety shell at the isolation empty cabin position of the original ship body, compresses the volume of the isolation empty cabin of the original ship body for setting the reactor cabin and the restraint cabin, greatly saves the space and has extremely strong ship adaptability.
2) The depth of the water tank is large, the travelling distance of the pressure suppression pipe in the water body is long, and further, a discrete bubble device is adopted at the outlet of the pressure suppression pipe, so that high-temperature steam condensation is facilitated;
3) The problems of local ponding and corrosion on the cabin top structure caused by sloshing, overflowing to the cabin top and the like of cooling water are limited to the greatest extent by adopting the design of a sloshing deck, a watertight deck, ventilation and water falling.
4) The rib plates at the top of the pressure-restraining cabin are heightened to form a fin-like effect, so that heat is ensured to be transferred to a deck through the fins under the working condition of extreme accidents, and an external cold source takes away the heat, so that the cooling effect is improved, and the external cold source is fully utilized on the premise of no radioactive leakage;
5) The cooling water and the condensed water of the water tank of the ballast tank become redundant designs of the safety injection system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of a ballast tank structure of a marine reactor;
FIG. 2 shows a schematic structural view of a watertight deck;
FIG. 3 shows a schematic view of another watertight deck;
FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a water-gas separation device;
FIG. 5 shows a schematic view of a heave deck configuration;
FIG. 6 shows a schematic structural view of a marine reactor;
1-inner wall, 2-reactor deck plate, 3-reactor deck side wall, 4-reactor bottom plate, 5-reactor deck, 51-reactor pressure vessel, 52-suppression tube, 53-steam inlet, 54-bubble dispersion device, 55-suction port, 56-isolation valve, 57-amp pump, 58-boric acid vessel, 6-isolation empty bin, 7-suppression cabin, 71-stagnation deck. 72-metal fins, 73-ventilation holes, 74-water falling holes, 75-ventilation pipes, 76-water-gas separation devices, 761-water-gas inlets, 762-gas outlets, 763-water falling holes, 764-first water baffles, 765-second water baffles, 77-drainage pipes, 78-reinjection pipes, 79-water falling pipes, 8-watertight decks and 9-cooling liquid.
Detailed Description
For a further understanding of the present invention, embodiments of the invention are described below in conjunction with the examples, but it should be understood that these descriptions are merely intended to illustrate further features and advantages of the invention, and are not limiting of the invention.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a suppression cabin of a marine reactor, as shown in figure 1, the suppression cabin 7 is an area surrounded by the inner wall of a containment vessel 1, the outer wall of the reactor cabin and a reactor bottom plate 4,
in the present invention, the outer walls of the reactor compartment include a reactor compartment side wall 3 and a reactor compartment ceiling 2.
The suppression cabin of a marine reactor comprises: the watertight deck 8 is divided into an upper air cabin and a lower water cabin, cooling liquid is stored in the water cabin, the cooling liquid is water, and air or nitrogen is stored in the air cabin.
The two ends of the watertight deck 8 are respectively connected with the side wall 3 of the reactor compartment and the inner wall of the containment vessel 1;
preferably, the height of the watertight deck 8 from the reactor floor 4 is equal to the height of the reactor compartment ceiling 2 from the reactor floor.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the shape of the watertight deck 8 corresponds to the shape of the containment vessel 1 and the reactor compartment 5, and if the containment vessel 1 and the reactor compartment 5 are both cylindrical, the watertight deck 8 is circular; if the containment vessel 1 and the reactor compartment 5 are both rectangular, the watertight deck 8 is rectangular and annular.
With the reactor cabin 5 as a symmetrical center, an air hole 73 is arranged on a watertight deck 8 positioned on one side of the reactor cabin 5, and a water falling hole 74 is arranged on the watertight deck 8 positioned on the other side;
preferably, the ventilation holes 73 are provided on the watertight deck 8 at the front of the reactor compartment 5, and the water falling holes 74 are provided on the watertight deck 8 at the rear of the reactor compartment 5.
The ventilation holes 73 are sequentially connected with a ventilation pipe 75, a drainage pipe 77 and a return pipe 78, and the tail end of the return pipe is inserted into cooling liquid below the watertight deck 8;
the drainage tube is inclined from one side connected with the ventilation tube to one side connected with the drainage tube, and the inclination angle is 0-3 degrees.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 4, further comprising: a funnel-shaped water-gas separation device 76, wherein the water-gas separation device 76 is arranged between the ventilation pipe 75 and the drainage pipe 77;
the water-gas separation device 76 comprises a water-gas inlet 761, a gas outlet 762, a first water baffle 764, a second water baffle 765 and a water outlet 763;
the gas outlet 762 and the water gas inlet 761 are respectively arranged at two opposite sides of the funnel-shaped side wall, the water outlet 763 is arranged at the bottom,
the first water baffle 764 extends downwards from the top so that the gas outlet 762 is not directly opposite to the water gas inlet 761;
the second water baffle 765 is arranged on the funnel-shaped inclined wall and positioned at one side of the gas outlet 762;
the water-gas separation device 76 is connected to the ventilation pipe 75 through a gas inlet 761, and is connected to the drainage pipe 77 through a water outlet 762.
