CN116870092B - 一种用于治疗慢性咽炎的中药组合物 - Google Patents
一种用于治疗慢性咽炎的中药组合物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于治疗慢性咽炎的中药组合物，由下列重量份配比的原料制成：百合、山茱萸、昆布和白芷。本发明的中药组合物可以解决现代药物的经常出现疾病反复发作，硼酸液含漱导致的副作用及患者接受度差等不足以及传统中药汤剂煎煮麻烦、携带不便、口味等问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于中药领域，具体涉及一种用于治疗慢性咽炎的中药组合物。
背景技术
慢性咽炎（chronic pharyngitis，CP）为咽黏膜、黏膜下及淋巴组织的慢性炎症。本病在临床中常见，病程长，症状容易反复发作。慢性咽炎多见于成年人，儿童也可出现。全身症状均不明显，以局部症状为主。各型慢性咽炎症状大致相似且多种多样，如咽部不适感、异物感、咽部分泌物不易咯出、咽部痒感、烧灼感、干燥感或刺激感，还可有微痛感。由于咽后壁通常因咽部慢性炎症造成较黏稠分泌物粘附，以及由于鼻、鼻窦、鼻咽部病变造成夜间张口呼吸，常在晨起时出现刺激性咳嗽及恶心。由于咽部异物感可表现为频繁吞咽。咽部分泌物少且不易咳出者常表现为习惯性的干咳及清嗓子咳痰动作，若用力咳嗽或清嗓子可引起咽部黏膜出血，造成分泌物中带血。其主要病因为急性咽炎反复发作、长期粉尘或有害气体刺激、烟酒过度或其它不良生活习惯、鼻炎及鼻窦炎等分泌物刺激、过敏体质或身体抵抗力下降等。
对于慢性单纯性咽炎药物治疗，临床常用复方硼砂溶液、呋喃西林溶液、2%的硼酸液含漱以保持口腔、口咽的清洁，或含服含片，如碘含片、薄荷含片、银黄含片、西瓜霜含片等。或用复方碘甘油、5%硝酸银溶液或10%弱蛋白银溶液涂抹咽部，有收敛及消炎作用。对咽异物感症状较重者，可采用普鲁卡因封闭穴位，可使症状减轻。超声雾化也可有助于减轻症状。—般不应用抗生素治疗；而慢性肥厚性咽炎药物治疗，除了上述方法处理外，还需对患者的咽后壁淋巴滤泡进行处理。化学药物多选用20%的硝酸银溶液或铬酸，烧火肥大的淋巴滤泡，达到治疗效果。但由于个体差异大，用药不存在绝对的最好、最快、最有效，除常用的西药外，目前对于中药治疗受到越来越多患者的认可。中医药治疗慢性咽炎有疗效确切且不良反应小的优势。
慢性咽炎属于中医之“喉痹”范畴，而喉痹一词，最早出现于帛书《五十二病方》中。据历代文献记载，喉痹病名繁多，按其病因病机、发病的缓急、咽部色泽和形态的不同，记载有“风热喉痹”、“阴虚喉痹”、“风寒喉痹”、“帘珠喉痹”、“紫色喉痹”、“淡红喉痹”、“白色喉痹”等不同的病名。咽为胃系，与肺、脾胃、肝、肾等脏腑关系密切。关于喉痹的病因病机，《黄帝内经》提出阴阳气血郁结咽喉，局部瘀滞痹阻所致。《素问·阴阳别论》曰：“一阴一阳结，谓之喉痹。”痹即为闭塞不通之意，阴阳失调，郁结于咽喉，咽喉蔽之不畅或闭塞不通，故发为吞咽及呼吸障碍等咽喉疾病。《景岳全书·卷二十八》曰：“阴虚喉痹但察其过于酒色，或素禀阴气不足多倦少力者是，皆肾阴亏损，水不制火而然。”《红炉点雪》曰：“夫咽之所以咽物，喉之所以候气，虽居上焦阳分，然有太阴、少阴之脉络焉，人之一身，水升火降，无壅无滞，则咽自利喉自畅也。若夫土衰水涸，则相火蒸炎，致津液枯竭，由是而咽喉干燥疼痛等症作矣”。《太平圣惠方·卷三十五》曰“脾胃有热，则热气上冲，致咽喉肿痛”。足厥阴肝经循喉咙入颃颡，若肝失调达，气机不畅，推动不力，气滞痰凝，无形之气与有形之痰凝聚咽喉，则出现咽部异物感，痰多等症。