CN116885986B - Excitation regulator for vehicle-mounted generator - Google Patents
Excitation regulator for vehicle-mounted generator Download PDFInfo
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- CN116885986B CN116885986B CN202310903533.XA CN202310903533A CN116885986B CN 116885986 B CN116885986 B CN 116885986B CN 202310903533 A CN202310903533 A CN 202310903533A CN 116885986 B CN116885986 B CN 116885986B
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- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004353 relayed correlation spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
- H02P9/14—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by variation of field
- H02P9/26—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by variation of field using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
- H02P9/30—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by variation of field using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices
- H02P9/305—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by variation of field using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices controlling voltage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H1/00—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
- H02H1/0007—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements concerning the detecting means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/06—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for dynamo-electric generators; for synchronous capacitors
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an excitation regulator for an on-board generator, which comprises a control unit, an analog unit and a power unit, wherein the analog unit is used for detecting and protecting the abnormality of the output voltage of the generator, the output voltage of the power unit, load current, exciting current and MOS state level signals and indicating the undervoltage of the output voltage of the generator; the power unit is used for carrying out half-bridge rectification on three-phase alternating current of the generator to generate output voltage to the exciting winding, and inputting the detected MOS state level signal to the simulation unit; the control unit is used for collecting the voltage, current and state detection signals output by the analog unit and outputting PWM signals to the analog unit through the MOS tube driving circuit. The scheme can improve the stability and the continuity of the output voltage regulation of the vehicle-mounted generator.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of motor control, in particular to an excitation regulator for a vehicle-mounted generator.
Background
The excitation regulator is key control equipment of the generator, and has the function of controlling the output voltage and reactive power of the generator and ensuring the stable operation of the generator. The excitation regulator outputs a trigger pulse signal by receiving a generator feedback signal to control the excitation power unit to be conducted, so that corresponding excitation current is provided for the generator excitation winding.
The existing vehicle management system has the functions of power generation voltage control, electric load power supply management and the like, and can set the output voltage of the generator through PWM or LIN communication. The power generation voltage is reduced when the vehicle accelerates, so that the acceleration of the vehicle is ensured, and the power generation voltage is increased in the vehicle decelerating process, so that the braking energy recovery is realized.
However, the existing vehicle-mounted generator excitation regulator is easy to cause voltage imbalance when the output voltage of the generator is suddenly changed, and continuous and stable regulation of the voltage of the generator cannot be realized.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the invention provides an excitation regulator for a vehicle-mounted generator, which can be rapidly adapted to accurate and continuous regulation of the output voltage of the generator under the conditions of vehicle starting, sudden load increase or sudden load decrease, and can improve the running stability of the vehicle; and the generator can be monitored in real time in abnormal states such as overvoltage and undervoltage, and an alarm indication can be sent out in time, so that the safety of vehicle driving is improved.
The invention provides an excitation regulator for an on-board generator, which comprises a control unit, an analog unit and a power unit,
the simulation unit is used for carrying out abnormality detection and protection on the generator output voltage, the power unit output voltage, the load current, the exciting current and the MOS state level signal, and carrying out undervoltage indication on the generator output voltage;
the power unit is used for carrying out half-bridge rectification on three-phase alternating current of the generator to generate output voltage to the exciting winding, and inputting the detected MOS state level signal to the simulation unit;
the control unit is used for collecting the voltage, current and state detection signals output by the analog unit and outputting PWM signals to the analog unit through the MOS tube driving circuit.
Optionally, in the excitation regulator, the analog unit includes a first power conversion circuit, a protection circuit, and an undervoltage indication circuit; the power unit comprises an excitation loop, an MOS tube state detection circuit and a half-bridge rectification circuit; the control unit comprises a microcontroller, a second power supply conversion circuit, a signal acquisition and detection circuit, a CAN communication circuit and a MOS tube driving circuit, wherein the second power supply conversion circuit, the signal acquisition and detection circuit, the CAN communication circuit and the MOS tube driving circuit are connected with the microcontroller, and the signal acquisition and detection circuit comprises a voltage acquisition circuit, a current acquisition circuit, an output voltage regulation circuit and a state detection circuit.
Optionally, in the excitation regulator, the first power conversion circuit includes a first LDO regulator chip and a first voltage reference chip, the first LDO regulator chip is configured to convert an external power supply voltage into a 15V power supply voltage, the first voltage reference chip is configured to convert the 15V power supply voltage into a 5V power supply voltage, the first LDO regulator chip employs LM317HVT, and the first voltage reference chip employs TL431.
