CN116904909A - 热障涂层 - Google Patents
热障涂层 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN116904909A CN116904909A CN202310388301.5A CN202310388301A CN116904909A CN 116904909 A CN116904909 A CN 116904909A CN 202310388301 A CN202310388301 A CN 202310388301A CN 116904909 A CN116904909 A CN 116904909A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- thermal barrier
- barrier coating
- coating
- spherical particles
- thermal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000012720 thermal barrier coating Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000007750 plasma spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007850 fluorescent dye Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229910001233 yttria-stabilized zirconia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910002076 stabilized zirconia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 6
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium(III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Y+3].[Y+3] RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 4
- UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium atom Chemical compound [Gd] UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000449 hafnium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- WIHZLLGSGQNAGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium(4+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Hf+4] WIHZLLGSGQNAGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011153 ceramic matrix composite Substances 0.000 description 3
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IKNAJTLCCWPIQD-UHFFFAOYSA-K cerium(3+);lanthanum(3+);neodymium(3+);oxygen(2-);phosphate Chemical group [O-2].[La+3].[Ce+3].[Nd+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O IKNAJTLCCWPIQD-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000003269 fluorescent indicator Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium atom Chemical compound [Sm] KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000951 Aluminide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910002086 ceria-stabilized zirconia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dysprosium atom Chemical compound [Dy] KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N erbium Chemical compound [Er] UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VQCBHWLJZDBHOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N erbium(iii) oxide Chemical compound O=[Er]O[Er]=O VQCBHWLJZDBHOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N europium atom Chemical compound [Eu] OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052590 monazite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PLDDOISOJJCEMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nd+3].[Nd+3] PLDDOISOJJCEMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium atom Chemical compound [Tb] GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005382 thermal cycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910017119 AlPO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000588731 Hafnia Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910052689 Holmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021193 La 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052765 Lutetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052773 Promethium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Raney nickel Chemical compound [Al].