CN116917525A - 具有改善的锌粘附性的锌或锌合金涂布的带或钢 - Google Patents

具有改善的锌粘附性的锌或锌合金涂布的带或钢 Download PDF

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CN116917525A
CN116917525A CN202180093348.8A CN202180093348A CN116917525A CN 116917525 A CN116917525 A CN 116917525A CN 202180093348 A CN202180093348 A CN 202180093348A CN 116917525 A CN116917525 A CN 116917525A
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strip
zinc
steel
cold rolled
composition
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M·施瓦岑布伦纳
T·莫尔鲍尔
K·施坦德
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Voestalpine Stahl GmbH
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Voestalpine Stahl GmbH
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Priority claimed from PCT/EP2021/087603 external-priority patent/WO2022136686A1/en
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Abstract

锌或锌合金涂布的经轧制的钢带或板,其包含:0.08‑0.28C、1.4‑4.5Mn、0.01‑0.5Cr、0.01‑2.5Si、0.01‑2.0Al。所述钢具有:950‑1550MPa的拉伸强度、350‑1400MPa的屈服强度、屈服比≥0.35和Ri/t≤4。微观结构包含:≥40回火的马氏体+贝氏体、≤30新鲜马氏体、2‑20残余奥氏体和≤35多边形铁素体。它具有脱碳区,其中在20μm深度处的C含量不大于所述钢带中部的C含量的75%和/或在20μm深度处的显微硬度不高于所述钢带中部的显微硬度的75%。根据SEP 1931,锌或锌合金涂层的粘附性为1或2。

Description

具有改善的锌粘附性的锌或锌合金涂布的带或钢
技术领域
本发明涉及涂布有锌或锌合金的经冷轧的钢带或板(冷轧钢带或板),以及生产经锌或锌合金涂布的钢带或板的方法。所述钢带或板适合用于汽车(机动车,automobile)中的应用。
背景技术
对于各种各样的应用,增加的强度水平是轻质构造体的先决条件,特别是在汽车工业中,因为车身质量降低导致降低的燃料消耗。
汽车车身零件经常由钢板(sheet steel)冲压而成,从而形成复杂的薄板结构构件。然而,这种零件不能由常规的高强度钢生产,因为该复杂的结构零件的可成形性过低。由于该原因,多相相变诱导塑性辅助钢(TRIP钢)在过去几年中获得了相当大的关注,特别是对于用于汽车车身结构零件中和作为座椅框架材料。
TRIP钢具有多相微观结构,其包括能够产生TRIP效应的亚稳定的残余奥氏体相。当所述钢变形时,所述奥氏体转变成马氏体,这导致显著的加工硬化。这种硬化效应起到抵抗材料中的颈缩的作用并延缓板成形操作中的失效。TRIP钢的微观结构可极大地改变其机械性质。
TRIP辅助钢长期以来是已知的并且吸引了许多关注。由亚稳定的残余奥氏体岛向马氏体的应变诱导相变确保的TRIP效应显著改善了其整体延展性。根据钢的基体,它可允许另外优异的拉伸翻边性(stretch flangability)或高的均匀伸长率。
对汽车零件进行镀锌、镀锌退火(galvannealed)以改善耐腐蚀性。然而,例如Si、Mn的高的合金化含量可降低Zn粘附性。
