CN116890235A - Machine tool ram and gantry machine tool - Google Patents

Abstract

The application relates to a machine tool ram and a gantry machine tool, which relate to the field of machine tool manufacture, wherein the machine tool ram comprises at least three track surfaces, a driving surface and an observation detection surface, the track surfaces and the driving surface or the observation detection surface are alternately arranged on the outer side surface of the machine tool ram, the track surfaces are provided with slide rail mounting structures, the slide rail mounting structures are parallel to the central axis of the machine tool ram, the positions of the machine tool ram can be limited by linear slide rails arranged on the at least three track surfaces around the machine tool ram, the position precision of the machine tool ram during axial movement is improved, and the Z-axis movement precision of the gantry machine tool using the machine tool ram is ensured. The application also discloses a gantry machine tool using the machine tool ram.

Description

Machine tool ram and gantry machine tool

Technical Field

The application relates to the field of machine tool manufacturing, in particular to a machine tool ram. The application also relates to a gantry machine tool.

Background

The gantry machine tool is high-end processing equipment for large-scale mechanical processing, and can be used for integrally processing large-scale mechanical parts, so that the processing precision of the large-scale parts is improved, and effective guarantee is provided for manufacturing the large-scale high-precision equipment.

Gantry machines typically machine a product to be machined by a spindle head, which is typically mounted on a machine ram of the gantry machine, which is typically mounted on a beam by a beam slide assembly, the machine ram being capable of Z-motion relative to the beam slide assembly and Y-motion on the beam with the beam slide assembly and X-motion relative to the body with the beam, resulting in X-axis motion, Y-axis motion, and Z-axis motion of the spindle head. The end part of the machine tool ram can be further provided with a C-axis moving arm and an A-axis moving arm, the spindle head is mounted on the A-axis moving arm, the A-axis moving arm is mounted on the C-axis moving arm and mounted on the machine tool ram through the C-axis moving arm, and the spindle head can swing along with the A-axis moving arm and rotate along with the C-axis moving arm to form A-axis movement and C-axis movement of the spindle head. The axial movements are matched with each other, so that multi-axis linkage of the spindle head is formed, and the machining precision of a plurality of machining surfaces on a workpiece to be machined and the matching precision among the machining surfaces are effectively improved. Typically, Z-directed slide rails are provided on a set of opposite sides of the machine ram, and the slides of the Z-directed slide rails are secured to the beam slide assembly such that the machine ram can slide Z-directed relative to the beam slide assembly.

The sliding rails on the existing machine tool ram are arranged in opposite directions on a group of mutually parallel planes, so that the lateral force of the sliding rails is easy to form when the load of the main shaft head is large, the lateral abrasion between the sliding rails and the sliding blocks is increased, and the Z-axis movement precision of the machine tool ram is reduced. In addition, when the inner hole of the cylindrical part is processed, the main shaft head is usually required to extend into the inner hole, and the outer periphery of the cross section of the conventional machine tool ram is usually rectangular, so that the maximum diameter of the machine tool ram is large, interference with the inner hole of the cylindrical part is easy to occur, and the inner diameter range of the cylindrical part which can be processed by the main shaft head is limited.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to ensure the Z-axis motion precision of a gantry machine tool, the application provides a machine tool ram and a gantry machine tool.

The machine tool ram provided by the application adopts the following technical scheme:

the utility model provides a lathe ram, includes track face, driving surface and observes the detection face, the track face is provided with at least three, the track face with the driving surface or observe the detection face and be in the outside surface of lathe ram sets up in turn, be provided with slide rail mounting structure on the track face, slide rail mounting structure with the axis of lathe ram is parallel to each other.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, utilize the at least three track face that the interval set up, can limit the lathe ram from the peripheral at least three different directions of lathe ram through the linear slide rail of installing on the track face, the positive pressure of perpendicular to track face is converted into the force of each direction that receives with the lathe ram, thereby can utilize the front bearing machine tool spindle head's of linear slide rail load force more, reduce the side direction atress of linear slide rail, reduce the side direction wearing and tearing between linear slide rail and the slider, guarantee the precision of lathe ram Z axle motion. The linear slide rail arranged on the slide rail mounting structure is parallel to the central axis of the machine tool ram, so that the stability of the X-axis position and the Y-axis position of the machine tool ram in different Z-displacement states is ensured. By utilizing at least three track surfaces and a driving surface or an observation detection surface arranged between adjacent track surfaces, a polygonal structure with at least six sides on the periphery of the machine tool ram can be formed, the maximum diameter of the machine tool ram is reduced, and the machine tool ram can enter a smaller hole for processing. By using the driving surface arranged between two adjacent track surfaces, the driving force for driving the Z-direction movement of the machine tool ram can be provided, and the Z-axis movement of the machine tool ram can be better controlled. By using the observation detection surface arranged on the machine tool ram, the structure arranged inside the machine tool ram can be observed and maintained, or the Z-direction displacement of the machine tool ram can be detected, and the Z-direction movement precision of the machine tool ram can be ensured through the feedback of the detection result.

