CN116926431A - 一种高强高韧nm450耐磨钢板及其生产方法 - Google Patents

一种高强高韧nm450耐磨钢板及其生产方法 Download PDF

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CN116926431A
CN116926431A CN202310970034.2A CN202310970034A CN116926431A CN 116926431 A CN116926431 A CN 116926431A CN 202310970034 A CN202310970034 A CN 202310970034A CN 116926431 A CN116926431 A CN 116926431A
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rolling
continuous casting
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周光杰
刘晓玮
高擎
周文浩
钱亚军
史术华
王振
张青学
龙渊
杨小军
李玉路
孙小平
华浩
宋美微
杨龙龙
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Hunan Valin Xiangtan Iron and Steel Co Ltd
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Abstract

一种高强高韧NM450耐磨钢板及其生产方法，钢的化学成分重量百分比为C=0.18%～0.21%，Si=0.15%～0.40%，Mn=1.05%～1.25%，P≤0.012%，S≤0.003%，Cr=0.65%～0.80%，Ni=0.40%～0.45%，Nb=0.020%～0.030%，Ti=0.012%～0.030%，Al=0.050%～0.090%，B=0.0014%～0.0030%，H≤0.0002%，N≤0.0060%，O≤0.0015%，其余为Fe和不可避免的杂质；工艺步骤包括转炉冶炼、LF精炼、真空脱气、连铸、加热、轧制、热处理。生产的耐磨钢板表面硬度420～480HBW，屈服强度≥1200MPa，抗拉强度≥1400MPa，伸长率≥12%，满足3a半径90°冷弯，0℃冲击Akv≥60J，‑20℃冲击Akv≥50J，‑40℃冲击Akv≥35J。

