CN116929724B - Device and method for measuring thermal focal length of laser medium - Google Patents
Device and method for measuring thermal focal length of laser medium Download PDFInfo
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- CN116929724B CN116929724B CN202311177899.XA CN202311177899A CN116929724B CN 116929724 B CN116929724 B CN 116929724B CN 202311177899 A CN202311177899 A CN 202311177899A CN 116929724 B CN116929724 B CN 116929724B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000028161 membrane depolarization Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M11/00—Testing of optical apparatus; Testing structures by optical methods not otherwise provided for
- G01M11/02—Testing optical properties
Abstract
The application provides a device and a method for measuring a thermal focal length of a laser medium, wherein the device comprises the following components in sequence: the device comprises a first laser cavity mirror, a phase delay device, a polarizing device, a laser medium, a coupling lens and a laser emitting device; the first laser cavity mirror, the phase delay device, the polarizing device, the laser medium and the coupling lens are all positioned in the emergent light direction of the laser emitting device; the measuring device further comprises a second laser cavity mirror, the first laser cavity mirror and the second laser cavity mirror are resonant cavity mirrors, the cavity of each resonant cavity mirror is a flat cavity, one side, close to the laser emitting device, of the coupling lens is used for transmitting emergent light of the laser emitting device, and one side, away from the laser emitting device, of the coupling lens is used for reflecting the resonant light. The application can improve the accuracy of measuring the thermal focal length of the laser medium.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of laser measurement, in particular to a device and a method for measuring a thermal focal length of a laser medium.
Background
At present, a laser medium is measured, reference light is generally adopted to pass through the measured laser medium, and the specific condition of a thermal focal length is analyzed by measuring the characteristic of the reference light, for example, the focal position, interference fringes and the like of the reference light can be tested; however, the characteristic of the reference light affects the characteristic of the reference light, the reference light must have good collimation characteristic, and the laser itself has excitation of pumping energy, but is not in a normal working state, after the laser medium is excited by the pumping energy, a thermal focal length is generated, at this time, the energy stored in the laser medium is not emitted by laser in the normal working state, but is dissipated in the form of fluorescence and heat, and this process has a certain influence on the measurement of the thermal focal length. The thermal focus of the test does not thus fully reflect the actual working situation, i.e. the accuracy is not high.
And in most cases, the measurement of the thermal focal length cannot be monitored according to real-time conditions, such as changes in pump energy, long-term and short-term changes, etc., which result in changes in the thermal focal length. In summary, a solution is lacking at present to improve the accuracy of measuring the thermal focal length of the laser medium.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the foregoing, it is necessary to provide a device and a method for measuring the thermal focal length of a laser medium, so as to improve the accuracy of measuring the thermal focal length of the laser medium.
In order to achieve the above object, the present application provides a thermal focus measuring apparatus of a laser medium, the measuring apparatus comprising, in order: the device comprises a first laser cavity mirror, a phase delay device, a polarizing device, a laser medium, a coupling lens and a laser emitting device; the first laser cavity mirror, the phase delay device, the polarizing device, the laser medium and the coupling lens are all positioned in the emergent light direction of the laser emitting device;
the measuring device further comprises a second laser cavity mirror, the first laser cavity mirror and the second laser cavity mirror are resonant cavity mirrors, the cavity of each resonant cavity mirror is a flat cavity, one side, close to the laser emitting device, of the coupling lens is used for transmitting emergent light of the laser emitting device, and one side, away from the laser emitting device, of the coupling lens is used for reflecting the resonant light.
Further, the measuring device further comprises a light spot testing device positioned in the reflected light direction of the polarizer.
Further, the light spot detection device is a photosensitive plate or a light beam quality analyzer.
Further, the phase extension device is a wave plate.
Further, the laser medium is one of solid, liquid and gas.
Further, the laser emitting device comprises a pump source and a shaping coupling device, which is located between the coupling mirror and the pump source.
Further, the pump source is an electrically stimulated laser.
Further, the electric excitation mode of the electric excitation type laser is one of direct current discharge, alternating current discharge, pulse discharge and electron beam injection.