《素问·上古天真论》曰：“肾者主水，受五脏六腑之精而藏之。”肾既储藏脏腑之精气，又应脏腑之需求将精气输回体内，以维持机体正常的生理功能。故肾脏的功能正常，咽喉得其濡养而健旺，抗邪能力增强；若肾阴亏损，阴液不足，不能上濡咽喉，则可致咽干、咽部灼热感、异物感等。若素体亏虚，或寒凉、攻伐失度，久病体虚，摄养失调；或思虑、劳倦损伤机体正气，平素饮食不节，喜食烟酒及辛辣炙煿之品，致脏腑气血阴阳失调，咽喉失养，痰浊内生，阻滞气血运行，痰瘀互结，痹阻咽喉脉络，发为喉痹。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种用于治疗慢性咽炎的中药组合物。
为了达到上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案为：
一种用于治疗慢性咽炎的中药组合物，由下列重量份配比的原料制成：百合10-30份、山茱萸6-12份、昆布10-15份和白芷3-10份。
为了进一步实现本发明，所述各原料的优选重量份配比为：百合9份、山茱萸9份、昆布9份和白芷3份。
为了进一步实现本发明，本组合物制成水煎剂、丸剂、茶剂、口服液、片剂、胶囊剂、颗粒剂、膏剂或散剂剂型。
本发明相较于现有技术的有益效果为：
本发明的中药组合物可以解决现代药物的经常出现疾病反复发作，硼酸液含漱导致的副作用及患者接受度差等不足以及传统中药汤剂煎煮麻烦、携带不便、口味等问题。
本发明的中药组合物由百合、山茱萸、昆布、白芷组成，其中以百合为君，取其养阴润肺之功效，兼之味甘性寒，故能主治阴虚津液不足之燥咳；山茱萸味酸涩，性微温而为臣，功专收涩固脱，既能配百合酸甘化阴，共奏滋阴润燥、收津敛液之效，又能补益肝肾从而充养精血，精血足而津液生化有源；昆布味咸性寒为佐，功专软坚散结消痰，与百合相须而用，可用于肺阴虚咳嗽兼有燥痰难出之症；白芷为使，其味辛性温，功能解表散寒，宣通鼻窍，既可制衡百合寒凉之性，又能燥湿排脓，助昆布化痰之效，兼可解表通窍，引邪外出，与诸药协同标本同治。四药同用，共奏养阴清肺，化痰润燥之功，从而有助于慢性咽炎的治疗。
本发明的中药组合物中一甘一酸一咸一辛，肺用为酸为补，肺体为咸为泻，百合、山茱萸酸收助肺用以正补，昆布咸软饮结可开而暗化，佐白芷开肺通窍，又防制节之官收复于甚者。咽喉为十二经脉必经之路和汇聚的重要部位，因此，脏腑功能的失调，常循经上扰，而引起咽喉部不适。脏腑阴虚，虚火循经上灼于咽喉，致使咽喉失于津液的濡养，出现咽干、咽痒、疼痛等不适症状，故阴虚为喉痹的主要病机。肺阴虚则其宣发肃降功能失常，津液输布不利，不能上上承咽喉，咽喉失养；肾阴亏虚，则虚火灼津，津液亏虚，咽喉失养；阴虚生内热，虚火循经上灼咽喉；或受风热邪毒侵袭，引动肺胃郁热．火热上蒸，搏结咽喉而发病。《景岳全书》曰“阴虚喉痹，但查其过于酒色，或素禀阴气不足，多倦少力者是，皆肾阴亏虚，水不制火而然”。孔凡涵等提出本病多凶或索体肾阴(津)不足．肺系失养；或元阴亏损，无根之火，游行无制，客于咽喉所致。脏腑失调，痰浊内生，阻滞气机血瘀不行，致痰瘀互结，或气滞血瘀日久，气机不利，痰浊内生，与瘀血互结，阻滞咽喉，清道不利，发为喉痹。胡陟认为慢性咽炎发病过程中，“痰”和“瘀”是最常见的病理因素，而且痰瘀是相互并存的。而小补肺茶百合甘苦微寒，滋阴清热，润肺止咳为君；山茱萸味酸即可收摄流失之津液又可补肝肾生津血为臣、昆布味咸软坚散结、润下消痰为佐；使以白芷即可宣通肺窍，又可化痰瘀以生津血。共奏补肺养阴，宣肺降气，已达治疗利咽之功。
