CN116914893B - Lithium battery discharge control circuit - Google Patents
Lithium battery discharge control circuit Download PDFInfo
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- CN116914893B CN116914893B CN202311167333.9A CN202311167333A CN116914893B CN 116914893 B CN116914893 B CN 116914893B CN 202311167333 A CN202311167333 A CN 202311167333A CN 116914893 B CN116914893 B CN 116914893B
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- resistor
- triode
- power supply
- lithium battery
- control circuit
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0063—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with circuits adapted for supplying loads from the battery
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/00304—Overcurrent protection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/0031—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using battery or load disconnect circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
- H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
- H02J7/00714—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery charging or discharging current
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention discloses a lithium battery discharge control circuit which comprises a relay switch circuit, a switch control circuit and a starting circuit, wherein one end of the switch side of the relay is connected with the positive end of a lithium battery, and the other end of the switch side of the relay is used for being connected with a load; the switch control circuit is connected with the controlled end of the relay; the starting circuit is respectively connected with the lithium battery and the switch control circuit, and is used for detecting a starting signal, outputting a starting power supply to supply power to the switch control circuit and the starting circuit when the starting signal is detected, and performing switch control on the relay through the switch control circuit. And outputting a starting power supply when the starting circuit detects a starting signal, otherwise, outputting the starting power supply. When the power supply is not started to output, the switch control circuit stops working, so that low standby application close to zero power consumption can be realized, the loss of the lithium battery is reduced, and the service life of the lithium battery is prolonged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lithium battery charging and discharging, in particular to a lithium battery discharging control circuit.
Background
Lithium (Li) ion batteries are increasingly used as energy storage and power supply batteries, and in the use process of the lithium (Li) ion batteries, various charge and discharge protection needs to be carried out on the lithium batteries so as to carry out charge and discharge management on the lithium batteries, thereby ensuring the safety and reliability of the lithium batteries in the use process.
The existing lithium battery charge-discharge control circuit is usually directly powered by a lithium battery, and has relatively large standby power consumption. Thus, the long standby time can generate larger power consumption, and even the electric quantity of the lithium battery can be consumed, the loss of the lithium battery is relatively larger, and the service life of the lithium battery can not be well protected.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems in the related art to some extent. To this end, an object of the present invention is to propose a lithium battery discharge control circuit.
In order to achieve the above object, a lithium battery discharge control circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention includes:
the relay switch circuit comprises a relay, one end of the switch side of the relay is connected with the positive end of the lithium battery, and the other end of the switch side of the relay is used for being connected with a load;
the switch control circuit is connected with the controlled end of the relay;
the starting circuit is respectively connected with the lithium battery and the switch control circuit, and is used for detecting a starting signal, outputting a starting power supply to supply power for the switch control circuit and the starting circuit and controlling the power supply switch of the relay through the switch control circuit when the starting signal is detected.
Further, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the start-up circuit includes:
the starting sensor is respectively connected with the positive end of the lithium battery and the reference ground end;
the anode of the light emitting diode end of the optical coupler U1 is connected with the detection signal output end of the starting sensor, the cathode of the light emitting diode end is connected with the reference ground through a resistor R30, and the emitter of the triode end of the optical coupler U1 is connected with the reference ground;
one end of the resistor R1 is connected with a collector electrode of the triode end of the optocoupler U1, and the other end of the resistor R1 is connected with the positive end of the lithium battery through a resistor R2;
a capacitor C1, wherein one end of the capacitor C1 is connected with the other end of the resistor R1;
the base electrode of the triode Q3 is connected with the other end of the capacitor C1, the collector electrode of the triode Q3 outputs the starting power supply, the emitter electrode of the triode Q3 is connected with the positive end of the lithium battery, and the emitter electrode of the triode Q3 is also connected with the base electrode of the triode Q3 through a resistor R3;
and the power supply maintaining circuit is respectively connected with the output end of the starting power supply, the collector electrode of the triode end of the optocoupler U1 and the base electrode of the triode Q3 so as to continuously output and maintain control on the starting power supply.
Further, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the power supply maintaining circuit includes:
the collector of the triode Q2 is connected with the base electrode of the triode Q3 through a resistor R4, the emitter of the triode Q2 is connected with the reference ground, and the base electrode of the triode Q2 is connected with the reference ground through a resistor R7;
triode Q1, triode Q1's collecting electrode pass through resistance R8 with triode Q2's base is connected, triode Q1's projecting pole with triode Q3's collecting electrode is connected, perhaps triode Q1's projecting pole pass through control switch K2 with triode Q3's collecting electrode is connected, triode Q1's projecting pole still pass through resistance R6 with triode Q1's base is connected, triode Q1's base still passes through resistance R5 and diode D1's positive pole is connected, diode D1's negative pole with the collecting electrode of opto-coupler U1's triode end is connected.