Further, the pumping source is an optical pump type laser, a film layer for transmitting emergent light of the pumping source is arranged on one side, close to the pumping source, of the coupling lens, and a film layer for reflecting resonance light is arranged on one side, away from the pumping source, of the coupling lens.
The application also provides a method for measuring the thermal focal length of the laser medium, which is applied to the measuring device of any one of the above, and comprises the following steps:
setting laser cavity parameters for the first laser cavity mirror and the second laser cavity mirror based on preset pumping conditions, and setting an emergent light path corresponding to the laser emitting device;
and acquiring reflected light output by the polarizer to determine the position of the laser focus based on the reflected light.
The beneficial effects of the implementation mode are that: according to the application, the laser emission device is adjusted to normally output laser, the resonant laser is polarized through the polarizing device, the polarizing device and the phase delay device are matched for use, so that the resonant light path generates a depolarization effect, and due to the depolarization effect, part of the polarized laser is reflected when the laser passes through the polarizing device and is output outside the resonant cavity. The output polarized light has the same polarization state as the resonant laser and the same characteristics, so that the characteristics of the resonant laser can be calibrated by measuring the parameters of the output laser. The resonant cavity mirror adopted in the test is a flat cavity, so that the divergence characteristics of resonant laser are determined by the thermal focal length of the laser medium, the thermal focal length of the corresponding laser medium can be obtained through ZEMAX simulation calculation, and the divergence characteristics of resonant laser are determined by the thermal focal length of the laser medium, so that other influencing factors are avoided, and finally, the thermal focal length accuracy of the obtained laser medium is high.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following description will briefly explain the drawings needed in the description of the embodiments, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a thermal focal length measuring device for laser medium according to the present application;
fig. 2 is a flow chart of an embodiment of a method for measuring a thermal focal length of a laser medium according to the present application.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the application. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.
In the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.
The terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, apparatus, article, or device that comprises a list of steps or modules is not necessarily limited to those steps or modules that are expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or device.
The naming or numbering of the steps in the embodiments of the present application does not mean that the steps in the method flow must be executed according to the time/logic sequence indicated by the naming or numbering, and the named or numbered flow steps may change the execution order according to the technical purpose to be achieved, so long as the same or similar technical effects can be achieved.
Reference herein to "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the application. The appearances of such phrases in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. Those of skill in the art will explicitly and implicitly appreciate that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.
The application provides a device and a method for measuring a thermal focal length of a laser medium, which are respectively described below.
As shown in fig. 1, the present application provides a thermal focal length measuring device of a laser medium 130, the measuring device comprising, in order: a first laser cavity mirror 110, a phase delay device 190, a polarizing device 120, a laser medium 130, a coupling optic 140, and a laser emitting device 1010; the first laser cavity mirror 110, the phase delay device 190, the polarization device 120, the laser medium 130 and the coupling lens 140 are all located in the outgoing light direction of the laser emitting device 1010;
the measuring device further comprises a second laser cavity mirror 170, the first laser cavity mirror 110 and the second laser cavity mirror 170 are resonant cavity mirrors, the cavity of each resonant cavity mirror is a flat cavity, one side of the coupling lens 140, which is close to the laser emitting device 1010, is used for transmitting emergent light of the laser emitting device 1010, and one side of the coupling lens 140, which is away from the laser emitting device 1010, is used for reflecting the resonant light.
Further, the laser emitting device 1010 includes a pump source 160 and a shaping coupling device 150, the shaping coupling device 150 being located between the coupling mirror 140 and the pump source 160.
It can be understood that the basic principle of the thermal focal length measuring device of the laser medium 130 provided by the present application is: according to the specific condition of the laser emitting device 1010, a laser resonant cavity is built, a cavity type adopts a flat cavity structure, a cavity type can adopt a straight cavity or a folding cavity and the like according to a specific pumping mode, and the transmittance parameter of an output mirror can be set according to actual requirements.
The first laser cavity mirror 110 and the second laser cavity mirror 170 are both resonant cavity mirrors, laser photons continuously oscillate and amplify in the resonant cavity mirrors, the effect of the cavity mirrors on resonant laser is respectively total reflection and partial transmission, and the transmission end can output laser.