[Ni] NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052775 Thulium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WMOHXRDWCVHXGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N [La].[Ce] Chemical compound [La].[Ce] WMOHXRDWCVHXGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WZECUPJJEIXUKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[U+6] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[U+6] WZECUPJJEIXUKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052768 actinide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001255 actinides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910002087 alumina-stabilized zirconia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002084 calcia-stabilized zirconia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005465 channeling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005137 deposition process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003440 dysprosium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NLQFUUYNQFMIJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dysprosium(iii) oxide Chemical compound O=[Dy]O[Dy]=O NLQFUUYNQFMIJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- HHFAWKCIHAUFRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxide Chemical compound CC[O-] HHFAWKCIHAUFRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001940 europium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AEBZCFFCDTZXHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N europium(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Eu+3].[Eu+3] AEBZCFFCDTZXHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001938 gadolinium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940075613 gadolinium oxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CMIHHWBVHJVIGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Gd+3].[Gd+3] CMIHHWBVHJVIGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CJNBYAVZURUTKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Hf]=O CJNBYAVZURUTKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000856 hastalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJZYNXUDTRRSPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N holmium atom Chemical compound [Ho] KJZYNXUDTRRSPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 lanthanide aluminates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OHSVLFRHMCKCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N lutetium atom Chemical compound [Lu] OHSVLFRHMCKCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002085 magnesia-stabilized zirconia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000907 nickel aluminide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960003903 oxygen Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MMKQUGHLEMYQSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);praseodymium(3+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Pr+3].[Pr+3] MMKQUGHLEMYQSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UZLYXNNZYFBAQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);ytterbium(3+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Yb+3].[Yb+3] UZLYXNNZYFBAQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003447 praseodymium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035755 proliferation Effects 0.000 description 1
- VQMWBBYLQSCNPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N promethium atom Chemical compound [Pm] VQMWBBYLQSCNPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001141 propulsive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001173 rene N5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001954 samarium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940075630 samarium oxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FKTOIHSPIPYAPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Sm+3].[Sm+3] FKTOIHSPIPYAPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021332 silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicide(4-) Chemical compound [Si-4] FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021647 smectite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002230 thermal chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007751 thermal spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- FRNOGLGSGLTDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N thulium atom Chemical compound [Tm] FRNOGLGSGLTDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000439 uranium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ytterbium Chemical compound [Yb] NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003454 ytterbium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940075624 ytterbium oxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D1/02—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying
- B05D1/12—Applying particulate materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/08—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials
- C09K11/0805—Chalcogenides
- C09K11/0822—Chalcogenides with rare earth metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/04—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/04—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material
- C23C28/042—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material including a refractory ceramic layer, e.g. refractory metal oxides, ZrO2, rare earth oxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
- C23C28/32—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer
- C23C28/321—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer with at least one metal alloy layer
- C23C28/3215—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer with at least one metal alloy layer at least one MCrAlX layer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
- C23C28/34—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates
- C23C28/345—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates with at least one oxide layer
- C23C28/3455—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates with at least one oxide layer with a refractory ceramic layer, e.g. refractory metal oxide, ZrO2, rare earth oxides or a thermal barrier system comprising at least one refractory oxide layer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
- C23C4/06—Metallic material
- C23C4/073—Metallic material containing MCrAl or MCrAlY alloys, where M is nickel, cobalt or iron, with or without non-metal elements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
- C23C4/10—Oxides, borides, carbides, nitrides or silicides; Mixtures thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
- C23C4/10—Oxides, borides, carbides, nitrides or silicides; Mixtures thereof
- C23C4/11—Oxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
- C23C4/129—Flame spraying
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
- C23C4/134—Plasma spraying
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/18—After-treatment
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
- F01D25/007—Preventing corrosion
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/12—Blades