本发明通过实验该中药组合物可通过TNF、NF-kappa B、MAPK等多条炎症通路发挥治疗慢性咽炎的作用，其中TNF通路是该中药组合物治疗慢性咽炎最为关键的信号通路，而作为该通路最关键的靶点TNFR1，该中药组合物中的Methyl gallate可通过氢键作用抑制TNFR1的表达。最后通过细胞实验验证发现，Methylgallate可以通过抑制TNFR1的表达，从而抑制下游NF-κB磷酸化的表达。综上结果再次证明该中药组合物在治疗慢性咽炎的积极作用。
附图说明
图1为本发明中药组合物治疗前、治疗2周、治疗4周CP症状积分比较；
图2为本发明中药组合物治疗CP成分的Venn图；
图3为本发明中药组合物治疗CP的KEGG途径富集分析；
图4为本发明中Methyl gallate与TNFR1的结合模式图，A为小分子和靶蛋白TNFR1的3D结合模式图，B为小分子和靶蛋白TNFR1的2D结合模式图；
图5为本发明中通过CCK8筛选Methyl gallate的安全浓度；
图6为本发明中NF-κB的相对蛋白表达量，其中A为NF-κB蛋白印迹图，B为NF-κB蛋白定量图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明做进一步说明。
一、实施例：
实施例1：
百合10g、山茱萸6g、昆布10g和白芷3g。
实施例2：
百合9g、山茱萸9g、昆布9g和白芷3g。
实施例3：
百合30g、山茱萸12g、昆布15g和白芷10g。
二、临床试验：
1、实验药物
百合、山茱萸、昆布、白芷饮片购置于甘肃中医药大学附属医院。将上述中药饮片进行优选、洗净后用烘干，再将其粉碎，选用80目以上的金属标准过筛并混合，杀菌消毒，根据实施例2的配比装入消毒后的茶包袋，并真空袋包装。
2、临床试验
2.1 研究对象
20例CP患者分别来自2022年3月至2022年12月甘肃中医药大学附属医院耳鼻喉科门诊就诊的病人，随机入选本发明中药组合物冲服组。
2.2 诊断标准
西医诊断标准参照2009年中华医学会编著《临床诊疗指南——耳鼻咽喉头颈外科分册》。
中医诊断标准参考王世贞2003年主编的《中医耳鼻喉科学》及2013年贵州中华耳鼻喉年会修订版《中医耳鼻咽喉科常见病诊疗指南》
2.3 纳入标准
（1）符合CP西医诊断标准者。（2）符合中医喉痹诊断标准与中医辨证分型者。（3）年龄在18岁以上至65岁以下者，并签署知情同意书。
2.4 临床治疗方法
CP患者冲服本发明中药组合物茶包，每日早中晚3次，每日1袋，开水200ml泡茶冲服，连服28天。
2.5 观测指标
分别于14、28天两个时间点观察各项指标，评价疗效。疗效性观测：①主要症状：咽痛不适，咽痒，咽喉干燥或异物感，咽微痛等不适症状；②次要症状：呛咳无痰，频频饮水等变化；③咽部体征和舌、脉的变化。疗效判定：CP的疗效判定标准参照卫生部药政局制定的《中药新药治疗CP的指导原则》中药组治疗前、治疗2周、治疗4周CP症状积分比较：观测指标见下表1-2。
3、临床结果
在20名CP的患者，服用本发明中药组合物茶包4周的临床结果发现，通过检查患者的咽干、灼热感、咽部黏膜干燥、异物感、淋巴滤泡增生等指标，比较治疗2周后与治疗前的数据结果发现，P值<0.05，有统计学意义；而治疗4周后与治疗2周后比较发现，P值<0.01，有统计学意义。见图1。此外，服用本发明中药组合物茶包4周总有效率的结果发现，总有效率高达85%，这说明小补肺茶在治疗CP方面是有效的。见表3。
三、网络药理学和分子对接：
1、本发明中药组合物中化合物靶点反向预测和疾病靶点的预测