The pump source 160 is adjusted to normally output laser, the resonant laser is polarized by the polarizer 120, and the resonant light path generates depolarization effect by the polarizer 120 and the phase delay 190, and when the laser passes through the polarizer 120, part of the polarized laser is reflected and output outside the resonant cavity due to depolarization effect. The output polarized light has the same polarization state as the resonant laser and the same characteristics, so that the characteristics of the resonant laser can be calibrated by measuring the parameters of the output laser. Because the resonant cavity mirror adopted in the test is a flat cavity, the divergence characteristics of resonant laser are determined by the thermal focal length of the laser medium, and the thermal focal length of the corresponding laser medium can be obtained through ZEMAX simulation calculation.
The polarizer 120 is used to force polarized light to form in the resonant cavity, and simultaneously, the polarizer can transmit and reflect two beams of light with mutually perpendicular polarization states. The reflected output laser light can be used for laser focus measurement. Polarizing device 120 may be selected from the group consisting of a polarizer, a PBS (polarizing prism), and other optical devices that may be polarized.
The coupling mirror 140 has a total reflection effect on the resonant laser light and a transmission effect on the pump excitation light, facilitating the coupling of the pump source 160 excitation light into the laser medium 130. The high-reflectivity film is coated on the resonant laser wavelength and the high-transmissivity film is coated on the pumping laser wavelength in a surface coating mode. The device may be omitted if in the form of side pumping or electrical actuation.
The shaping coupler 150 and pump source 160 function to provide pump laser light and couple it into the lasing medium 130, and as such, this portion may be replaced with other types of devices depending on the type of pump and the manner of excitation.
In some embodiments, the measurement apparatus further comprises a spot testing device 180 located in the direction of the reflected light of the polarizing device 120. Further, the light spot detection device is a photosensitive plate or a light beam quality analyzer.
It will be appreciated that the spot detection device functions to detect the diameter of the spot and determine the location of the focal point. The distance of the focal point to the polarising device 120 is measured. The light spot detection equipment can be a photosensitive plate and is judged visually; the light spot detection device can also be a light beam quality analyzer for accurately testing the laser focus position; or the focal position is measured by a knife edge method.
The optical design software ZEMAX is used to input the above-described set parameters and measured parameters for reverse calculation, thereby determining the thermal focal length parameters of the laser medium 130.
In some embodiments, the phase-extending device is a wave plate.
It will be appreciated that the purpose of the phase delay device 190 is to adjust the polarization ratio of the resonant laser light within the laser cavity to facilitate detection and viewing. The phase delay device 190 can be a wave plate, and is convenient to adjust.
In some embodiments, the lasing medium 130 is one of solid, liquid, and gaseous.
It is understood that the laser medium 130 is an object to be tested, and the function of the laser medium 130 is to generate resonant laser light, so that the laser medium 130 can be tested conveniently. The lasing medium 130 may be in three forms, solid, liquid and gas, as well as different dimensional appearances.
In some embodiments, the pump source 160 is an optically pumped laser or an electrically stimulated laser.
If the pump source 160 is an optical pump type laser, a film layer for transmitting the outgoing light of the pump source 160 is disposed on a side of the coupling lens 140 close to the pump source 160, and a film layer for reflecting the resonance light is disposed on a side of the coupling lens 140 away from the pump source 160.
The electric excitation mode of the electric excitation type laser is one of direct current discharge, alternating current discharge, pulse discharge and electron beam injection.
In summary, in the thermal focal length measuring device of the laser medium 130 provided by the present application, the laser medium 130 includes solid, liquid, gas, etc., and the excitation mode of the laser may be electrical excitation, optical excitation, etc. The thermal focus parameter of the laser medium 130 is an important parameter for designing the laser, its value directly affects the form of the laser cavity and the choice of parameters for the cavity mirror, so accurate and real-time thermal focus value measurement is the primary preparation before design. The application is not limited to continuous or pulsed operation.