- F01D5/28—Selecting particular materials; Particular measures relating thereto; Measures against erosion or corrosion
- F01D5/288—Protective coatings for blades
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D2301/00—Inorganic additives or organic salts thereof
- B05D2301/10—Phosphates, phosphoric acid or organic salts thereof
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D21/00—Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for
- F01D21/003—Arrangements for testing or measuring
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2230/00—Manufacture
- F05D2230/30—Manufacture with deposition of material
- F05D2230/31—Layer deposition
- F05D2230/312—Layer deposition by plasma spraying
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2270/00—Control
- F05D2270/80—Devices generating input signals, e.g. transducers, sensors, cameras or strain gauges
- F05D2270/804—Optical devices
- F05D2270/8041—Cameras
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
- F05D2300/10—Metals, alloys or intermetallic compounds
- F05D2300/15—Rare earth metals, i.e. Sc, Y, lanthanides
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
- F05D2300/20—Oxide or non-oxide ceramics
- F05D2300/21—Oxide ceramics
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
- F05D2300/20—Oxide or non-oxide ceramics
- F05D2300/21—Oxide ceramics
- F05D2300/2108—Phosphor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
- F05D2300/20—Oxide or non-oxide ceramics
- F05D2300/21—Oxide ceramics
- F05D2300/2118—Zirconium oxides
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
- F05D2300/20—Oxide or non-oxide ceramics
- F05D2300/22—Non-oxide ceramics
- F05D2300/228—Nitrides
- F05D2300/2282—Nitrides of boron
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
Abstract
提供涂层部件以及它们的形成方法。涂层部件可包括:具有表面的基底以及在基底表面上的热障涂层。热障涂层包括在其中的多个细长的表面连接的孔隙,其中热障涂层包括在热障材料内的多个非球形颗粒。
Description
技术领域
本发明整体涉及适用于在暴露于高温环境(比如,通过燃气涡轮发动机的热气体流动路径)的部件上的涂层体系中使用的组合物。更具体地,本发明涉及用于热障涂层(thermal barrier coating)(TBC)体系中的组合物。
背景技术
燃气涡轮发动机通常包括入口、风扇、一个以上的压缩机、燃烧器和至少一个涡轮。压缩机压缩空气,该空气被引导至燃烧器,在燃烧器中空气与燃料混合。然后将混合物点燃以产生热燃烧气体。该燃烧气体被引导至涡轮,其中,涡轮从燃烧气体中提取能量以用于驱动压缩机,以及用于产生有用功以推进飞行中的航空器或驱动负载(例如发电机)。热障涂层(TBC)在燃气涡轮发动机的部件(比如燃烧室、高压涡轮(HPT)叶片(blade)和轮叶(vane))上的使用日益增加。
发明内容
本发明提供涂层部件,所述涂层部件包括:具有表面的基底;以及
热障涂层,所述热障涂层在基底表面的至少一部分上,热障涂层包括在其中的多个细长的表面连接的孔隙,热障涂层包括在热障材料内的多个非球形颗粒。
本发明还提供在基材表面上形成涂层的方法,所述方法包括:
热等离子喷涂或室温喷涂多个非球形颗粒和热障材料的混合物,形成热障涂层,
所述热障涂层具有在其中的多个细长的表面连接的孔隙。
附图说明
在说明书中参考附图阐述了针对本领域普通技术人员的本发明的完整且能够实现的公开(包括其最佳模式),其中:
图1是根据本发明的示例性方面的示例性涂层部件(coated component)的截面示意图;
图2是根据本发明的示例性方面的另一示例性涂层部件的截面示意图;以及
图3是根据本发明的示例性方面的燃气涡轮发动机的截面图。
具体实施方式
现在将详细参考本发明的当前实施方式,其一个以上的示例在附图中示出。详细描述使用数字和字母标号来指代图中的特征。附图和描述中相同或相似的标号已用于指代本发明的相同或相似部分。
本文中所使用的用语“示例性”是指“用作示例、范例或说明”。本文中被描述为“示例性”的任何实施方式不一定被解释为比其他实施方式优选或有利。另外,除非另有特别指明,否则本文中描述的所有实施方式应当被认为是示例性的。
除非上下文另有明确规定,否则单数形式“一”、“一种”和“该/所述”包括复数指代。
例如“A、B和C中的至少一个”的上下文中的术语“至少一个”是指仅A、仅B、仅C或A、B和C的任意组合。
在本发明中,化学元素使用它们的常用化学缩写来讨论,例如在元素周期表上常见的化学缩写。例如,氢由其常用化学缩写H表示;氦由其常用化学缩写He表示;等等。
如本文所使用,“Ln”是指稀土元素或稀土元素的混合物。更具体地,“Ln”是指钪(Sc)、钇(Y)、镧(La)、铈(Ce)、镨(Pr)、钕(Nd)、钷(Pm)、钐(Sm)、铕(Eu)、钆(Gd)、铽(Tb)、镝(Dy)、钬(Ho)、铒(Er)、铥(Tm)、镱(Yb)、镥(Lu)的稀土元素或它们的混合物。
在本发明中,当层被描述为在另一层或基底“上”或“上方”时,应当理解,除非有明确相反地陈述,否则各层可以彼此直接接触或者在各层之间具有另一层或特征。因此,这些术语仅仅描述了各层彼此之间的相对位置,并不一定意味着“在······的顶部”(ontop of),这是因为上方或下方的相对位置取决于装置相对于观看者的取向。
如本文所使用,“卡尺直径”(也称为“费雷特(Feret)直径”)是沿着指定方向的物体尺寸的度量。通常,它可以被定义为两个平行平面以垂直于该指定方向限制该物体时,两个平行平面之间的距离。
如本文所使用,颗粒的“长径比(aspect ratio)”术语是指颗粒的最大卡尺直径长度除以同一颗粒的最小卡尺直径长度。例如,圆形颗粒在颗粒周围具有相等的长度,并且因此长径比为1。在另一示例中,最大量度的卡尺直径为100微米(μm)且最小量度的卡尺直径为10μm的微粒的长径比为10(即,100μm除以10μm为10)。需要说明的是,长径比与度量单位无关,这是因为只要度量单位相同的话则该式会抵消用于测量长度的特定单位。
