CN116907204A - Device and method for smelting brown fused alumina - Google Patents
Device and method for smelting brown fused alumina Download PDFInfo
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- CN116907204A CN116907204A CN202311152614.7A CN202311152614A CN116907204A CN 116907204 A CN116907204 A CN 116907204A CN 202311152614 A CN202311152614 A CN 202311152614A CN 116907204 A CN116907204 A CN 116907204A
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- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 185
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 46
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910001570 bauxite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005453 pelletization Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001062472 Stokellia anisodon Species 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000006052 feed supplement Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 24
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008093 supporting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000973497 Siphonognathus argyrophanes Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F7/00—Compounds of aluminium
- C01F7/02—Aluminium oxide; Aluminium hydroxide; Aluminates
- C01F7/021—After-treatment of oxides or hydroxides
- C01F7/027—Treatment involving fusion or vaporisation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces
- F27B3/08—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces heated electrically, with or without any other source of heat
- F27B3/085—Arc furnaces
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces
- F27B3/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to hearth-type furnaces
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces
- F27B3/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to hearth-type furnaces
- F27B3/18—Arrangements of devices for charging
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of smelting equipment, and particularly relates to a device and a method for smelting brown fused alumina. The device includes electric arc furnace structure, electric arc furnace structure includes furnace body and lid and closes the bell at the furnace body top, installs the electrode holder on the bell, electrode holder centre gripping electrode, and the electrode runs through the bell setting, is located electrode below department in the furnace body and is equipped with the molten bath, still includes feeding device, and feeding device includes from the top down arranges in proper order and connects and feed tank, connecting pipe and filling tube that communicates, and the outside that the feed tank is located furnace body and bell, connecting pipe run through furnace body or bell setting to the connecting pipe is fixed on furnace body or bell setting. The invention provides a device and a method for smelting brown fused alumina, which utilize heat generated by a furnace body to automatically add materials into the furnace body, are energy-saving and environment-friendly, have few materials added at one time in the furnace body, reduce gas generated by melting the materials, and have high safety.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of smelting equipment, and particularly relates to a device and a method for smelting brown fused alumina.
Background
Brown corundum, commonly known as carborundum, is made up by using three raw materials of dehydrated bauxite, carbon material and iron filings as main material through the processes of melting and reaction in electric arc furnace. Brown fused alumina is the most basic abrasive, and has the advantages of good grinding performance, wide application range, low price and wide application.
The preparation method of brown corundum is mainly an electric arc furnace smelting method. In the preparation process of brown alumina, in addition to the three raw materials mainly including alumina, carbon material and iron filings, additives are generally selected to improve the performance of brown alumina, for example, mgF is used in Chinese patent CN100337975C 2 Etc. as additives.
The common device for smelting brown fused alumina is an electric arc furnace, the electric arc furnace comprises a furnace body, the top of the furnace body is in an open state, a furnace cover is arranged at the opening of the top of the furnace body, a furnace door is arranged on the side wall of the furnace body, an electrode holder is arranged on the furnace cover, an electrode is clamped by the electrode holder, the electrode penetrates through the furnace cover and is arranged outside the furnace cover, the other end of the electrode is positioned in the furnace body, one end of the electrode positioned outside the furnace body is electrically connected with a power supply, one end of the electrode positioned in the furnace body is used for generating an electric arc, a molten pool is arranged below the electrode in the furnace body, materials for smelting brown fused alumina are added into the molten pool, the smelted materials are poured out through the molten pool and are poured into a receiving bag, and after the receiving bag is cooled. The arc furnace for smelting brown fused alumina is generally an intermittent smelting furnace except a discharging furnace, namely, new materials are added after the melted materials are discharged, more materials are added at one time, a large amount of gas is generated by melting the materials, and the furnace spraying is easy to occur, so that the danger is high.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems that the electric arc furnace has more materials added at one time, a large amount of gas is generated by melting the materials, the furnace spraying is easy to occur, and the danger is high, the invention provides a device and a method for smelting brown fused alumina, which utilize the heat generated by a furnace body to automatically and continuously add the materials into the furnace body, are energy-saving and environment-friendly, and the materials added at one time in the furnace body are not more, the gas generated by melting the materials is easy to discharge, and the safety is high.