需要具有优异的表面品质、特别是提供改善的Zn粘附性的表面的>950MPa的钢板或带。进一步期望的性质是改善的弯曲性和降低的对液体(液态)金属脆化的敏感性。
发明内容
本发明涉及生产具有至少950MPa的拉伸强度和优异的可成形性的锌或锌合金涂布的钢带或板冷轧钢,其中将可在连续退火线(CAL)中和在热浸镀锌线(HDGL)中以工业规模生产所述钢板/带。
本发明旨在提供具有可加工成复杂的高强度结构构件的组成和微观结构的锌或锌合金涂布的钢带或板,以及用于它的生产方法,其中Zn粘附性是重要的。对合金元素和工艺参数(特别是涉及均热期间的气氛)的仔细选择在钢的表面处引入了软脱碳区。该脱碳区改善了Zn粘附性、弯曲性,并降低了液体金属脆化的风险。
锌或锌合金涂布的经冷轧的钢带或板,
a)具有(以重量%计)包含如下的组成:
除杂质以外的余量Fe;
b)满足如下条件:
c)具有(以体积%计)包含如下的多相微观结构
回火的马氏体+
d)具有脱碳区,其中在20μm深度处的碳含量不大于所述钢带中部的碳含量的75%和/或其中在20μm深度处的显微硬度不高于所述钢带中部的显微硬度的75%;
e)具有锌或锌合金涂层,其中当根据SEP 1931通过落球冲击测试测定时,所述锌或锌合金涂层的粘附性为1或2。
生产锌或锌合金涂布的钢带或板的方法包括如下步骤:
i.提供具有(以重量%计)由如下构成的标称组成的经冷轧的钢板或带:
除杂质以外的余量Fe;
ii将所述板或带在还原性气氛中加热至在650-900℃范围内的温度,任选地在位于650和900℃之间的温度范围内将气氛改变成氧化性气氛;
iii.将所述板或带在含有<5体积%氢气的氮气气氛中在780-1000℃范围内的温度下均热40秒至180秒的持续时间;
iv.在均热步骤iii)期间注入蒸汽以使CO>1体积%;
v.在涂布之前以10-400℃/秒范围内的速率将所述带或板冷却至200和500℃之间的温度,随后等温保持50-10000秒;
vi.用锌或锌合金涂层涂布所述带或板;和
vii.任选地进行镀锌退火以将所述涂层合金化到所述钢带中。
附图说明
图1显示了在均热期间经受蒸汽注入的样品的金相照片。
图2显示了在均热期间没有蒸汽注入的样品的金相照片。
图3显示了根据本发明的一个实施例的从表面到中心的C含量的图。
图4显示了根据本发明的一个实施例的从表面到中心的显微硬度的图。
具体实施方式
在声明中描述本发明。
组成
钢板或带具有(以重量%计)由如下合金元素构成的组成:
除杂质以外的余量Fe。
下文中简要解释了所声明的合金的单独的元素的重要性及其与彼此的相互作用以及化学成分的限制。用于钢的化学组成的所有百分比贯穿描述以重量%(wt.%)给出。各个元素的上限和下限可在权利要求中阐述的限度内自由组合。对于本申请中给出的所有值,数值的算术精度可增加一位或两位。因此,作为例如0.1%给出的值也可表示为0.10或0.100%。微观结构成分的量以体积%(vol.%)给出。
C:0.08-0.28%
C使奥氏体稳定,并且对于在残余奥氏体相内获得足够的碳是重要的。C对于获得期望的强度水平也是重要的。一般地,可预期拉伸强度以100MPa/0.1% C的数量级增加。当C低于0.08%时,难以获得950MPa的拉伸强度。如果C超过0.28%,则焊接性受损。因此,上限可为0.26、0.24、0.22、0.20或0.18%。下限可为0.10、0.12、0.14或0.16%。
Mn:1.4-4.5%
锰是固溶强化元素,其通过降低Ms温度来稳定奥氏体,并防止在冷却期间形成铁素体和珠光体。此外,Mn降低Ac3温度并且对于奥氏体稳定性是重要的。在小于1.5%的含量下,可能难以获得期望的量的残余奥氏体、950MPa的拉伸强度,并且奥氏体化温度对于常规工业退火线可能过高。此外,在较低的含量下,可能难以避免形成多边形铁素体。然而,如果Mn的量高于4.5%,则可能发生偏析问题,因为Mn在液相中累积并造成带状化(banding),导致潜在地劣化的可加工性。因此,上限可为4.2、4.0、3.8、3.6、3.4、3.2、3.0、2.8、2.6或2.4%。下限可为1.4、1.5、1.7、1.9、2.1、2.3或2.5%。
Cr:0.01-0.5%