术语“涡轮机器”或“涡轮机械”是指包括一个以上的压缩机、发热部(例如,燃烧部)和一个以上的涡轮的机器,所述涡轮一起产生扭矩输出。
术语“燃气涡轮发动机”是指具有涡轮机器作为其全部动力源或一部分动力源的发动机。示例性燃气涡轮发动机包括涡轮风扇发动机、涡轮螺旋桨发动机、涡轮喷气发动机、涡轮轴发动机等,以及这些发动机中的一种或多种的混电(hybrid-electric)版本。陶瓷热障涂层被设计成具有低热导率。为了降低热导率,可以对热障涂层进行微结构改变和组成改变。
通常,TBC的热隔离使得这样的部件能够经受较高的工作温度,提高部件耐久性,并且提高发动机可靠性。为了使TBC在其所保护的部件的整个计划生命周期内保持有效,期望TBC在部件的整个生命周期内具有低热导率,包括高温漂移(high temperatureexcursion)。此外,期望TBC具有高韧性,从而减少侵蚀和冲击对HPT的旋转部件、燃烧器部件和静态涡轮部件(例如,涡轮喷嘴)造成的损坏。低热导率TBC可以通过减少热损失并潜在地允许更高的温度操作来提高发动机效率。
可使用等离子喷涂工艺(例如,空气-等离子喷涂(APS)、悬浮液等离子喷涂(SPS)、溶液前驱体等离子喷涂(SPPS)等)来施加当前热障材料(例如,8YSZ)以在部件上形成涂层。例如,通过SPS形成的涂层可具有柱状微结构,该柱状微结构具有高孔隙率,从而导致较低的热导率,但也会限制涂层的耐侵蚀性和韧性。因此,期望TBC技术的进一步改进,特别是当TBC被用于针对要求更高的发动机设计的部件进行热隔离时。
整体地,提供涂层部件及其制造方法,所述涂层部件具有热障涂层,热障涂层包括多个细长的表面连接的孔隙。通常,不意图限制或改变多个细长的表面连接的孔隙的含义,多个细长的表面连接的孔隙可以被称为柱状微结构和/或致密、垂直开裂的微结构。特别是当柱状微结构由热障材料(比如陶瓷热障材料)形成使之包含微结构内的多个细长的表面连接的孔隙以增加循环寿命时。不希望受任何特定理论的约束,可认为,与没有柱间孔隙率的类似涂层相比,柱状微结构在用热喷涂工艺形成时会导致较低的涂层热导率。因此,涂层可以用相同的材料形成,但由于柱间孔隙率的大小和形状,具有较低的热导率。一些热障涂层不具有表面连接的孔隙,取而代之地是形成更连续的涂层,具有内部孔隙率和/或水平微裂纹。这些热障涂层可以用热喷涂技术(例如空气-等离子喷涂)或室温喷涂技术沉积,其中颗粒在室温下喷涂。虽然循环寿命不如具有柱状微结构的对比涂层那么长,但这些涂层可以被用在其中不要求最大循环寿命的发动机的各部件中。
此外,可以选择化学成分以降低材料固有的热导率。然而,这些材料中的大多数仅具有中等断裂韧性。
在特定实施方式中,热障涂层还包括热障涂层内的多个表面连接的微孔裂纹,其中表面连接的微孔裂纹中的每一个均延伸至表面或者延伸至细长的表面连接的孔隙中的一个。当存在时,表面连接的微孔裂纹在相邻的细长的表面连接的孔隙之间限定的柱状结构内产生对齐的表面连接的孔隙率。这种微结构可有助于进一步降低热导率。需要说明的是,微孔裂纹通常可以在尺寸(即,体积)上与细长的表面连接的孔隙区分开来,这是因为各微孔裂纹在尺寸上显著小于各细长的表面连接的孔隙。然而,涂层内的微孔裂纹的数量可大于细长的表面连接的孔隙的数量。
如下文更详细讨论地,热障材料内还包括多个非球形颗粒以增加所得部件的断裂韧性。在一个实施方式中,涂层可具有相对低的热导率(例如,根据ASTM E1461-13通过激光闪射法测量,在95-100%致密圆盘(dense puck)中,在1000℃下小于1.8W/m-K,比如在1000℃下为0.5W/m-K~1.5W/m-K,比如在1000℃下为0.5W/m-K~1.0W/m-K)。通常,这些组合物可用于形成具有超低热导率以及合适的韧性(例如,在95-100%致密圆盘中,压痕断裂韧性为2MPa-m0.5~3MPa-m0.5)的TBC层。
参照图1,根据本发明的一个实施方式的涂层部件100包括设置在基底120的表面115上的热障涂层110。在一个实施方式中,热障涂层110通常包括热障材料114内的多个非球形颗粒112。如本文中所使用地,术语“非球形”是指具有除球形以外的其它形状的颗粒,并且特别地是指具有比另一量度大的至少一个量度的形状。例如,非球形颗粒可具有不规则形状、椭球形状、片状形状等。多个非球形颗粒112可随机地分散在涂层内,使得热障涂层110包含大致均等分布其中的非球形颗粒112。
热障涂层110具有柱状微结构116,柱状微结构116包括表面连接的孔隙130。如图所示,孔隙130通常是细长的,例如具有大于1的长径比,该长径比按照最长深度(从表面115起到其在热障涂层110内的最深点)除以平行于表面115的孔隙130内的最大宽度进行测定。在特定实施方式中,孔隙130的长径比为10至100。不希望受任何特定理论的约束,认为这些孔隙130可通过经过一系列加热循环和冷却循环后适应涂层100上的热膨胀应变来帮助增加热障涂层110的循环寿命。在一些实施方式中,孔隙130包括基本上垂直取向(从图1中的截面视图的角度来看,其从基底120的表面115起大致垂直地延伸)的裂纹和/或颗粒边界或其它微结构特征。细长的表面连接的孔隙130可能由于用于沉积热障涂层110的沉积工艺的固有特征而存在;一些细长的表面连接的孔隙130还可能在沉积之后由于操作期间的常规磨损而形成。
在某些实施方式中,热障涂层110还可包括多个表面连接的微孔裂纹132,这些微孔裂纹132连接至表面115或连接至多个细长的表面连接的孔隙130中的至少一个。不希望受任何特定理论的束缚,认为多个表面连接的微孔裂纹132可降低热障涂层110的热导率,例如,通过分散施加至热障涂层110的热能来降低热障涂层110的热导率。通常,表面连接的微孔裂纹132的尺寸(即体积)显著小于细长的表面连接的孔隙130。例如,表面连接的微孔裂纹132的平均宽度小于细长的表面连接的孔隙130的平均宽度的75%,和/或,表面连接的微孔裂纹132的平均深度小于细长的表面连接的孔隙130的平均深度的75%。因此,在某些实施方式中,各个表面连接的微孔裂纹132均限定微孔体积,其小于各细长的表面连接的孔隙130的孔隙体积的50%。
多个非球形颗粒112通常被包括在热障材料114的柱状微结构116内,以增加断裂韧性并且任选地向热障涂层110赋予其它功能性。不希望受到任何特定理论的约束,认为嵌入柱状微结构116内的非球形颗粒112可抑制通过热障材料114的裂纹扩展(crackpropagation)。例如,非球形颗粒112可抑制多个表面连接的微孔裂纹132和/或细长的表面连接的孔隙130的膨胀,和/或在涂层部件的使用期间由于冲击或热循环而引入的裂纹。
在一个实施方式中,热障材料114形成大部分的热障涂层110(以体积百分比表示),使得热障材料114形成具有分散在其中的非球形颗粒112的柱状微结构116。在一个实施方式中,热障材料114形成热障涂层110的50vol%~99vol%,比如75vol%~95vol%。相反地,多个非球形颗粒112可形成热障涂层110的1vol%~50vol%,比如5vol%~25vol%。
多个非球形颗粒112通常可包括耐CMAS材料。例如,非球形颗粒112的耐CMAS材料可为稳定陶瓷材料,其能够维持相当高的温度梯度并且可与热障材料114相容。例如,非球形颗粒112可由适合于TBC层的材料形成。例如,非球形颗粒的稳定陶瓷材料可为氧化钇稳定的氧化锆(YSZ(yttria stabilized zirconia),例如8YSZ)和其它稀土稳定的氧化锆组合物、镧系元素铝酸盐、氧化钇铝酸盐(yttria aluminate)、莫来石(3Al2O3-2SiO2)、矾土(alumina)、铈土(CeO2)、镧系元素稀土锆酸盐、硅铝酸盐、稀土氧化物(例如,La2O3、Nb2O5、Pr2O3、CeO2)、碱土-镧系元素-硅酸盐和金属-玻璃复合材料以及它们的其组合(例如,氧化铝和YSZ、或者铈土和YSZ)中的一种以上。除了具有高温稳定性之外,YSZ还具有高韧性和化学惰性的良好组合,并且YSZ的热膨胀系数与热障材料114的热膨胀系数的匹配相对合适。