The invention aims to provide a brown fused alumina smelting device, which comprises an electric arc furnace structure, a furnace cover and a feeding device, wherein the electric arc furnace structure comprises a furnace body and a furnace cover covered on the top of the furnace body, an electrode holder is arranged on the furnace cover and holds an electrode, the electrode penetrates through the furnace cover, one end of the electrode, which is positioned outside the furnace body, is used for being electrically connected with a power supply, one end of the electrode, which is positioned in the furnace body, is used for generating an electric arc, and the furnace cover, which is positioned below the electrode, is provided with a molten pool, and the feeding device is further arranged;
the feeding device comprises a feeding tank, a connecting pipe and a feeding pipe which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom and are sequentially connected and communicated, the feeding tank is positioned outside the furnace body and the furnace cover, the connecting pipe penetrates through the furnace body or the furnace cover, the feeding pipe is positioned inside the furnace body, and a pipe orifice at one end of the feeding pipe, which is far away from the connecting pipe, is positioned above the molten pool;
crushing and ball pressing raw materials for smelting brown fused alumina to obtain spherical materials, wherein the spherical materials are divided into two specifications of large-grain-size materials and small-grain-size materials, the large-grain-size materials and the small-grain-size materials are arranged in a staggered mode in the feeding pipe, a blocking block is arranged at a pipe orifice of one end of the feeding pipe, which is far away from the connecting pipe, and the distance from the blocking block to the inner wall of the pipe orifice of the feeding pipe, which is opposite to the blocking block, is smaller than the grain size of the large-grain-size materials and larger than the grain size of the small-grain-size materials.
Preferably, in the device for smelting brown fused alumina, the material supplementing tank is a tank body, and the joint of the material supplementing tank and the connecting pipe is positioned at the bottom of the material supplementing tank.
Preferably, the brown corundum smelting device comprises a first discharging part, a second discharging part and a converging part, wherein the bottom of the first discharging part is connected with and communicated with the converging part, the first discharging part is filled with small-particle-size materials, the second discharging part is filled with large-particle-size materials, and the converging part is larger than the particle size of the large-particle-size materials and smaller than twice the particle size of the small-particle-size materials.
Preferably, the above-mentioned device for smelting brown fused alumina, the portion that converges is funnel shape, including round platform portion and straight section of thick bamboo portion that links together, round platform portion with first blowing portion the bottom of second blowing portion all is connected and communicates, the size of straight section of thick bamboo portion is greater than the particle diameter of big particle diameter material, is less than the twice of little particle diameter material particle diameter.
Preferably, in the brown corundum smelting device, the feeding pipe is arranged in the furnace body in an inclined state or in a spiral descending state.
Preferably, the feeding tube comprises an outer layer tube and an inner layer tube, the inner layer tube is sleeved inside the outer layer tube, a distance is reserved between the outer layer tube and the inner layer tube, the inner layer tube can freely move relative to the outer layer tube, the blocking block is connected to the inner wall of one end of the outer layer tube, far away from the connecting tube, of the tube mouth, the blocking block can block the inner layer tube, so that the inner layer tube cannot slide out of the outer layer tube, and the outer layer tube is connected with the connecting tube.
Preferably, in the brown fused alumina smelting device, a waste discharge port is formed in the side wall of the material supplementing tank.
Preferably, the device for smelting brown fused alumina further comprises an impact-resistant device, wherein the impact-resistant device is opposite to the pipe orifice of the feeding pipe, which is far away from the connecting pipe, and the material coming out of the feeding pipe can impact to the impact-resistant device.
Preferably, the above device for smelting brown fused alumina, the impact resistant device comprises a movable part, a blocking part and a countermeasure part, wherein the inner wall of the furnace body is provided with a through passage, the movable part penetrates through the through passage and can move in the through passage, one end of the movable part is connected with the blocking part, the other end of the movable part is connected with the countermeasure part, the blocking part and the countermeasure part are both positioned in the furnace body and outside the through passage, the pipe orifice of the charging pipe far away from the connecting pipe is opposite to the countermeasure part, and the material flowing out of the charging pipe flows to and impacts the countermeasure part.
The invention also provides a method for smelting brown fused alumina, which comprises the following steps:
first, raw materials are prepared
The raw materials comprise dehydrated bauxite, carbon powder and scrap iron;
preparing the raw materials according to the formulas (I) - (II):
（I）
（II）
in the formulae (I) - (II), siO 2 % represents SiO in dehydrated bauxite 2 Mass percent of Fe 2 O 3 % represents Fe in dehydrated bauxite 2 O 3 Mass percent of TiO 2 % represents TiO in dehydrated bauxite 2 C% represents the mass percentage of carbon element in carbon powder, fe% represents the mass percentage of iron element in scrap iron, and K is 4.5-6.5;
second, pelletizing
Crushing scrap iron raw materials into powder with the particle size of less than 100 mu m, and pressing the powder into big balls which are used as materials with the large particle size;
mixing dehydrated bauxite and carbon powder, crushing into powder with the particle diameter of less than 100 mu m, and pressing into small balls which are used as materials with the small particle diameter;
third, smelting
And placing the materials with large grain size and the materials with small grain size into the brown fused alumina smelting device for smelting.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the electric arc furnace structure in the prior art is characterized in that materials are added for 2 times or 3 times, smelting is restarted after the melted materials are discharged, more materials are added each time, a large amount of gas is generated by melting the materials, if the generated gas is not discharged timely, the pressure in the materials is suddenly increased, even the furnace is sprayed, and the danger is high. In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a device and a method for smelting brown fused alumina, which utilize heat generated by a furnace body to automatically add materials into the furnace body, are energy-saving and environment-friendly, the materials added into the furnace body are small and continuous, and gas generated by melting the materials is easy to discharge, so that the safety is high. In addition, the device can recycle heat and gas generated in the material furnace body, and is energy-saving and environment-friendly.