Optionally, in the excitation regulator, the protection circuit includes an overvoltage protection circuit, an overcurrent protection circuit, a MOS abnormality protection circuit, a software protection circuit, and a protection trigger circuit;
the overvoltage protection circuit is used for inputting external power supply voltage into the same-directional end of the first comparator, inputting generator output voltage into the same-directional end of the second comparator, inputting power unit output voltage into the same-directional end of the third comparator, and outputting 15V high level to the protection trigger circuit when the same-directional end voltage is greater than 5V;
the overcurrent protection circuit is used for inputting load current into the homodromous end of the fourth comparator, and outputting 15V high level to the protection trigger circuit when the load current exceeds a preset threshold value;
the MOS abnormal protection circuit is used for enabling the protection trigger circuit to act when the MOS state signal is detected to be in a high level;
the software protection circuit is used for enabling the protection trigger circuit to act when receiving the high-level signal output by the control unit;
the protection trigger circuit is used for inputting a 15V high-level signal into the same-direction end of the fifth comparator, the fifth comparator outputs voltage to enable the fifth MOS tube to be conducted, and the relay in the excitation loop is controlled to be disconnected through the relay port signal.
Optionally, in the excitation regulator, the undervoltage indication circuit includes a hardware undervoltage indication circuit and a software undervoltage indication circuit, where the hardware undervoltage indication circuit is configured to detect an output voltage of the generator through a seventh comparator, and when the output voltage of the generator is less than 22V, trigger the sixth MOS transistor to be turned on, so that the undervoltage indication lamp is turned on;
the software undervoltage indicating circuit is used for receiving the undervoltage alarm signal output by the control unit through the eighth comparator, and the eighth comparator circuit triggers the sixth MOS tube to be conducted so that the undervoltage indicating lamp is turned on.
Optionally, in the excitation regulator, the excitation loop includes a current limiting resistor, a second MOS tube, a third MOS tube, a fourth MOS tube, a relay, and a hall current sensor, where the current limiting resistor is used to protect the excitation loop, and when the PWM signal output by the analog unit turns on the second MOS tube, the third MOS tube, and the fourth MOS tube, the excitation loop outputs a voltage to the generator excitation winding, and the hall current sensor is used to output an excitation current to the analog unit for excitation current collection.
Optionally, in the excitation regulator, the MOS state detection circuit includes a triode, configured to receive that the triode is not turned on when the second MOS transistor, the third MOS transistor, and the fourth MOS transistor are normally turned on, and to output a 15V high level to the analog unit when the second MOS transistor, the third MOS transistor, and the fourth MOS transistor are not turned on.
Optionally, in the excitation regulator, the half-bridge rectifying circuit includes a first diode, a second diode, a fourth diode, a first rectifying capacitor, a second rectifying capacitor, a first electrolytic capacitor and a second electrolytic capacitor, and the first rectifying capacitor, the second rectifying capacitor, the first electrolytic capacitor and the second electrolytic capacitor are connected in parallel and then connected with cathodes of the first diode, the second diode and the fourth diode.
Optionally, in the excitation regulator, the second power conversion circuit includes a BUCK circuit, a second LDO voltage regulator chip, a second voltage reference chip and an isolation voltage chip, the second LDO voltage regulator chip adopts AMS1117-3.3, the second voltage reference chip adopts REF196GSZ, and the isolation voltage chip adopts B1515S-1WR3;
the BUCK voltage-reducing circuit is used for converting external power supply voltage into 5V voltage, and the second LDO voltage-stabilizing chip is used for converting the 5V voltage into 3.3V voltage to supply power for the microcontroller; the second voltage reference chip is used for converting 5V voltage into 3.3V reference voltage, the isolation voltage chip is used for outputting 3.3V isolation voltage, and the second voltage reference chip is used for isolating the optocoupler level conversion chip of the MOS tube driving circuit.
Optionally, in the excitation regulator, the current collecting circuit is configured to collect an excitation current output by the power module and a load current output by the analog unit;
the voltage acquisition circuit is used for acquiring a generator output voltage signal and a power unit output voltage, and the signals are amplified by the operational amplifier circuit and then input into the microcontroller;
the output voltage regulating circuit is used for regulating the output voltage fine-tuning signal through the operational amplifier circuit, and then collecting the output voltage fine-tuning signal through the microcontroller for voltage regulation;
the state detection circuit is used for detecting the left dust extraction state of the compensator and the right dust extraction state of the compensator, and overvoltage, overcurrent and undervoltage indication signals;
the CAN communication circuit is used for providing a CAN bus interface for the microcontroller and uploading the output voltage, current and abnormal state detection signals of the generator to the vehicle-mounted monitoring equipment;
the MOS tube driving circuit is used for carrying out level conversion on the 3.3V PWM signal output by the microcontroller through the optocoupler and outputting 15VMOS tube driving signals.