In a specific embodiment, the raceway surface is symmetrical about the center axis of the machine ram as a symmetry axis.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, utilize the track face to use the axis of lathe ram as the central symmetry's of symmetry axis setting, can be with the front of linear slide rail of the effect of the loading force of lathe spindle head more, reduce the side direction of linear slide rail and bear.

In a specific embodiment, the drive surface is provided with a lead screw nut mounting structure.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, utilize the lead screw nut mounting structure of setting on the driving surface, can fix the lead screw nut to can utilize the slip of lead screw nut on the lead screw when the lead screw is rotatory, drive the accurate removal of lathe ram in the Z axial direction.

In a specific implementation manner, the observation detection surface comprises a grating ruler installation surface and an observation window surface, wherein a grating main ruler is installed on the grating ruler installation surface and is parallel to the central axis of the machine tool ram, and a plurality of observation windows are arranged on the observation window surface.

By adopting the technical scheme, the Z-axis displacement of the machine tool ram can be accurately measured by utilizing the grating main scale arranged on the grating scale mounting surface, and the measuring result is fed back to the control system through the reading head of the grating scale, so that the Z-direction movement of the machine tool ram is closed-loop controlled, and the movement precision of the machine tool ram in the Z-axis direction is improved.

In a specific embodiment, four of the raceway surfaces are provided, and the four raceway surfaces are symmetrically provided with respect to a central axis of the machine ram; the driving surface and the observation and detection surface are respectively provided with two, are mutually spaced, and are symmetrically arranged relative to the central axis of the machine tool ram; the included angles between the track surface and the adjacent driving surface and/or the observation detection surface are 45 degrees.

By adopting the technical scheme, the four symmetrically arranged track surfaces are utilized, the position of the machine tool ram can be limited from the periphery of the machine tool ram, so that the front surface of the linear slide rail is better utilized to bear the load force of the main shaft head of the machine tool, and the lateral load of the linear slide rail is reduced. By utilizing the two oppositely arranged driving surfaces, Z-direction running driving force can be applied to the machine tool ram from the two opposite sides of the machine tool ram, so that the balance of the driving force born by the machine tool ram is improved, the driving forces acting on different linear sliding rails are more balanced, the machine tool ram can be ensured to move along a plurality of linear sliding rails smoothly, and the abrasion of the linear sliding rails is reduced.

In a specific embodiment, the two viewing detection surfaces comprise a grating ruler mounting surface and a viewing window surface.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, utilize grating chi installation face and the observation window face that set up simultaneously on the lathe ram, can utilize the grating chi to carry out inspection and feedback to the Z motion of lathe ram, when improving lathe ram Z motion accuracy, utilize the observation window of setting on the observation window face, observe and maintain the structure of setting in the lathe ram inside, guarantee lathe ram inner structure's validity and stability.

In a specific implementation manner, the grating ruler mounting surface is provided with a grating ruler groove, the grating ruler groove is arranged in the middle of the grating ruler mounting surface and is parallel to the central axis of the machine tool ram, one end of the grating ruler groove is positioned in the grating ruler mounting surface, the other end of the grating ruler groove extends to the end of the machine tool ram, a grating main ruler mounting table is arranged in the grating ruler groove, and the grating main ruler mounting table extends to the opening end of the grating ruler groove along one side edge of the grating ruler groove.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, utilize the grating chi recess that sets up on grating chi installation face, can install the grating main scale in the grating chi recess, reduce the height that grating main scale protrusion grating chi installed face, prevent that grating main scale and external structure from producing the interference. The second baffle installation part is utilized to facilitate the installation of the second dustproof baffle on the inner protection plate; by means of the arrangement that one end of the grating ruler groove is located in the grating ruler mounting surface, dust formed by machining of the spindle head can be prevented from entering the grating ruler groove, and interference of dust on a grating ruler measuring result is reduced. The grating main scale mounting table arranged at one side edge of the grating scale groove is beneficial to mounting and fixing of the grating main scale, and the side wall of the grating scale groove can be used for positioning the grating main scale, so that the accuracy of the mounting position of the grating main scale is ensured.