The application has the advantages that: compared with the prior testing method, the method provided by the application is more accurate and rapid, and can be used for monitoring in real time. The present application analyzes the specific condition of the thermal focal length by measuring the characteristic of the reference light by passing the reference light through the measured laser medium 130, such as the focal position, interference fringes, etc. of the reference light can be tested.
The application provides a thermal focal length measuring device of a laser medium 130, which comprises the following components in sequence: a first laser cavity mirror 110, a phase delay device 190, a polarizing device 120, a laser medium 130, a coupling optic 140, and a laser emitting device 1010; the first laser cavity mirror 110, the phase delay device 190, the polarization device 120, the laser medium 130 and the coupling lens 140 are all located in the outgoing light direction of the laser emitting device 1010; the measuring device further comprises a second laser cavity mirror 170, the first laser cavity mirror 110 and the second laser cavity mirror 170 are resonant cavity mirrors, the cavity of each resonant cavity mirror is a flat cavity, one side of the coupling lens 140, which is close to the laser emitting device 1010, is used for transmitting emergent light of the laser emitting device 1010, and one side of the coupling lens 140, which is away from the laser emitting device 1010, is used for reflecting the resonant light.
In the testing device provided by the application, the laser emitting device 1010 is adjusted to normally output laser, the resonant laser is polarized by the polarizer 120, the resonant light path generates depolarization effect by the polarizer 120 and the phase delay device 190, and part of polarized laser is reflected and output outside the resonant cavity when the laser passes through the polarizer 120 due to depolarization effect. The output polarized light has the same polarization state as the resonant laser and the same characteristics, so that the characteristics of the resonant laser can be calibrated by measuring the parameters of the output laser. Because the resonant cavity mirror adopted in the test is a flat cavity, the divergence characteristics of the resonant laser are all determined by the thermal focal length of the laser medium, the thermal focal length of the corresponding laser medium 130 (laser crystal) can be obtained through ZEMAX simulation calculation, and because the divergence characteristics of the resonant laser are all determined by the thermal focal length of the laser medium 130, no other influencing factors exist, and finally the thermal focal length accuracy of the obtained laser medium 130 is high.
As shown in fig. 2, the present application further provides a method for measuring a thermal focal length of a laser medium 130, where the method is applied to the measuring device described in any one of the foregoing, and the method includes:
step 210, setting laser cavity parameters for the first laser cavity mirror 110 and the second laser cavity mirror 170 based on preset pumping conditions, and setting an outgoing light path corresponding to the laser emitting device 1010;
step 220, obtaining reflected light output by the polarizer 120, so as to determine the position of the laser focus based on the reflected light.
It will be appreciated that the test procedure is illustrated with an end-pumped solid state laser as an example:
a) Setting a pumping light path and laser cavity parameters according to preset pumping conditions;
b) Setting a second laser cavity mirror 170, a first laser cavity mirror 110 and a coupling lens 140, wherein the coupling lens 140 is a 45-degree reflecting mirror, the distance between the first laser cavity mirror 110 and the coupling lens 140 is set to be 200mm, an internal focusing telescope is adopted to enable the cavity surfaces of the first laser cavity mirror 110 and the coupling lens 140 to be parallel, then a laser medium 130 is placed in a light path, and is close to the end of the second laser cavity mirror 170, the second laser cavity mirror 170 is used as an output mirror at the moment, and the cavity surface interval between the surface of the laser medium 130 (laser crystal) and the cavity surface of the second laser cavity mirror 170 is set to be 20mm;
c) Adjusting the shaping coupling device 150 and the pump source 160 to enable pump light to be incident into the crystal, and adjusting the laser cavity device to enable laser output energy to be normal;
d) The polarizer 120 and the phase retarder are inserted into the pumping light path, and the adjustment of the phase retarder can change the intensity of the test light output to the light spot detection device, so that the later test is facilitated;
e) Using a light-sensitive card to preliminarily set the approximate position of the focus of the test light, which in the example relates to the focus position being about 120750mm from the polarizing device, in order to accurately measure the focus position, a beam quality analyzer is used, by which a specific position of 810mm can be determined;
f) According to the above data, the obtained focal position is the focal length of the system of the laser medium 130 under the condition, the focal length needs to be further converted, the focal length needs to be input into ZEMAX software, the parameter of the laser medium 130 at the moment can be calculated through optimization, the radius of curvature of spherical wave of Gaussian beam of parallel light passing through the laser medium 130 at the moment is 1914mm according to a physical optical calculation module in the software, the curvature of the spherical mirror is-1914 mm if the parallel light is emitted through the spherical mirror, and the corresponding focal length is f= -1914/2= -957mm according to the focal length calculation formula f=R/2 of the spherical mirror, namely the precise thermal focal length value of the laser medium 130 is 957mm.