As shown in fig. 5, at least one layer of stagnation deck 71 is arranged in the water tank, and two ends of the stagnation deck are respectively connected with the side wall of the reactor tank 3 and the inner wall of the containment vessel 1; a plurality of groups of water holes 711 are formed in the stagnation deck 71;
the stagnation deck is arranged below the liquid level of the cooling liquid of the water tank, and two or three layers of stagnation decks are arranged.
The distance of the sloshing deck of the highest layer from the liquid level of the cooling liquid is not more than 50% of the total depth of the liquid level.
The rib plates at the top of the pressure inhibition cabin 7 form metal fins 72;
the water falling hole 74 is connected with a water falling pipe 79 and extends to below the liquid level of the cooling liquid in the water cabin;
the suppression pipe 52 extends from within the reactor compartment 5 to below the liquid level of the coolant in the water compartment. The bottom of the pressure restraining pipe is provided with a bubble dispersing device.
The embodiment of the invention also discloses a marine reactor, as shown in fig. 6, a containment vessel is divided into an upper part and a lower part by a reactor cabin bottom plate, the upper part comprises the suppression cabin 7 and the reactor cabin according to the technical scheme, and the lower part is an isolation empty cabin 6.
The reactor compartment includes a reactor pressure vessel 51 connected to the water compartment through a pipe provided with an isolation valve 56 and an injection pump 57, and the pipe end is provided with a suction port 55, the suction port 55 being located in the water compartment for injecting water into the core through the suction port 55. The tubing also connects to a boric acid container 58.
Normal operating conditions:
the design should avoid the cooling liquid 9 in the water tank from entering the air tank so as to prevent the accumulated water on the top plate 2 of the reactor tank from corroding rapidly and reduce the loss of the cooling liquid.
According to the invention, through the arrangement of the air holes 73, the air space is communicated with the water space through the water falling holes 74, when the water tank shakes, air extruded by the cooling liquid 9 in the water tank can enter the top air tank through the air holes 73/the air permeability pipes 75, and meanwhile, condensed water, accumulated water and the like in the air tank can flow back to the water tank through the water falling holes 74 and the water falling pipes 79; the ventilation holes 73 are generally arranged in the front/bow direction of the cabin, and the water falling holes 74 are generally arranged in the rear/stern direction of the cabin. A reinjection tube 78, a drainage tube 77;
meanwhile, in order to prevent the sloshing load generated by the sloshing of the water body in the water tank from affecting the ship structure and the ship stability, the invention reduces the liquid sloshing by arranging the sloshing deck 71, wherein the sloshing deck 71 consists of an open-pore deck provided with a plurality of groups of running water holes 711, and 1 layer or a plurality of layers of sloshing decks can be arranged, but the distance between the highest layer of sloshing deck and the designed liquid level is not more than 50% of the total depth of the liquid level;
the usual gas-permeable tube is of a heightened tubular shape, but in order to better restrict the entry of cooling water 9 into the gas chamber, a water-gas separation device 76 may be provided at the end of the gas-permeable tube 75.
As shown in fig. 4, the gas-permeable tube 75 and the water-gas inlet 761 enter the water-gas separation device 76, the liquid under the inertia effect is blocked by the first water baffle 764 to fall, and part of the liquid sloshing along the wall is blocked by the second water baffle 765 to fall into the water-falling opening 763 and flows into the water-guiding tube 77; as further shown in FIG. 1, the penstock 77 is typically a pipe inclined at an angle of 0-3 degrees so that liquid flows smoothly into the reinjection pipe 78. And the gas entering the water-gas separation device 76 enters the gas compartment through the gas outlet 762.
Accident conditions:
when a loop accident occurs in the reactor to generate a large amount of high-temperature and high-pressure steam, the high-temperature steam enters the pressure suppression pipe 52 through the 53 to be cooled for the first time; cutting large bubbles into small bubbles by using a bubble dispersing device 5,4, discharging the small bubbles into a cooling liquid 9, and performing secondary cooling; after the temperature of the cooling liquid 9 reaches a threshold value, the residual high-temperature gas enters the gas cabin of the suppression cabin 7 until the gas pressure of the suppression cabin 7 and the reactor cabin 5 form balance;
by introducing an external cold source (such as sea water, ship water, etc.) to water the top of the containment vessel 1 (i.e., the ship deck), the heat in the ballast tank 7 is rapidly transferred to the deck via the metal fins 72 formed by the top rib plate, and is cooled by the external cold source.
When all the safety injection water in the reactor tank is emptied, the isolation valve 56 is opened to ensure the reactor core is submerged, the safety injection pump 57 is started, the water in the suppression cabin 7 is injected into the reactor core through the suction port 55, and simultaneously the boric acid solution in the boric acid container 58 is injected into the pipeline to be injected into the reactor core together with the cooling water 9 in the suppression cabin 7.
The above description of the embodiments is only for aiding in the understanding of the method of the present invention and its core ideas. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations of the invention can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these modifications and adaptations are intended to be within the scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (10)