Further, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the lithium battery discharge control circuit further includes: and the electric quantity too-low protection circuit is respectively connected with the output end of the starting power supply of the starting circuit and the switch control circuit, so that when the voltage of the starting power supply is detected to be lower than the lower voltage limit value, the switch control circuit is used for conducting disconnection control on the relay so as to conduct low-voltage protection on the lithium battery.
Further, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the switch control circuit includes:
the emitting electrode of the triode Q4 is connected with the output end of the starting power supply, the collecting electrode of the triode Q4 is connected with a controlled end of the relay, and the base electrode of the triode Q4 is connected with the overvoltage protection control signal output end of the electric quantity too low protection circuit;
and the collector of the triode Q5 is connected with the other controlled end of the relay, the emitter of the triode Q5 is connected with the reference ground, and the base of the triode Q5 is connected with the output end of the starting power supply through a resistor R15 and a resistor R16.
Further, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the power-down protection circuit includes:
the cathode of the voltage stabilizing diode D3 is connected with the output end of the starting power supply through a resistor R10, and the anode of the voltage stabilizing diode D3 is connected with the reference ground;
the positive phase input end of the first comparator U2 is connected with the cathode of the voltage stabilizing diode D3, the negative phase input end of the first comparator U2 is connected with one end of a resistor R11, the other end of the resistor R11 is connected with the reference ground, one end of the resistor R11 is also connected with one end of a resistor R9, and the other end of the resistor R9 is connected with the output end of the starting power supply.
Further, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the lithium battery discharge control circuit further includes: and the overcurrent protection circuit is connected with the switch control circuit and is used for detecting the power supply loop current of the lithium battery and performing disconnection control on the relay through the switch control circuit when detecting that the power supply loop current exceeds an upper limit value so as to perform overcurrent protection on the lithium battery.
Further, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the overcurrent protection circuit includes:
the current acquisition circuit is used for acquiring the current of a power supply loop of the lithium battery;
the cathode of the voltage stabilizing diode D4 is connected with the output end of the starting power supply through a resistor R29, and the anode of the voltage stabilizing diode D4 is connected with the reference ground;
the positive input end of the second comparator U3 is connected with the cathode of the voltage stabilizing diode D4, the negative input end of the second comparator U3 is connected with the sampling current output end of the current acquisition circuit, and the output end of the second comparator U3 is connected with the base electrode of the triode Q5 through the resistor R15.
Further, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the current acquisition circuit includes:
the excitation coil L1 is connected in series with a power supply loop of the lithium battery;
the magnetic saturation mutual inductance coil L2 is connected with the excitation coil L1 in a magnetic coupling way;
the first integrated operational amplifier is characterized in that the reverse input end of the first integrated operational amplifier is connected with the reference ground through a capacitor C7, the reverse input end of the first integrated operational amplifier is also connected with one end of a magnetic saturation mutual inductance coil L2 through a resistor R19, the other end of the magnetic saturation mutual inductance coil L2 is connected with the output end of the first integrated operational amplifier through a resistor R20, the other end of the mutual inductance coil L2 is also connected with one end of a resistor R21, the other end of the resistor R21 is connected with the normal phase input end of the first integrated operational amplifier, the normal phase input end of the first integrated operational amplifier is also connected with one end of a resistor R26, and the other end of the resistor R26 is connected with the reference ground;
the positive input end of the second integrated operational amplifier is connected with the reference ground through a resistor R22, the negative input end of the second integrated operational amplifier is connected with one end of a resistor R23, the other end of the resistor R23 is connected with one end of a resistor R28, the other end of the resistor R28 is connected with the reference ground, one end of the resistor R28 is also connected with one end of a resistor R27, the other end of the resistor R27 is connected with one end of a magnetic saturation mutual inductance coil L2, the negative input end of the second integrated operational amplifier is also connected with one end of a resistor R24, the other end of the resistor R24 is connected with one end of a capacitor C6, the other end of the capacitor C6 is connected with the output end of the second integrated operational amplifier, and the output end of the second integrated operational amplifier is also connected with the negative input end of a second comparator U3 through a resistor R25.