Cr在提高钢板的强度上是有效的。Cr为形成铁素体并延迟珠光体和贝氏体形成的元素。Ac3温度和Ms温度随着Cr含量增加仅略微降低。Cr导致稳定化的残余奥氏体的量增加。当高于0.5%时,其可能损害钢的表面光洁度,并且因此Cr的量限制为0.5%。上限可为0.45或0.40、0.35、0.30或0.25%。下限可为0.01、0.03、0.05、0.07、0.10、0.15、0.20或0.25%。优选地,根据本发明不进行故意添加Cr。
Si:0.01-2.5%
Si充当固溶强化元素,并且对于确保薄钢带的强度是重要的。Si抑制渗碳体析出,并且对于奥氏体稳定化是必需的。然而,如果含量过高,则在带表面上将形成过多的硅氧化物,这可能导致CAL中的辊上的覆盖层,并且因此导致随后生产的钢板上的表面缺陷。因此,上限为2.5%,并且可限制为2.4、2.2、2.0、1.8或1.6%。下限可为0.01、0.05、0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.60、0.80或1.0%。
Al:0.01-2.0%
Al促进铁素体形成,并且还通常用作脱氧剂。与Si一样,Al不溶于渗碳体中,因此它在贝氏体形成期间显著延迟渗碳体形成。此外,可改善镀锌和降低的对液体金属脆化的敏感性。Al的添加导致残余奥氏体中的碳含量显著增加。
上部水平可为2.0、1.8、1.7、1.6、1.5、1.4、1.3、1.2、1.1%。下限可设定为0.01、0.02、0.03、0.04、0.05、0.06、0.07、0.08、0.09或0.1%。
对于一些应用,将Al限制为0.01-0.6%也可能是合适的。这里,上限可设定为0.5、0.4、0.3、0.2或0.1%,并且下限可设定为0.01、0.02、0.03、0.04、0.05、0.06、0.07、0.08、0.09或0.1%。如果Al仅用于脱氧,则上部水平可为0.09、0.08、0.07或0.06%。为确保一定的效果,下部水平可设定为0.03或0.04%。
对于其它应用,将Al限制为0.5-2.0%可能是合适的。这里,上限可进一步设定为2.0、1.8、1.7、1.6、1.5、1.4、1.3、1.2或1.1%,并且下限可设定为0.5、0.6、0.7、0.8或0.9%。
Si+Al≥0.1%-2%
Si和Al抑制贝氏体形成期间的渗碳体析出。因此,它们的合并含量优选为至少0.1%。下限可设定为0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4或0.5%。上限可设定为2%。
Si+Al+Cr≥0.4%-2.5%
一定量的这些元素有益于奥氏体的形成。因此,它们的合并含量应当为至少≥0.4%。下限可为0.5、0.6或0.7%。上限可设定为2.5%。
Mn+Cr 1.7-5.0%
锰和铬影响钢的淬透性(可硬化性,hardenability)。因此,它们的合并含量应当在1.7-5.0%的范围内。
任选的元素
Mo≤0.5%
钼为强的淬透性试剂。其可通过降低碳化物粗化动力学来进一步增强NbC析出物的益处。因此,钢可含有最高达0.5%的量的Mo。上限可限制为0.4、0.3、0.2或0.1%。根据本发明,故意添加Mo不是必需的。因此,上限可限制为≤0.01%。
Nb:≤0.1%
Nb由于其对晶粒尺寸的影响而通常用于低合金钢中以改善强度和韧性。Nb通过由于NbC的析出而细化基体微观结构和残余的奥氏体相来增加强度伸长率平衡。钢可含有≤0.1%的量的Nb。上限可限制为0.09、0.07、0.05、0.03或0.01%。根据本发明,故意添加Nb不是必需的。因此,上限可限制为≤0.004%。
V:≤0.1%
V的功能类似于Nb的功能,因为它有助于析出硬化和晶粒细化。钢可含有≤0.1%的量的V。上限可限制为0.09、0.07、0.05、0.03或0.01%。根据本发明,故意添加V不是必需的。因此,上限可限制为≤0.01%。
Ti:≤0.1%
Ti由于其通过形成碳化物、氮化物或碳氮化物对晶粒尺寸的影响而通常用于低合金钢中以改善强度和韧性。具体地,Ti为强的氮化物形成剂,并且可用于结合钢中的氮。然而,效果在0.1%以上时趋于饱和。上限可限制为0.09、0.07、0.05、0.03或0.01%。根据本发明,故意添加Ti不是必需的。因此,上限可限制为≤0.005%。
Ca≤0.05%