In a specific embodiment, the sliding rail mounting structure includes a wire rail mounting groove, the wire rail mounting groove is parallel to the central axis of the machine tool ram, two ends of the wire rail mounting groove extend to two ends of the machine tool ram, one side surface of the wire rail mounting groove is set to be a wire rail mounting reference surface, and the other side of the wire rail mounting groove is provided with a wedge-shaped pressing groove.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, utilize the line rail installation reference surface that sets up line rail mounting groove one side, can fix a position the mounted position of linear slide rail, guarantee the accuracy of linear slide rail mounted position. The wedge-shaped pressing groove arranged at the other side of the linear rail mounting groove is utilized to be capable of mounting wedge-shaped pressing to press the linear rail at the other side of the linear rail, so that on one hand, the other side of the linear rail is tightly abutted against the linear rail mounting reference surface, and the positioning precision of the linear rail is ensured; on the other hand, the linear slide rail is limited between the wedge-shaped pressing block and the linear rail installation datum plane, so that the linear slide rail is prevented from generating lateral deviation under the action of lateral force, and the position stability of the linear slide rail when bearing load is ensured.

The gantry machine tool provided by the application adopts the machine tool ram provided by the application.

By adopting the technical scheme, the lateral stress of the linear slide rail under the action of the load force can be reduced, the abrasion between the linear slide rail and the slide block is reduced, and the Z-axis movement precision of the machine tool ram is improved; and the maximum diameter of the machine tool ram can be reduced, so that the machine tool ram can enter the inner hole of the cylindrical part, and the structure in the hole can be machined.

In a specific implementation manner, the gantry machine tool further comprises a beam sliding plate, a sliding plate supporting plate, a C-axis moving arm, an A-axis moving arm and a spindle head, wherein the machine tool ram is arranged in a space surrounded by the beam sliding plate and the sliding plate supporting plate and is arranged on a beam through the beam sliding plate, the C-axis moving arm is arranged at the end part of the machine tool ram, the A-axis moving arm is arranged on the C-axis moving arm, and the spindle head is arranged on the A-axis moving arm; the beam sliding plate is provided with a screw rod driving surface opposite to the driving surface and a sliding block mounting surface opposite to the track surface, a linear sliding rail is arranged on the track surface, a linear sliding rail block is arranged on the linear sliding rail, the beam sliding plate is arranged on the linear sliding rail block through the sliding block mounting surface, a Z-axis screw rod is arranged between the screw rod driving surface and the driving surface, the Z-axis screw rod is rotationally connected with the beam sliding plate, and a nut of the Z-axis screw rod is fixed on the driving surface.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, utilize the lathe ram to set up the setting in the space that crossbeam slide and slide backup pad enclose, can be through the connection structure between adjustment crossbeam slide and the slide backup pad, adjust the interval between track face and the slider installation face to the fit clearance between adjustment linear slide rail and the linear slide slider guarantees the Z axle motion precision of lathe ram.

In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

1. at least three track surfaces are arranged at intervals, the machine tool ram can be limited from at least three different directions through the linear slide rail arranged on the track surfaces, the load force of the main shaft head of the machine tool is transmitted to the front faces of the linear slide rails in different directions through the track surfaces of the machine tool ram, the front faces of the linear slide rails are used for bearing the stress of the machine tool ram, the lateral stress of the linear slide rail is reduced, the lateral abrasion between the linear slide rail and the slide block is reduced, and the Z-axis movement precision of the machine tool ram is ensured;

2. the polygonal structure with at least six sides at the periphery of the machine tool ram can be formed by utilizing at least three track surfaces and a driving surface or an observation detection surface arranged between the adjacent track surfaces, so that the maximum diameter of the machine tool ram is reduced while the distance between the two opposite surfaces is ensured, and the machine tool ram can enter a smaller hole to process the inner structure of the hole;

3. the four-track-face, two driving faces, one grating ruler mounting face and one observation window face are utilized to limit the machine tool ram from four symmetrical directions around the machine tool ram, so that Z-axis movement precision of the machine tool ram is further guaranteed, driving force is provided for the machine tool ram from two opposite directions, and stable sliding of the machine tool ram is guaranteed.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of an embodiment of the machine ram of the present application.

Fig. 2 is another schematic view of one embodiment of a machine ram of the present application.

Fig. 3 is a side view of one embodiment of a machine ram of the present application.

Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the direction A-A in fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a grating ruler mounting surface structure of an embodiment of a machine tool ram of the present application.

Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the driving surface structure of one embodiment of the machine ram of the present application.

Fig. 7 is a schematic view of a ram proximity structure of a gantry machine tool according to an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 8 is a schematic view of another view of fig. 7.

Reference numerals illustrate: 1. a track surface; 11. a linear slide rail; 12. a wire rail mounting groove; 121. a line rail mounting reference surface; 122. wedge-shaped pressing grooves; 123. a wedge-shaped pressing block; 13. a wire rail slider; 2. a driving surface; 21. a screw nut mounting structure; 3. observing the detection surface; 31. a grating ruler mounting surface; 311. a grating main scale; 312. a grating ruler groove; 313. a grating main scale mounting table; 32. an observation window surface; 321. an observation window; 4. a cross beam slide plate; 41. a screw driving surface; 42. a slider mounting surface; 43. a Z-axis screw rod; 5. a slide plate support plate; 6. a C-axis moving arm; 7. an A-axis moving arm; 8. a spindle head.