在一个实施方式中,多个非球形颗粒112可包括荧光化合物,例如掺杂的(doped)荧光化合物。例如,合适的荧光化合物可包括但不限于铈、钕、镨、铕、钐、铽、镝、铒、钛、锰或铋掺杂的含稀土材料,例如稀土锆酸盐或稀土氧化物。存在于非球形颗粒112内的荧光化合物可允许在沉积时和在使用后测量热障涂层110的厚度。例如,热障涂层110可在沉积之后具有初始荧光强度,可在涂层部件100的整个使用过程中监控该初始荧光强度。使用后降低的荧光强度的测量表明热障涂层110存在的一些损失。因此,可以监测热障涂层110的厚度的磨损和其它损失。
通常,非球形颗粒112具有细长构造以抑制通过热障材料114的裂纹增长(crackproliferation)。也就是说,非球形颗粒112定义最长尺寸和最短尺寸,通过将最长尺寸除以最短尺寸,可将其用于定义长径比。在一个实施方式中,至少50%的多个非球形颗粒112的长径比大于5(例如,5至100,000),比如10至10,000的长径比。在一个特定实施方式中,绝大部分的非球形颗粒112具有这样的长径比。例如,至少90%的多个非球形颗粒112可的长径比大于5(例如,5至100,000),比如10至10,000的长径比。
参照图2所示的实施方式,非球形颗粒112可在其上具有涂层118。涂层118可包括弱结合的材料(例如,独居石结构的磷酸盐材料,比如AlPO4、ZrPO4或LaPO4、氧化物),其将在高温下稳定但与非球形颗粒112形成弱界面以促进界面脱粘。在特定实施方式中,涂层还可包括多层涂层,例如氮化硼和氧扩散屏障(oxygen diffusion barrier)(例如,氧化铝)。例如,由于其微结构并具有弱界面,可包括氮化硼。可替换地或附加地,涂层118可包括荧光涂层以添加或增加非球形颗粒112上的荧光指示剂。
如上所述,图1和图2中所示的热障涂层110通常包括热障材料114。合适的热障材料114可包括但不限于各种类型的氧化物,例如铪氧化物(“氧化铪(hafnia)”)或锆氧化物(“氧化锆(zirconia)”),特别是稳定的氧化铪或稳定的氧化锆以及包括这些中的一种或两种的共混物。稳定的氧化锆的示例包括但不限于氧化钇-稳定的氧化锆、氧化铈-稳定的氧化锆、氧化钙-稳定的氧化锆、氧化钪-稳定的氧化锆、氧化镁-稳定的氧化锆、氧化铟-稳定的氧化锆、氧化镱-稳定的氧化锆、氧化镧-稳定的氧化锆、氧化钆-稳定的氧化锆以及这样的稳定的氧化锆的混合物。类似的稳定的氧化铪组分在本领域中是已知的,并且适用于本说明书中所述的实施方式中。
在某些实施方式中,热障材料114包括氧化钇-稳定的氧化锆。合适的氧化钇-稳定的氧化锆可包括1重量%~60重量%的氧化钇(以氧化钇和氧化锆的组合重量为基准计),并且更典型地可包括3重量%~10重量%的氧化钇。示例性氧化钇-稳定的氧化锆热障涂层包括7%氧化钇和93%氧化锆。这些类型的氧化锆可进一步包括一种或多种第二金属(例如,镧系元素或锕系元素)氧化物,比如氧化镧、氧化镱、氧化钐、氧化镝、氧化铒、氧化铕、氧化钆、氧化钕、氧化镨、氧化铀和氧化铪,以用于进一步减小热障材料的热导率。在一些实施方式中,热障材料可进一步包括附加的金属氧化物,例如,氧化钛。
合适的热障材料114可进一步包括通式为A2B2O7的烧绿石,其中,A为3+价或2+价的金属(例如,钆、钐、铈、镧或钇),B为4+价或5+价的金属(例如,铪、钛、铈或锆),其中A和B的化合价的总和为7。这种类型的代表性材料包括锆酸钆、钛酸镧、锆酸镧、锆酸钇、铪酸镧、铪酸铈和铈酸镧。此外,也可以使用符合式ABO3的钙钛矿材料,其中,A或B位点可以包含单阳离子或多阳离子。
热障涂层110可通过任意热喷涂技术来施加,特别是适于形成柱状微结构116的那些工艺或者能产生具有期望孔隙率的热障涂层110(例如,具有20体积%孔隙率以上的热障涂层110)的任意室温喷涂技术。例如,热障涂层110可通过以下形成:空气-等离子喷涂(APS)、悬浮液等离子喷涂(SPS)、溶液前驱体等离子喷涂(SPPS)、高速氧燃料(HVOF)和静电喷涂辅助气相沉积(ESAVD)。例如,通过空气等离子喷涂技术沉积的涂层可能导致在至少涂层表面中形成开孔的海绵状多孔结构。在特定沉积条件下,通过等离子喷涂热障材料还会形成良好发展的、垂直取向(相对于基底/涂层界面的平面)的裂纹。类似地,通过物理或化学气相沉积技术沉积的热障涂层可能导致在至少涂层表面中形成包括一系列柱状沟槽、缝隙或通道的结构。多孔结构(特别是(尽管并不排他地)结合如上所述垂直取向和/或柱状的特征的结构)可能是限定热障涂层在热循环期间的应变容限的因素之一。此外,由于涂层的热膨胀系数(CTE)与粘结涂层下层/基底的热膨胀系数(CTE)之间的差异,多孔结构可提供应力减小。
在一个实施方式中,形成柱状微结构的热等离子喷涂工艺利用喷涂到基底120的表面115上的浆料。浆料通常包括热障材料和多个非球形颗粒。在另一情况下,可以使用两种陶瓷浆料,其中,一种由陶瓷基质材料构成,而第二种浆料由经涂覆的或未经涂覆的非球形颗粒112构成。在一些情况下,为了对非球形颗粒112提供热保护和/或促进涂层中的孔隙率,不稳定的有机物(fugitive organics)可以与陶瓷一起包括在浆料中。另外,非球形颗粒112和/或陶瓷浆料还可以包含溶液前驱体,例如但不限于乙醇盐、硫酸盐、盐或硝酸盐,以便在颗粒上原位提供涂层。
在一些实施方式中,在热障涂层110和基底120之间设置粘结涂层140。粘结涂层140可向涂层部件100提供功能性,例如促进粘附和抗氧化。在一些实施方式中,粘结涂层140包含铝化物(aluminide),例如镍铝化物或铂铝化物,或本领域中公知的MCrAlY-型涂层。当将这些粘结涂层施加至金属基底120(例如高温合金)时,这些粘结涂层可能特别有用。在其它实施方式中,粘结涂层140包含硅化物系化合物或元素硅,其通常与陶瓷系基底相关联,例如碳化硅增强的碳化硅陶瓷基质复合材料(CMC)。粘结涂层140可通过使用本领域已知的各种涂覆技术中的任意一种来施加,比如等离子喷涂、热喷涂、化学气相沉积或物理气相沉积。
涂层部件100可为经受在高温环境中服役的任意部件,例如可为燃气涡轮组件中的部件。这种部件的示例包括但不限于包括涡轮翼型件的部件(比如叶片和轮叶)和燃烧部件的部件(比如内衬和过渡件)。进而,基底120可为适于在这种应用中使用的任意材料;仅举几例,示例包括镍系高温合金、钴系高温合金和陶瓷基质复合材料。在一个特定实施方式中,基底120可为金属例如钢或高温合金(例如,镍系高温合金、钴系高温合金或铁系高温合金,比如Rene N5、N500、N4、N2、IN718、Hastelloy X或Haynes188)或用于承受高温的其它合适材料。
热障涂层110可沿着基底120中的一个以上的部分设置,或者基本上设置在基底120的整个外部上方。热障涂层110的厚度可取决于其上沉积的基底120。在一些实施方式中,热障涂层110的厚度在约25μm至约1000μm的范围内。在一些实施方式中,热障涂层110的厚度在约50μm至约750μm的范围内。在一些实施方式中,厚度在约50μm至约650μm的范围内。
热障涂层110内可存在其它层(未示出)。在一个实施方式中,可在粘结涂层140和热障涂层110之间包括另一涂层。附加层中的一个以上可由稳定的陶瓷(如上文针对热障涂层110所述)形成,其可以维持相当高的温度梯度,使得涂层的金属部件可以在高于金属熔点的气体温度下操作。
涂层部件100特别适合用于在高温环境中存在的部件,例如在燃气涡轮发动机中存在的那些,例如燃烧器部件、涡轮叶片、护罩、喷嘴、隔热罩和轮叶。特别地,涂层部件100可为定位在燃气涡轮的热气体流动路径内的部件,使得热障涂层110形成用于下层基底120的热屏障以在暴露于热气体流动路径时保护燃气涡轮内的基底120。
如上所述,涂层部件100特别适合于在涡轮机器中使用,例如在涡轮机器的热气体流动路径中使用。图3是根据本发明的示例性实施方式的燃气涡轮发动机的示意性截面图。更具体地,对于图3的实施方式,燃气涡轮发动机是高旁通涡轮风扇喷气发动机10,这里称为“涡轮风扇发动机10”。如图3所示,涡轮风扇发动机10限定轴向方向A(平行于供参考的纵向轴线12延伸)和径向方向R。整体而言,涡轮风扇发动机10包括风扇部14和配置在风扇部14下游的核心涡轮发动机16。尽管下面参照涡轮风扇发动机10来描述,但是本发明总体上适用于涡轮机械,包括涡轮喷气发动机、涡轮螺旋桨发动机和涡轮轴燃气涡轮发动机,包括工业和船舶用燃气涡轮发动机以及辅助动力单元。它还适用于其它在气相中含有水蒸气的高温应用,比如由烃燃料的燃烧引起的那些高温应用。