The excitation regulator for the vehicle-mounted generator provided by the invention can be quickly adapted to accurate and continuous regulation of the output voltage of the generator under the conditions of vehicle starting, sudden load increase or sudden load decrease, and can improve the running stability of the vehicle; and the generator can be monitored in real time in abnormal states such as overvoltage and undervoltage, and an alarm indication can be sent out in time, so that the safety of vehicle driving is improved.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the present invention, and is intended to be implemented in accordance with the teachings of the present invention in order that the same may be more clearly understood and to make the same and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention more readily apparent.
Drawings
Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Also, like reference numerals are used to designate like parts throughout the figures. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 illustrates an overall architecture schematic of an excitation regulator for an on-board generator according to one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of an excitation regulator circuit configuration according to one embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 is a circuit configuration diagram showing a first power conversion circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 shows a schematic circuit configuration of a protection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 shows a schematic circuit diagram of an undervoltage indication circuit according to one embodiment of the invention;
fig. 6 shows a schematic circuit configuration of a power cell according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 7 is a circuit configuration diagram showing a second power conversion circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 shows a schematic circuit configuration of a signal acquisition and detection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
The automobile generator is a main power supply of an automobile, and supplies power to all electric equipment and simultaneously charges a storage battery when the engine is in normal operation. With the increase of the vehicle-mounted electric load, the insufficient power generation of the generator in the idle or stop state may cause the vehicle to fail to start. In order to ensure the operation safety of the generator, the output voltage of the generator can be at a given value level by using exciting current as a regulated quantity to carry out closed-loop control.
In order to meet the high performance requirement of the vehicle-mounted generator on excitation regulation, the excitation regulator for the vehicle-mounted generator is provided, the voltage of the generator can be dynamically and continuously regulated, abnormal states such as overvoltage and undervoltage of the generator are monitored in real time, alarm indication is carried out, and the running safety of the vehicle-mounted generator can be improved.
FIG. 1 illustrates an overall architecture schematic of an excitation regulator for an on-board generator according to one embodiment of the invention. As shown in fig. 1, the excitation regulator includes a control unit, an analog unit, and a power unit. The excitation regulator provided by the scheme can be adapted to an oil-cooled generator, and the output voltage is controlled to be stabilized at 28V by regulating the current in the excitation loop of the generator, so that the requirements of starting, load sudden increase and load sudden decrease can be met.
The simulation unit is used for detecting and protecting abnormality of external power supply voltage, generator output voltage, power unit output voltage, load current, exciting current and MOS state level signals, and for indicating undervoltage of the generator output voltage.
The power unit is connected with the three-phase alternating current output end of the generator, and is used for carrying out half-bridge rectification on the three-phase alternating current of the generator to generate output voltage to the exciting winding, and inputting the detected MOS state level signal into the simulation unit.
The control unit is used for collecting voltage, current and state detection signals (including left and right dust extraction state detection, charging detection and overvoltage detection) output by the analog unit, and outputting PWM signals to the analog unit through the MOS tube driving circuit.
The MCU and the analog unit are powered by performing level conversion on the external power supply voltage. The excitation regulator is provided with a power supply indicator lamp and a work indicator lamp, the power supply lamp is normally on when the excitation regulator is electrified, and the work indicator lamp flashes at intervals of 1s when the excitation regulator is normally operated.
FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of an excitation regulator circuit configuration according to one embodiment of the invention. As shown in fig. 2, the analog unit includes a first power conversion circuit, a protection circuit, and an undervoltage indication circuit; the power unit comprises an excitation loop, an MOS tube state detection circuit and a half-bridge rectification circuit; the control unit comprises a microcontroller, a second power supply conversion circuit, a signal acquisition and detection circuit, a CAN communication circuit and a MOS tube driving circuit, wherein the second power supply conversion circuit, the signal acquisition and detection circuit, the CAN communication circuit and the MOS tube driving circuit are connected with the microcontroller, and the signal acquisition and detection circuit comprises a voltage acquisition circuit, a current acquisition circuit, an output voltage regulation circuit and a state detection circuit.
The system is powered by an external storage battery during operation, so that voltage conversion is required for an external power supply. The first power conversion circuit comprises a first LDO voltage stabilizing chip and a first voltage reference chip, wherein the first LDO voltage stabilizing chip is used for converting an external power supply voltage VCC into a 15V power supply voltage, and the first voltage reference chip is used for converting the 15V power supply voltage into a 5V power supply voltage.