通过TCMSP检索本发明中药组合物的化合物，以OB≥30%和DL≥0.18为标准。利用Uniprot数据库的预测靶标，确定本发明中药组合物活性成分中靶蛋白数。通过搜索OMIM、GeneCards、Drug Bank数据库，以“chronic pharyngitis”为关键词检索获取“CP”疾病靶点去重后，获得潜在的CP治疗靶点。利用venn图在线制作软件绘制Venn图，得到本发明中药组合物治疗慢性咽的潜在靶基因。
2、GO和KEGG通路富集分析
将于本发明中药组合物治疗CP的作用靶点导入DAVID数据库，限定物种为homosapiens，阈值p<0.05，进行KEGG通路（pathway）分析。利用Omicshare 在线分析平台进行富集通路可视化处理。
3、分子对接
3.1 化合物库建立
将通过网络药理学得到的益气养阴方化合物三维结构下载，并生成MOL2格式文件，建立分子对接虚拟筛选所需小分子数据库。
3.2 晶体结构选择及分子对接
选择不同的蛋白晶体结构对分子对接结果的准确性影响较大，因此靶标晶体结构的选择显得至关重要。本研究通过从PDB数据库（http://www.rcsb.org）下载所有相关“Homo sapiens”晶体复合物的结构，确定TNFR1的晶体结构。选择薛定谔软件进行对接。
4、网络药理学和分子对接结果
通过上述研究我们已经从临床数据证实本发明中药组合物可以改善CP（Chronicpharyngitis，CP）。但本发明中药组合物发挥作用的物质基础及其作用的靶点还不清楚。
4.1 本发明中药组合物中化合物靶点反向预测和CP靶点的预测
通过TCMSP检索到的化合物共有56种；以OB≥30%和DL≥0.18为标准，共筛选出本发明中药组合物有效成分48个(去重后：42个)。利用Uniprot数据库的预测靶标，确定本发明中药组合物42个活性成分中有437个靶蛋白(去重后：110个)。通过搜索OMIM、GeneCards、Drug Bank数据库，以“chronicpharyngitis”为关键词检索获取“CP”疾病靶点去重后，获得了2175个潜在的CP治疗靶点。利用venn图在线制作软件绘制Venn图，得到本发明中药组合物治疗慢性咽的56个潜在靶基因，见图2。
4.2 KEGG富集分析
通过上述工作已发现本发明中药组合物防治CP的关键靶点。我们将数据进一步进行DAVID分析。我们通过DAVID网站进行KEGG通路富集分析，采用Omicshare在线分析平台进行富集通路可视化处理，图中气泡大小代表该条通路上富集基因数目，气泡颜色差异代表了基因在该条通路富集程度的高低。KEGG结果发现，本发明中药组合物治疗CP的通路富集共140条，其中包括TNF信号通路、NF-kappa B信号通路、cAMP信号通路、VEGF信号通路、MAPK信号通路、mTOR信号通路等经典炎症信号通路。此外，在140条通路中还发现与呼吸系统密切相关的疾病。如唾液分泌、百日咳、肺结核、军团病、冠状病毒病-COVID-19等。见图3。通过查阅相关文献发现TNF通路与CP疾病进展关系密切，可促进呼吸系统疾病的发生。因此，本发明中药组合物防治CP可能通过发现的TNF这条通路发挥作用。
4.3 分子对接筛选及验证本发明中药组合物中关键化合物
将网络药理学得到的关键靶蛋白和本发明中药组合物中潜在成分导入对接软件Schrödinger中，将关键的蛋白TNFR1与本发明中药组合物的化合物（均符合OB/DL筛选条件）进行分子对接，分别观察上述每个靶点对应本发明中药组合物打分大于-10的化合物，结果发现本发明中药组合物打分大于-5的化合物仅有一个MOL001906，Methyl gallate。见图4和表4。
五、实验例：
1、细胞实验
1.1 CCK8法检测细胞增殖能力
选择巨噬细胞作为靶细胞，观察0，5，10，20，40，80和160μM不同浓度的Methylgallate的细胞毒性。取诱导48h后各组细胞，胰酶消化后种于96孔板（2×103个/孔），每孔接种量为100µL，边缘36孔用200µL无菌PBS填充，每组分别设置6个复孔，检测前每孔加入CCK8溶液10µL，放培养箱中孵育1.5h后，用酶标仪在450nm的波长处检测各组细胞的吸光度值。
1.2 蛋白电泳检测细胞的蛋白表达量
裂解细胞蛋白，用BCA蛋白检测试剂盒测定蛋白浓度，并转移至0。45 μm PVDF膜和阻塞5%牛血清白蛋白或5%脱脂牛奶2小时前孵化与一抗如下：TNFR1 (1:1,000, Abcam,UK)，rabbit anti-GAPDH antibody(1:5000 dilution, Abcam, UK)，HRP-labeled goatanti-rabbit IgG(1:5,000)。在室温下作用2小时，结合抗体使用增强化学发光检测试剂（YESEN，中国）。加入HRP底物后，使用图像采集和分析系统（ChemiDoc-610，UVP，UK）对膜进行检测。用ImageJ对每个靶蛋白的条带信号进行定量，并根据GAPDH水平进行归一化(n=3)。
2、细胞实验验证
2.1 通过CCK8筛选Methyl gallate的安全浓度
选择巨噬细胞作为靶细胞，观察0，5，10，20，40和80μM不同浓度的Methyl gallate的细胞毒性。结果发现，0-80μM的Methyl gallate均对巨噬细胞没有细胞毒性。见图2。因此，选择最大浓度80μM的Methyl gallate进行后续实验。
2.2 通过WB实验观察Methyl gallate对TNFR1下游蛋白的影响
核转录因子kappaB(Nuclear factor-kappa B，NF-κB)是细胞中重要的转录调节因子。NF-κB作为TNFR1下游的关键因子，通过复杂的分子调节参与机体的慢性炎症，如CP等反应。选择脂多糖（LPS）干预巨噬细胞作为CP的炎症模型，观察Methyl gallate是否可以通过结合TNFR1，从而抑制其下游关键蛋白NF-κB磷酸化的表达。结果发现，与LPS诱导的巨噬细胞组相比，Methyl gallate组明显降低NF-κB磷酸化的表达，P值<0.05，有统计学意义。见图3。
3、实验结果
前期临床试验证明了本发明的中药组合物用于治疗CP是有效的。CP疾病发展的分子机制与本研究预测分析信号通路相关，以TNF通路为主，而本发明中药组合物中的Methylgallate与作为该通路的关键靶点TNFR1结合能力较强，以氢键为主要作用力。并通过细胞实验验证发现，Methyl gallate可以通过抑制TNFR1的表达，从而抑制下游NF-κB磷酸化的表达。总之，本研究为药物干预疾病的物质基础及机制研究提供了可借鉴的方法，为药食同源在临床用药提供了研究基础。
Claims (2)
1.一种用于治疗慢性咽炎的中药组合物，其特征在于：各原料的重量份配比为：百合9份、山茱萸9份、昆布9份和白芷3份。
2.根据权利要求1所述用于治疗慢性咽炎的中药组合物，其特征在于：由其制成水煎剂、丸剂、茶剂、口服液、片剂、胶囊剂、颗粒剂、膏剂或散剂剂型。
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