According to the invention, the impact-resistant device and the feeding device are matched for use, so that the fed materials are impacted with the impact-resistant device at first, are decelerated and then fall into a molten pool to be fed at a constant speed, and the furnace spraying accident caused by too violent reaction is avoided.
The pipe orifice of the charging pipe far away from the connecting pipe is arranged close to the electric arc, so that heat generated by the electric arc (the temperature of a smelting pool is about 2000 ℃) is absorbed by materials at the pipe orifice of the charging pipe far away from the connecting pipe, and if the materials with large particle sizes are blocked at the pipe orifice of the charging pipe, the materials in the charging pipe cannot flow out through the charging pipe; when the heat generated by the electric arc is gradually absorbed by the large-grain-size material at the orifice of the feeding pipe, the large-grain-size material is gradually melted and becomes smaller in size, and the melted large-grain-size material and the small-grain-size material behind the melted large-grain-size material flow out of the feeding pipe and finally enter a molten pool to be melted and smelted, and when the blocking block at the orifice of the feeding pipe blocks the new unmelted large-grain-size material, feeding is stopped. The connecting pipe and the feeding pipe are made of heat-resistant steel plates so as to meet the working requirements of the device.
Because there is the clearance between inlayer pipe and the inlayer pipe, then the gas that the material melts in the molten bath produced can get into inlayer pipe with there is the clearance between the inlayer pipe with the inlayer pipe, these gases are with the heat, can carry out the preheating of certain degree to the material in the inlayer pipe, belong to the means of recycling to gas and heat, because inlayer pipe material is far away from electric arc, so be unlikely to melt. On the other hand, the gas entering the inner layer pipe and having a gap between the outer layer pipe has a supporting effect on the inner layer pipe, so that the inner layer pipe is in a semi-suspension state or a micro-shaking state, and then the vibration, collision and speed reduction can be carried out on the materials in the inner layer pipe, so that the materials are prevented from adhering to the inner wall of the inner layer pipe.
The impact-resistant device comprises a movable part, a blocking part and a countermeasure part, wherein the material flowing out of the charging pipe flows to and impacts the countermeasure part, the countermeasure part moves close to the inner wall of the furnace body, and then the movable part and the blocking part are driven to move, the movement energy of the material is reduced in the impact process, when the material coming out of the charging pipe enters a molten pool, the speed is weakened, the possibility of splashing liquid is reduced, and the safety is improved. When no material impacts the countermeasure part, the countermeasure part moves downwards under the action of gravity, and the blocking part blocks the through passage to prevent the movable part from falling.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an arc furnace for smelting brown fused alumina in the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view (longitudinal sectional view) of an arc furnace for smelting brown fused alumina according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view (longitudinal cross-sectional view) of the material replenishing tank of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a view showing the positional relationship between the charging pipe and the furnace body, and the impact resistance device of the present invention (longitudinal sectional view);
FIG. 5 is a second (longitudinal cross-sectional view) of the positional relationship between the charging pipe and the furnace body, impact resistance device of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a third (longitudinal cross-sectional view) of the positional relationship between the charging pipe and the furnace body, impact resistance device of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view (longitudinal cross-sectional view) of a filling tube according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a front view of the location of the impact device installed in the furnace body of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic structural view (longitudinal sectional view) of the impact-resistant device of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the technical scheme of the present invention, the present invention will be further described with reference to specific embodiments and drawings.
In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, all reagents are commercially available and methods are conventional in the art.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
The terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first", "a second" may include one or more such features, either explicitly or implicitly; in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.
Referring to fig. 1, the arc furnace structure of the prior art comprises a furnace body 1, the top of the furnace body 1 is in an open state, a furnace cover 2 is arranged at the opening of the top of the furnace body 1, a furnace door 21 is arranged on the side wall of the furnace body 1, an electrode holder 3 is arranged on the furnace cover 2, an electrode 4 is clamped by the electrode holder 3, the electrode 4 penetrates through the furnace cover 2, one end of the electrode 4 is positioned outside the furnace cover 2, the other end of the electrode 4 is positioned in the furnace body 1, one end of the electrode 4 positioned outside the furnace body 1 is electrically connected with a power supply, one end of the electrode 4 positioned in the furnace body 1 is used for generating an electric arc 41, a molten pool 11 is arranged below the electrode 4 in the furnace body 1, a brown corundum smelting material is added to the position of the molten pool 11, and the smelted material is poured out through the molten pool 11. The electric arc furnace with the structure in the prior art is characterized in that materials are added for 2-3 times, more materials are added each time, a large amount of gas is generated when the materials are melted, if the gas is not discharged timely, the pressure in the materials is suddenly increased, even the furnace is sprayed, and the danger is high.