Ca可用于非金属夹杂物(inclusion)的改性。上限为0.05%,并且可设定为0.04、0.03、0.01%。根据本发明,故意添加Ca不是必需的。因此,上限可限制为≤0.005%。
杂质
Cu:≤0.06%
Cu为不期望的杂质元素,通过仔细选择所使用的废料将其限制为≤0.06%。
Ni:≤0.08%
Ni也为不期望的杂质元素,通过仔细选择所使用的废料将其限制为≤0.08%。
B:≤0.0006%
B为不期望的杂质元素,通过仔细选择所使用的废料将B限制为≤0.0006%。B增加硬度,但可能以降低的弯曲性为代价,并且因此在本发明建议的钢中不是期望的。B可能进一步使废料再循环更加困难,并且B的添加还可能劣化可加工性。因此,根据本发明,故意添加B不是期望的。
其它杂质元素可以正常出现的量包含在钢中。然而,优选将P、S、As、Zr、Sn的量限制为如下任选的最大含量:
P:≤0.02%
S:≤0.005%
As≤0.010%
Zr≤0.006%
Sn≤0.015%
还优选控制氮含量至如下范围:
N:≤0.015%,优选0.003-0.008%
在该范围内,可实现氮的稳定固定。
氧和氢可进一步限制为
O:≤0.0003
H:≤0.0020
微观结构
微观结构成分在下文中以体积%(vol.%)表示。
本发明的经冷轧的钢板具有包含至少40%回火的马氏体(TM)和贝氏体(B)的微观结构。并且进一步地,至多30%新鲜马氏体(FM)和至多35%多边形铁素体(PF)。
残余奥氏体是获得期望的TRIP效应的先决条件。因此,残余奥氏体的量应当在2-20%、优选5-15%的范围内。残余奥氏体的量借助于在Proc.Int.Conf.on TRIP-aidedhigh strength ferrous alloys(2002),Ghent,Belgium,第61-64页中详细描述的饱和磁化法测量。
根据Al含量,可进一步限制回火的马氏体(TM)和贝氏体(B)、新鲜马氏体(FM)和多边形铁素体(PF),如下文描述的。
可进一步限制具有在0.01-0.6范围内的Al的钢的微观结构。
该微观结构包含至少50%回火的马氏体(TM)和贝氏体(B)。下限可限制为至少60%、70%、75%或80%。
并且进一步地,至多10%新鲜马氏体(FM)。上限可限制为8%或5%。少量的新鲜马氏体可改善边缘翻边性和局部延展性。下限可限制为1%或2%。这些未回火的马氏体颗粒经常与残余奥氏体颗粒紧密接触,并且因此它们经常被称为马氏体-奥氏体(MA)颗粒。
多边形铁素体(PF)将进一步限制为≤20%、优选≤10%、≤5%、≤3%或≤1%。最优选地,低Al钢不含PF。
如上所述的残余奥氏体。
可进一步限制具有在0.5-2.0范围内的Al的钢的微观结构。
该微观结构包含至少40%回火的马氏体(TM)和贝氏体(B)。
并且进一步地,10-30%新鲜马氏体(FM)。上限可限制为28、26、24或22%。下限可限制为12、14、16或18%。
并且进一步地,10-35%多边形铁素体(PF)。上限可为30或25%。下限可为15或20%。
如上所述的残余奥氏体。
机械性质
所声明的钢的机械性质是重要的,并且应当满足如下要求:
Rm、Rp0.2值根据欧洲标准EN 10002第1部分得到,其中在带的纵向方向上取样。
弯曲性通过极限弯曲半径(Ri)(其定义为在没有出现裂纹的情况下的最小弯曲半径)与板厚度(t)的比来评估。为此,根据JIS Z2248,使用90°V-形块来使钢板弯曲。通过将极限弯曲半径除以厚度而获得的值(Ri/t)应当小于4、优选小于3。与没有蒸汽注入情况下的相同级别相比,在均热期间使用蒸汽注入将CO升高到10000ppm以上可将弯曲性改善10-30%。
弯曲性可为≤4、≤3.5、≤3、≤2.5或≤2。下限可为1、1.5或2。
屈服比YR通过将屈服强度YS除以拉伸强度TS来定义。
根据Al含量,可进一步限制机械性质。
具有在0.01-0.6范围内的Al的钢的机械性质可进一步限制为:
具有在0.01-0.6范围内的Al的钢的YR的下限可进一步设定为0.70、0.75、0.76、0.77或0.78。
具有在0.5-2.0范围内的Al的钢的机械性质可进一步限制为:
脱碳区和显微硬度
所述钢具有脱碳区,其中在20μm深度处的碳含量不大于所述钢带中部的碳含量的75重量%。在20μm深度处的碳含量可进一步设定为不大于所述钢带中部的碳含量的50%、40%或30%。
