CN116888436A - 分析装置、测量系统、测量方法以及程序 - Google Patents

分析装置、测量系统、测量方法以及程序 Download PDF

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CN116888436A
CN116888436A CN202180093734.7A CN202180093734A CN116888436A CN 116888436 A CN116888436 A CN 116888436A CN 202180093734 A CN202180093734 A CN 202180093734A CN 116888436 A CN116888436 A CN 116888436A
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frequency
ofdr
analysis device
spectral
spectrogram
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冈本达也
饭田大辅
古敷谷优介
本田奈月
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Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corp
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    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
    • G01D5/35338—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using other arrangements than interferometer arrangements
    • G01D5/35354—Sensor working in reflection
    • G01D5/35358—Sensor working in reflection using backscattering to detect the measured quantity
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
    • G01D5/35338—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using other arrangements than interferometer arrangements
    • G01D5/35354—Sensor working in reflection
    • G01D5/35358—Sensor working in reflection using backscattering to detect the measured quantity
    • G01D5/35361—Sensor working in reflection using backscattering to detect the measured quantity using elastic backscattering to detect the measured quantity, e.g. using Rayleigh backscattering
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    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
    • G01K11/32—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
    • G01L1/24—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet
    • G01L1/242—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet the material being an optical fibre

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optical Transform (AREA)
  • Measuring Temperature Or Quantity Of Heat (AREA)

Abstract

本公开的目的是减少测量仪噪声，而不会导致接收系统的复杂化以及分析时间的延长。本公开使用在不同时间由同一OFDR测量仪测量的多个频谱数据，生成表示频率特性的时间变化的光谱图，在时间方向和频率方向两者上对所述光谱图进行滤波。