Description

一种高强高韧NM450耐磨钢板及其生产方法
技术领域
本发明属于冶金技术领域，涉及一种高强高韧NM450耐磨钢板及其生产方法。
背景技术
NM450耐磨钢广泛应用于挖掘机、矿车车厢等工程机械，通过硬度的提高可有效提高耐磨性能，但过高的硬度会降低钢材的韧性。NM450耐磨钢的性能通常要求为硬度420~480HBW、抗拉强度≥1250MPa、屈服强度范围950~1100MPa，本发明针对矿用机械中存在的重载工况条件，开发了一种高强高韧的NM450耐磨钢，其高强度特性可抵抗重载及冲击变形，高韧特性可抵抗材料的冲击破坏，同时具有优良的焊接性能和成型性能。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种耐磨钢板及其生产方法，所生产的耐磨钢板厚度规格为6～25mm，同时满足高耐磨性和高冲击韧性的要求，硬度420～480HBW，屈服强度≥1200MPa，抗拉强度≥1400MPa，伸长率≥12%，满足3a半径90°冷弯，0℃冲击Akv≥60J，-20℃冲击Akv≥50J，-40℃冲击Akv≥35J。
本发明的技术方案：
一种耐磨钢板及其生产方法，钢的化学成分重量百分比为C=0.18～0.21%，Si=0.15～0.40%，Mn=1.05～1.25%，P≤0.012%，S≤0.003%，Cr=0.65～0.80%，Ni=0.40～0.45%，Nb=0.020%～0.030%，Ti=0.012～0.030%，Al=0.050～0.090%，B=0.0014～0.0030%，H≤0.0002%，N≤0.0060%，O≤0.0015%，其余为Fe和不可避免的杂质；关键工艺步骤包括：
（1）转炉冶炼：顶底复吹转炉，控制出钢温度1590~1620℃，转炉出钢P≤0.008%，出钢过程中加入脱氧剂、合金进行脱氧合金化，其中合金采用低P合金，避免钢水涨P；
（2）精炼：大包钢水在LF炉送电升温后进行化学成分精确调整，随后进入RH炉或VD炉抽进行真空处理，出站测量钢水气体H≤0.00015%，N≤0.0060%，O≤0.0015%；
（3）连铸：中包过热度8～25℃，连铸采用动态轻压下或重压下技术提高连铸坯内部质量，连铸坯厚度尺寸220～300mm、宽度尺寸1700～2500mm，连铸坯保温罩缓冷≥24h；
（4）加热：预热段温度650～850℃，加热段温度1100～1260℃，均热段温度1160～1250℃，在炉时间160～300min；
（5）轧制：采用两阶段控制轧制，粗轧轧制温度1150～980℃，粗轧累计压缩比≥2，中间坯厚度60～90mm，精轧开轧温度880～990℃，精轧累计压缩比≥3，精轧终轧温度800～900℃，轧后可采用水冷，终冷温度660～720℃；
（6）热处理：采用淬火+回火工艺，淬火加热温度850～900℃，加热速度1.4～2.2min/mm，保温时间10～30min，淬火冷却速率20～40℃/s；回火加热温度180～230℃，加热速度3.0～4.5min/mm，保温时间10～20min。
用上述方法得到的耐磨钢板，硬度420～480HBW，屈服强度≥1200MPa，抗拉强度≥1400MPa，伸长率≥12%，满足3a半径90°冷弯，0℃冲击Akv≥60J，-20℃冲击Akv≥50J，-40℃冲击Akv≥35J。
发明原理：本发明的耐磨钢具有高强高韧特性，同时具有良好的焊接性能和成形性能。通过控制C范围保证钢板的硬度范围命中目标要求，通过Si、Mn、Cr、Mo、Ni、B的添加提高钢板的淬透性保证钢板组织均匀一致，通过组织强化与合金强化的方式提高钢板的强度性能，通过Nb、Ti、Al的析出物及合适的轧制热处理工艺达到细化晶粒以达到提高冲击韧性的目的，同时对钢水的P、S、H、N、O的严格控制以保证钢板包括焊接、成型等综合性能优良。
本发明的有益效果：用本发明方法生产的耐磨钢具有高强高韧的特点,综合力学性能优良，其力学性能如下：硬度420～480HBW，屈服强度≥1200MPa，抗拉强度≥1400MPa，伸长率≥12%，满足3a半径90°冷弯，0℃冲击Akv≥60J，-20℃冲击Akv≥50J，-40℃冲击Akv≥35J。可以用于矿用重载挖掘机挖斗、矿用重载矿车车厢等耐磨件和结构件，具有优良的力学性能、焊接性能和成型性能，可满足矿用设备的重载工况，是极具前景的绿色钢铁产品。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例的金相组织照片。
具体实施方式
实施例1
冶炼1炉耐磨钢并生产规格分别为12mm、16mm、20mm的钢板，钢的化学组成重量百分比见表1；包括以下关键工艺步骤：
（1）转炉冶炼：采用顶底复吹转炉冶炼，出钢温度1556℃，转炉出钢终点P含量为0.006%，出钢过程进行合金化，加入铝铁、铝块等脱氧剂，加入低碳铬铁、硅锰合金、电解镍、中碳锰铁、中碳硼铁等低磷合金。
（2）精炼：LF炉升温并进行成分调整，成分调整完毕升温至1619℃出站，进RH炉抽真空处理，保真空时间12min，破空后软吹静置26min，取样检测H=0.00013%、N=0.0032%、O=0.0007%。
（3）连铸：钢水液相线约为1514℃，中包温度控制在1526~1538℃，连铸采用动态轻压下，连铸坯截面尺寸260×2070mm，连铸坯进入保温罩缓冷，缓冷时间26~30h。
（4）加热：加热制度为：预热段800℃，加热段1100～1260℃，均热段温度1160～1250℃，板坯出炉温度1210～1250℃，在炉时间200~250min。
（5）轧制：轧制12、16、20mm规格钢板，采用两阶段控轧，轧制工艺参数见表2。
（6）热处理：淬火加热温度870℃，回火温度210℃，详细热处理参数见表3。
实施例2
冶炼1炉耐磨钢并生产规格分别为8mm、10mm、12mm、20mm的钢板，钢的化学组成重量百分比见表1；包括以下关键工艺步骤：
（1）转炉冶炼：采用顶底复吹转炉冶炼，出钢温度1582℃，转炉出钢终点P含量为0.009%，出钢过程进行合金化，加入铝铁、铝块等脱氧剂，加入低碳铬铁、硅锰合金、电解镍、中碳锰铁、中碳硼铁等低磷合金。
（2）精炼：LF炉升温并进行成分调整，成分调整完毕升温至1644℃出站，进VD炉抽真空处理，保真空时间15min，破空后软吹静置25min，取样检测H=0.00016%、N=0.0036%、O=0.0008%。
（3）连铸：钢水液相线约为1514℃，中包温度控制在1526~1538℃，连铸采用动态轻压下，连铸坯截面尺寸260×2070mm，连铸坯进入保温罩缓冷，缓冷时间26~32h。
（4）加热：加热制度为：预热段850℃，加热段1100～1260℃，均热段1180～1240℃，板坯出炉温度1200～1220℃，在炉时间190~230min。
（5）轧制：轧制8、10、12、20mm规格钢板，采用两阶段控轧，轧制工艺参数见表2。
（6）热处理：淬火加热温度900℃，回火温度230℃，详细热处理参数见表3。
所得钢板力学性能检测结果见表4。
表1 实施例化学成分质量百分比（wt.%）
。
表2 实施例轧制工艺参数
。
表3 实施例热处理工艺参数
。
表4 实施例力学性能检测结果
。
注：8mm冲击为减薄试样，尺寸5mm×10mm；10mm冲击为减薄试样，尺寸7.5mm×10mm；≥12mm冲击为标准试样，尺寸10mm×10mm。