Fig. 3 shows a circuit configuration diagram of a first power conversion circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 3, the first power conversion circuit includes a diode D7, a resistor R8, an electrolytic capacitor EC3, a first LDO voltage regulator chip (LM 317 HVT), a resistor R10, a resistor R16, an electrolytic capacitor EC4, and a capacitor C6, where the external power supply VCC is input to the Vin input terminal of LM317HVT through the diode D7 and the resistor R8, the resistor R10 is connected to the output terminals of Adj and Vout, and the electrolytic capacitor EC4 and the capacitor C6 are connected in parallel to the two ends of the resistor R10 and the resistor R16.
The first voltage reference chip may adopt TL431, a resistor R9 is connected to a 1 port of the TL431, a resistor R12 is connected between a 1 port and a 3 port of the TL431, a resistor R17 is connected between a 2 port and a 3 port of the TL431, a capacitor C7 is connected in parallel between the 1 port and the 2 port of the TL431, and the generated 15V supply voltage and 5V supply voltage participate in the operation of the subsequent comparator circuit.
In order to monitor and protect the load current and the output voltage of the generator in real time, overvoltage, overcurrent and MOS abnormal state detection and protection can be carried out through a protection circuit.
Fig. 4 shows a schematic circuit configuration of a protection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 4, the protection circuit may include an overvoltage protection circuit, an overcurrent protection circuit, a MOS abnormality protection circuit, a software protection circuit, and a protection trigger circuit.
The overvoltage protection circuit is used for inputting external power supply voltage into the same-directional end of the first comparator, inputting generator output voltage into the same-directional end of the second comparator, inputting power unit output voltage into the same-directional end of the third comparator, and outputting 15V high level to the protection trigger circuit when the same-directional end voltage is greater than 5V.
As shown in fig. 4, the VCC overvoltage protection circuit includes a resistor R11, a resistor R15, a resistor R13, a capacitor C5, a resistor R14, a capacitor C4, a resistor R18, a capacitor C8, a diode D8, and a first comparator U3A.
The first comparator U3A may adopt LM124, and input VCC to the same direction terminal 3 of the first comparator U3A through R11, R13, and R14, and when the input voltage of the same direction terminal is less than 5V, the subsequent circuit will not be triggered; when the voltage input to the same-direction terminal of the comparator is more than 5V in abnormal conditions, the high level of 15V can be output to a subsequent protection trigger circuit.
The D+ overvoltage protection circuit comprises a resistor R19, a resistor R22, a resistor R20, a capacitor C10, a resistor R21, a capacitor C9, a resistor R24, a capacitor C12, a diode D9 and a second comparator U3B.
The second comparator U3B may adopt LM124, and input d+ to the same direction terminal 5 of the second comparator U3B through R19, R20, and R21, where when the input voltage at the same direction terminal is less than 5V, the subsequent circuit will not be triggered; when the voltage input to the same-direction terminal of the comparator is more than 5V in abnormal conditions, the high level of 15V can be output to a subsequent protection trigger circuit.
The B+ overvoltage protection circuit comprises a resistor R28, a resistor R31, a resistor R29, a capacitor C14, a resistor R30, a capacitor C13, a resistor R34, a capacitor C17, a diode D14 and a third comparator U3C.
The voltage comparator U3C may adopt LM124, and input b+ to the same direction terminal 10 of the third comparator U3C through R28, resistor R29, and resistor R30, where when the input voltage at the same direction terminal is less than 5V, the subsequent circuit will not be triggered to operate; when the voltage input to the LM124 is greater than 5V in abnormal conditions, the high level of 15V can be output to a subsequent protection trigger circuit.
The overcurrent protection circuit includes a resistor R44, a capacitor C21, a resistor R46, a resistor 49, a resistor R51, a slide resistor RP1, a capacitor C22, a fourth comparator U3D, and a diode D18.
The fourth comparator U3D may employ LM124, where the load current HK6 is input to the common input 12,5V of LM124 through resistor R44 and the voltage is input to the inverting input 13 of LM124 through resistor R46 and resistor R49. Load current HK6 is input to LM124 common and outputs a 15V high level when the common current exceeds a preset threshold current.
As shown in fig. 4, the MOS transistor abnormality protection circuit includes a diode D10, a capacitor R11, a resistor R25, a resistor R23, and a status MOS signal detection port. The MOS abnormal protection circuit is used for protecting the trigger circuit to act when the status MOS signal is detected to be in a high level.