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a device and a method for smelting brown fused alumina, which utilize heat generated by a furnace body to automatically add materials into the furnace body, are energy-saving and environment-friendly, reduce the intensity of stokehole operation, and have uniform blanking speed in the furnace body, relatively gentle gas speed generated by melting the materials and high safety. In addition, the device can recycle heat and gas generated in the material furnace body 1, and is energy-saving and environment-friendly. The invention includes the following examples.
An apparatus for smelting brown fused alumina comprises an electric arc furnace structure shown in fig. 1, and comprises the following steps: the furnace body 1, the top of furnace body 1 is the open state, and the inner wall material of furnace body 1 adopts high temperature resistant material, and furnace lid 2 is installed to the open top department of furnace body 1, and after installing furnace lid 2, the junction of furnace body 1 and furnace lid 2 is sealed, and no gas leakage is also leak. Preferably, a gasket is mounted on the inner wall of the lid 2. The side wall of the furnace body 1 is provided with a furnace door 21, the furnace door 21 can be opened relative to the furnace body 1, and the furnace door 21 is opened to add materials into the furnace body 1. Preferably, an exhaust hole is provided at the door 21, and waste generated by melting the material is discharged through the exhaust hole. The furnace lid 2 is provided with an electrode holder 3, and the electrode holder 3 is a clamping device, such as a selective clamping arm or other clamping device with clamping function. The electrode holder 3 holds the electrode 4, the electrode 4 runs through the bell 2 and sets up to the one end of electrode 4 is located the outside of bell 2, and the other end of electrode 4 is located furnace body 1, and the one end outside furnace body 1 of electrode 4 is electric to be connected, and the one end that is located furnace body 1 of electrode 4 is used for producing electric arc 41, and the below department that is located electrode 4 in furnace body 1 is equipped with molten bath 11, and the material of smelting brown fused alumina adds the position of molten bath 11, and the material of smelting is poured out via molten bath 11, and the specific discharge mode of molten bath 11 references prior art. Preferably, the number of the electrodes 4 is 3, all the electrodes 4 are vertically arranged, and the 3 electrodes 4 are distributed in an equilateral triangle shape, and a certain distance is kept between the electrodes 4 and the inner wall of the furnace body 1, so as to prevent the electric arc 41 generated by the electrodes 4 from burning through the furnace body 1.
Referring to fig. 2, the device for smelting brown fused alumina of the invention further comprises a feeding device 5 and an impact resistant device 6. The material supplementing device 5 is used for supplementing materials into the furnace body 1, so that excessive materials can be prevented from being added into the furnace body 1 at one time, and further potential safety hazards that a large amount of gas cannot be timely discharged are avoided.
Referring to fig. 2, the feeding device 5 includes a feeding tank 51, a connection pipe 52 and a feeding pipe 53, the feeding tank 51, the connection pipe 52 and the feeding pipe 53 are fixedly connected and communicated in sequence, and the feeding tank 51, the connection pipe 52 and the feeding pipe 53 are sequentially arranged in the order of height from top to bottom. The material supplementing tank 51 is positioned outside the furnace body 1 and the furnace cover 2, and the connecting pipe 52 is arranged through the side wall of the furnace body 1 or through the furnace cover 2. If the connecting pipe 52 is provided through the side wall of the furnace body 1, the connecting pipe 52 is fixed to the furnace body 1, and if the connecting pipe 52 is provided through the furnace cover 2, the connecting pipe 52 is fixed to the furnace cover 2. The charging pipe 53 is located inside the furnace body 1. After the material is added to the replenishing tank 51, the material can flow to the connecting pipe 52 and the charging pipe 53 in order under the action of gravity and finally enter the molten pool 11 in the furnace body 1. The end of the feed pipe 53 remote from the connecting pipe 52 is located above the entering bath 11, and preferably the end of the feed pipe 53 remote from the connecting pipe 52 is located directly above the entering bath 11. The feeding tube 53 is positioned above the arc 41, and it is noted that the distance between the lower end nozzle of the feeding tube 53 and the arc 41 is set so as to satisfy the purpose of melting only the large particle size material without melting the feeding tube 53, and the minimum distance between the lower end nozzle of the feeding tube 53 and the arc 41, for example, 50-100cm, can be determined by a plurality of experiments. It should be noted that, the connecting pipe 52 and the feeding pipe 53 may be made of heat-resistant steel plates to meet the working requirements of the device.
Illustratively, the material replenishing tank 51 is a tank body, and the connection between the material replenishing tank 51 and the connecting pipe 52 is located at the bottom of the sidewall of the material replenishing tank 51, so that materials can enter the connecting pipe 52 conveniently. Preferably, the outer wall of the material supplementing tank 51 is provided with a cooling device, such as a condensing pipe surrounding the outer wall of the material supplementing tank 51, water or other fluid with condensation is introduced into the condensing pipe, so that high temperature conduction of the furnace body 1 to the material supplementing tank 51 is avoided, and safety of the material supplementing tank 51 and materials inside the material supplementing tank is ensured.