1. A suppression cabin for a marine reactor, the suppression cabin being an area defined by an inner containment wall, an outer reactor cabin wall, and a bottom reactor floor, comprising: is divided into an air cabin at the upper part and a water cabin at the lower part by a watertight deck,
the two ends of the watertight deck are respectively connected with the side wall of the reactor cabin and the inner wall of the containment; taking the reactor cabin as a symmetrical center, arranging ventilation holes on a watertight deck positioned on one side of the reactor cabin, and arranging water falling holes on the watertight deck positioned on the other side of the reactor cabin;
the air holes are sequentially connected with the air permeability pipe, the drainage pipe and the return pipe, and the tail end of the return pipe is inserted into cooling liquid below the watertight deck;
at least one layer of stagnation deck is arranged in the water tank, and two ends of the stagnation deck are respectively connected with the side wall of the reactor tank and the inner wall of the containment; a plurality of groups of water holes are formed in the stagnation deck;
the rib plates at the top of the pressure inhibition cabin form metal fins;
the water falling hole is connected with a water falling pipe and extends to below the liquid level of the cooling liquid in the water cabin;
the suppression tube extends from the reactor compartment to below the coolant level of the water compartment.
2. The suppression cabin for a marine reactor of claim 1, wherein the watertight deck is at a height from the bottom of the reactor equal to the height of the top of the reactor deck.
3. The suppression cabin for a marine reactor of claim 1, wherein the vent holes are provided on a watertight deck at the front of the reactor compartment and the water fall holes are provided on a watertight deck at the rear of the reactor compartment.
4. The suppression cabin of a marine reactor of claim 1, further comprising: the funnel-shaped water-gas separation device is arranged between the ventilation pipe and the drainage pipe;
the water-gas separation device comprises a water-gas inlet, a gas outlet, a first water baffle, a second water baffle and a water falling port;
the gas outlet and the water gas inlet are respectively arranged at two opposite sides of the funnel-shaped side wall, the water falling opening is arranged at the bottom,
the first water baffle extends downwards from the top, so that the gas outlet is not directly opposite to the water gas inlet;
the second water baffle is arranged on the funnel-shaped inclined wall and is positioned at one side of the gas outlet;
the water-gas separation device is connected with the ventilation pipe through a gas inlet and is connected with the drainage pipe through a water outlet.
5. The suppression cabin of a marine reactor according to claim 1, wherein the draft tube is inclined from a side to which the draft tube is connected to a side to which the draft tube is connected, the inclination angle being 0 to 3 degrees.
6. The suppression cabin of a marine reactor according to claim 1, wherein the water sump stores a cooling liquid, the cooling liquid being water, and the gas sump stores air or nitrogen.
7. The suppression cabin of a marine reactor of claim 6, wherein the heave deck is disposed below the coolant level of the water tank, with two or three heave decks.
8. The suppression cabin of a marine reactor of claim 7, wherein the heave deck of the highest level is no more than 50% of the total depth of the liquid level from the liquid level of the cooling liquid.
9. The suppression cabin of a marine reactor of claim 1, wherein the suppression tube bottom is provided with a bubble dispersing device.
10. A marine reactor, wherein the reactor deck floor divides the containment vessel into an upper portion comprising the suppression cabin of any one of claims 1 to 9 and a reactor deck, and a lower portion comprising an isolation void.
CN202210348260.2A 2022-04-01 2022-04-01 Pressure-restraining cabin of marine reactor and marine reactor Pending CN116936136A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202210348260.2A CN116936136A (en) 2022-04-01 2022-04-01 Pressure-restraining cabin of marine reactor and marine reactor

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202210348260.2A CN116936136A (en) 2022-04-01 2022-04-01 Pressure-restraining cabin of marine reactor and marine reactor

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN116936136A true CN116936136A (en) 2023-10-24

Family

ID=88391198

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202210348260.2A Pending CN116936136A (en) 2022-04-01 2022-04-01 Pressure-restraining cabin of marine reactor and marine reactor

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN116936136A (en)

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