g) The pump parameters are changed, the position of the beam quality analyzer is correspondingly adjusted, calculation is carried out according to the read numerical information, the position information can be actually read through a control program for controlling the stepping motor, the position information is updated in real time according to the program, calculation is carried out, and finally the thermal focal length numerical value of the laser medium 130 is obtained.
The above describes the device and method for measuring the thermal focal length of the laser medium provided by the application in detail, and specific examples are applied to illustrate the principle and implementation of the application, and the above examples are only used for helping to understand the method and core idea of the application; meanwhile, as those skilled in the art will have variations in the specific embodiments and application scope in light of the ideas of the present application, the present description should not be construed as limiting the present application.
Claims (9)
1. A thermal focus measuring device for laser medium, characterized in that the measuring device comprises: the device comprises a first laser cavity mirror, a phase delay device, a polarizing device, a laser medium, a coupling lens and a laser emitting device; the first laser cavity mirror, the phase delay device, the polarizing device, the laser medium and the coupling lens are all positioned in the emergent light direction of the laser emitting device;
the measuring device further comprises a second laser cavity mirror, the first laser cavity mirror and the second laser cavity mirror are resonant cavity mirrors, the cavity of each resonant cavity mirror is a flat cavity, one side, close to the laser emitting device, of the coupling lens is used for transmitting emergent light of the laser emitting device, and one side, away from the laser emitting device, of the coupling lens is used for reflecting the resonant light;
the first laser cavity mirror and the second laser cavity mirror are respectively used for carrying out total reflection and partial transmission on incident light;
the polarization device is used for enabling the resonant laser to be in a polarization state, and the polarization device is matched with the phase delay device to be used, so that a depolarization effect is generated on a resonant light path, and when the laser passes through the polarization device, part of polarized laser in the laser is reflected;
the measuring device also comprises a light spot detection device positioned in the direction of the reflected light of the polarizer, wherein the light spot detection device is used for calculating the position of a laser focus and inputting the position of the laser focus into ZEMAX software to obtain the thermal focal length of the laser medium.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the spot detecting device is a photosensitive plate or a beam quality analyzer.
3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the phase delay device is a wave plate.
4. The device of claim 1, wherein the laser medium is one of solid, liquid and gaseous.
5. The device of claim 1, wherein the laser emitting device comprises a pump source and a shaping coupling device, the shaping coupling device being located between the coupling optic and the pump source.
6. The device of claim 5, wherein the pump source is an electrically stimulated laser.
7. The device according to claim 6, wherein the electrically excited laser is one of dc discharge, ac discharge, pulse discharge and electron beam injection.
8. The device according to claim 6, wherein the pump source is an optical pump type laser, a film layer for transmitting outgoing light of the pump source is disposed on a side of the coupling lens close to the pump source, and a film layer for reflecting resonance light is disposed on a side of the coupling lens away from the pump source.
9. A method for measuring the thermal focal length of a laser medium, wherein the measuring method is applied to the measuring device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, and comprises the steps of:
setting laser cavity parameters for the first laser cavity mirror and the second laser cavity mirror based on preset pumping conditions, and setting an emergent light path corresponding to the laser emitting device;
obtaining reflected light output by a polarizer, and determining the position of a laser focus based on the reflected light by using a light spot detection device;
and inputting the position of the laser focus into ZEMAX software by using the light spot detection equipment to obtain the thermal focal length of the laser medium.
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