所示出的示例性核心涡轮发动机16整体包括限定环形入口20的基本管状的外壳18。外壳18以串联流动关系包围:压缩机部(包括升压器(booster)或低压(LP)压缩机22和高压(HP)压缩机24);燃烧部26;涡轮部(包括高压(HP)涡轮28和低压(LP)涡轮30);以及喷射排气喷嘴部32。高压(HP)轴或转轴(spool)34将HP涡轮28与HP压缩机24驱动连接。低压(LP)轴或转轴36将LP涡轮30与LP压缩机22驱动连接。
对于所描述的实施方式,风扇部14包括可变桨距风扇38,该可变桨距风扇38具有以间隔开的方式联接到盘42的多个风扇叶片40。如图所示,风扇叶片40通常沿着径向方向R从盘42起向外延伸。由于风扇叶片40操作性地联接至合适的致动构件44(actuationmember)(所述致动构件44被构造成共同一致地改变风扇叶片40的桨距),因此各风扇叶片40可相对于盘42围绕桨距轴线P(pitch axis)旋转。风扇叶片40、盘42和致动构件44通过LP轴36横跨可选的动力齿轮箱46一起围绕纵向轴线12旋转。动力齿轮箱46包括多个齿轮,用于将LP轴36的转速降低至更有效的风扇转速。
仍然参考图3的示例性实施方式,盘42被可旋转的前机舱48覆盖,前机舱48具有空气动力学轮廓以促进气流通过多个风扇叶片40。另外,示例性风扇部段14包括环形风扇壳体或外部机舱50,环形风扇壳体或外部机舱50周向包围风扇38和/或核心涡轮发动机16的至少一部分。应当理解,机舱50可被构造成由多个周向间隔开的出口导向轮叶52相对于核心涡轮发动机16进行支撑。此外,机舱50的下游部段54可延伸越过核心涡轮发动机16的外部部分,以便在其间限定旁通气流通道56。
在涡轮风扇发动机10的运行期间,一定体积的空气58通过机舱50和/或风扇部14的关联入口60进入涡轮风扇发动机10。当一定体积的空气58通过风扇叶片40时,空气58的第一部分62如箭头所示被指引或引导进入旁通气流通道56,空气58的第二部分64如箭头所示被指引或引导进入LP压缩机22。空气的第一部分62和空气的第二部分64之间的比率通常被称为旁通比。然后,在将空气的第二部分64引导通过高压(HP)压缩机24并进入燃烧部26时,空气的第二部分64的压力增加,在燃烧部26中空气的第二部分64与燃料混合并燃烧以提供燃烧气体66。
将燃烧气体66引导通过HP涡轮28,在HP涡轮28中来自燃烧气体66的热能和/或动能的一部分经由HP涡轮定子轮叶68(联接至外壳18)和HP涡轮转子叶片70(联接至HP轴或转轴34)的顺序阶段被提取,从而导致HP轴或转轴34旋转,由此支持HP压缩机24的运行。然后将燃烧气体66引导通过LP涡轮30,在LP涡轮30中热能和动能的第二部分经由LP涡轮定子轮叶72(联接至外壳18)和LP涡轮转子叶片74(联接至LP轴或转轴36)的顺序阶段从燃烧气体66中被提取,从而导致LP轴或转轴36旋转,由此支持LP压缩机22的运行和/或风扇38的旋转。
随后将燃烧气体66引导通过核心涡轮发动机16的喷射排气喷嘴部段32以提供推进推力。同时,在空气的第一部分62从涡轮风扇发动机10的风扇喷嘴排气部76中排出之前,在将空气的第一部分62引导通过旁通气流通道56时,空气的第一部分62的压力显著增加,还提供推进推力。HP涡轮28、LP涡轮30和喷射排气喷嘴部段32至少部分地限定热气体路径78,用于引导燃烧气体66通过核心涡轮发动机16。例如,涂层部件100(图1和图2)可特别适合作为与燃烧气体66接触的部件,包括但不限于HP涡轮定子轮叶68、HP涡轮转子叶片70、LP涡轮定子轮叶72、LP涡轮转子叶片74、燃烧部26内的部件(例如燃烧内衬)等。
本发明的其它方面由以下条款的主题提供:
1.涂层部件,所述涂层部件包括:具有表面的基底;以及在基底表面的至少一部分上的热障涂层,其中,热障涂层包括在其中的多个细长的表面连接的孔隙,其中,热障涂层包括在热障材料内的多个非球形颗粒。
2.根据前述条款中任一项所述的涂层部件,其中,热障涂层还包括多个表面连接的微孔裂纹,所述多个表面连接的微孔裂纹连接至所述表面或所述多个细长的表面连接的孔隙中的至少一个。
3.根据前述条款中任一项所述的涂层部件,其中,热障涂层是热喷涂的屏障涂层。
4.根据前述条款中任一项所述的涂层部件,其中,热障材料包含热障涂层的50vol%~99vol%。
5.根据前述条款中任一项所述的涂层部件,其中,多个非球形颗粒包含耐CMAS材料。
6.根据前述条款中任一项所述的涂层部件,其中,耐CMAS材料包含含有稀土的氧化物。
7.根据前述条款中任一项所述的涂层部件,其中,多个非球形颗粒包含荧光化合物。
8.根据前述条款中任一项所述的涂层部件,其中,荧光化合物包含掺杂有比如但不限于为Ce、Nd、Pr、Eu、Sm、Tb、Dy、Er、Ti、Mn和Bi的材料的氧化物。
9.根据前述条款中任一项所述的涂层部件,其中,至少50%的多个非球形颗粒的长径比大于5。
10.根据前述条款中任一项所述的涂层部件,其中,至少50%的多个非球形颗粒的长径比为10至10,000。
11.根据前述条款中任一项所述的涂层部件,其中,至少90%的多个非球形颗粒的长径比大于5。
12.根据前述条款中任一项所述的涂层部件,其中,至少90%的多个非球形颗粒的长径比为10至10,000。
13.根据前述条款中任一项所述的涂层部件,其中,热障材料包含稳定的氧化锆。
14.根据前述条款中任一项所述的涂层部件,其中,TBC材料在1000℃下的热导率小于1.8W/mK。
15.根据前述条款中任一项所述的涂层部件,其中,所述涂层部件还包括:在基材表面上的粘结涂层,所述粘结涂层位于基材表面和热障涂层之间。
16.根据前述条款中任一项所述的涂层部件,其中,热障涂层的厚度为25μm至2000μm。
17.根据前述条款中任一项所述的涂层部件,其中,多个非球形颗粒在其上还具有涂层。
18.根据前述条款中任一项所述的涂层部件,其中,在多个非球形颗粒上的涂层包括独居石磷酸盐涂层、氮化硼涂层或惰性环境屏障材料涂层。
19.根据前述条款中任一项所述的涂层部件,其中,在多个非球形颗粒上的涂层包括荧光指示剂。
20.形成前述条款中任一项所述的涂层部件的方法,所述方法通过热等离子喷涂或室温喷涂多个非球形颗粒和热障材料的混合物,在基底表面的至少一部分上形成热障涂层。
21.在基材表面上形成涂层的方法,所述方法包括:热等离子喷涂或室温喷涂多个非球形颗粒和热障材料的混合物,形成热障涂层,所述热障涂层具有在其中的多个细长的表面连接的孔隙。
22.根据前述条款中任一项所述的方法,其中,热障涂层还包括多个表面连接的微孔裂纹,所述多个表面连接的微孔裂纹连接至所述表面或所述多个细长的表面连接的孔隙中的至少一个。
23.根据前述条款中任一项所述的方法,其中,热等离子喷涂或室温喷涂包括空气-等离子喷涂(APS)、悬浮液等离子喷涂(SPS)、溶液前驱体等离子喷涂(SPPS)、高速氧燃料(HVOF)或静电喷涂辅助气相沉积(ESAVD)。
24.根据前述条款中任一项所述的方法,其中,热障材料包含热障涂层的50vol%~99vol%。
25.根据前述条款中任一项所述的方法,其中,多个非球形颗粒包含耐CMAS材料。
26.根据前述条款中任一项所述的方法,其中,耐CMAS材料包含含有稀土的氧化物。
27.根据前述条款中任一项所述的方法,其中,多个非球形颗粒包含荧光化合物。
28.根据前述条款中任一项所述的方法,其中,荧光化合物包含掺杂有比如但不限于为Ce、Nd、Pr、Eu、Sm、Tb、Dy、Er、Ti、Mn和Bi的材料的氧化物。
29.根据前述条款中任一项所述的方法,其中,至少50%的多个非球形颗粒的长径比大于5。
30.根据前述条款中任一项所述的方法,其中,至少50%的多个非球形颗粒的长径比为10至10,000。
41.根据前述条款中任一项所述的方法,其中,至少90%的多个非球形颗粒的长径比大于5。
42.根据前述条款中任一项所述的方法,其中,至少90%的多个非球形颗粒的长径比为10至10,000。
43.根据前述条款中任一项所述的方法,其中,热障材料包含稳定的氧化锆。