在20μm深度处的显微硬度不高于所述钢带中部的显微硬度的75%。在20μm深度处的显微硬度可进一步设定为不高于所述钢带中部的显微硬度的70%、60%或50%。
脱碳区改善了钢的锌粘附性、弯曲性,并降低了液体金属脆化风险。
锌涂层
钢板或带包括锌或锌合金涂层。涂层可经由热浸镀锌(GI)、镀锌退火(GA)或通过电解镀锌(EG)施加。
锌合金涂层以重量%计可包含:
如下中的至少一种:
Mg 0.1-10
Al 0.1-10
Sn 1-10
余量Zn和杂质。
经镀锌退火的涂层可含有5-20重量%的经扩散的Fe。
锌粘附性
脱碳区改善了钢的锌粘附性。因此,当根据SEP 1931:Prüfung der Haftung vonZinküberzügen auf feuerverzinktem Feinblech,Kugelschlagprüfung,1991通过落球冲击测试测定时,钢具有1或2的Zn粘附性。
经冷轧的带的生产
所述钢可在具有以上建议组成的情况下通过经由转炉熔炼(converter melting)和二次冶金制造常规冶金的钢板坯来生产。将板坯在奥氏体范围内热轧成经热轧的带。优选地,通过将板坯再加热至1000℃和1280℃之间的温度,将所述板坯完全在奥氏体范围内轧制以获得经热轧的钢带,其中热轧终轧温度大于或等于850℃。其后,将所述经热轧的带在500 -700℃范围内的卷取温度下卷取。任选地使所述经卷取的带经受除垢过程,例如酸洗。其后将经卷取的带在500-650℃、优选550-650℃范围内的温度下分批退火,持续时间5-30小时。其后以35和90%之间的压下量、优选约40-60%的压下量冷轧经分批退火的钢带。
经冷轧的带的退火和涂布
经冷轧的带可例如在连续退火线(CAL)和随后的连续电镀线(CEL)中或在热浸镀锌线(HDGL)中处理。
退火和涂布包括如下步骤:
i)
提供具有如在组成部分或示例性组成和机械性质部分中描述的标称组成的经冷轧的钢板或带。
ii)
将所述板或带在还原性气氛中加热至在650-900℃范围内的温度,任选地在位于650和900℃之间的温度范围内将气氛改变成氧化性气氛。加热可例如在加热炉例如直接加热炉(DFF)或无氧化加热炉(Non-oxidizing furnace)(NOF)中进行。
iii)
将所述板或带在含有<5体积%氢气的氮气气氛中在780-1000℃范围内的温度下均热40秒至180秒的持续时间。均热炉可为例如辐射管炉。
均热温度优选在830-890℃的范围内。
均热温度优选在通过如下定义的Ac3以上:Ac3=910-203*C1/2-15.2Ni-30Mn+44.7Si+104V+31.5Mo+13.1W。均热温度可为至少Ac3+20℃或至少Ac3+30℃。
氢气的上限可为5.0、4.5、4.0、3.5、3.0、2.5、2.0、1.7或1.5%。氢气的下限可为0.1、0.5、1.0、1.2或1.3%。
iv)
在均热步骤iii)期间注入蒸汽以使CO>1体积%并产生脱碳区。CO含量可例如通过测量来自均热炉的废气中的CO水平来控制。
CO的上限可为2%或1.5%。
v)
在涂布之前以10-400℃/秒范围内的速率将带或板冷却至200和500℃之间的温度,随后等温保持50-10000秒。带的冷却可例如通过如下进行:慢速喷射冷却,随后快速喷射冷却。
冷却的最终温度以及保持温度可在MS以上或以下。MS可通过下式定义:MS=692-502*(C+0.68N)0.5-37*Mn-14*Si+20*Al-11*Cr。
等温保持的下限时间可设定为50或100秒。上限时间可为10000、5000、1000或500秒。等温保持的下限温度可为200、250、300或330℃。上限温度可为500、450或400℃。
vi)
用锌或锌合金涂层涂布所述带或板。所述涂层可例如通过热浸镀锌(GI)、镀锌退火(GA)或电解镀锌(EG)来施加。
vii)
任选地进行镀锌退火(GA)以将涂层合金化到所述钢带中。如果涂层使用热浸镀锌施加,则可对所述带或板进行退火以将所述涂层合金化到所述钢带或板中。
镀锌退火可在450-600℃范围内的温度下进行。
示例性组成和机械性质
实例1-5的微观结构和机械性质可根据如上所述的对具有在0.01-0.6范围内的Al的钢的限制公开内容来限制,而实例6和7的微观结构和机械性质可根据如上所述的对具有在0.5-2.0范围内的Al的钢的限制公开内容来限制。