As shown in fig. 4, the protection trigger circuit includes a resistor R33, a resistor R40, a capacitor C15, a capacitor C20, a fifth comparator U4A, a diode D15, a resistor R35, a resistor R41, a MOS Q5, a diode D12, a diode D11, a resistor R26, and a fuse FU1. The fifth comparator U4A can adopt LM124, when 15V high level is input, the circuit of the fifth comparator U4A works to enable the MOS tube Q5 to be conducted, the relay in the excitation loop is disconnected through the relay COM port, and meanwhile the protection indicator lamp works.
The software protection circuit comprises a resistor R48, a resistor R50, a voltage comparator U4B and a diode D19, wherein a PBS OVER/RELAY signal is input to the same-directional end of the U4B through the resistor R50. The software protection circuit is used for receiving a 15V high-level signal output by a PB8 OVER/RELAY port, wherein the control unit is used for adjusting through collecting system voltage and current, when the adjustment fails, the control unit outputs a signal to the simulation unit to trigger the software protection circuit, the fifth MOS tube Q5 is triggered to be conducted, a RELAY in an excitation loop is disconnected through a RELAY COM RELAY port signal, and meanwhile, the protection indicator lamp works.
Fig. 5 shows a schematic circuit configuration of the brown-out indicating circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 5, the undervoltage indication circuit comprises a hardware undervoltage indication circuit and a software undervoltage indication circuit, wherein the hardware undervoltage indication circuit comprises a resistor R36, a resistor R42, a resistor R38, a resistor R39, a capacitor C18, a capacitor C19, a resistor R32, a capacitor C16, a seventh comparator U4C, a diode D16, a resistor R37, a resistor R43, a MOS transistor Q6, a diode D13, a resistor R27 and a fuse FU2, and the undervoltage indication circuit is used for triggering the conduction of the sixth MOS transistor Q6 when the output voltage D+ of the generator is detected to be smaller than 22V, so that an external undervoltage indication lamp is lightened.
The software undervoltage indication circuit comprises a resistor R45, a resistor R47, an eighth comparator U4D and a diode D17, and is used for receiving an undervoltage alarm signal PB9 undervoltage_LED output by the control unit to trigger the MOS tube Q6 to be conducted so as to enable an external undervoltage indication lamp to be lighted.
Fig. 6 shows a schematic circuit configuration of a power cell according to an embodiment of the invention. As shown in fig. 6, the power unit includes an excitation loop, a half-bridge rectifying circuit and a MOS state detecting circuit, where the excitation loop mainly includes a current limiting resistor R1, a diode D3, a second MOS transistor Q2, a third MOS transistor Q3, a fourth MOS transistor Q4, a resistor R5, a resistor R6, a resistor R7, a relay K1, a capacitor C3, a diode D5, a diode D6, and a hall current sensor TBC06DS5.
When the regulator starts to work, the external storage battery supplies power to the exciting winding, and the whole loop impedance is very small, so that the circuit is protected by the series current limiting resistor R1. When the second MOS tube Q2, the third MOS tube Q3 and the fourth MOS tube Q4 are conducted, the exciting circuit outputs voltage D+ to the exciting winding of the generator, and the Hall current sensor is used for outputting exciting current to the simulation unit for exciting current collection.
The half-bridge rectification circuit comprises a first diode D1, a second diode D2 and a fourth diode D4, wherein the first rectification capacitor C1, the second rectification capacitor C2, the first electrolytic capacitor EC1 and the second electrolytic capacitor EC2 are connected in parallel and then connected with cathodes of the first diode D1, the second diode D2 and the fourth diode D4. The anode of the first diode D1 is connected with the first output end A of the generator, the anode of the second diode D2 is connected with the second output end B of the generator, and the anode of the fourth diode D4 is connected with the third output end C of the generator.
The MOS state detection circuit comprises a triode Q1, a resistor R2 and a resistor R3, when the second MOS tube Q2, the third MOS tube Q3 and the fourth MOS tube Q4 are normally conducted, the triode Q1 is not conducted, and when the second MOS tube Q2, the third MOS tube Q3 and the fourth MOS tube Q4 are not conducted, the triode Q1 is conducted, and a 15V high level is output to an analog unit status MOS detection port.
The control unit comprises a microprocessor, a second power supply conversion circuit, a current acquisition circuit, a voltage acquisition circuit, a state detection circuit, a CAN communication circuit, a MOS tube driving circuit and the like which are connected with the microprocessor.
The microcontroller can adopt STM32F103RCT6 of ST company, and can also adopt domestic megaly-easy GD32F103 to replace. The chip has rich peripheral devices such as AD, SPI, GPIO, DAC and PWM, and can meet most embedded development requirements. The main crystal oscillator of the system is an external 8MHz active crystal oscillator, and a watchdog circuit can be selected by software to be used or not.
Fig. 7 shows a circuit configuration diagram of a second power conversion circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 7, the second power conversion circuit includes a BUCK circuit, a second LDO regulator chip AMS1117-3.3, a second voltage reference chip REF196GSZ and an isolated voltage chip B1515S-1WR3, wherein the BUCK circuit is used for converting an external power supply voltage VCC into a 5V voltage, and the second LDO regulator chip is used for converting the 5V voltage into a 3.3V voltage for powering the microcontroller; the second voltage reference chip is used for converting 5V voltage into 3.3V reference voltage, and compared with a common LDO power supply, the reference power supply has the characteristics of small fluctuation and high stability, and can improve voltage acquisition accuracy. The isolation voltage chip is used for outputting 3.3V isolation voltage and is used for isolating an optocoupler level conversion chip of the MOS tube driving circuit to realize isolation adjustment of PWM signals.
Fig. 8 shows a schematic circuit configuration of a signal acquisition and detection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 8, the signal acquisition and detection circuit comprises a generator output voltage d+ acquisition circuit, a power unit output voltage b+ acquisition circuit, a load current acquisition circuit, an excitation current acquisition circuit, an output voltage regulation circuit and a state detection circuit.
The current acquisition circuit is used for acquiring exciting current output by the power module and load current output by the analog unit, the load current can be acquired by adopting an astronomical wave current sensor, the acquisition current range is 0-500A, and the output current signal range is 0-100mA.
Excitation current is directly input to an excitation current acquisition port S_ILCOUT by the power module, and is directly acquired by the MCU after passing through the voltage follower.
The voltage acquisition circuit is used for respectively acquiring an output voltage signal D+ of the generator and an output voltage B+ of the power unit, and an output voltage trimming signal is amplified by the operational amplifier circuit and then is input into the MCU for trimming the output voltage signal; the state signal monitoring circuit is used for monitoring the states of the left dust extraction compensator, the right dust extraction compensator and overvoltage, overcurrent and undervoltage indication signals output by the analog unit;
the CAN communication circuit is used for providing a CAN bus interface for the microcontroller and uploading the output voltage, current and abnormal state detection signals of the generator to the vehicle-mounted monitoring equipment. The CTM1051KAT isolated CAN module CAN be adopted, the module supply voltage is 5V, the number of channels is two, the bus rate is 500Kbit/s, and the module supply voltage and the channel number are communicated with the MCU by adopting a TTL serial port.
The MOS tube driving circuit is used for carrying out level conversion on the 3.3V PWM signal output by the microcontroller through the optocoupler and outputting a 15V MOS tube driving signal. The level conversion can be performed through the optocoupler ACPL-W341, and meanwhile, the grid source voltage of the MOS tube can be ensured to be 15V due to the adoption of an isolation power supply, so that the MOS tube is not interfered by other voltages.
The excitation regulator for the vehicle-mounted generator can be quickly adapted to accurate and continuous regulation of the output voltage of the generator under the conditions of vehicle starting, sudden load increase or sudden load decrease, and can improve the running stability of the vehicle; and the generator can be monitored in real time in abnormal states such as overvoltage and undervoltage, and an alarm indication can be sent out in time, so that the safety of vehicle driving is improved.
In the description provided herein, numerous specific details are set forth. However, it is understood that embodiments of the invention may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known methods, structures and techniques have not been shown in detail in order not to obscure an understanding of this description.
Similarly, it should be appreciated that in the foregoing description of exemplary embodiments of the invention, various features of the invention are sometimes grouped together in a single embodiment, figure, or description thereof for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure and aiding in the understanding of one or more of the various inventive aspects. However, the disclosed method should not be construed as reflecting the intention that: i.e., the claimed invention requires more features than are expressly recited in each claim. Rather, as the following claims reflect, inventive aspects lie in less than all features of a single foregoing disclosed embodiment. Thus, the claims following the detailed description are hereby expressly incorporated into this detailed description, with each claim standing on its own as a separate embodiment of this invention.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the modules or units or components of the devices in the examples disclosed herein may be arranged in a device as described in this embodiment, or alternatively may be located in one or more devices different from the devices in this example. The modules in the foregoing examples may be combined into one module or may be further divided into a plurality of sub-modules.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the modules in the apparatus of the embodiments may be adaptively changed and disposed in one or more apparatuses different from the embodiments. The modules or units or components of the embodiments may be combined into one module or unit or component and, furthermore, they may be divided into a plurality of sub-modules or sub-units or sub-components. Any combination of all features disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), and all of the processes or units of any method or apparatus so disclosed, may be used in combination, except insofar as at least some of such features and/or processes or units are mutually exclusive. Each feature disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), may be replaced by alternative features serving the same, equivalent or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise.
Furthermore, those skilled in the art will appreciate that while some embodiments described herein include some features but not others included in other embodiments, combinations of features of different embodiments are meant to be within the scope of the invention and form different embodiments. Furthermore, some of the embodiments are described herein as methods or combinations of method elements that may be implemented by a processor of a computer system or by other means of performing the functions. Thus, a processor with the necessary instructions for implementing the described method or method element forms a means for implementing the method or method element. Furthermore, the elements of the apparatus embodiments described herein are examples of the following apparatus: the apparatus is for carrying out the functions performed by the elements for carrying out the objects of the invention.
As used herein, unless otherwise specified the use of the ordinal terms "first," "second," "third," etc., to describe a general object merely denote different instances of like objects, and are not intended to imply that the objects so described must have a given order, either temporally, spatially, in ranking, or in any other manner.
While the invention has been described with respect to a limited number of embodiments, those skilled in the art, having benefit of the above description, will appreciate that other embodiments are contemplated within the scope of the invention as described herein. Furthermore, it should be noted that the language used in the specification has been principally selected for readability and instructional purposes, and may not have been selected to delineate or circumscribe the inventive subject matter. Accordingly, many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the appended claims. The disclosure of the present invention is intended to be illustrative, but not limiting, of the scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. An excitation regulator for an on-board generator is characterized by comprising a control unit, an analog unit and a power unit,
the simulation unit is used for detecting and protecting abnormality of external power supply voltage, generator output voltage, power unit output voltage, load current, exciting current and MOS state level signals, and carrying out undervoltage indication on the generator output voltage;
the power unit is used for carrying out half-bridge rectification on three-phase alternating current of the generator to generate output voltage to the exciting winding, and inputting the detected MOS state level signal to the simulation unit;
the control unit is used for collecting voltage, current and state detection signals output by the analog unit and outputting PWM signals to the analog unit through the MOS tube driving circuit;
the analog unit comprises a first power supply conversion circuit, a protection circuit and an undervoltage indication circuit; the protection circuit comprises an overvoltage protection circuit, an overcurrent protection circuit, an MOS abnormal protection circuit, a software protection circuit and a protection trigger circuit; the overvoltage protection circuit is used for inputting external power supply voltage into the same-directional end of the first comparator, inputting generator output voltage into the same-directional end of the second comparator, inputting power unit output voltage into the same-directional end of the third comparator, and outputting 15V high level to the protection trigger circuit when the same-directional end voltage is greater than 5V;
the overcurrent protection circuit is used for inputting load current into the same-direction end of the fourth comparator, and outputting 15V high level to the protection trigger circuit when the load current exceeds a preset threshold value;
the MOS abnormal protection circuit is used for enabling the protection trigger circuit to act when the MOS state signal is detected to be in a high level;
the software protection circuit is used for enabling the protection trigger circuit to act when receiving a high-level signal output by the control unit;
the protection trigger circuit is used for inputting a 15V high-level signal into the same-direction end of the fifth comparator, the fifth comparator outputs voltage to enable the fifth MOS tube to be conducted, and a relay in the excitation loop is controlled to be disconnected through a relay port signal;
the undervoltage indicating circuit comprises a hardware undervoltage indicating circuit and a software undervoltage indicating circuit, and is used for detecting the output voltage of the generator through a seventh comparator, and triggering a sixth MOS tube to be conducted when the output voltage of the generator is smaller than 22V so as to enable an undervoltage indicating lamp to be lighted;
the software undervoltage indication circuit is used for receiving the undervoltage alarm signal output by the control unit through an eighth comparator, and the eighth comparator circuit triggers the conduction of the sixth MOS tube so as to enable the undervoltage indication lamp to be lighted.
2. The excitation regulator of claim 1, wherein the power cell comprises an excitation loop, a MOS tube state detection circuit, and a half-bridge rectifier circuit;
the control unit comprises a microcontroller, a second power supply conversion circuit, a signal acquisition and detection circuit, a CAN communication circuit and a MOS tube driving circuit, wherein the second power supply conversion circuit, the signal acquisition and detection circuit, the CAN communication circuit and the MOS tube driving circuit are connected with the microcontroller, and the signal acquisition and detection circuit comprises a voltage acquisition circuit, a current acquisition circuit, an output voltage adjusting circuit and a state detection circuit.