Detailed Description

The following describes specific embodiments of the present application in detail with reference to the drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating and illustrating the application, are not intended to limit the application.

In the description of the present application, it should be noted that, unless explicitly stated and limited otherwise, the terms "disposed" and "connected" should be interpreted broadly, and for example, they may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; either directly or indirectly via an intermediate medium, or in communication with each other or in interaction with each other. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, one embodiment of the machine tool ram of the present application is a long cylindrical structure made of a metal material, the outer side of the machine tool ram is provided with a polygonal shape extending in the longitudinal direction, and circular holes penetrating through both end surfaces are provided inside the machine tool ram. The outer side surface of the machine tool ram is provided with a track surface 1, a driving surface 2 and an observation detection surface 3, wherein the track surface 1 is provided with at least three, and the sum of the number of the driving surface 2 and the observation detection surface 3 is the same as the number of the track surfaces 1. One driving surface 2 or an observation detecting surface 3 is arranged on two adjacent sides of each track surface 1, one track surface 1 is arranged on two sides of each driving surface 2 and two sides of each observation detecting surface 3, and a structure that the track surfaces 1 and the driving surfaces 2 or the observation detecting surfaces 3 are alternately arranged is formed, so that the outer side surface of the machine tool ram is formed into a polygon at least surrounded by six surfaces, and the polygon can be a hexagon, an octagon or a decagon. In general, the greater the number of raceway surfaces 1, the higher the movement accuracy and positional stability of the machine ram, but the higher the costs of production, installation and debugging.

The track surface 1 is provided with a track mounting structure, the track mounting structure can be various structures which are arranged on the track surface and are matched with the linear track 11, the linear track 11 can be mounted on the track mounting structure, and stable fixation is formed on the track surface 1. The slide rail mounting structure is arranged on the rail surface 1 to be parallel to the central axis of the machine tool ram, so that the linear slide rail 11 mounted on the slide rail mounting structure can be parallel to the central axis of the machine tool ram. The central axis of the machine tool ram refers to the connecting line of the centers of polygons outside two end faces in the length direction of the machine tool ram, and is usually also the connecting line of the centers of round holes inside the two end faces. The driving surface 2 is a plane for mounting a driving structure for driving the machine tool ram to move in the direction of the central axis of the machine tool ram, and the observation and detection surface 3 is a plane for providing an observation path through which the facilities inside the round hole can be observed and/or providing a detection device for detecting the movement state of the machine tool ram. The number of driving surfaces 2 and observation detecting surfaces 3 may be set according to actual needs, but the sum of the number of driving surfaces 2 and observation detecting surfaces 3 is kept the same as the number of raceway surfaces 1.

In some embodiments of the machine tool ram of the present application, as shown in fig. 1 and 4, the track surfaces 1 are symmetrical about the central axis of the machine tool ram as the symmetry axis, and in this case, the sides of the polygonal machine tool ram on which the plurality of track surfaces 1 are located are equal in length, that is, the plurality of track surfaces 1 are equal in width. Thus, the perpendicular bisectors of the sides of the polygon on which the plurality of raceway surfaces 1 are located intersect at the same point, and the intersection point is located on the central axis of the machine tool ram. In general, the spindle head of the machine tool is also disposed on the central axis of the machine tool ram, or the swing center of the spindle head is located on the central axis of the machine tool ram, so that the load force borne by the spindle head can be transferred to the track surface 1 in a direction perpendicular to the track surface 1, so that the front surface of the linear slide 11 bears more load force.

The front surface of the linear slide 11 is the surface of the linear slide 11 opposite to the mounting surface. The side surfaces of the linear slide 11 generally enclose a rectangle, that is, the cross section of the linear slide 11 is rectangular, one side surface contacts the track surface 1, which is called the installation surface of the linear slide 11, the surface opposite to the installation surface is the front surface of the linear slide 11, and the two surfaces adjacent to the installation surface are the side surfaces of the linear slide 11. The existing machine tool ram is square or rectangular similar to the square, and two opposite surfaces of the machine tool ram are track surfaces. Therefore, in the conventional machine tool ram, the front faces of all the slide rails are parallel to each other, and the front faces of the slide rails can only bear load force in one direction, and load force in other directions needs to be borne by the side faces of the slide rails. Because the slide rail is fixed on the track surface through the screw generally, the front stress direction of the slide rail is the same as the fixing force direction of the slide rail, and the stress direction of the side surface of the slide rail is perpendicular to the fixing force direction of the slide rail, the stress of the side surface of the slide rail can more easily cause the deviation of the position of the slide rail. In addition, the area of the front surface of the sliding rail is usually larger, the area of the side surface of the sliding rail is usually much smaller, and the side surface of the sliding rail is stressed to bear larger pressure, so that the side surface of the sliding rail is more easily worn. These all lead to the decline of slide rail positioning accuracy, reduce the axial motion precision of ram, namely the Z axle motion precision of lathe.