锌粘附性和脱碳区如上所述。
根据第一实例,钢:
a)具有(以重量%计)包含如下的组成:
除杂质以外的余量Fe;
b)满足如下条件中的至少一个:
根据第二实例,钢:
a)具有(以重量%计)包含如下的组成:
除杂质以外的余量Fe;和
b)满足如下条件中的至少一个:
根据第三实例,钢:
a)具有(以重量%计)包含如下的组成:
除杂质以外的余量Fe;和
b)满足如下条件中的至少一个:
根据第四实例,钢:
a)具有(以重量%计)包含如下的组成:
除杂质以外的余量Fe;和
b)满足如下条件中的至少一个:
根据第五实例,钢:
a)具有(以重量%计)包含如下的组成:
除杂质以外的余量Fe;和
b)满足如下条件中的至少一个:
根据第六实例,钢:
a)具有(以重量%计)包含如下的组成:
除杂质以外的余量Fe;和
b)满足如下条件中的至少一个:
根据第七实例,钢:
a)具有(以重量%计)包含如下的组成:
除杂质以外的余量Fe;和
b)满足如下条件中的至少一个:
实施例
五种钢A-E通过经由转炉熔炼和二次冶金的常规冶金生产。组成显示在表1中,进一步的元素仅作为杂质存在,并且在本说明书中指定的最低水平以下。组成显示在表1中。
表1
C N Mn Cr Si Al
A 0.108 0.0035 2.66 0.185 0.85 0.044
B 0.221 0.005 1.47 0.378 0.13 0.042
C 0.196 0.0035 2.49 0.027 1.47 0.052
D 0.153 0.0059 2.31 0.238 0.42 0.051
E 0.168 0.0031 2.31 0.228 0.44 0.958
所述钢是连续地铸造并切割成板坯的。将板坯再加热并在奥氏体范围内热轧至约2.8mm的厚度。热轧终轧温度为约900℃。其后将经热轧的钢带在630℃的卷取温度下卷取。将经卷取的经热轧的带酸洗并在约624℃下分批退火10小时以降低经热轧的带的拉伸强度,从而降低冷轧力。其后将所述带在五机架冷轧机中冷轧至约1.4mm的最终厚度。
将经冷轧的钢带输送到热浸镀锌线。将所述带在无氧化加热炉中在还原性气氛中加热至800℃的温度。其后将所述带输送到均热炉,并在根据表2的温度和条件下均热。将每种钢A、……、E对于本发明而言在蒸汽注入的情况下进行处理,并且作为参照在没有蒸汽注入的情况下进行处理。由A1、……、E1表示本发明的钢,并且由A2、……、E2表示参照钢。基础气氛为N2+1.9体积%H2。CO含量是通过测量废气来确定的。对于在没有蒸汽注入的情况下均热的钢A2、……、E2,CO含量在2000ppm以下。对于经蒸汽注入的钢A1、……、E2,调节注入的蒸汽的量,使得CO含量达到在10000ppm以上。
在均热后,将所述钢通过慢速喷射冷却(SJC)、随后快速喷射冷却(RJC)进行冷却,SJC和RJC的最终温度显示在表2中。将所述带等温保持在快速喷射冷却的最终温度下约180秒,其后进行热浸镀锌以施加锌涂层。工艺参数显示在表2中。
表2
根据SEP 1931:Prüfung der Haftung von Zinküberzügen auffeuerverzinktem Feinblech,Kugelschlagprüfung,1991通过落球冲击测试测定锌粘附性。
对钢C1(>10000ppm CO)的脱碳区进行检查,并与C2(<2000ppm CO)进行比较。这可在显示了C1的脱碳区的图1和显示了C2中缺少脱碳区的图2中看到。图3显示了与C2相比,C1的从表面到中心的C含量的图。并且图4显示了与C2相比,C1的从表面到中心的显微硬度图。
机械性质显示在表3中。可看出,与在<2000ppm CO下均热的A2、……、E2的锌粘附性和弯曲性质相比,在>10000ppm CO下均热的钢A1、……、E1的锌粘附性和弯曲性质有很大改善。
表3
屈服强度YS和拉伸强度TS根据欧洲标准EN 10002第1部分得到。在带的纵向方向上取样。总伸长率(A50)根据日本工业标准JIS Z 2241:2011得到,其中在带的横向方向上取样。
使所生产的带的样品经受根据JIS Z2248的V弯曲测试以找出极限弯曲半径(Ri)。通过肉眼和在25倍放大倍率的光学显微镜下检查样品以考察裂纹的发生。Ri为其中材料在三次弯曲测试后显示没有裂纹的最大半径。通过将极限弯曲半径(Ri)除以经冷轧的带的厚度(t)来确定Ri/t。