3. The excitation regulator of claim 2, wherein the first power conversion circuit comprises a first LDO regulator chip for converting an external supply voltage to a 15V supply voltage and a first voltage reference chip for converting the 15V supply voltage to a 5V supply voltage, the first LDO regulator chip employing LM317HVT, the first voltage reference chip employing TL431.
4. The excitation regulator of claim 2, wherein the excitation loop includes a current limiting resistor, a second MOS tube, a third MOS tube, a fourth MOS tube, a relay, and a hall current sensor, the current limiting resistor is configured to protect the excitation loop, and when the PWM signal output by the analog unit turns on the second MOS tube, the third MOS tube, and the fourth MOS tube, the excitation loop outputs a voltage to a generator excitation winding, and the hall current sensor is configured to output an excitation current to the analog unit for excitation current collection.
5. The excitation regulator of claim 4, wherein the MOS transistor state detection circuit comprises a transistor configured to receive the transistor being non-conductive when the second, third, and fourth MOS transistors are normally conductive, and to output a 15V high level to the analog unit when the second, third, and fourth MOS transistors are non-conductive.
6. The excitation regulator of claim 2, wherein the half-bridge rectifier circuit comprises a first diode, a second diode, a fourth diode, a first rectifying capacitor, a second rectifying capacitor, a first electrolytic capacitor, and a second electrolytic capacitor, the first rectifying capacitor, the second rectifying capacitor, the first electrolytic capacitor, and the second electrolytic capacitor being connected in parallel with cathodes of the first diode, the second diode, and the fourth diode.
7. The excitation regulator of claim 2, wherein the second power conversion circuit comprises a BUCK BUCK circuit, a second LDO regulator chip, a second voltage reference chip, and an isolation voltage chip,
the second LDO voltage stabilizing chip adopts AMS1117-3.3, the second voltage reference chip adopts REF196GSZ, and the isolation voltage chip adopts B1515S-1WR3;
the BUCK step-down circuit is used for converting external power supply voltage into 5V voltage, and the second LDO voltage stabilizing chip is used for converting the 5V voltage into 3.3V voltage to supply power for the microcontroller;
the second voltage reference chip is used for converting 5V voltage into 3.3V reference voltage, the isolation voltage chip is used for outputting 3.3V isolation voltage and is used for isolating the optocoupler level conversion chip of the MOS tube driving circuit.
8. The excitation regulator of claim 2, wherein,
the current acquisition circuit is used for acquiring exciting current output by the power unit and load current output by the analog unit;
the voltage acquisition circuit is used for acquiring a generator output voltage signal and a power unit output voltage, and the signals are amplified by the operational amplifier circuit and then input into the microcontroller;
the output voltage regulating circuit is used for regulating the output voltage fine-tuning signal through the operational amplifier circuit, and then collecting the output voltage fine-tuning signal through the microcontroller for voltage regulation;
the state detection circuit is used for detecting left dust extraction state of the compensator and right dust extraction state of the compensator, and overvoltage, overcurrent and undervoltage indication signals;
the CAN communication circuit is used for providing a CAN bus interface for the microcontroller and uploading the output voltage, current and abnormal state detection signals of the generator to the vehicle-mounted monitoring equipment;
the MOS tube driving circuit is used for carrying out level conversion on the 3.3V PWM signal output by the microcontroller through the optocoupler and outputting a 15VMOS tube driving signal.
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| CN202310903533.XA CN116885986B (en) | 2023-07-22 | 2023-07-22 | Excitation regulator for vehicle-mounted generator |
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| CN201869149U (en) * | 2010-11-25 | 2011-06-15 | 杭州三和电控设备有限公司 | DSP-based synchronous generator excitation regulator |
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| CN113904600A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-01-07 | 江西泰豪军工集团有限公司 | Excitation regulating circuit of generator |
| CN219164460U (en) * | 2022-12-16 | 2023-06-09 | 海尔海斯(西安)控制技术有限公司 | Excitation regulator of digital generator |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN201869149U (en) * | 2010-11-25 | 2011-06-15 | 杭州三和电控设备有限公司 | DSP-based synchronous generator excitation regulator |
| CN202004714U (en) * | 2011-04-21 | 2011-10-05 | 阳光电源股份有限公司 | Wind-driven power generating system and excitation unit of direct-current brushless synchronous wind-driven power generator |
| CN113904600A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-01-07 | 江西泰豪军工集团有限公司 | Excitation regulating circuit of generator |
| CN219164460U (en) * | 2022-12-16 | 2023-06-09 | 海尔海斯(西安)控制技术有限公司 | Excitation regulator of digital generator |
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