Further, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the lithium battery discharge control circuit further includes: the overvoltage protection circuit is respectively connected with the output end of the starting power supply of the starting circuit and the switch control circuit, and when the voltage of the starting power supply is detected to be higher than a lower voltage limit value, the switch control circuit is used for conducting disconnection control on the relay so as to conduct overvoltage protection on the lithium battery; wherein, the overvoltage protection circuit includes:
and a base electrode of the triode Q6 is connected with the output end of the starting power supply through a resistor R18, the base electrode of the triode Q6 is also connected with the reference ground through a resistor R17, an emitting electrode of the triode Q6 is connected with the reference ground, and a collecting electrode of the triode Q6 is connected with the base electrode of the triode Q5 through a resistor R15.
The lithium battery discharging control circuit provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises a relay, wherein one end of the switch side of the relay is connected with the positive end of the lithium battery, and the other end of the switch side of the relay is used for being connected with a load; the switch control circuit is connected with the controlled end of the relay; the starting circuit is respectively connected with the lithium battery and the switch control circuit, and is used for detecting a starting signal, outputting a starting power supply to supply power to the switch control circuit and the starting circuit and controlling the power supply switch of the relay through the switch control circuit when the starting signal is detected. When the starting circuit detects a starting signal, the starting power supply is output, otherwise, the starting power supply is not output, when the starting power supply is not output, the switch control circuit stops working, and most of the rest circuits except the starting sensor are stopped working due to the disconnection of the power supply, so that the low-standby application close to zero power consumption can be realized, the loss of a lithium battery is reduced, and the service life of the lithium battery is prolonged.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a discharge control circuit of a lithium battery according to the present invention.
The achievement of the objects, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in conjunction with the embodiments.
Description of the embodiments
In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the following description will make clear and complete descriptions of the technical solutions according to the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.
Reference herein to "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the invention. The appearances of such phrases in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. Those of skill in the art will explicitly and implicitly appreciate that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a lithium battery discharge control circuit, including: the switching device comprises a relay switching circuit, a switching control circuit and a starting circuit, wherein the relay switching circuit comprises a relay, one end of a switching side of the relay is connected with a positive end of a lithium battery, and the other end of the switching side of the relay is used for being connected with a load; the switch control circuit is connected with the controlled end of the relay; the starting circuit is respectively connected with the lithium battery and the switch control circuit, and is used for detecting a starting signal, outputting a starting power supply to supply power to the switch control circuit and the starting circuit when the starting signal is detected, and controlling the power supply of the relay through the switch control circuit.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the relay K1 is disposed on a main discharge circuit of the lithium battery, so that the main discharge circuit of the lithium battery can be controlled to switch under the action of the switch control circuit, and a power supply can be provided for a load through the main discharge circuit of the lithium battery. The starting circuit is used for managing and controlling the power supply of the switch control circuit. The starting circuit detects a starting signal through the starting sensor, and when the starting signal is detected, the starting power supply can be output to the switch control circuit, so that the switch control circuit starts starting work to perform switch control on the relay. Thus, the start-up power supply is output when the start-up circuit detects the start-up signal. When the start-up circuit does not detect the start-up signal, then there is no power output. At this time, the switch control circuit is stopped due to the absence of the power supply, and the start circuit is stopped due to the disconnection of the power supply, except for the start sensor. Therefore, the whole circuit can realize low standby application close to zero power consumption, thereby greatly reducing standby power consumption of the whole circuit, reducing loss of the lithium battery and prolonging the service life of the lithium battery.
As shown in fig. 1, the start-up circuit includes: the lithium battery power supply device comprises a starting inductor, an optocoupler U1, a resistor R1, a capacitor C1, a triode Q3 and a power supply maintaining circuit, wherein the starting inductor is respectively connected with the positive end and the reference ground end of the lithium battery; the anode of the light emitting diode end of the optical coupler U1 is connected with the detection signal output end of the starting sensor, the cathode of the light emitting diode end is connected with the reference ground through a resistor R30, and the emitter of the triode end of the optical coupler U1 is connected with the reference ground; one end of the resistor R1 is connected with a collector electrode of the triode end of the optocoupler U1, and the other end of the resistor R1 is connected with the positive end of the lithium battery through a resistor R2; one end of the capacitor C1 is connected with the other end of the resistor R1; the base electrode of the triode Q3 is connected with the other end of the capacitor C1, the collector electrode of the triode Q3 outputs the starting power supply, the emitter electrode of the triode Q3 is connected with the positive end of the lithium battery, and the emitter electrode of the triode Q3 is also connected with the base electrode of the triode Q3 through a resistor R3; the power supply maintaining circuit is respectively connected with the output end of the starting power supply, the collector electrode of the triode end of the optocoupler U1 and the base electrode of the triode Q3, so as to continuously output and maintain control on the starting power supply.