44.根据前述条款中任一项所述的方法,其中,TBC材料在1000℃下的热导率小于1.8W/mK。
45.根据前述条款中任一项所述的方法,其中,所述涂层部件还包括:在基材表面上的粘结涂层,所述粘结涂层位于基材的表面和热障涂层之间。
46.根据前述条款中任一项所述的方法,其中,热障涂层的厚度为25μm至2000μm。
47.根据前述条款中任一项所述的方法,其中,多个非球形颗粒在其上还具有涂层。
48.根据前述条款中任一项所述的方法,其中,在多个非球形颗粒上的涂层包括独居石磷酸盐涂层、氮化硼涂层或惰性环境屏障材料涂层。
49.根据前述条款中任一项所述的方法,其中,在多个非球形颗粒上的涂层包含荧光指示剂。
本书面描述使用示例公开本发明(包括最佳模式),并且还使得任意本领域技术人员能够实践本发明(包括制造和使用任意装置或系统以及执行任意结合的方法)。本发明可取得专利的范围由权利要求书限定,并且可包括本领域技术人员想到的其它示例。如果此类其它示例包括与权利要求书的书面语言无异的结构元件,或者如果它们包括与权利要求书的书面语言无实质不同的等同结构元件,则此类其它示例旨在处在权利要求书的范围内。
Claims (10)
1.涂层部件,所述涂层部件包括:
具有表面的基底;以及
热障涂层,所述热障涂层在基底表面的至少一部分上,
热障涂层包括在其中的多个细长的表面连接的孔隙,
热障涂层包括在热障材料内的多个非球形颗粒。
2.根据权利要求1所述的涂层部件,其中,热障涂层还包括多个表面连接的微孔裂纹,所述多个表面连接的微孔裂纹连接至所述表面或所述多个细长的表面连接的孔隙中的至少一个。
3.根据权利要求1所述的涂层部件,其中,热障涂层是热喷涂的屏障涂层。
4.根据权利要求1所述的涂层部件,其中,热障材料包含热障涂层的50vol%~99vol%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的涂层部件,其中,多个非球形颗粒包含耐CMAS材料。
6.根据权利要求5所述的涂层部件,其中,耐CMAS材料包含含有稀土的氧化物。
7.根据权利要求1所述的涂层部件,其中,多个非球形颗粒包含荧光化合物。
8.根据权利要求7所述的涂层部件,其中,荧光化合物包含掺杂有比如但不限于为Ce、Nd、Pr、Eu、Sm、Tb、Dy、Er、Ti、Mn和Bi的材料的氧化物。
9.根据权利要求1所述的涂层部件,其中,至少50%的多个非球形颗粒的长径比大于5。
10.在基材表面上形成涂层的方法,所述方法包括:
热等离子喷涂或室温喷涂多个非球形颗粒和热障材料的混合物,形成热障涂层,
所述热障涂层具有在其中的多个细长的表面连接的孔隙。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IN202211022293 | 2022-04-14 | ||
IN202211022293 | 2022-04-14 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN116904909A true CN116904909A (zh) | 2023-10-20 |
Family
ID=88308841
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN202310388301.5A Pending CN116904909A (zh) | 2022-04-14 | 2023-04-12 | 热障涂层 |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20230330700A1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN116904909A (zh) |
-
2022
- 2022-12-19 US US18/068,153 patent/US20230330700A1/en active Pending
-
2023
- 2023-04-12 CN CN202310388301.5A patent/CN116904909A/zh active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20230330700A1 (en) | 2023-10-19 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CA3064602C (en) | Ebc with mullite bondcoat that includes an oxygen getter phase | |
EP3450414B1 (en) | Compositions for erosion and molten dust resistant environmental barrier coatings | |
US20180087387A1 (en) | Compositions and methods for coating metal turbine blade tips | |
US20220106888A1 (en) | Cmas-resistant abradable coatings | |
CN111348939B (zh) | Ebc和包含非氧化物硅陶瓷的莫来石粘结涂层 | |
CA3014399C (en) | Compositions for erosion and molten dust resistant environmental barrier coatings | |
US20230323516A1 (en) | High entropy alloy-based compositions and bond coats formed therefrom | |
US20230234895A1 (en) | Environmental barrier coatings | |
EP4261322A1 (en) | Vertically cracked thermal barrier coatings compositions | |
US20230330700A1 (en) | Thermal barrier coatings | |
EP4286340A1 (en) | Low thermal conductivity, high toughness tbc compositions | |
EP4191023A1 (en) | Environmental barrier coatings containing a rare earth disilicate and a second phase material | |
EP4286352A1 (en) | Low thermal conductivity, high toughness tbc compositions | |
US20230174788A1 (en) | Environmental barrier coatings containing a rare earth disilicate and second phase material | |
EP4261301A1 (en) | High entropy alloy-based compositions and bond coats formed therefrom | |
EP4219430A1 (en) | Bondcoat including coarse oxygen getter particles | |
EP4230585A1 (en) | Pyrochlore/defect fluorite zirconates | |
US20230257595A1 (en) | Pyrochlore/defect fluorite zirconates | |
CN116891967A (zh) | 高熵合金基组合物及由其形成的粘合涂层 | |
CN116605904A (zh) | 烧绿石/缺陷萤石锆酸盐 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |