CN116898633A - 用于容纳置换瓣膜的瓣环成形术环 - Google Patents

用于容纳置换瓣膜的瓣环成形术环 Download PDF

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CN116898633A
CN116898633A CN202310845297.0A CN202310845297A CN116898633A CN 116898633 A CN116898633 A CN 116898633A CN 202310845297 A CN202310845297 A CN 202310845297A CN 116898633 A CN116898633 A CN 116898633A
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core
ring
valve
annuloplasty ring
prosthetic valve
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P·M·麦卡锡
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NORTHWEST UNIVERSITY
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/24Heart valves ; Vascular valves, e.g. venous valves; Heart implants, e.g. passive devices for improving the function of the native valve or the heart muscle; Transmyocardial revascularisation [TMR] devices; Valves implantable in the body
    • A61F2/2442Annuloplasty rings or inserts for correcting the valve shape; Implants for improving the function of a native heart valve
    • A61F2/2445Annuloplasty rings in direct contact with the valve annulus
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/24Heart valves ; Vascular valves, e.g. venous valves; Heart implants, e.g. passive devices for improving the function of the native valve or the heart muscle; Transmyocardial revascularisation [TMR] devices; Valves implantable in the body
    • A61F2/2442Annuloplasty rings or inserts for correcting the valve shape; Implants for improving the function of a native heart valve
    • A61F2/2445Annuloplasty rings in direct contact with the valve annulus
    • A61F2/2448D-shaped rings
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/24Heart valves ; Vascular valves, e.g. venous valves; Heart implants, e.g. passive devices for improving the function of the native valve or the heart muscle; Transmyocardial revascularisation [TMR] devices; Valves implantable in the body
    • A61F2/2412Heart valves ; Vascular valves, e.g. venous valves; Heart implants, e.g. passive devices for improving the function of the native valve or the heart muscle; Transmyocardial revascularisation [TMR] devices; Valves implantable in the body with soft flexible valve members, e.g. tissue valves shaped like natural valves
    • A61F2/2418Scaffolds therefor, e.g. support stents
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2210/00Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2210/0014Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof using shape memory or superelastic materials, e.g. nitinol
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2230/00Geometry of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2230/0002Two-dimensional shapes, e.g. cross-sections
    • A61F2230/0004Rounded shapes, e.g. with rounded corners
    • A61F2230/0006Rounded shapes, e.g. with rounded corners circular
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2230/00Geometry of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2230/0002Two-dimensional shapes, e.g. cross-sections
    • A61F2230/0017Angular shapes
    • A61F2230/0019Angular shapes rectangular
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2230/00Geometry of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2230/0002Two-dimensional shapes, e.g. cross-sections
    • A61F2230/0017Angular shapes
    • A61F2230/0021Angular shapes square
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2230/00Geometry of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2230/0063Three-dimensional shapes
    • A61F2230/0091Three-dimensional shapes helically-coiled or spirally-coiled, i.e. having a 2-D spiral cross-section
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2230/00Geometry of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2230/0063Three-dimensional shapes
    • A61F2230/0095Saddle-shaped
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2250/00Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2250/0004Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof adjustable
    • A61F2250/001Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof adjustable for adjusting a diameter
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2250/00Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2250/0014Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis
    • A61F2250/0018Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis differing in elasticity, stiffness or compressibility
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2250/00Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2250/0014Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis
    • A61F2250/0039Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis differing in diameter

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Transplantation (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)

Abstract

一种包括弹性装置的瓣环成形术环,所述弹性装置使得环最适于通过“环中瓣手术”容纳随后的人工瓣膜。弹性装置在原生瓣膜环上提供挤压力,所述挤压力既保证原生瓣膜小叶的接合,又防止随后放置的人工瓣膜周围的瓣周泄漏。

Description

用于容纳置换瓣膜的瓣环成形术环
本申请是申请日为2016年6月8日、申请号为“201680044299.8”、发明名称为“用于容纳置换瓣膜的瓣环成形术环”的分案申请。
相关申请
本申请要求于2015年6月8日提交的标题为“Annuloplasty Ring for ReceivingaReplacement Valve”的美国临时申请序列号62/172,722以及于2015年10月14日提交的标题为“Annuloplasty Ring for Receiving a Replacement Valve”的美国临时申请序列号62/241,664的权益和优先权,这两者的全部内容在此通过引用并入本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及心脏瓣膜回流(包括二尖瓣疾病和三尖瓣疾病)的治疗,并且可适用于主动脉和肺动脉瓣膜疾病。
背景技术
用于治疗心脏瓣膜疾病的瓣环成形术环和植入这种环的各种方法为人所知已有多年,并且象征了心脏病治疗方面的显著进步。将瓣环成形术环缝合、夹紧或以其它方式固定到患者瓣膜环上,并且用于减小扩大的或患病的心脏瓣膜的直径,从而允许瓣膜小叶建立或重建接合,从而减少或消除通过瓣膜的回流。
然而,在一些患者中已经观察到,虽然所述环适当地治疗了患病的瓣膜,但是瓣膜状况继续恶化并且因此需要瓣膜置换。从历史上看,这种瓣膜置换需要另一次心脏直视手术,包括首先切除瓣环成形术环,随后植入新的瓣膜。尽管这个多步骤过程已经证明是有用的并且挽救和延长了许多患者的生命,但是对于手术医生来说,切除和植入过程耗时且具有挑战性,并且对于患者来说,可能是非常危险的。例如,如果瓣膜和周围组织的状况特别不健康,那么环的切除往往会使得很难找到合适的组织来牢固地连接新的置换瓣膜。
在心脏直视手术时需要切除环是因为现有环的刚性和/或非弹性、不舒适的性质。环也使瓣膜的孔口收缩,并且可能不允许将适当尺寸的人工瓣膜放置在环内。环也可能使人工瓣膜变形,导致人工瓣膜内的回流泄漏。环的形状和尺寸可能不与人工瓣膜很好地相对应,并且可能导致环与人工瓣膜之间的回流泄漏,叫做瓣周回流。大多数环大致为D形,并且几乎所有的人工瓣膜置换体是圆形的,所以这些空间关系使得将瓣膜放置在环内的实际应用非常困难。
因此,明显需要一种对患病的瓣膜提供初始成功治疗(例如,瓣膜回流的治疗),并且如果患者的瓣膜继续恶化并且需要置换,则在日后提供用于容纳置换瓣膜的平台的瓣环成形术环。这样的瓣环成形术环在这种情况下将不需要切除,而是将提供能够将人工心脏瓣膜放置和固定在之前植入的瓣环成形术环内的特性。
发明内容
本发明旨在满足前述对瓣环成形术环的需求,所述瓣环成形术环既提供对患病的瓣膜的初始成功治疗,又提供用于容纳置换瓣膜的平台,在本文中有时称为“环中瓣”或“VIR”手术。本发明通过提供在人工瓣膜周围拉伸和变形并且然后一旦释放像橡皮筋一样挤压人工瓣膜的瓣环成形术环来实现此目的。
更具体地说,本发明的环具有配置成当植入到循环系统中时建立针对人体血液瓣膜最优周边的形状的细长芯,并且包括允许从静止状态拉伸到拉伸状态的至少一个弹性装置,并且其中芯偏置向所述静止状态。环以静止状态植入,其设计成优化患者自身的瓣膜的性能,并且环的弹性性质还允许环响应于血液压力和血流变化而拉伸。这允许环更加接近地模拟原生瓣膜的表现以及防止不期望的组织应力集中在环固定机构(如缝合线等)周围的区域上。环的拉伸特性允许环在环中瓣植入期间被拉伸,使得其在原生瓣膜环上施加挤压力,所述挤压力促使环与人工瓣膜长期接合。