Specifically, the start sensor may be a pressure sensor, a touch switch sensor, an optical sensor, an infrared sensor, a sound sensor, or an electromagnetic switch sensor, and the working principle of the start sensor is equivalent to a control switch, as shown in fig. 1, when the start sensor detects a corresponding control signal (e.g., a pressure signal, a touch signal, etc.), a high-level signal is output to the optocoupler U1, so that the optocoupler U1 is turned on. It should be noted that, in some other embodiments, the start sensor may be replaced by a simple control switch. When the optocoupler U1 is conducted under the action of a high-level signal output by the starting inductor, an RC charging circuit formed by a resistor R1 and a capacitor C1 starts to charge, the charging time can be set through the sizes of the resistor R1 and the capacitor C1, a triode Q3 can be conducted in the charging process of the capacitor C1, a power supply of the lithium battery is output from a collector electrode of the triode Q3, and the output power supply is the starting power supply and can supply power for the switch control circuit. Meanwhile, the power supply maintenance circuit in the starting circuit can be supplied with power. After the capacitor C1 is charged, the RC charging circuit formed by the resistor R1 and the capacitor C1 is in an off state. At this time, the power supply maintaining circuit is required to continuously provide the conduction current for the triode Q3, so that the triode Q3 can maintain the continuous output of the starting power supply, and supply power for the switch control circuit and the power supply maintaining circuit, thereby ensuring the normal operation of the whole circuit. In the process that the starting circuit maintains normal power supply, when the circuit needs to be in a standby state, the power supply maintaining circuit can be controlled to disconnect the conducting loop of the triode Q3, and the output of the starting sensor can be disconnected. For example, when the start-up sensor does not output a high-level signal, the optocoupler is turned off, the start-up circuit stops working, and the power supply is started to stop outputting. When the power supply maintaining circuit stops working, the triode Q3 is also cut off, and the power supply is started to stop outputting. The resistor R2 is a discharging resistor of the capacitor C1, and when the optocoupler U1 is cut off, the capacitor C1 discharges through the resistor R2, so that the electric quantity of the capacitor C1 is released. In this way, when the optocoupler U1 is turned on next time, the RC charging circuit formed by the resistor R1 and the capacitor C1 can provide the transistor Q3 with the instant on current again.
The power supply maintaining circuit includes: the triode Q2 and the triode Q1, wherein the collector of the triode Q2 is connected with the base electrode of the triode Q3 through a resistor R4, the emitter of the triode Q2 is connected with the reference ground, and the base electrode of the triode Q2 is connected with the reference ground through a resistor R7; the collector of the triode Q1 is connected with the base of the triode Q2 through a resistor R8, the emitter of the triode Q1 is connected with the collector of the triode Q3, or the emitter of the triode Q1 is connected with the collector of the triode Q3 through a control switch K2, the emitter of the triode Q1 is also connected with the base of the triode Q1 through a resistor R6, the base of the triode Q1 is also connected with the anode of a diode D1 through a resistor R5, and the cathode of the diode D1 is connected with the collector of the triode end of the optocoupler U1.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, after the RC charging circuit formed by the resistor R1 and the capacitor C1 is charged, the RC charging circuit is in an off state. Therefore, the conduction of the transistor Q3 needs to be maintained by the power supply maintaining circuit before the RC charging loop is turned off. The process is that the control switch K2 is in a conducting state, when the triode Q3 is conducted and outputs a start power supply, the start power supply can directly replace the control switch K2 by a wire after passing through the control switch K2 (in some embodiments, the emitter of the triode Q1 is directly connected with the reference ground), so that a current loop can be formed by the base, the emitter, the diode D1 and the triode end of the optocoupler U1 of the triode Q1, the triode Q1 can be conducted, and after the triode Q1 is conducted, a high level voltage can be provided for the base of the triode Q2, so that the triode Q2 is conducted, a conducting loop can be provided for the triode Q3, and the conduction of the triode Q3 is maintained. When the output of the starting power supply needs to be turned off, the control switch K2 or the output of the starting sensor can be turned off. At this time, the circuit of the power supply maintaining circuit is turned off, the transistor Q3 is turned off, the power supply source is started to stop outputting, and the rest circuits except the start-up sensor are not supplied with power and are in a standby state.
The lithium battery discharge control circuit further includes: and the electric quantity too-low protection circuit is respectively connected with the output end of the starting power supply of the starting circuit and the switch control circuit, so that when the voltage of the starting power supply is detected to be lower than the lower voltage limit value, the switch control circuit is used for conducting disconnection control on the relay so as to conduct low-voltage protection on the lithium battery. As shown in fig. 1, the power-down protection circuit is also powered by the starting power supply, so that the power of the lithium battery is not consumed when the circuit is in a standby state, and the low power consumption of the circuit in the standby state is ensured. And when the circuit works normally, whether the voltage of the lithium battery is lower than the lower limit value is detected, so that the lithium battery is subjected to switching control of power supply output, low-voltage protection of the lithium battery is realized, and the service life of the lithium battery is ensured.