For example, referring to fig. 3, the material replenishing tank 51 includes a first discharging portion 511, a second discharging portion 512, and a converging portion 513, where the first discharging portion 511 and the second discharging portion 512 are disposed side by side, bottoms of the first discharging portion 511 and the second discharging portion 512 are connected and communicated with the converging portion 513, and a size of the converging portion 513 is smaller than a sum of sizes of the first discharging portion 511 and the second discharging portion 512. For example, if the first discharging portion 511, the second discharging portion 512, and the converging portion 513 are all cylindrical, the diameter of the converging portion 513 is smaller than the sum of the diameters of the first discharging portion 511 and the second discharging portion 512. Preferably, the confluence part 513 is funnel-shaped, such that the sizes of the first and second discharging parts 511 and 512 to the confluence part 513 are gradually reduced, and the flow of the material is relaxed; in the structure of the funnel-shaped confluence part 513, the funnel-shaped confluence part comprises a straight barrel part and a round platform part, the size of the round platform part is changed from large to small, the size of the straight barrel part is unchanged, one end of the round platform part with a large size is surrounded and fixedly connected with the first discharging part 511 and the second discharging part 512, one end of the round platform part with a small size is fixedly connected with one end of the straight barrel part, and the other end of the straight barrel part is connected with and communicated with the connecting pipe 52.
In the invention, the dehydrated bauxite and the carbon powder are mixed and crushed according to a proportion, and then the dried bauxite and the carbon powder are pressed into balls. The scrap iron is singly pressed into balls to obtain spherical materials. Adding a replenishing tank 51 to wait for smelting in the furnace body 1; wherein, spherical material is divided into two kinds of specifications of big particle diameter and small particle diameter, and first blowing portion 511 is put into to the material of small particle diameter, and big particle diameter's material second blowing portion 512, and the size of the straight section of thick bamboo portion of converging portion 513 is greater than the particle diameter of big particle diameter's material, and is less than the twice of small particle diameter material particle diameter. For example, the straight tube portion of the converging portion 513 is a cylinder, and the large-particle-diameter material and the small-particle-diameter material are spheres, and then the diameter of the straight tube portion of the converging portion 513 is larger than the diameter of the large-particle-diameter material and smaller than twice the diameter of the small-particle-diameter material. When the small-sized material in the first discharging part 511 and the large-sized material in the second discharging part 512 flow toward the converging part 513 at the same time, the small-sized material in the first discharging part 511 and the large-sized material in the second discharging part 512 are arranged in a row only in the straight tube part of the converging part 513, and the large-sized material and the small-sized material in the straight tube part of the converging part 513 are alternately arranged because the small-sized material and the large-sized material in the first discharging part 511 are randomly converged into the converging part 513. Preferably, the bottoms of the first discharging portion 511 and the second discharging portion 512 are respectively provided with a drawable gate, for example, the lower ends of the side walls of the first discharging portion 511 and the second discharging portion 512 are respectively provided with a through groove, the gate penetrates through the corresponding through grooves, the gate is drawn to the outside, the first discharging portion 511 and the second discharging portion 512 can discharge materials to the converging portion 513, the gate is fed to the inside, and the gate captures materials in the first discharging portion 511 and the second discharging portion 512. When the molten pool 11 is filled with the material, the material in the first discharging part 511 and the second discharging part 512 is trapped by the flashboard, and when the material is trapped, the material cannot enter the converging part 513, so that the material stops being added into the molten pool 11, the refining period of brown corundum is started, and the refining period is kept at a certain temperature, so that the raw materials are fully reacted to generate the brown corundum with high purity. Naturally, a drawable shutter may be disposed at the converging portion 513 to achieve the effect of intercepting the material, and the installation mode refers to the installation modes of the shutters on the first discharging portion 511 and the second discharging portion 512.
The order of the large particle size and the small particle size of the material in the straight tube portion of the confluence portion 513 may be controlled manually or by other mechanical means.
Illustratively, the angle between the connecting tube 52 and the vertical direction is 0-20 degrees, so that the material in the connecting tube 52 is accelerated to move toward the feeding tube 53 under the action of gravity.