弹性环的挤压特性使得环可拉伸且可变形,并且因此特别适合于容纳人工瓣膜,如植入的经导管瓣膜(TCV)、“无缝合瓣膜”或其它假体。由于弹性带的挤压作用,环在人工瓣膜周围充当垫圈或橡皮筋。所述挤压使环密封在瓣膜周围,从而防止瓣周泄漏。
本发明的一方面提供了具有完整或不完整的圆形或“D”形的瓣环成形术环,所述瓣环成形术环也可以具有称为鞍形的三维外观。圆形形状通常与解剖学上的圆形瓣膜(如主动脉瓣膜)结合使用,而“D”形瓣膜通常与解剖学上的“D”形或四季形瓣膜(如二尖瓣)结合使用。三尖瓣具有鞍形独特的椭圆形变型。
在本发明的另一方面,弹性装置包括细长芯的至少一个锥形部分。锥形部分可以具有成形为提供最佳弹性性能特性的横截面。非限制性实例包括圆形、正方形、矩形和线圈形。
在本发明的又一方面中,所述至少一个弹性装置采取手风琴节的形式,所述手风琴节相对于芯的长度可以是短的,或者可以基本上扩展芯的长度。
在本发明的再一方面中,瓣环成形术环可以包括延伸穿过细长芯的内部钢丝。可以包括该内部钢丝,以增加环的刚性。可以通过中断至少一个弹性装置的区域中的内部钢丝来保持弹性。可选地,内部钢丝可以包括位于至少一个弹性装置的位置中的直径减小的区域。
本发明还包括一种治疗或置换患病的心脏瓣膜的方法。首先,通过在回流瓣膜周围安装本发明的瓣环成形术环来执行瓣环成形手术。瓣环成形术环重建原生瓣膜小叶的接合。如果原生瓣膜小叶或周围的结构日后患病并且确定需要置换患病的瓣膜,则所述方法涉及放置人工瓣膜;在所安装的瓣环成形术环内使用经导管瓣膜、无缝合瓣膜或凭借心脏直视手术。这是在没有取出环的情况下以及在有或没有取出原生心脏瓣膜的情况下完成的。人工瓣膜可以缝合或以其它方式直接连接到环上。因此,环提供用于容纳人工心脏瓣膜的理想形状的平台。
本发明提供了一种可以通过外科手术或经皮固定到瓣膜环上的环。用于植入瓣环成形术环的经皮方法目前正在开发中。由以色列Or Yehuda的Valtech Cardio开发并且称为Cardioband的经皮方法提供了实例并且通过引用并入本文。在http://www.valtechcardio.com提供了更多的信息。在2009年5月7日提交的授予Zipory等人并且标题为“Annuloplasty Ring With Intra-Ring Anchoring”的美国专利8,715,342中示出并且描述了所述装置和方法的实施例,并且通过引用并入本文。然而,Cardioband不是弹性的并且不是设计用于容纳人工心脏瓣膜。环的弹性性质,特别是不完整的实施例,使环特别适合于经导管递送以及承接随后的人工瓣膜。
在2008年9月19日提交的授予Keidar等人并且标题为“TransformableAnnuloplasty Ring Configured to Receive a Percutaneous Prosthetic Heart ValveImplantation”的美国专利8,287,591中描述了加利福尼亚州尔湾的EdwardsLifesciences Corp.开发的另一个实例,并且通过引用并入本文。然而,该装置需要气囊来使装置膨胀,以便容纳人工瓣膜。
本领域技术人员将会理解,本发明的方法和环实施例由于若干原因是新颖的和有利的,其中仅有少数原因包括设计用于VIR手术、提供最佳性能特性(如灵活性、可变形性、射线不透性,以及避免预置气囊手术)。此外,本发明的环的实施例虽然是新颖的,但是提供了设计成优化移植外科医生对平滑学习曲线的易用性的熟悉外观。环的设计也相对容易制造。
附图说明
参考附图,本发明的实施例的这些和其它方面、特征和优点将是显而易见的,并且通过本发明的实施例的以下描述加以阐明,其中:
图1是本发明的环的实施例的平面图;
图2是已经放置在目标瓣膜部位的本发明的环的实施例的透视图;
图3是本发明的环的实施例的平面图;
图4是本发明的环的实施例的平面图;
图5是本发明的环的实施例的平面图;图5A-5D示出了环的弹性装置的横截面形状的各种实例,它们所有是沿着图5的剖面线A-A截取的;
图6是本发明的环的实施例的平面图;
图7是本发明的环的实施例的平面图;
图8是在执行VIR手术之后的本发明的环的实施例的平面图;
图9是具有封套并且在执行VIR手术之后的本发明的环的实施例的平面图;
图10是植入在三尖瓣的环中的本发明的环的实施例的透视图;
图11是在执行VIR手术之后的本发明的环的实施例的平面图;以及
图12是本发明的环的实施例的平面图。
具体实施方式
现在将参考附图描述本发明的具体实施例。然而,本发明可以以许多不同的形式来实施,并且不应解释为限于本文阐述的实施例;相反,提供这些实施例使得本公开将是全面和完整的,并且将本发明的范围充分地传达给本领域技术人员。在附图中示出的实施例的详细描述中使用的术语不旨在限制本发明。在附图中,相同的附图标记指示相同的元件。
现在参考附图,并且首先参考图1,示出了本发明的瓣环成形术环的实施例10。环10通常包括在第一端14与第二端16之间延伸的细长芯12。虽然仅在图8中示出,但是本文描述的所有环实施例可以涵盖本领域常见的材料(例如双丝绒织物或其它涤纶织物)。这种织物通过提供用于容纳缝合线并且还促进组织内增生的介质来辅助固定。另外,根据所选择的芯材料的性能,可以免除对封套的需要。
芯12具有配置为当植入到循环系统中时建立针对人体血液瓣膜的最优周边的形状。例如,图1所示的环10具有与心脏的二尖瓣相对应的“D”形和三维鞍形。
本文描述的所有各种环实施例包括弹性装置,所述弹性装置赋予环从静止状态到拉伸状态的弹性拉伸性。像橡皮筋一样,环是以其静止状态植入,但是它是柔韧的,并且允许瓣膜的正常拉伸和功能。当环处于拉伸状态时,对物体施加挤压力或者将装置置于拉伸状态的力(如血压)。弹性环的挤压特性使得环既可拉伸又可变形,因此特别适于容纳人工瓣膜,如植入的经导管瓣膜(TCV)或其它假体。由于弹性带的挤压作用,环和固定到其上的环形组织在人工瓣膜周围起到垫圈或橡皮筋的作用。挤压导致环和组织密封在瓣膜周围,从而防止瓣周泄漏并且减少瓣膜可能移动、迁移或栓塞的风险。
对于图1中所示的实施例更具体的是,环10包括允许芯从静止状态拉伸到拉伸状态的至少一个弹性装置20。在该实施例10中,弹性装置20采取具有比芯12的其余部分的横截面更小的横截面的锥形部分的形式。
举例来说,图1中所示的环10具有两个锥形部分20。锥形部分20的数量和布置可以根据环10的预期植入位置和方位而变化。例如,图2示出了具有与三尖瓣一致的椭圆形形状的环的实施例30。圆形的原生瓣膜(如主动脉瓣膜或肺动脉瓣膜)也可以用环治疗。环30具有在端部34与36之间延伸的芯32,并且在端部34与36之间包括单个锥形部分40。锥形部分40与三尖瓣的连合处对齐。端部34和36也显示为锥形的。
本领域的技术人员将会理解,瓣环成形术环的尺寸设计成容纳原生瓣膜,但是一旦被连接,赋予组织弹性性质,也在组织上施加力。因此,当本文描述的是,瓣膜的尺寸和形状设计成与原生瓣膜一致时,应当理解,原生瓣膜环在一定程度上也将与环一致。后一个一致对于重建小叶的接合是必要的。因此,环的形状不设计成与患病的瓣膜精确一致。确切地说,环的尺寸和形状设计成一旦植入就将原生瓣膜环重塑为期望的构型。
为了在靶组织上施加所需的力,本文描述的各种实施例的细长芯是柔韧且有弹性的。芯可以由合适的生物相容性材料(如硅树脂、医用级橡胶、膨体聚四氟乙烯,或其它材料)构成。可选地,可以使用覆盖有硅树脂层的其它材料。在一些情况下,可以期望超出所选择的芯材料的能力的额外的刚性。额外的刚性可以通过利用钢丝芯来提供。例如,图3示出了具有芯52的环的实施例50,所述环在第一端54与第二端56之间以“D”形延伸,并且包括两个锥形部分60。内部钢丝62延伸穿过芯52以增加刚性。内部钢丝62可以由生物相容性材料(包括但不限于镍钛诺或合金、不锈钢、钴铬、钛、镍或其它材料)构成。如图3中所见,内部钢丝62配置为不会与由锥形部分60提供的弹性相干涉。内部钢丝62被中断,以形成三个钢丝部分64、66和68。这三部分64、66和68在锥形部分60处中断或间隔开。
可选地,如果在锥形部分需要更多的刚性,则可以提供内部钢丝的实施例70,如在图4中所示。图4示出了环50,如图3所示,其中中断的内部钢丝62已经用非中断的内部钢丝70所置换。然而,内部钢丝70具有与锥形部分60对应的直径减小的区域72。直径减小的区域72导致形成直径相对增大的三个部分74、76和78。因此,这些部分74、76和78位于锥形部分60之间的芯52的更坚固的区域中。
内部钢丝62也可以增加环的射线不透性。如果需要额外的射线不透性,则也可以将标志带或涂层结合到硅树脂或织物中。
除了使用或不使用内部钢丝,锥形部分的弹性装置还可以通过在锥形部分处使用各种横截面形状来控制。例如,图5示出了如上所述的图3的环50。还示出了沿着延伸穿过锥形部分60的剖面线A-A截取的各种横截面形状。图5A示出了圆形横截面;图5B示出了正方形横截面;图5C示出了矩形横截面;以及图5D示出了螺旋形或线圈形横截面。每个形状将表现出不同的柔韧性和拉伸特性,并且所提供的实例应当被视为非限制性的。
通过采用弹性装置的其它实施例,可以进一步改变环的弹性特性。例如,现在参考图6,示出了本发明的环的实施例80。环80通常包括在第一端84与第二端86之间延伸的细长芯82。芯82具有与心脏的二尖瓣相对应的“D”形,但是其形状也可以设计成与其它瓣膜(如像三尖瓣一样的椭圆形瓣膜)一致或与圆形瓣膜一致。
环80包括允许芯从静止状态拉伸到拉伸状态的至少一个弹性装置90。在该实施例80中,至少一个弹性装置90在另外的圆柱形芯82中采取手风琴节90的形式。图6的至少一个手风琴节90通过举例示出为两个间隔开的手风琴节90,它们可以放置或不放置成与目标心脏瓣膜的连合处重合。