The electric quantity undervoltage protection circuit comprises: the voltage stabilizing diode D3 and the first comparator U2, wherein the cathode of the voltage stabilizing diode D3 is connected with the output end of the starting power supply through a resistor R10, and the anode of the voltage stabilizing diode D3 is connected with the reference ground; the positive phase input end of the first comparator U2 is connected with the cathode of the voltage stabilizing diode D3, the negative phase input end of the first comparator U2 is connected with one end of a resistor R11, the other end of the resistor R11 is connected with the reference ground, one end of the resistor R11 is also connected with one end of a resistor R9, and the other end of the resistor R9 is connected with the output end of the starting power supply.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, a voltage stabilizing circuit may be configured between the zener diode D3 and the resistor R10, to provide a first reference voltage to the non-inverting input terminal of the first comparator U2, for example, a reference voltage value may be 0.5V. The resistor R9 and the resistor R11 form a voltage dividing circuit, the voltage of the starting power supply can be divided and then output to the inverting input end of the first comparator U2, when the power supply of the lithium battery is normal, the output voltage value of the starting power supply is higher than the voltage value of the zener diode D3 after being divided by the resistor R9 and the resistor R11, so that the first comparator U2 outputs a low level, the conduction of the switch control circuit is maintained, and the conduction of the relay K1 is further maintained. In contrast, when the voltage of the power supply of the lithium battery is too low, the output of the starting power supply is lower than the voltage value of the zener diode D3 after being divided by the resistor R9 and the resistor R11, so that the first comparator U2 outputs a high level, and the switch control circuit is disconnected, so that the relay K1 is maintained to be disconnected, and the load power supply of the lithium battery is disconnected.
The switch control circuit includes: the emitter of the triode Q4 is connected with the output end of the starting power supply, the collector of the triode Q4 is connected with a controlled end of the relay, and the base of the triode Q4 is connected with the overvoltage protection control signal output end of the electric quantity too low protection circuit; the collector of the triode Q5 is connected with the other controlled end of the relay, the emitter of the triode Q5 is connected with the reference ground, and the base of the triode Q5 is connected with the output end of the starting power supply through a resistor R15 and a resistor R16.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the relay K1 is switch-controlled by the transistor Q4 and the transistor Q5, respectively. When any one of the transistor Q4 and the transistor Q5 is turned off, the relay K1 may be turned off. When the circuit works normally, the electric quantity too low protection circuit outputs a low-level signal through the first comparator U2 and enables the triode Q4 to be conducted. Meanwhile, the triode Q5 is also conducted under the power supply effect of the starting power supply, so that the relay K1 is conducted, the lithium battery is normally discharged outwards, and the power supply is provided for a load. When the lithium battery under-voltage is detected by the electric quantity over-low protection circuit, a high-level signal can be output, so that the triode Q4 is cut off, and the relay K1 also cuts off the power supply output, so that the lithium battery is under-voltage protected.
The lithium battery discharge control circuit further includes: and the overcurrent protection circuit is connected with the switch control circuit and is used for detecting the power supply loop current of the lithium battery and performing disconnection control on the relay through the switch control circuit when detecting that the power supply loop current exceeds an upper limit value so as to perform overcurrent protection on the lithium battery. As shown in fig. 1, the overcurrent protection circuit includes: the lithium battery power supply circuit comprises a current acquisition circuit, a zener diode D4 and a second comparator U3, wherein the current acquisition circuit is used for acquiring the power supply circuit current of the lithium battery; the cathode of the zener diode D4 is connected with the output end of the starting power supply through a resistor R29, and the anode of the zener diode D4 is connected with the reference ground; the positive phase input end of the second comparator U3 is connected with the cathode of the voltage stabilizing diode D4, the negative phase input end of the second comparator U3 is connected with the sampling current output end of the current acquisition circuit, and the output end of the second comparator U3 is connected with the base electrode of the triode Q5 through the resistor R15.
Specifically, the working process of the over-current protection circuit is that a voltage stabilizing circuit can be formed between the voltage stabilizing diode D4 and the resistor R29, and a second reference voltage can be provided for the non-inverting input end of the second comparator U3. For example, a reference voltage value of 0.5V is possible. And the current collection circuit can sample the current on the power supply circuit of the lithium battery, and the sampled current value is compared with the second reference voltage provided by the zener diode D4. When the current sampling voltage value is higher than the second reference voltage, the second comparator U3 can output low-level voltage, so that the base electrode of the triode Q5 can be pulled down to be low-level, the triode Q6 is cut off, the relay K1 is further disconnected, and the lithium battery stops supplying power to a load, so that overcurrent protection is performed; conversely, when the current sampling voltage value is lower than the second reference voltage, the second comparator U3 may output a high level voltage, the transistor Q5 maintains the on state, and the relay K1 is also in the on state.