Description

分析装置、测量系统、测量方法以及程序
技术领域
本公开涉及对光纤中后向散射光的频谱进行分析的技术。
背景技术
通过使用OFDR(Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometry，光学频域反射)对光纤中的瑞利后向散射光的频谱的时序数据(频谱图)进行测量，分析频谱移位，能够进行温度应变传感(非专利文献1、2)。但是，在OFDR的激光器中有相位噪声的情况下，各时刻的频谱结构发生变化，再现性恶化。因此，激光器的相位噪声成为温度应变引起的频谱移位分析中的噪声。
非专利文献3提出了一种技术，在温度应变传感的同时对激光器的相位噪声进行监测，并补偿相位噪声。但是，由于非专利文献3的技术追加了监视用的接收信道，因此导致了接收系统的复杂化以及负荷大的信号处理导致的分析时间的延长。
现有技术文献
非专利文献
非专利文献1：Mark Froggatt,and Jason Moore."High-spatial-resolutiondistributed strain measurement in optical fiber with Rayleigh scatter."Applied Optics 37.10(1998):1735-1740。
非专利文献2：D.P.Zhou,Z.Qin,W.Li,L.Chen,and X.Bao,"Distributedvibration sensing with time-resolved optical frequency-domain reflectometry,"Opt.Exp.,vol.20,no.12,pp.13138-13145,2012。
非专利文献3：Z.Zhang,X.Fan and Z.He,"Long-Range Distributed StaticStrain Sensing With<100Nano-Strain Resolution Realized Using OFDR,"Journal ofLightwave Technology,vol.37,no.18,pp.4590-4596,15Sept.15,2019。
发明内容
发明要解决的问题
本公开的目的是减少测量仪噪声，而不会导致接收系统的复杂化以及分析时间的延长。
解决问题的手段
本公开的分析装置，
使用在不同时间由同一OFDR测量仪测量的多个频谱数据，生成表示频率特性的时间变化的光谱图；
在时间方向和频率方向两者上对所述光谱图进行滤波。
本公开的测量系统，具备：OFDR和本公开的分析装置。
本公开的测量方法，包括以下步骤：
通过在不同时间使用同一OFDR测量仪测量后向散射光，获取多个频谱数据；
使用所述多个频谱数据，生成表示频率特性的时间变化的光谱图；
在时间方向和频率方向两者上对所述光谱图进行滤波。
本公开的程序是用于使计算机实现本公开的分析装置所包括的各功能部的程序，且是用于使计算机执行本公开的分析装置执行的方法所具备的各步骤的程序。
发明效果
根据本公开，能够抑制由激光器的相位噪声引起的频谱结构的变化，能够降低测量仪噪声，而不会导致接收系统的复杂化和分析时间的延长。
附图说明
图1示出了本公开的系统结构的一例。
图2示出了OFDR测量仪的结构例。
图3示出了通过OFDR测量仪获得的频谱的一例。
图4示出了通过OFDR测量仪获得的频谱的一例。
图5是滤波前的光谱图的一例。
图6示出了高斯滤波器的滤波器特性的一例。
图7是滤波后的光谱图的一例。
图8示出了应用本公开的滤波器的情况下，从光谱移位分析出的应变的时间波形的一例。
图9示出了未应用滤波器的情况下，应变的时间波形的一例。
图10示出了应变的频谱密度的一例。
具体实施方式
以下，将参照附图详细地说明本公开的实施方式。另外，本公开不限于以下所示的实施方式。这些实施的例子仅仅是示例，本公开能够基于本领域技术人员的知识，以实施各种改变、改良的方式来实施。另外，在本说明书以及附图中，附图标记相同的结构要素表示彼此相同的结构要素。
图1示出了本公开的系统结构的一例。本公开的测量系统，具备：OFDR测量仪10，用于测量被测量光纤4中反射或散射的后向散射光的频谱；和，频谱分析部20，用于获取并分析通过OFDR测量仪10获得的频谱数据。频谱分析部20作为本公开的分析装置而发挥作用，也可以通过计算机和程序实现，程序既可以存储于存储介质中，也可以通过网络提供。
图2示出了OFDR测量仪10的结构例。OFDR测量仪10包括：作为频率扫描光源的激光器1、耦合器2、循环器3、耦合器5、平衡型光接收器6、A/D转换器7和分析部8。
耦合器2将来自激光器1的光分支到本地光用的参照光路和探测光用的测量光路。分支到测量光路的探测光经由耦合器2以及循环器3，入射到被测量光纤4。耦合器5将被测量光纤4中的后向散射光即信号光和被耦合器2分支的本地光进行合波。平衡型光接收器6接收由耦合器5合波后的干涉光。该干涉光具有与参照光路和测量光路的光路长度之差对应的差拍频率。A/D转换器7将平衡型光接收器6的输出信号转换为数字信号。分析部8使用来自A/D转换器7的数字信号进行分析，测量被测量光纤4中的后向散射光的频谱。
图3以及图4示出了通过OFDR测量仪10获得的频谱的一例。在激光器1的相位噪声不影响频谱测量的情况下，如图3所示，每次测量的频谱结构都相同，在保持频谱结构的情况下根据温度应变量进行频谱移位。另一方面，在激光器1的相位噪声影响频谱测量的情况下，如图4所示，每次测量的频谱结构都会发生变化，无法计算出与温度应变量对应的频谱移位。
本公开的频谱分析部20使用多个频谱数据，生成表示频率特性的时间变化的光谱图。图5示出了不执行本公开的滤波的情况下的光谱图的一例。在图5中，仅未出了光谱强度较大的波段。
本公开的频谱分析部20通过对生成的光谱图应用时间方向和频率方向两者上的高斯滤波器f(t,n)，从而减少了由激光器1的相位噪声导致的频谱结构的变化。
[数学式1]
其中，t是时间，ν是光频率，Δt是高斯滤波器的时间方向的宽度，Δν是频率方向的宽度。
图6表示Δt＝10ms、Δν＝30.3MHz的高斯滤波器的滤波器特性的一例。高斯滤波器在时间方向上的宽度Δt决定了低通滤波器相对于频谱移位的截止频率fc～1/Δt。另外，通过使频率方向的宽度Δν小于测量的光谱图的频率分辨率，能够维持原频谱结构。因此，使宽度Δν小于OFDR测量仪10的频率分辨率。另一方面，如果模糊大于频率分辨率，则可能丢失原频谱结构。
通过测量静止状态的被测量光纤4，能够测量OFDR测量仪10的噪声。因此，对静止状态的被测量光纤4的1个地点的光谱图进行分析，评价OFDR测量仪10的噪声。具体地，将具有图4所示的特性的高斯滤波器应用于以光谱分析长度1.3m(相应的频率分辨率为77MHz)分析的光谱图。
图7示出了本公开的光谱图的一例。图7也仅示出了光谱强度较大的波段。与图5所示的没有高斯滤波器的情况相比，图7所示的光谱图通过应用高斯滤波器，能够抑制激光器的相位噪声导致的频谱结构的再现性劣化，在各时刻获得相同的频谱结构。
图8-图10表示对测量的应变进行滤波的效果的一例。图8以及图9示出了从光谱移位分析出的应变的时间波形的一例。图8示出了应用本公开的高斯滤波器的情况。图9示出了未应用滤波器的情况。图10是应变的频谱密度。从图10所示的频谱密度可以知晓，通过高斯滤波器的低通滤波，降低了40Hz以上的高频成分。因此，根据本公开可以知晓，由激光器的相位噪声导致的频谱结构的变化得以抑制，其结果是降低了测量仪噪声。因此，本公开可以通过使用滤波后的光谱图来计算频谱移位，执行抑制了频谱结构的变化的温度应变传感。
产业上应用的可能性
本公开可应用于信息通信产业。
附图标记说明
1：激光器
2：耦合器
3：循环器
4：被测量光纤
5：耦合器
6：平衡型光接收器
7：A/D转换器
8：分析部
10：OFDR测量仪
20：频谱分析部。