Compared with the arrangement that two mutually parallel track surfaces are arranged on the existing machine tool ram, the arrangement of the track surfaces 1 in at least three different directions on the machine tool ram is difficult to ensure the position accuracy of the track surfaces 1, and the machining difficulty of the track surfaces 1 is greatly increased. In contrast, the machine tool ram of the application adopts a method of firstly processing and forming one track surface 1, then using the track surface 1 as a reference surface, and finishing the processing of all other track surfaces 1, driving surfaces 2 and observation detection surfaces 3 by adopting a high-precision five-axis linkage numerical control machine tool for one-time clamping, thereby ensuring the processing precision of all functional surfaces on the outer side of the machine tool ram, in particular the position precision among all track surfaces 1. And an online detection head is arranged on the numerical control machine tool, actual processing data is detected online in the processing process, and the detection result is fed back to a control system of the numerical control machine tool, so that errors in the processing process are corrected online, and the position accuracy of the track surface 1 in different directions is ensured.

In a preferred embodiment of the machine ram of the present application, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, a lead screw nut mounting structure 21 is provided on the drive face 2. The driving surface 2 is usually provided as a plane with additional structure, and a screw nut mounting structure 21 is usually provided at an upper portion of the driving surface 2, on which screw nut mounting structure 21 a nut for driving a screw for axially moving a ram of a machine tool can be mounted. The screw rod is driven to rotate through the driving motor, so that the nut can be driven to move up and down along the screw rod, and then the ram of the machine tool is driven to move along the extending direction of the linear slide rail 11, namely the Z-axis direction of the machine tool. The lead screw nut mounting structure 21 is typically a mounting platform protruding from the driving surface 2, and a plurality of mounting holes for fixing the lead screw nut are typically provided on the lead screw nut mounting structure 21. An operation window can be arranged below the driving surface 2, so that facilities arranged in the circular hole in the ram of the machine tool can be conveniently operated through the operation window.

In some embodiments of the machine ram of the present application, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the inspection surface 3 includes a grating ruler mounting surface 31 and an inspection window surface 32. The grating ruler mounting surface 31 is provided with a mounting structure for mounting a grating ruler, the grating main ruler 311 of the grating ruler is fixed on the grating ruler mounting surface 31, and when in actual application, a reading head of the grating ruler is mounted on the ram supporting structure and used for detecting the actual moving distance of the ram of the machine tool. The grating main scale 311 is installed parallel to the central axis of the machine ram, so that the relative position of the grating main scale 311 and the reading head does not deviate in the movement process of the machine ram, and the movement displacement of the grating main scale 311 is consistent with the movement displacement of the extrusion ram.

The observation window surface 32 is provided with a plurality of observation windows 321, and the plurality of observation windows 321 are arranged on the observation window surface 32 at intervals, so that the mechanical strength of the observation window surface 32 is ensured while the condition that different positions in circular holes in the ram of the machine tool can be observed is ensured.

The specific observation detection surface 3 is set as a grating ruler installation surface 31 or an observation window surface 32, and needs to be set according to the actual requirement of a machine tool ram. When a plurality of observation surfaces 3 are provided on the machine tool ram, the grating ruler mounting surface 31 and the observation window surface 32 may be provided at the same time.

In some embodiments of the machine ram of the present application, as shown in fig. 1-4, four raceway surfaces 1, two drive surfaces 2, and two observation detection surfaces 3 are provided on the machine ram such that the outer side of the machine ram forms an octagonal structure with eight surfaces.

The four track surfaces 1 are symmetrically arranged relative to the central axis of the machine tool ram, so that the widths of the four track surfaces 1 are equal, and two track surfaces 1 adjacent to each other are mutually perpendicular. Therefore, the machine tool ram can be limited at the center position inside the four linear slide rails 11 from the periphery of the machine tool ram through the four linear slide rails 11 arranged on the four track surfaces 1, the position of the machine tool ram is better limited through the front stress of the linear slide rails 11, the precision and the stability of the position of the machine tool ram are ensured, the force born by the machine tool ram is converted into the front stress of the linear slide rails 11, the abrasion of the linear slide rails is reduced, and when the linear slide rails 11 are worn, the repair of the track surfaces and the adjustment of the mutual coordination between the linear slide rails 11 and the linear slide blocks 13 are facilitated.

