CN116906046B - Working surface fault passing method based on coal field geological exploration - Google Patents
Working surface fault passing method based on coal field geological exploration Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 230000008093 supporting effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/18—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for brown or hard coal
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
- E21D11/15—Plate linings; Laggings, i.e. linings designed for holding back formation material or for transmitting the load to main supporting members
- E21D11/152—Laggings made of grids or nettings
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of coal field geological exploration and coal recovery, and particularly relates to a working face fault passing method based on coal field geological exploration. The method comprises the steps of performing geological exploration on a coal field to determine that a fault is a pagoda-shaped large-break-distance fault; arranging the faults in a working face, arranging the extraction direction of the working face to be basically vertical to the extension direction of the fault plane or form a large included angle, driving the extraction roadways at two sides of the working face and connecting the extraction roadways through cutting holes, wherein the cutting holes are arranged at the high side of the faults; drilling holes in the fault construction, wherein the holes penetrate through old tops on two sides of the fault, after drilling, the old tops on two sides of the fault are connected through a pipe, grouting is conducted in the fault from the pipe, and a supporting layer with a certain thickness is formed in the pipe area; and (5) stoping the working face, namely stoping the high-order side of the self-fault to the low-order side of the self-fault. The invention can improve the diversity of the layout and the exploitation planning of the coal face, is beneficial to improving the overall economy and the production benefit, can reduce the reserved fault protection coal pillars, improves the recovery rate and saves the resources.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of coal field geological exploration and coal recovery, and particularly relates to a working face fault passing method based on coal field geological exploration.
Background
The method comprises the steps of carrying out full geological exploration on mineral resources such as coal before exploitation, wherein the geological exploration comprises exploration on the mineral resources such as coal and the like, and is used for determining parameters such as distribution, thickness, inclination angle and the like of the mineral resources such as coal, and exploration on geological structures such as faults and folds, and carrying out exploitation layout and exploitation planning on the mineral resources such as coal and the like based on the geological exploration. The faults are important geological structures affecting the arrangement of the coal face, and the faults can cause the coal layers and rock strata on two sides of the faults to generate staggered layers. The fracture distance refers to the distance that two rock masses of a fault slide relatively along a fault plane, when the fracture distance of the fault is smaller, namely, coal beds on two sides of the fault are staggered, the influence of the fault on coal recovery can be ignored, and the fault can be basically ignored when the working plane is arranged. However, when the fault interval is large (especially when the fault inclination angle is also large), that is, when the distance between two staggered coal layers is long, the fault is generally avoided when a protective coal pillar jump mining or a designed working surface is reserved at the fault, which affects the layout and mining planning of the coal mining working surface in the whole coal field and also causes resource waste.
In this regard, the inventor considers that for faults with large breaking distances, the characteristics of the faults should be clear, such as funnel-shaped, pagoda-shaped or parallel-shaped (two fault planes are parallel), and for some types of faults, certain technical measures can be taken to improve the possibility of the faults with the large breaking distances of the coal face directly, so that the diversity of the layout and exploitation planning of the coal face in a coal field can be improved, the overall economic and production benefits are improved, the reserving of fault protection coal pillars can be reduced, the recovery rate is improved, and the resources are saved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem that a working face cannot be subjected to overlarge fault distance, the invention provides a working face fault passing method based on coal field geological exploration, which can improve the diversity of the layout and exploitation planning of a coal face in a coal field and improve the recovery rate, and specifically comprises the following steps:
a step of: performing geological exploration of a coal field, and executing subsequent steps when determining that the fault is a pagoda-shaped large-break fault based on the exploration;
two steps: arranging faults in a working face, arranging the extraction direction of the working face to be basically vertical to the extension direction of a fault plane or form a large included angle, driving the extraction roadways at two sides of the working face and connecting the extraction roadways through cutting holes, wherein the cutting holes are arranged at one high side of the faults;
three steps: drilling holes to the fault construction, wherein the holes penetrate through the old tops at two sides of the fault, after the drilling holes are finished, the old tops at two sides of the fault are connected by using a perforated pipe, two ends of the perforated pipe are respectively positioned in the old tops at two sides of the fault, grouting is carried out from the perforated pipe into the fault, and a supporting layer with a certain thickness is formed in a perforated pipe area;
and four, stoping the working face, namely stoping the high-order side of the self-fault to the low-order side of the self-fault.