Ac3通过下式确定:
Ac3=910-203*C1/2-15.2Ni-30Mn+44.7Si+104V+31.5Mo+13.1W。
测定A1、B1、D1和E1的微观结构,并显示在表4中。
表4

Claims (15)

1.锌或锌合金涂布的经冷轧的钢带或板,
a)具有(以重量%计)包含如下的组成:
除杂质以外的余量Fe;
b)满足如下条件:
c)具有(以体积%计)包含如下的多相微观结构
回火的马氏体+
d)具有脱碳区,其中在20μm深度处的碳含量不大于所述钢带或板中部的碳含量的75%和/或其中在20μm深度处的显微硬度不高于所述钢带或板中部的显微硬度的75%;
e)具有锌或锌合金涂层,其中当根据SEP 1931通过落球冲击测试测定时,所述锌或锌合金涂层的粘附性为1或2。
2.根据权利要求1所述的经冷轧的钢带或板,其中所述钢带具有脱碳区,其中在20μm深度处的碳含量不大于所述钢带中部的碳含量的50%和/或其中在20μm深度处的显微硬度不高于所述钢带中部的显微硬度的60%。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的冷轧带或板,
a)具有(以重量%计)包含如下的组成:
除杂质以外的余量Fe;
b)满足如下条件中的至少一个:
c)具有(以体积%计)包含如下的多相微观结构
4.根据权利要求3所述的冷轧带或板,其中所述组成满足如下条件中的至少一个(以重量%计):
除杂质以外的余量Fe。
5.根据权利要求3所述的冷轧带或板,
a)具有(以重量%计)包含如下的组成:
除杂质以外的余量Fe;和
b)满足如下条件中的至少一个:
6.根据权利要求3所述的冷轧带或板,
a)具有(以重量%计)包含如下的组成:
除杂质以外的余量Fe;和
b)满足如下条件中的至少一个:
7.根据权利要求3所述的冷轧带或板,
a)具有(以重量%计)包含如下的组成:
除杂质以外的余量Fe;和
b)满足如下条件中的至少一个:
8.根据权利要求3所述的冷轧带或板,
a)具有(以重量%计)包含如下的组成:
除杂质以外的余量Fe;和
b)满足如下条件中的至少一个:
9.根据权利要求3-8任一项所述的冷轧带或板,其中
Al≤0.1。
10.根据权利要求1或2任一项所述的冷轧带或板,
a)具有(以重量%计)包含如下的组成:
除杂质以外的余量Fe;和
b)满足如下条件中的至少一个:
c)具有(以体积%计)包含如下的多相微观结构
11.根据权利要求10所述的冷轧带或板,
a)具有(以重量%计)包含如下的组成:
除杂质以外的余量Fe;和
b)满足如下条件中的至少一个:
12.生产锌或锌合金涂布的钢带或板的方法,其包括如下步骤:
i.提供具有由前述权利要求任一项中的条目a)定义的标称组成的经冷轧的钢板或带;
ii.将所述板或带在还原性气氛中加热至在650-900℃范围内的温度,任选地在位于650和900℃之间的温度范围内将气氛改变成氧化性气氛;
iii.将所述板或带在含有<5体积%氢气的氮气气氛中在780-1000℃范围内的温度下均热40秒至180秒的持续时间;
iv.在均热步骤iii)期间注入蒸汽以使CO>1体积%;
v.在涂布之前以10-400℃/秒范围内的速率将所述带或板冷却至200和500℃之间的温度,随后等温保持50-10000秒;
vi.用锌或锌合金涂层涂布所述带或板;和
vii.任选地进行镀锌退火以将所述涂层合金化到所述钢带中。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其中步骤iii)中的均热温度在830-890℃的范围内。
14.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其中步骤iii)中的均热温度在通过如下定义的Ac3以上:Ac3=910-203*C1/2-15.2Ni-30Mn+44.7Si+104V+31.5Mo+13.1W。
15.根据权利要求14所述的方法,其中步骤iii)中的均热温度在Ac3+20℃以上。
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