The two driving surfaces 2 and the two observing and detecting surfaces 3 are respectively arranged oppositely, and the two driving surfaces 2 and the two observing and detecting surfaces 3 are symmetrically arranged relative to the central axis of the ram of the machine tool. At this time, the widths of the two driving surfaces 2 are equal, the widths of the two observation detecting surfaces 3 are equal, and the widths of the driving surfaces 2 are equal to the widths of the observation detecting surfaces 3; the two driving surfaces 2 are parallel to each other, the two observation and detection surfaces 3 are parallel to each other, and the driving surfaces 2 are perpendicular to the observation and detection surfaces 3. The angle between each track surface 1 and the adjacent driving surface 2 is 45 °, and the angle between each track surface 1 and the adjacent observation surface 3 is 45 °. Therefore, the two driving structures arranged on the two driving surfaces can apply driving force to the machine tool ram from the positions of the two sides of the machine tool ram, so that the driving force for driving the machine tool ram to move is more stable, smooth movement of the machine tool ram is ensured, and the axial movement precision of the machine tool ram is improved.

In a preferred embodiment of the machine tool ram of the present application, as shown in fig. 1 to 4, one grating ruler mounting surface 31 and one observation window surface 32 are included in two observation detection surfaces 3 provided on the machine tool ram. Therefore, the actual movement displacement of the machine tool ram can be monitored, the closed-loop control of the movement of the machine tool ram can be formed through negative feedback of the detection result, and meanwhile, the condition of the internal facility of the machine tool ram can be observed, so that the internal facility of the machine tool ram can be maintained and maintained conveniently.

As a specific embodiment of the machine ram of the present application, as shown in fig. 4 and 5, a grating scale groove 312 is provided on the grating scale mounting surface 31. The grating scale groove 312 is provided in the middle of the grating scale mounting surface 31 in the width direction and extends in the length direction of the grating scale mounting surface 31 such that the length direction of the grating scale groove 312 is parallel to the center axis of the machine ram. One end of the grating ruler groove 312 in the length direction is positioned inside the grating ruler mounting surface 31, so that the end face of the end of the grating ruler groove 312 is in a closed state; the other end of the grating ruler groove 312 extends to the end of the machine ram such that the grating ruler groove 312 opens at the end face of the machine ram.

A grating main scale mounting table 313 is provided in the grating scale groove 312, and the grating main scale mounting table 313 is higher than the groove bottom surface of the grating scale groove 312 but lower than the grating scale mounting surface 31. The grating main scale mounting table 313 is disposed at a position close to the open end of the grating scale groove 312, and is disposed along one side edge of the grating scale groove 312, and one end of the grating main scale mounting table 313 extends to the end face of the open end of the grating scale groove 312. A positioning boss can be further arranged on one side of the grating main scale mounting table 313 adjacent to the side wall of the grating scale groove 312, the grating main scale 311 is mounted on the grating main scale mounting table 313, and the grating main scale 311 is positioned by utilizing the positioning boss, so that the grating main scale 311 is ensured to be positioned parallel to the central axis of the ram of the machine tool. The arrangement of the grating main scale mounting table 313 can also form an accommodating space lower than the mounting surface at one side of the grating main scale mounting table 313, which is beneficial to the arrangement of the grating main scale lateral matching structure.

Of course, the side wall of the grating scale groove 312 adjacent to the grating main scale mounting table 313 may be used as the mounting reference of the grating main scale 311, so as to simplify the structure of the grating main scale mounting table 313, but this may increase the processing requirements of the grating scale groove 312.

In some embodiments of the machine ram of the present application, as shown in fig. 4 and 6, the slide mounting structure on the raceway surface 1 is a wire rail mounting groove 12 provided on the raceway surface. The wire rail mounting groove 12 is provided in the middle of the track surface 1 in the width direction and extends in the length direction of the track surface 1 such that the wire rail mounting groove 12 is parallel to the center axis of the machine ram. The two ends of the wire rail mounting groove 12 extend to the two ends of the machine ram in the length direction, and openings of the wire rail mounting groove 12 are formed on the end surfaces of the two ends.

The bottom surface of the linear rail mounting groove 12 is parallel to the rail surface 1, and one side surface of the linear rail mounting groove 12 is perpendicular to the bottom surface of the linear rail mounting groove 12 and the rail surface 1, and is finished to have high straightness, and is used as a linear rail mounting reference surface 121 for accurately positioning the linear slide rail 11. The other side of the wire rail mounting groove 12 is provided with a wedge-shaped pressing groove 122, the setting depth of the wedge-shaped pressing groove 122 is larger than the depth of the wire rail mounting groove 12, and the side surface of the wedge-shaped pressing groove 122 opposite to the wire rail mounting groove 12 is inclined towards the direction of the wire rail mounting groove 12, so that a wedge-shaped surface is formed.