可选地,为了提供不同的弹性特性,提供了图7中所示的实施例100,实施例100通常包括在第一端104与第二端106之间延伸的细长芯102。芯102具有与心脏的二尖瓣相对应的“D”形,但其形状也可以设计成与其它瓣膜一致,如圆形瓣膜或类似三尖瓣的椭圆形瓣膜。
环100包括允许芯从静止状态拉伸到拉伸状态的弹性装置110。在该实施例100中,至少一个弹性装置110采取手风琴节110的形式,所述手风琴节110基本上沿着第一端104与第二端106之间的整个范围延伸。应当理解,本文实施例中所示的各种特征也可以由其它实施例采用,即使在附图中没有示出所有变型。例如,如果需要增加刚性,则结合手风琴形式弹性装置的实施例可以与内部钢丝结合使用。
性能特性的进一步变型可以由包括完整环的本发明的实施例提供。直到此时,所描述的实施例均具有所有不完整地构成的环,包括第一端和第二端,其中细长芯在两端之间延伸。应该指出的是,这些不完整的芯可以与不完整的或完整的布封套结合使用,与不完整的布套结合使用以与芯匹配,与完整的布封套结合使用,从而用布覆盖芯的第一端与第二端之间的间隙。在这种情况下,可能希望仅缝合包括芯的环的区域。在图8中可以看到该实施例,图8示出了圆形不完整环的实施例200,其具有在第一端204与第二端206之间延伸的细长芯202。芯202包括锥形形式的至少一个弹性装置210。环200还包括以虚线示出的布封套220,以显示芯202的细节。缝合线222用于将环200固定到瓣膜环,并且人工瓣膜V已经通过VIR手术放置在环200中。缝合线222延伸穿过布220和芯202,但不包括在第一端204与第二端206之间的间隙224中。
图9示出了图8的实施例200,其中布封套220覆盖芯(未示出)。环200具有植入其中的瓣膜V。除了在环220的芯不完整的间隙区域224中之外,缝合线222绕环200的周边延伸。图9的实施例是圆形的,如主动脉瓣膜。图10示出了类似的实施例201,包括布封套220、缝合线222和间隙区域224。实施例201与200的不同之处仅在于,其具有适合于三尖瓣的椭圆形形状。实施例201示出为植入三尖瓣的环中。人工瓣膜尚未植入到环201中,但是如果将来需要的话可以将人工瓣膜植入到环201中。
现在参考图11,示出了具有完整形状的环的实施例120,所述完整的形状通常形成为与瓣膜(如二尖瓣)相对应的圆形。弹性装置130示出为锥形部分,如上所述。因为环120是完整的,所以任选地提供三个锥形部分130以提供均匀的弹性特征。在图8中,弹性装置130放置在小叶的中部,而不是在连合点处,如在前述实施例中的一些中所示。环120任选地包括标志126,使得环120的弹性装置130容易看见并且正确放置。
图11还示出为包括安装在环120内的人工瓣膜V。应当理解的是,本文描述的环的所有实施例设计成提供用于人工瓣膜的最佳连接平台,如果需要,即使在环植入之后,可以在原位使用很长一段时间。此外,图11中所示的实施例120通过举例方式示出为已经适当地缝合在患者体内。据认为,图11的完整的环可能更适合外科植入而不是经皮植入。
图12的实施例140展示了“D”形的完整的环140。环140具有芯142和一个或多个弹性装置144,所述弹性装置144包括围绕环140的圆周间隔开的手风琴节,在这种情况下,为三个手风琴节。手风琴节的数量和长度可以变化,如上所述。整个D环可以是连续的手风琴节。
虽然已经针对特定的实施例和应用描述了本发明,但是本领域普通技术人员根据该教导可以产生另外的实施例和修改,而不偏离所要求保护的发明的精神或超出所要求保护的发明的范围。因此,应该理解的是,本文的附图和说明书是通过举例的方式提供的,以便于理解本发明,而不应该解释为限制其范围。

Claims (4)

1.一种用于容纳置换假体瓣膜的瓣环成形术环,其包括:
封闭的细长芯,其形状配置成当植入到循环系统中时建立针对人体血液瓣膜的首选周边,其中所述芯包括弹性材料,使得所述芯能够在置换瓣膜过程中通过所述置换假体瓣膜从静止状态移动至拉伸状态,其中所述拉伸状态的所述芯的周边大于所述首选周边;
多个刚性元件,所述多个刚性元件嵌入所述芯中并且所述多个刚性元件之间具有间隔,所述间隔将芯的弹性性质集中到增加了拉伸性的区域中,所述增加了拉伸性的区域布置成与人体血液瓣膜的连合处对齐,所述多个刚性元件在所述芯的静止状态和所述芯的拉伸状态下为所述芯增加了刚性;和
封套,其覆盖所述芯,
并且其中所述芯偏置向所述静止状态,使得当所述置换假体瓣膜植入到所述环中时,增加了拉伸性的区域确保了将所述芯的挤压力布置在置换假体瓣膜上,从而防止瓣周泄漏。
2.根据权利要求1所述的瓣环成形术环,其特征在于,所述形状包括完整的圆形。
3.根据权利要求1所述的瓣环成形术环,其特征在于,每个所述间隔创建所述细长芯的锥形部分。
4.根据权利要求1所述的瓣环成形术环,其特征在于,所述多个刚性元件包括横截面,所述横截面选自包括以下各项的组:圆形、正方形、矩形、线圈形。
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