Preferably, in one step, the large breaking distance means that the sinking amount of the old roof after coal mining is smaller than the breaking distance of the fault in the vertical direction.
Preferably, in the two steps, the stope is obliquely arranged near the fault, and the rest positions are arranged in the coal seam.
Preferably, in the three steps, a middle roadway is arranged in the working face in parallel to the plane extending direction of the fault, the middle roadway is arranged on one side of the low position of the fault, drilling is conducted from the middle roadway to the fault, and grouting is conducted from the middle roadway to the fault through the bare hole and the flower pipe in sequence.
Preferably, in the three steps, the drilling construction is performed in two or more layers.
Preferably, in the three steps, other rock layers with large thickness and large hardness are searched for at the top of the old roof, and the supporting layer is constructed on the other rock layers with large thickness and large hardness by adopting the same construction method as the old roof.
Preferably, in the three steps, each layer of drilling holes at the fault adopts a scheme that the perforated pipes and the common steel pipes are arranged at intervals.
Preferably, in the three steps, the bottom layer drilling at the fault adopts a common steel pipe, the upper layer adopts a flower pipe, and grouting is carried out only through the flower pipe at the upper layer.
Preferably, in the four steps, the working surface is isolated from broken rock in the fracture layer above the working surface by a metal net.
Preferably, in the four steps, when the mining is carried out to approach the fault, a metal net is paved between the top beam of the hydraulic support and the top plate of the coal seam, the free end of the metal net is tightly attached to the lower surface of the top beam, the top plate which is suspended is supported by the protection top beam in a supporting manner before the hydraulic support is moved after the coal mining machine is used for mining, the metal net is paved on the suspended top plate and is positioned between the top plate and the top beam of the hydraulic support, then the hydraulic support is moved, the protection top beam is retracted, and meanwhile, the metal net is continuously connected at the free end of the metal net until the whole fault is mined.
The key means and beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the working face fault passing method based on coal field geological exploration is suitable for pagoda faults, and the quantity of broken rock blocks in the fault layer at the upper part of the working face is limited and controllable. Broken rock blocks in the fault of the upper portion of the old roof are isolated from the working face through the supporting layer, and when the supporting layer is formed by grouting, broken blocks in the fault between the supporting layer and the working face can be reinforced by downward flow of slurry, the broken rock blocks in the fault are reduced to enter the working face, and particularly the danger that broken blocks in the fault are subjected to working face can be further reduced after a metal net is paved. The invention can improve the diversity of the layout and mining planning of the coal face in the coal field, is beneficial to improving the overall economy and production benefit, can reduce the reserved fault protection coal pillars, improves the recovery rate and saves resources.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a large-break-distance pagoda-shaped fault in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of a working surface fault passing method based on coal field geological exploration according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a working surface before three-step grouting according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a working surface after forming a supporting layer by three-step grouting in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a cross-fault section of a working surface when the working surface is taken to a fault in a four-step embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a mechanism of a pagoda fault with an excessive breaking distance of a coal face;
in the figure, a coal seam 1, an old roof 2, a fault 3, a stoping roadway 4, a middle roadway 5, a pipe section 61, a bare hole section 62, a supporting layer 63, a goaf 7 and a working face 8.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the invention.