One side of the linear slide rail 11 is mounted on the bottom surface of the linear rail mounting groove 12 against the linear rail mounting reference surface 121, and the extending direction of the linear slide rail 11 is ensured by the linear rail mounting reference surface 121. The other side of the linear slide 11 slightly exceeds the bottom surface of the linear guide mounting groove 12 and enters the edge of the wedge-shaped pressing groove 122. A plurality of wedge-shaped pressing pieces 123 are provided in the wedge-shaped pressing groove 122, and the wedge-shaped pressing pieces 123 are fixed in the wedge-shaped pressing groove 122 by screws. The side face of one side far away from the linear slide rail 11 of the wedge-shaped pressing block 123 is set to be a wedge face matched with the wedge face of the wedge-shaped pressing groove 122, and the diameter of a hole in the wedge-shaped pressing block 123 for a fixing screw to pass through is slightly larger, or is set to be a kidney-shaped hole, along with the screwing of the fixing screw, the wedge face of the wedge-shaped pressing groove 122 presses the wedge face of the wedge-shaped pressing block 123, so that the wedge-shaped pressing block 123 generates a trend of moving towards the linear slide rail 11, the linear slide rail is pushed to be tightly attached to the linear slide rail mounting datum plane 121, and the positioning precision and the position stability of the linear slide rail 11 are improved.

An embodiment of the gantry machine tool of the application, which uses the machine ram of any embodiment of the application, also has the advantages of the machine ram of the corresponding embodiment.

In a specific embodiment of the gantry machine tool of the present application, as shown in fig. 7 and 8, a beam slide 4 and a slide support plate 5 are provided on the side of a machine tool ram, and a C-axis moving arm 6, an A-Axis moving arm 7, and a spindle head 8 are provided on one end of the machine tool ram.

The beam slide 4 and the slide support plate 5 are respectively provided with two, the two beam slide 4 are oppositely arranged, the two slide support plates 5 are respectively arranged on two sides of the two beam slide 4 and are fixed between the two beam slide 4, and the machine tool ram is arranged in a space surrounded by the two beam slide 4 and the two slide support plates 5 and can move along the central axis direction of the machine tool ram in the space to form Z-axis movement.

One end of the C-axis motion arm 6 is fixed to an end portion of the machine tool ram, and the other end of the C-axis motion arm 6 is rotatable with respect to a central axis of the machine tool ram to form a C-axis motion (rotational motion). The A-Axis moving arm 7 is fixed to an end surface of the other end of the C-axis moving arm 6 so as to be able to move along with the C-axis moving arm 6. The A-Axis moving arm 7 is provided with a swing shaft, and the spindle head 8 is fixed to the swing shaft of the A-Axis moving arm 7 and can swing along with the rotation of the swing shaft of the A-Axis moving arm 7 to form A-Axis movement of the spindle head 8. The spindle head 8 can also be rotated by the spindle motor to rotate a machining tool attached to the spindle head 8, thereby cutting a workpiece.

The beam slide plate 4 is mounted on the beam of the gantry machine tool and can slide on the beam to form the Y-axis motion of the machine tool ram. In addition, the machine ram can also move along the X-axis along with the movement of the cross beam on the machine body. Thus, the movement of the spindle head 8 can be superimposed on each other by the X-axis movement, the Y-axis movement, the Z-axis movement, the C-axis movement, and the A-Axis movement, forming five-axis linkage of the spindle head 8.

The beam slide 4 is provided with a screw drive surface 41 facing the drive surface 2 and a slider mount surface 42 facing the track surface 1. In a preferred embodiment, a screw drive surface 41 is provided in the middle of each beam slide 4, and a slider mounting surface 42 is provided on each side of the screw drive surface 41, with both slider mounting surfaces 42 forming an angle of 45 ° with the screw drive surface 41. The linear slide rail 11 is provided with a linear slide rail slider 13 matched with the linear slide rail 11, and the linear slide rail slider 13 is fixed on a slide block mounting surface 42, so that the machine tool ram can slide along the central axis of the machine tool ram on the beam slide plate 4 through the sliding of the linear slide rail slider 13 on the linear slide rail 11. The fit clearance between the linear slide 13 and the linear slide 11 can be adjusted by controlling the width of the slide support plate 5 or controlling the connection distance between the cross beam slide 4 and the slide support plate 5. After the adjustment of the fit clearance between the linear rail slide block 13 and the linear slide rail 11 is completed, the joint between the beam slide plate 4 and the slide plate support plate 5 can be fixed by glue injection, so that the stability of the fit clearance between the linear rail slide block 13 and the linear slide rail 11 is maintained.

A Z-axis screw rod 43 is arranged between the screw rod driving surface 41 and the driving surface 2, two end parts of the Z-axis screw rod 43 are rotatably fixed on the beam sliding plate 4, a nut of the Z-axis screw rod 43 is fixed on the driving surface 2, a driving motor connected with the Z-axis screw rod 43 is arranged on the beam sliding plate 4, the driving motor can rotate under the control of a control system, and the nut of the Z-axis screw rod 43 is driven to move on the Z-axis screw rod 43 to drive a ram of a machine tool to move along the Z axis.

In the description of the present application, reference to the terms "one embodiment," "a particular embodiment," "a preferred embodiment," and the like, means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In the present application, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

The above embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the present application, so: all equivalent changes in structure, shape and principle of the application should be covered in the scope of protection of the application.

Claims (10)

1. A machine tool ram, characterized by: including track face (1), driving surface (2) and observation detection face (3), track face (1) is provided with at least three, track face (1) with driving surface (2) or observation detection face (3) are in the outside surface of lathe ram sets up in turn, be provided with slide rail mounting structure on track face (1), slide rail mounting structure with the axis of lathe ram is parallel to each other.

2. A machine tool ram according to claim 1, wherein: the track surface (1) is centrosymmetric by taking the central axis of the machine tool ram as a symmetry axis.

3. A machine tool ram according to claim 1, wherein: and a screw nut mounting structure (21) is arranged on the driving surface (2).

4. A machine tool ram according to claim 1, wherein: the observation detection surface (3) comprises a grating ruler mounting surface (31) and an observation window surface (32), a grating main ruler (311) is mounted on the grating ruler mounting surface (31), the grating main ruler (311) is parallel to the central axis of the machine tool ram, and a plurality of observation windows (321) are arranged on the observation window surface (32).

5. The machine ram of any of claims 1-4, wherein: four track surfaces (1) are arranged, and the four track surfaces (1) are symmetrically arranged relative to the central axis of the machine tool ram; the driving surface (2) and the observation and detection surface (3) are respectively provided with two, and the driving surface (2) and the observation and detection surface (3) are mutually spaced and are symmetrically arranged relative to the central axis of the machine tool ram; the included angles between the track surface (1) and the adjacent driving surface (2) or the observation detection surface (3) are 45 degrees.

6. A machine tool ram according to claim 5, wherein: the two observation detection surfaces (3) comprise a grating ruler mounting surface (31) and an observation window surface (32).

7. The machine ram of claim 6, wherein: be provided with grating chi recess (312) on grating chi installation face (31), grating chi recess (312) set up in the middle part of grating chi installation face (31) and be on a parallel with the axis setting of lathe ram, one end of grating chi recess (312) is located in grating chi installation face (31), the other end extends to the tip of lathe ram, be provided with grating main scale mount pad (313) in grating chi recess (312), grating main scale mount pad (313) are followed one side edge of grating chi recess (312) extends to the open end of grating chi recess (312).

8. A machine tool ram according to claim 5, wherein: the sliding rail mounting structure comprises a linear rail mounting groove (12), the linear rail mounting groove (12) is parallel to the central axis of the machine tool ram, two ends of the linear rail mounting groove extend to two ends of the machine tool ram, one side face of the linear rail mounting groove (12) is provided with a linear rail mounting datum plane (121), and the other side of the linear rail mounting groove is provided with a wedge-shaped pressing groove (122).

9. A gantry machine tool, characterized in that: a machine ram comprising any of claims 1-8.

10. Gantry machine tool according to claim 9, characterized in that: the machine tool comprises a machine tool body, and is characterized by further comprising a beam sliding plate (4), a sliding plate supporting plate (5), a C-axis moving arm (6), an A-axis moving arm (7) and a spindle head (8), wherein the machine tool ram is arranged in a space surrounded by the beam sliding plate (4) and the sliding plate supporting plate (5) and is arranged on the beam through the beam sliding plate (4), the C-axis moving arm (6) is arranged at the end part of the machine tool ram, the A-axis moving arm (7) is arranged on the C-axis moving arm (6), and the spindle head (8) is arranged on the A-axis moving arm (7); the novel cross beam device comprises a cross beam sliding plate (4), a screw rod driving surface (41) opposite to the driving surface (2) and a sliding block mounting surface (42) opposite to the track surface (1), wherein a linear sliding rail (11) is mounted on the track surface (1), a linear rail sliding block (13) is arranged on the linear sliding rail (11), the cross beam sliding plate (4) is mounted on the linear rail sliding block (13) through the sliding block mounting surface (42), a Z-axis screw rod (43) is arranged between the screw rod driving surface (41) and the driving surface (2), the Z-axis screw rod (43) is rotationally connected with the cross beam sliding plate (4), and a nut of the Z-axis screw rod (43) is fixed on the driving surface (2).