Claims (1)

1.一种高强高韧NM450耐磨钢板的生产方法，其特征在于：钢的化学成分重量百分比为C=0.18%～0.21%，Si=0.15%～0.40%，Mn=1.05%～1.25%，P≤0.012%，S≤0.003%，Cr=0.65%～0.80%，Ni=0.40%～0.45%，Nb=0.020%～0.030%，Ti=0.012%～0.030%，Al=0.050%～0.090%，B=0.0014%～0.0030%，H≤0.0002%，N≤0.0060%，O≤0.0015%，其余为Fe和不可避免的杂质；关键工艺步骤包括：
（1）转炉冶炼：顶底复吹转炉，控制出钢温度1590～1620℃，转炉出钢P≤0.008%，出钢过程中加入脱氧剂、合金进行脱氧合金化，其中合金采用低P合金，避免钢水涨P；
（2）精炼：大包钢水在LF炉送电升温后进行化学成分精确调整，随后进入RH炉或VD炉抽进行真空处理，出站测量钢水气体H≤0.00015%，N≤0.0060%，O≤0.0015%；
（3）连铸：中包过热度8～25℃，连铸采用动态轻压下或重压下技术提高连铸坯内部质量，连铸坯厚度尺寸220～300mm、宽度尺寸1700～2500mm，连铸坯保温罩缓冷≥24h；
（4）加热：预热段温度650～850℃，加热段温度1100～1260℃，均热段温度1150～1240℃，在炉时间160～300min；
（5）轧制：采用两阶段控制轧制，粗轧轧制温度1150～980℃，粗轧累计压缩比≥2，中间坯厚度60～90mm，精轧开轧温度880～990℃，精轧累计压缩比≥3，精轧终轧温度760～840℃，轧后采用水冷，终冷温度660～720℃；
（6）热处理：采用淬火+回火工艺，淬火加热温度850～900℃，加热速度1.4～2.2min/mm，保温时间10～30min，淬火冷却速率20～40℃/s；回火加热温度180～230℃，加热速度3.0～4.5min/mm，保温时间10～20min，得到耐磨钢板表面硬度420～480HBW，屈服强度≥1200MPa，抗拉强度≥1400MPa，伸长率≥12%，满足3a半径90°冷弯，0℃冲击Akv≥60J，-20℃冲击Akv≥50J，-40℃冲击Akv≥35J。
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