Claims (8)

1.分析装置，
使用在不同时间由同一OFDR测量仪测量的多个频谱数据，生成表示频率特性的时间变化的光谱图；
在时间方向和频率方向两者上对所述光谱图进行滤波。
2.根据权利要求1所述的分析装置，使用滤波后的光谱图来计算频谱移位。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的分析装置，时间方向的滤波的宽度Δt由相对于频谱移位的截止频率确定。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的分析装置，频率方向的滤波的宽度Δν小于所述OFDR测量仪的频率分辨率。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的分析装置，所述滤波是高斯滤波器。
6.测量系统，具备：
OFDR测量仪；和，
权利要求1至5中任一项所述的分析装置，获取在不同时间由所述OFDR测量仪测量的多个频谱数据。
7.测量方法，包括以下步骤：
通过在不同时间使用同一OFDR测量仪测量后向散射光，获取多个频谱数据；
使用所述多个频谱数据，生成表示频率特性的时间变化的光谱图；
在时间方向和频率方向两者上对所述光谱图进行滤波。
8.程序，用于使计算机实现权利要求1至5中任一项所述的分析装置所具备的各功能部。
CN202180093734.7A 2021-03-25 2021-03-25 分析装置、测量系统、测量方法以及程序 Pending CN116888436A (zh)

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GB9626099D0 (en) * 1996-12-16 1997-02-05 King S College London Distributed strain and temperature measuring system
JP4102291B2 (ja) * 2003-11-17 2008-06-18 独立行政法人 宇宙航空研究開発機構 Ｏｆｄｒ方式の歪連続分布計測装置
JP5413931B2 (ja) * 2013-02-20 2014-02-12 株式会社フジクラ 光ファイバ位置特定のための光学マーキング部を備えた光ファイバセンサおよび光ファイバセンサの計測方法と光ファイバセンサ装置
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US20180045542A1 (en) * 2015-06-22 2018-02-15 Omnisens Sa A method for reducing noise in measurements taken by a distributed sensor
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