The current acquisition circuit includes: the magnetic saturation transformer comprises an excitation coil L1, a magnetic saturation transformer L2, a first integrated operational amplifier and a second integrated operational amplifier, wherein the magnetic saturation transformer L2 is connected with the excitation coil L1 in a magnetic coupling way; the exciting coil L1 is connected in series on a power supply loop of the lithium battery; the anti-input end of the first integrated operational amplifier is connected with the reference ground through a capacitor C7, the anti-input end of the first integrated operational amplifier is also connected with one end of a magnetic saturation mutual inductance coil L2 through a resistor R19, the other end of the magnetic saturation mutual inductance coil L2 is connected with the output end of the first integrated operational amplifier through a resistor R20, the other end of the mutual inductance coil L2 is also connected with one end of a resistor R21, the other end of the resistor R21 is connected with the normal phase input end of the first integrated operational amplifier, the normal phase input end of the first integrated operational amplifier is also connected with one end of a resistor R26, and the other end of the resistor R26 is connected with the reference ground; the positive input end of the second integrated operational amplifier is connected with the reference ground through a resistor R22, the negative input end of the second integrated operational amplifier is connected with one end of a resistor R23, the other end of the resistor R23 is connected with one end of a resistor R28, the other end of the resistor R28 is connected with the reference ground, one end of the resistor R28 is also connected with one end of a resistor R27, the other end of the resistor R27 is connected with one end of a magnetic saturation mutual inductance coil L2, the negative input end of the second integrated operational amplifier is also connected with one end of a resistor R24, the other end of the resistor R24 is connected with one end of a capacitor C6, the other end of the capacitor C6 is connected with the output end of the second integrated operational amplifier, and the output end of the second integrated operational amplifier is also connected with the negative input end of a second comparator U3 through a resistor R25.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the first integrated op-amp forms a self-oscillating circuit, when the self-oscillating circuit is powered on, if the voltage of the positive input end of the first integrated op-amp is higher than the voltage of the negative input end, the first integrated op-amp outputs a high-level signal through the resistor R20 and the mutual inductor L2 and charges the capacitor C7 through the resistor R19, and when the capacitor C7 is charged to a certain voltage value, the voltage of the capacitor C7 is higher than the divided voltage of the resistor R21 and the resistor R26, so that the voltage of the negative input end of the first integrated op-amp is higher than the voltage of the Yu Zhengxiang input end. The first integrated operational amplifier outputs a low-level signal through the resistor R20 and the magnetic saturation mutual inductance coil L2, the capacitor C7 discharges through the resistor R19, and when the voltage of the positive input end of the first integrated operational amplifier is higher than that of the power supply of the reverse input end, the first integrated operational amplifier outputs a high-level signal through the resistor R20 and the mutual inductance coil L2. Therefore, the oscillating circuit can provide oscillation excitation for the magnetic saturation mutual inductance coil L2, so that the magnetic saturation mutual inductance coil L2 works in a magnetic field saturation state, when the exciting coil L1 does not generate current, the exciting coil L1 does not generate magnetic field excitation, the output waveform of the magnetic saturation mutual inductance coil L2 is positive and negative symmetrical output, the current average value is zero, and the total current calculated by the operation circuit formed by the second integrated operational amplifier is zero. When current is applied to the exciting coil L1, the exciting coil L1 generates magnetic field excitation, and the magnetic field excitation enables the mutual inductance coil L2 to generate bias current, so that the working current average value of the exciting coil L1 is not zero. The bias current and the current on the exciting coil L1 form a certain operation relation, the operation relation directly reflects the current quantity on the exciting coil L1, and the bias current is extracted through an operation circuit formed by a second integrated operational amplifier, so that the current on the lithium battery loop can be obtained. This is because the magnetic field excitation causes the magnetically saturated mutual inductor L2 to generate a bias current, so that the output waveform of the mutual inductor L2 is no longer positive and negative symmetrical output. After the voltage value of the output current is acquired through the resistor R28, the bias current can be output after the operation is performed through an integrating circuit formed by the second integrated operational amplifier, so that the power supply current of the lithium battery to the load can be sampled.
The lithium battery discharge control circuit further includes: the overvoltage protection circuit is respectively connected with the output end of the starting power supply of the starting circuit and the switch control circuit, and when the voltage of the starting power supply is detected to be higher than a lower voltage limit value, the switch control circuit is used for conducting disconnection control on the relay so as to conduct overvoltage protection on the lithium battery; wherein, the overvoltage protection circuit includes: and a base electrode of the triode Q6 is connected with the output end of the starting power supply through a resistor R18, the base electrode of the triode Q6 is also connected with the reference ground through a resistor R17, an emitting electrode of the triode Q6 is connected with the reference ground, and a collecting electrode of the triode Q6 is connected with the base electrode of the triode Q5 through a resistor R15.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the resistor R18 and the resistor R17 form a voltage dividing circuit, which can divide the voltage output by the start power supply and output the divided voltage to the base of the triode Q6, when the power supply of the start power supply is too high (for example, higher than 0.7V), the divided voltage of the resistor R18 and the resistor R17 can make the triode Q6 be turned on, pull the base of the triode Q5 down to a low level, make the triode Q5 be turned off, and the relay K1 is turned off. When the voltage of the lithium battery is normal, the voltages of the resistor R18 and the resistor R17 are lower than the conducting voltage (for example, lower than 0.7V) of the triode Q6, the triode Q6 is in a cut-off state, and the triode Q5 is not influenced by the triode Q6 and is in a normal working state. By incorporating a capacitor C5 between the base of the transistor Q6 and the reference ground, stability of the voltage at the base of the transistor Q6 can be ensured.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention may be modified or equivalents substituted for some of the features thereof. All equivalent structures made by the content of the specification and the drawings of the invention are directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, and are also within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present specification, a description referring to terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and not to be construed as limiting the invention, and that variations, modifications, alternatives, and variations may be made to the above embodiments by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention, which is within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A lithium battery discharge control circuit, comprising:
the relay switch circuit comprises a relay, one end of the switch side of the relay is connected with the positive end of the lithium battery, and the other end of the switch side of the relay is used for being connected with a load;
the switch control circuit is connected with the controlled end of the relay;
the starting circuit is respectively connected with the lithium battery and the switch control circuit, and is used for detecting a starting signal, outputting a starting power supply to supply power for the switch control circuit and the starting circuit when the starting signal is detected, and carrying out power supply switch control on the load of the relay through the switch control circuit;
the start-up circuit includes:
the starting sensor is respectively connected with the positive end of the lithium battery and the reference ground end;
the anode of the light emitting diode end of the optical coupler U1 is connected with the detection signal output end of the starting sensor, the cathode of the light emitting diode end is connected with the reference ground through a resistor R30, and the emitter of the triode end of the optical coupler U1 is connected with the reference ground;
one end of the resistor R1 is connected with a collector electrode of the triode end of the optocoupler U1, and the other end of the resistor R1 is connected with the positive end of the lithium battery through a resistor R2;
a capacitor C1, wherein one end of the capacitor C1 is connected with the other end of the resistor R1;
the base electrode of the triode Q3 is connected with the other end of the capacitor C1, the collector electrode of the triode Q3 outputs the starting power supply, the emitter electrode of the triode Q3 is connected with the positive end of the lithium battery, and the emitter electrode of the triode Q3 is also connected with the base electrode of the triode Q3 through a resistor R3;
the power supply maintaining circuit is respectively connected with the output end of the starting power supply, the collector electrode of the triode end of the optocoupler U1 and the base electrode of the triode Q3 so as to continuously output and maintain the starting power supply;
wherein the power supply maintaining circuit includes:
the collector of the triode Q2 is connected with the base electrode of the triode Q3 through a resistor R4, the emitter of the triode Q2 is connected with the reference ground, and the base electrode of the triode Q2 is connected with the reference ground through a resistor R7;
triode Q1, triode Q1's collecting electrode pass through resistance R8 with triode Q2's base is connected, triode Q1's projecting pole with triode Q3's collecting electrode is connected, perhaps triode Q1's projecting pole pass through control switch K2 with triode Q3's collecting electrode is connected, triode Q1's projecting pole still pass through resistance R6 with triode Q1's base is connected, triode Q1's base still passes through resistance R5 and diode D1's positive pole is connected, diode D1's negative pole with the collecting electrode of opto-coupler U1's triode end is connected.
2. The lithium battery discharge control circuit of claim 1, further comprising: and the electric quantity too-low protection circuit is respectively connected with the output end of the starting power supply of the starting circuit and the switch control circuit, so that when the voltage of the starting power supply is detected to be lower than the lower voltage limit value, the switch control circuit is used for conducting disconnection control on the relay so as to conduct low-voltage protection on the lithium battery.