1-5, the working face fault passing method based on coal field geological exploration comprises the following steps:
a step of: performing coal field geological exploration, and judging the type of the large-break fault 3 based on the exploration; the large-break fault can be divided into pagoda shapes, as shown in figure 1, the upper parts of two fault surfaces of the fault 3 are intersected, the lower parts are separated, and the opening degree is continuously increased; parallel, namely that the two fault surfaces of the fault 3 are mutually parallel up and down; the funnel shape refers to that the lower parts of the two fault surfaces of the fault 3 are intersected and the upper parts are separated, and the opening degree is continuously increased; the large breaking distance refers to the thickness of the coal seam 1 (namely the subsidence of the old roof 2 after the coal seam 1 is mined) which is smaller than the breaking distance of a fault in the vertical direction (smaller than the spacing of the same rock layers on two sides of the fault in the vertical direction) by subtracting the accumulated thickness of the collapse zone due to broken expansion; taking the old roof 2 as an example, after the coal bed 1 is mined back to the position of the fault 3, the rock stratum on one side of the fault collapses and the rock stratum on the other side does not collapse, wherein the height of the old roof 2 on the collapse side is basically equal to the mining height of the coal bed minus the thickness of the collapse zone increased by accumulation of broken and expanded coal, and the height of the old roof 2 on the collapse side is still higher than that of the old roof 2 on the non-collapse side after the old roof is collapsed. The large breaking distance pagoda-shaped fault working face can be directly pushed through by adopting certain measures without reserving a protective coal pillar for jump mining;
two steps: as shown in fig. 2-3, the working surface 8 is normally arranged, the fault 3 can be arranged in the working surface 8, and preferably the working surface extraction direction is arranged to be basically perpendicular to the extending direction of the fault plane, or a large included angle is formed, that is, when the working surface 8 extracts to the fault 3, the fault can pass through the working surface in a short time as once as possible. The coal mining method comprises the following steps that extraction roadways 4 are arranged on two sides of a tunneling working face and are connected through a cutting hole 10, the cutting hole 10 is arranged on one high side of a fault, the extraction roadways 4 are obliquely arranged near the fault, the rest positions are arranged in a coal seam 1, and the length of an obliquely arranged section of the extraction roadway 4 is arranged as short as possible according to the mining inclination angle which can be born by coal mining equipment so as to improve the coal extraction rate;
three steps: as shown in fig. 2-4, a central tunnel 5 is arranged in the working face 8 parallel to the plane extension direction of the fault 3, the length of the central tunnel 5 is matched with the length of the fault 3 in the working face 8, and the central tunnel 5 is arranged on the lower side of the fault and at a certain distance from the fault 3. The drilling is constructed from the middle roadway 5 to the fault 3, the drilling penetrates through the old tops 2 on two sides of the fault, two or more layers of drilling holes are preferably arranged, after the drilling is finished, the old tops 2 on two sides of the fault 3 are connected through a pipe, namely, two ends of the pipe are respectively located inside the old tops on two sides of the fault, the drilling holes outside the pipe section 61 form a naked hole section 62, grouting is sequentially conducted from the middle roadway 5 to the fault through the naked hole section 62 and the pipe section 61, a supporting layer 63 with a certain thickness is formed in the pipe section area, and the supporting layer 63 is used for connecting the old tops 2 on two sides of the fault and isolating the fault 2 up and down.
When the development height of the fault is relatively large, other rock formations with large thickness and large hardness can be found at the upper part of the old roof, and the supporting layer 63 is constructed on the one or more rock formations with large thickness and large hardness by adopting the same construction method as the old roof.
When the supporting layer 63 is constructed, the flower pipe sections 61 do not need to be completely provided with flower pipes, and a scheme of arranging the flower pipes and the common steel pipes at intervals can be adopted to improve the supporting capability of the supporting layer 63.
In order to reduce the grouting amount and ensure the strength of the supporting layer, the lower layer of the pipe section 61 adopts a common steel pipe, the upper layer adopts a pipe, grouting is carried out only through the pipe on the upper layer, and the lower layer of the common steel pipe can reduce the downward loss of grouting slurry while improving the strength of the supporting layer.
And four steps, as shown in fig. 5, carrying out stoping on a working face 8, stoping from the high-level side of a fault to the low-level side of the fault, paving a metal net between a hydraulic support top beam and a coal seam top plate when stoping to be close to the fault 2, tightly attaching the free end of the metal net to the lower surface of the top beam, extending a protective top beam in time to support the suspended top plate before moving the hydraulic support after coal mining of the coal mining machine, paving the metal net at the suspended top plate and between the top plate and the hydraulic support top beam by the protective top beam, then moving the hydraulic support, retracting the protective top beam, and simultaneously continuously connecting the metal net at the free end of the metal net until the whole fault is adopted, wherein the purpose of setting the metal net is to isolate the working face from broken rock blocks in the broken layer at the upper part of the metal net, and prevent the broken rock blocks in the broken layer from largely falling into the working face.
The mechanism of the excessive breaking distance pagoda fault of the coal face of the invention is described with reference to fig. 5-6, for the pagoda fault 2, the upper parts of the two fault faces of the fault are intersected and meshed with the lower part, the opening degree is continuously increased, the quantity of broken rock blocks in the upper fault face of the working face is limited even if the fault is forced, the quantity can be estimated, when the breaking distance is large, the broken rock blocks in the upper fault face of the old roof are isolated from the working face by arranging the supporting layer 63, and the slurry flows downwards while grouting to form the supporting layer, so that broken blocks in the fault between the supporting layer and the working face can be reinforced, the danger that the broken rock blocks in the fault enter the working face can be reduced, and particularly, the danger that the broken blocks in the fault enter the working face can be further reduced after a metal net is paved.
According to the mining method, firstly, the high-level side of the fault is mined, then the low-level side of the fault is mined, meanwhile, the limit on the fault with a large breaking distance is met, after the working face is pushed to pass through the high-level side of the fault, the supporting layer 63 can still play a supporting role after the old roof falls down, as shown in fig. 6, the fault face on the high-level side is abde before falling down and becomes a ' b ' -de, (a ' b ' is disconnected with de), the supporting layer is changed from bc to b ' c, and as the breaking distance of the fault is limited in one step, b ' c is necessarily smaller than bc, the supporting layer 63 can still play a supporting role, and if b ' c is larger than bc, the length of the supporting layer 63 can not be connected with the left end and the right end of the fault, the isolating role can not be achieved, and broken blocks in the fault face can be caused to enter the working face, and the safety of the working face is affected.
In addition, after the pagoda-shaped fault is mined in the high-level side coal seam, the high-level side section ab of the fault moves downwards to be changed into a section a 'b', the supporting layer bc is extruded to be changed into a section b 'c, the fault space above the supporting layer bc is reduced, namely, the fault space above the supporting layer b' c is smaller than the fault space above the supporting layer bc, and even if gaps exist in broken rock blocks in the original fault space above the supporting layer bc, the supporting capability for the section a 'b' can be ensured after the supporting layer bc is extruded. Even if the fault space above the supporting layer b 'c and the fault space above the supporting layer bc are not considered, broken rock blocks in the upper fault space cannot continuously fall down to form aggregation under the supporting effect of the supporting layer b' c, so that the supporting capability is provided for the section a 'b'. If the supporting layer bc (or the supporting layer b ' c) is not provided, a large amount of broken rock blocks in the broken layer may subside downwards, so that effective support on the section a ' b ' cannot be provided, and the broken layer high-side rock stratum is caused to suddenly and rapidly subside, which is not beneficial to control of the mining pressure of the working face and safety production.
It will be appreciated that the technical solution of the present invention may also be applicable to parallel faults meeting one-step conditions, but the effect is inferior to a pagoda shape due to the lack of top occlusion between faults, and for funnel shapes, the inventors will continue to conduct related studies later.
Claims (5)
1. A working face fault passing method based on coal field geological exploration is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a step of: performing geological exploration of a coal field, and executing subsequent steps when determining that the fault is a pagoda-shaped large-break fault based on the exploration; the large breaking distance means that the sinking amount of the old roof after coal seam mining is smaller than the breaking distance of a fault in the vertical direction;
two steps: arranging faults in a working face, arranging the extraction direction of the working face to be basically vertical to the extension direction of a fault plane or form a large included angle, driving the extraction roadways at two sides of the working face and connecting the extraction roadways through cutting holes, wherein the cutting holes are arranged at one high side of the faults; the stope roadway is obliquely arranged near a fault, and the rest positions are arranged in a coal seam;
three steps: drilling holes to the fault construction, wherein the holes penetrate through the old tops at two sides of the fault, after the drilling holes are finished, the old tops at two sides of the fault are connected by using a perforated pipe, two ends of the perforated pipe are respectively positioned in the old tops at two sides of the fault, grouting is carried out from the perforated pipe into the fault, and a supporting layer with a certain thickness is formed in a perforated pipe area;
each layer of drilling holes at the fault adopts a scheme that the perforated pipes and the common steel pipes are arranged at intervals, or the bottom layer of drilling holes at the fault adopts the common steel pipes, and the upper layer of drilling holes adopts the perforated pipes, and grouting is carried out only through the perforated pipes at the upper layer;
and four, stoping the working face, namely separating the working face from broken rock blocks in the fracture layer at the upper part of the working face through a metal net, and stoping the working face from the high-position side of the fracture to the low-position side of the fracture.
2. The working surface fault passing method according to claim 1, wherein in the three steps, a middle tunnel is arranged in the working surface in parallel to the plane extending direction of the fault, the middle tunnel is arranged on the lower side of the fault, a drilling hole is constructed from the middle tunnel to the fault, and grouting is carried out from the middle tunnel to the fault through a bare hole and a flower pipe sequentially.
3. The face passing fault method of claim 2, wherein in three steps, the drilling is performed in two or more layers.
4. A working surface fault passing method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein in the three steps, other rock formations with large thickness and large hardness are found at the top of the old roof, and the supporting layer is constructed on the other rock formations with large thickness and large hardness by adopting the same construction method as the old roof.
5. The method of working surface fault passing according to claim 1, wherein in four steps, when the mining is carried out to the position close to the fault, a metal net is laid between the top beam of the hydraulic support and the top plate of the coal seam, the free end of the metal net is tightly attached to the lower surface of the top beam, before the hydraulic support is moved after the coal mining machine is used for mining, the top guard beam is extended in time to support the suspended top plate, the metal net is laid at the suspended top plate and between the top plate and the top beam of the hydraulic support, then the hydraulic support is moved, the top guard beam is retracted, and meanwhile, the metal net is continuously connected at the free end of the metal net until the whole fault is mined.
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| CN202310926643.8A CN116906046B (en) | 2023-07-27 | 2023-07-27 | Working surface fault passing method based on coal field geological exploration |
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| CN202310926643.8A CN116906046B (en) | 2023-07-27 | 2023-07-27 | Working surface fault passing method based on coal field geological exploration |
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| CN102758630A (en) * | 2012-07-27 | 2012-10-31 | 山东科技大学 | Method for extracting part of fault protection coal pillars |
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| CN112412532A (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2021-02-26 | 陕西旬邑青岗坪矿业有限公司 | Advanced prevention and control method for water damage of fault roof of working face |
| CN114294018A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-04-08 | 中国矿业大学 | Method for rapid passing of advanced dense top protection layer grouting in loose slip region |
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2023
- 2023-07-27 CN CN202310926643.8A patent/CN116906046B/en active Active
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102758630A (en) * | 2012-07-27 | 2012-10-31 | 山东科技大学 | Method for extracting part of fault protection coal pillars |
| CN105587319A (en) * | 2016-01-11 | 2016-05-18 | 淮南矿业(集团)有限责任公司 | Large-mining-height fully mechanized coal working face fast top rock breaking crossing fault method |
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| CN114294018A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-04-08 | 中国矿业大学 | Method for rapid passing of advanced dense top protection layer grouting in loose slip region |
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| CN116906046A (en) | 2023-10-20 |
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