Illustratively, the charging pipe 53 is disposed in the furnace body 1 in an inclined state or in a spirally descending state, and fig. 2 and 4 to 5 show the charging pipe 53 in an inclined state. The pipe orifice of one end of the feeding pipe 53 far away from the connecting pipe 52 is provided with a blocking piece 521, the distance between the blocking piece 521 and the inner wall of the pipe orifice of the opposite feeding pipe 53 is smaller than the grain diameter of the large grain diameter material and larger than the grain diameter of the small grain diameter material, that is, when the blocking piece 521 is arranged, the pipe diameter of the pipe orifice of one end of the feeding pipe 53 far away from the connecting pipe 52 is reduced, the pipe diameter of the end which can pass through the material is called as the effective pipe diameter of the feeding pipe 53, the large grain diameter material cannot pass through the effective pipe diameter of the feeding pipe 53, and the small grain diameter material can pass through the effective pipe diameter of the feeding pipe 53. For example, when the mouth of the filling pipe 53 is cylindrical, the block 521 is an arcuate plate, the block 521 seals a portion of the cylindrical mouth, and the arcuate plate has an edge that is matingly coupled to the arcuate inner wall of the cylindrical mouth by an arcuate edge and a straight edge. The furthest distance from the straight edge to the unconnected curved edge of the cylindrical nozzle (i.e., the effective pipe diameter of the filling pipe 53) is less than the diameter of the large spherical particulate matter and greater than the diameter of the small spherical particulate matter. The orifice of the feeding tube 53 far from the connecting tube 52 is disposed close to the electric arc 41, so that heat generated by the electric arc 41 is absorbed by the material at the orifice of the feeding tube 53, and if the large-particle-size material is blocked at the orifice of the feeding tube 53, the material in the feeding tube 53 cannot flow out through the feeding tube 53, see fig. 4; when the heat generated by the electric arc 41 is gradually absorbed by the large-grain-size material at the orifice of the charging pipe 53, the large-grain-size material is gradually melted and becomes smaller in size, and can pass through the orifice of the charging pipe 53, the melted large-grain-size material and the small-grain-size material behind the melted large-grain-size material flow out of the charging pipe 53 and flow to the molten pool 11 to be melted and smelted, and when the blocking piece 521 at the orifice of the charging pipe 53 blocks the new unmelted large-grain-size material, the charging is stopped. In the above process, although the nozzle of the feeding tube 53 far from the connecting tube 52 is disposed close to the arc 41, after all, a certain distance is provided between the nozzle of the feeding tube 53 and the nozzle of the arc 41, and since the feeding tube 53 is located above the arc 41, the further from the arc 41, the lower the temperature is, only the material at the nozzle of the feeding tube 53 can be melted to flow out of the nozzle of the feeding tube 53, so that the working process of fig. 4-6 occurs, and the black arrow direction in fig. 4 is the movement direction of the large-particle-size material and the small-particle-size material. The mouth of the filling pipe 53 remote from the connecting pipe 52 is disposed towards the impact resistance device 6.
Illustratively, referring to fig. 7, the feeding tube 53 is a double-layered tube, which includes an outer layer tube 531 and an inner layer tube 532, wherein the inner layer tube 532 is sleeved inside the outer layer tube 531, a distance is provided between the outer layer tube 531 and the inner layer tube 532, and the inner layer tube 532 is capable of freely moving relative to the outer layer tube 531. The blocking piece 521 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the pipe orifice of the outer pipe 531, the blocking piece 521 can block the inner pipe 532, so that the inner pipe 532 cannot slide out of the outer pipe 531, for example, the pipe orifice diameter of the inner pipe 532 is set to be larger than the farthest distance of the edge of the outer pipe 531, to which the blocking piece 521 is not connected, of the blocking piece 521, the pipe orifice diameter of the inner pipe 532 is set to be smaller than the diameter of the outer pipe 531, and the pipe orifice diameter of the inner pipe 532 is set to be larger than the particle diameter of the large-particle-size material. The outer tube 531 is connected to the connection tube 52. Because there is a gap between the inner layer pipe 532 and the outer layer pipe 531, the gas generated by melting the material in the molten pool 11 can enter the gap between the inner layer pipe 532 and the outer layer pipe 531, and the gas is provided with heat, so that the material in the inner layer pipe 532 can be preheated to a certain extent, and the gas and heat recycling means are provided, and the material in the inner layer pipe 532 is far away from the electric arc 41, so that the material cannot be melted. On the other hand, the gas entering the gap between the inner layer pipe 532 and the outer layer pipe 531 has a supporting effect on the inner layer pipe 532, so that the inner layer pipe 532 is in a semi-suspended state or a micro-shaking state, and the vibration, collision and speed reduction can be performed on the materials in the inner layer pipe 532.
In order to achieve a better exhaust effect, the side wall of the material compensating tank 51 is provided with a waste outlet, and the gas entering the gap between the inner layer pipe 532 and the outer layer pipe 531 or the gas entering the inner layer pipe 532 can float upwards and be exhausted through the waste outlet, so that most of the heat of the gas is transferred to the material to be melted in the inner layer pipe 532, and then less escapes to the environment.
It should be noted that the waste discharge port and the exhaust port may be provided with a waste gas treatment device of the prior art, so as to avoid the waste gas polluting the environment.