3. The lithium battery discharge control circuit of claim 2, wherein the switch control circuit comprises:
the emitting electrode of the triode Q4 is connected with the output end of the starting power supply, the collecting electrode of the triode Q4 is connected with a controlled end of the relay, and the base electrode of the triode Q4 is connected with the overvoltage protection control signal output end of the electric quantity too low protection circuit;
and the collector of the triode Q5 is connected with the other controlled end of the relay, the emitter of the triode Q5 is connected with the reference ground, and the base of the triode Q5 is connected with the output end of the starting power supply through a resistor R15 and a resistor R16.
4. A lithium battery discharge control circuit according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the low-charge protection circuit comprises:
the cathode of the voltage stabilizing diode D3 is connected with the output end of the starting power supply through a resistor R10, and the anode of the voltage stabilizing diode D3 is connected with the reference ground;
the positive phase input end of the first comparator U2 is connected with the cathode of the voltage stabilizing diode D3, the negative phase input end of the first comparator U2 is connected with one end of a resistor R11, the other end of the resistor R11 is connected with the reference ground, one end of the resistor R11 is also connected with one end of a resistor R9, and the other end of the resistor R9 is connected with the output end of the starting power supply.
5. The lithium battery discharge control circuit of claim 3, further comprising: and the overcurrent protection circuit is connected with the switch control circuit and is used for detecting the power supply loop current of the lithium battery and performing disconnection control on the relay through the switch control circuit when detecting that the power supply loop current exceeds an upper limit value so as to perform overcurrent protection on the lithium battery.
6. The lithium battery discharge control circuit of claim 5, wherein the over-current protection circuit comprises:
the current acquisition circuit is used for acquiring the current of a power supply loop of the lithium battery;
the cathode of the voltage stabilizing diode D4 is connected with the output end of the starting power supply through a resistor R29, and the anode of the voltage stabilizing diode D4 is connected with the reference ground;
the positive input end of the second comparator U3 is connected with the cathode of the voltage stabilizing diode D4, the negative input end of the second comparator U3 is connected with the sampling current output end of the current acquisition circuit, and the output end of the second comparator U3 is connected with the base electrode of the triode Q5 through the resistor R15.
7. The lithium battery discharge control circuit of claim 6, wherein the current acquisition circuit comprises:
the excitation coil L1 is connected in series with a power supply loop of the lithium battery;
the magnetic saturation mutual inductance coil L2 is connected with the excitation coil L1 in a magnetic coupling way;
the first integrated operational amplifier is characterized in that the reverse input end of the first integrated operational amplifier is connected with the reference ground through a capacitor C7, the reverse input end of the first integrated operational amplifier is also connected with one end of a magnetic saturation mutual inductance coil L2 through a resistor R19, the other end of the magnetic saturation mutual inductance coil L2 is connected with the output end of the first integrated operational amplifier through a resistor R20, the other end of the mutual inductance coil L2 is also connected with one end of a resistor R21, the other end of the resistor R21 is connected with the normal phase input end of the first integrated operational amplifier, the normal phase input end of the first integrated operational amplifier is also connected with one end of a resistor R26, and the other end of the resistor R26 is connected with the reference ground;
the positive input end of the second integrated operational amplifier is connected with the reference ground through a resistor R22, the negative input end of the second integrated operational amplifier is connected with one end of a resistor R23, the other end of the resistor R23 is connected with one end of a resistor R28, the other end of the resistor R28 is connected with the reference ground, one end of the resistor R28 is also connected with one end of a resistor R27, the other end of the resistor R27 is connected with one end of a magnetic saturation mutual inductance coil L2, the negative input end of the second integrated operational amplifier is also connected with one end of a resistor R24, the other end of the resistor R24 is connected with one end of a capacitor C6, the other end of the capacitor C6 is connected with the output end of the second integrated operational amplifier, and the output end of the second integrated operational amplifier is also connected with the negative input end of a second comparator U3 through a resistor R25.
8. The lithium battery discharge control circuit of claim 3, further comprising: the overvoltage protection circuit is respectively connected with the output end of the starting power supply of the starting circuit and the switch control circuit, and when the voltage of the starting power supply is detected to be higher than a lower voltage limit value, the switch control circuit is used for conducting disconnection control on the relay so as to conduct overvoltage protection on the lithium battery; wherein, the overvoltage protection circuit includes:
and a base electrode of the triode Q6 is connected with the output end of the starting power supply through a resistor R18, the base electrode of the triode Q6 is also connected with the reference ground through a resistor R17, an emitting electrode of the triode Q6 is connected with the reference ground, and a collecting electrode of the triode Q6 is connected with the base electrode of the triode Q5 through a resistor R15.
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