Referring to fig. 4 to 6 and 8 to 9, the impact resistance device 6 includes a movable portion 61, a blocking portion 62 and a countermeasure portion 63, the inner wall of the furnace body 1 is provided with a through channel 13, the movable portion 61 is disposed through the through channel 13 and is movable in the through channel 13, one end of the movable portion 61 is fixedly connected with the blocking portion 62, the other end of the movable portion 61 is fixedly connected with the countermeasure portion 63, and the blocking portion 62 and the countermeasure portion 63 are both located in the furnace body 1, wherein a nozzle of the charging pipe 53 far from the connecting pipe 52 is opposite to the countermeasure portion 63. The material flowing out of the feeding pipe 53 flows to and impacts the countermeasure 63, the countermeasure 63 moves close to the inner wall of the furnace body 1, and then drives the movable part 61 and the blocking part 62 to move, the movement energy of the material is reduced in the impact process, and when the material flowing out of the feeding pipe 53 enters the molten pool 11, the speed is weakened, the possibility of splashing liquid is reduced, and the safety is improved. When no material hits the countermeasure 63, the countermeasure 63 moves downward under the action of gravity, and the blocking portion 62 blocks the through passage 13, preventing the movable portion 61 from falling.
Illustratively, the movable portion 61 is an arc-shaped plate, the through passage 13 is an arc-shaped hole, the through passage 13 has two openings in the interior of the furnace body 1, the blocking portion 62 corresponds to one opening, and the opposing portion 63 corresponds to one opening. The blocking portion 62 and the opposing portion 63 are both plate-shaped.
Illustratively, the weight of the end of the movable portion 61 connected to the counter portion 63 is greater than the weight of the other end of the movable portion 61, and the weight of the counter portion 63 is greater than the weight of the blocking portion 62, which is referred to as a heavy end 611, so that the weight of the end of the movable portion 61 connected to the counter portion 63 is greater, and the blocking portion 62 and the counter portion 63 are conveniently dropped when no impact is applied.
It should be noted that, each group of the feeding device 5 and the impact-resistant device 6 is provided with one electrode 4. The three feeding devices 5 are distributed in an equilateral triangle, the three impact-resistant devices 6 are also distributed in an equilateral triangle, and the feeding devices 5 and the impact-resistant devices 6 of each group work simultaneously, so that the added materials in the molten pool 11 are basically uniformly distributed, the heat energy can be effectively utilized, and the smelting efficiency is further improved.
The molten pool 11 is covered with a cover, and the electrode 4, the feeding device 5 and the impact-resistant device 6 are all arranged through the cover on the molten pool 11.
Based on the principle, the invention also provides a method for smelting brown fused alumina, which comprises the following steps:
first, raw materials are prepared
The raw materials comprise dehydrated bauxite, carbon powder and scrap iron;
preparing raw materials according to mass calculation results of formulas (I) - (II):
（I）
（II）
in the formulae (I) - (II), siO 2 % represents SiO in dehydrated bauxite 2 Mass percent of Fe 2 O 3 % represents Fe in dehydrated bauxite 2 O 3 Mass percent of TiO 2 % represents TiO in dehydrated bauxite 2 C% represents the mass of carbon element in carbon powderThe percentage of Fe% represents the mass percentage of iron element in scrap iron, and K is 4.5-6.5;
note that in this step, the raw materials are prepared and are not mixed.
Second, pelletizing
The scrap iron raw materials are crushed into powder below 100 mu m, the powder is pressed into big balls, the big balls are used as the large-particle-size materials, because the scrap iron contains impurities, the melting temperature is lower than that of simple substance iron, and the scrap iron can be melted at about 1300 ℃, the materials of the feeding device 5 meeting the use requirements can be conveniently found, for example, the feeding device 5 is prepared by adopting high-temperature resistant steel.
The dehydrated bauxite and the carbon powder are mixed and crushed into powder with the particle diameter of less than 100 mu m, and then the powder is pressed into small balls which are used as the materials with the small particle diameter, and the melting temperature of the small balls prepared by mixing the materials is higher (about 2000 ℃) so as to meet the purpose of controlling the feeding speed.
Third, smelting
And placing the large-grain-size material and the small-grain-size material into the brown fused alumina smelting device for smelting.
It should be noted that, the connection relationships of the components not specifically mentioned in the present invention are all default to the prior art, and the connection relationships of the structures are not described in detail because they do not relate to the invention points and are common applications of the prior art.
It should be noted that, when numerical ranges are referred to in the present invention, it should be understood that two endpoints of each numerical range and any numerical value between the two endpoints are optional, and because the adopted step method is the same as the embodiment, in order to prevent redundancy, the present invention describes a preferred embodiment. While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. It is therefore intended that the following claims be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention also include such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a smelt brown fused alumina's device, includes electric arc furnace structure, electric arc furnace structure includes furnace body (1) and lid closes furnace lid (2) at furnace body (1) top, install electrode holder (3) on furnace lid (2), electrode holder (3) centre gripping electrode (4), electrode (4) run through furnace lid (2) set up, electrode (4) are located one end outside furnace body (1) is used for the electricity to connect the power, electrode (4) are located one end in furnace body (1) is used for producing electric arc (41), be located in furnace body (1) below department of electrode (4) is equipped with molten pool (11), its characterized in that still includes feed supplement device (5);
the feeding device (5) comprises a feeding tank (51), a connecting pipe (52) and a feeding pipe (53) which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom and are sequentially connected and communicated, the feeding tank (51) is positioned outside the furnace body (1) and the furnace cover (2), the connecting pipe (52) penetrates through the furnace body (1) or the furnace cover (2), the feeding pipe (53) is positioned inside the furnace body (1), and a pipe orifice at one end, far away from the connecting pipe (52), of the feeding pipe (53) is positioned above the molten pool (11);
crushing and ball pressing raw materials for smelting brown fused alumina to obtain spherical materials, wherein the spherical materials are divided into two specifications of large-grain size and small-grain size, the large-grain size materials and the small-grain size materials are arranged in a staggered mode in the feeding pipe (53), a blocking block (521) is arranged at a pipe orifice of one end of the feeding pipe (53) far away from the connecting pipe (52), and the distance from the blocking block (521) to the inner wall of the pipe orifice of the feeding pipe (53) opposite to the blocking block is smaller than the grain size of the large-grain size materials and larger than the grain size of the small-grain size materials.
2. The brown fused alumina smelting device according to claim 1, wherein the joint of the replenishing tank (51) and the connecting pipe (52) is positioned at the bottom of the replenishing tank (51).
3. The device for smelting brown fused alumina according to claim 2, wherein the material replenishing tank (51) comprises a first discharging part (511), a second discharging part (512) and a converging part (513), the bottoms of the first discharging part (511) and the second discharging part (512) are connected and communicated with the converging part (513), small-particle-size materials are placed in the first discharging part (511), large-particle-size materials are placed in the second discharging part (512), and the converging part (513) is larger than the particle size of the large-particle-size materials and smaller than twice the particle size of the small-particle-size materials.
4. A device for smelting brown fused alumina according to claim 3, wherein the converging portion (513) is funnel-shaped and comprises a round table portion and a straight barrel portion which are connected together, the round table portion is connected and communicated with the bottoms of the first discharging portion (511) and the second discharging portion (512), and the size of the straight barrel portion is larger than the particle size of the large-particle-size material and smaller than twice the particle size of the small-particle-size material.
5. The apparatus for smelting brown fused alumina according to claim 4, wherein the feeding tube (53) is provided in the furnace body (1) in an inclined state or in a spirally descending state.
6. The device for smelting brown fused alumina according to claim 5, wherein the feeding tube (53) comprises an outer tube (531) and an inner tube (532), the inner tube (532) is sleeved inside the outer tube (531), a distance is reserved between the outer tube (531) and the inner tube (532), the inner tube (532) can freely move relative to the outer tube (531), the blocking piece (521) is connected to the inner wall of an end tube opening of the outer tube (531) far away from the connecting tube (52), the blocking piece (521) can block the inner tube (532) so that the inner tube (532) cannot slide out of the outer tube (531), and the outer tube (531) is connected with the connecting tube (52).
7. The brown fused alumina smelting device according to claim 6, wherein the side wall of the replenishing tank (51) is provided with a waste discharge port.
8. The device for smelting brown fused alumina according to claim 1, further comprising an impact resistant device (6), wherein the impact resistant device (6) is opposite to the orifice of the feeding tube (53) remote from the connecting tube (52), and the material coming out of the feeding tube (53) can strike against the impact resistant device (6).
9. The brown fused alumina smelting device according to claim 8, wherein the impact resistant device (6) comprises a movable part (61), a blocking part (62) and a resisting part (63), a through passage (13) is formed in the inner wall of the furnace body (1), the movable part (61) penetrates through the through passage (13) and can move in the through passage (13), one end of the movable part (61) is connected with the blocking part (62), the other end of the movable part (61) is connected with the resisting part (63), the blocking part (62) and the resisting part (63) are both positioned in the furnace body (1) and outside the through passage (13), a pipe orifice of the feeding pipe (53) far away from the connecting pipe (52) is opposite to the resisting part (63), and the material flowing out of the feeding pipe (53) flows to and impacts the resisting part (63).
10. A method for smelting brown fused alumina using the apparatus of claim 1, comprising:
first, raw materials are prepared
The raw materials comprise dehydrated bauxite, carbon powder and scrap iron;
preparing the raw materials according to the formulas (I) - (II):
（I）
（II）
in the formulae (I) - (II), siO 2 % represents SiO in dehydrated bauxite 2 Mass percent of Fe 2 O 3 % represents Fe in dehydrated bauxite 2 O 3 Mass percent of TiO 2 % represents TiO in dehydrated bauxite 2 C% represents the mass percentage of carbon element in carbon powder, fe% represents the mass percentage of iron element in scrap iron, and K is 4.5-6.5;
second, pelletizing
Crushing scrap iron raw materials into powder with the particle size of less than 100 mu m, and pressing the powder into big balls which are used as materials with the large particle size;
mixing dehydrated bauxite and carbon powder, crushing into powder with the particle diameter of less than 100 mu m, and pressing into small balls which are used as materials with the small particle diameter;
third, smelting
And placing the materials with large grain size and the materials with small grain size into the brown fused alumina smelting device for smelting.
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| CN116907204B (en) | 2023-11-28 |
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