CN116869916A - Drug-loaded hyaluronic acid microneedle and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Drug-loaded hyaluronic acid microneedle and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN116869916A CN116869916A CN202310737164.1A CN202310737164A CN116869916A CN 116869916 A CN116869916 A CN 116869916A CN 202310737164 A CN202310737164 A CN 202310737164A CN 116869916 A CN116869916 A CN 116869916A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- microneedle
- hyaluronic acid
- drug
- loaded
- matrix
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- KIUKXJAPPMFGSW-DNGZLQJQSA-N (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-Acetamido-2-[(2S,3S,4R,5R,6R)-6-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-2,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-2-carboxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)N[C@H]1[C@H](O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O3)C(O)=O)O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)NC(C)=O)[C@@H](C(O)=O)O1 KIUKXJAPPMFGSW-DNGZLQJQSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
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- JGMJQSFLQWGYMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2,6-dichloro-n-phenylaniline;acetate Chemical group [Na+].CC([O-])=O.ClC1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1NC1=CC=CC=C1 JGMJQSFLQWGYMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0019—Injectable compositions; Intramuscular, intravenous, arterial, subcutaneous administration; Compositions to be administered through the skin in an invasive manner
- A61K9/0021—Intradermal administration, e.g. through microneedle arrays, needleless injectors
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
- A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
- A61K31/195—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group
- A61K31/196—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group the amino group being directly attached to a ring, e.g. anthranilic acid, mefenamic acid, diclofenac, chlorambucil
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
- A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
- A61K31/519—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic rings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
- A61K47/32—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. carbomers, poly(meth)acrylates, or polyvinyl pyrrolidone
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
- A61K47/36—Polysaccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. gums, starch, alginate, dextrin, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, inulin, agar or pectin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/70—Web, sheet or filament bases ; Films; Fibres of the matrix type containing drug
- A61K9/7023—Transdermal patches and similar drug-containing composite devices, e.g. cataplasms
- A61K9/703—Transdermal patches and similar drug-containing composite devices, e.g. cataplasms characterised by shape or structure; Details concerning release liner or backing; Refillable patches; User-activated patches
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M37/00—Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin
- A61M37/0015—Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin by using microneedles
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
- A61P19/02—Drugs for skeletal disorders for joint disorders, e.g. arthritis, arthrosis
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M37/00—Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin
- A61M37/0015—Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin by using microneedles
- A61M2037/0046—Solid microneedles
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- A61M37/00—Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin
- A61M37/0015—Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin by using microneedles
- A61M2037/0053—Methods for producing microneedles
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dermatology (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Rheumatology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Anesthesiology (AREA)
- Pain & Pain Management (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a drug-loaded hyaluronic acid microneedle, and a preparation method and application thereof. The drug-loaded hyaluronic acid microneedle comprises two drugs, namely methotrexate and diclofenac, and the preparation method is simple and easy to obtain, and the prepared microneedle has good mechanical properties and good dissolubility, and is beneficial to release of the methotrexate and the diclofenac loaded in the needle tip at the joint part of a mouse. The drug-loaded hyaluronic acid microneedle not only has good solubility and biocompatibility, but also can effectively relieve swelling of joint parts of mice, reduce aggregation of inflammatory factors of joint inflammation parts, promote proliferation of chondrocytes and finally relieve joint inflammation. The invention is suitable for treating clinical rheumatoid arthritis.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of medical materials, in particular to a drug-loaded hyaluronic acid microneedle, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
According to research statistics, the incidence rate of RA in China is about 0.34% -0.36%, the age of the ill population is mainly concentrated at 35-60 years, the incidence rate of RA in China is increased year by year along with the aggravation of the aging degree of population, and the life health of patients is greatly influenced due to difficult cure of RA diseases in recent years. RA is often found in synovial joints and other organs, an autoimmune disease, and is characterized clinically by arthritic lesions, initially manifested as swelling, pain, and reduced function of the affected joint. Compared with normal joints, synovitis exists at joint parts of patients suffering from arthritis, joint synovial fluid is reduced, and if the disease is further developed, cartilage damage and bone erosion can be caused, so that normal life is affected. Although rheumatoid arthritis itself is not life threatening, if not treated in time, it may further cause systemic inflammation, leading to abnormal heart, liver, intestinal tract and muscle, and in some cases, reduced cognitive ability, and patients are generally accompanied with extensive clinical sequelae and complications, especially affecting systemic bone, blood vessels and metabolic functions, etc., and researches show that rheumatoid arthritis patients are at higher risk of respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis and other diseases than the general population.
Microneedles (MNs) as a novel physical penetration-enhancing technique, capable of directly penetrating the skin for drug delivery, and capable of allowing drug molecules to directly cross the stratum corneum barrier in a painless and noninvasive manner, have outstanding properties of good therapeutic effect, relatively safety, low cost, etc., and have attracted wide attention in the field of transdermal drug delivery in the past decades. The soluble microneedles of the microneedles are widely used because they can entrap drugs and dissolve after insertion into the skin, and have good biocompatibility. Different soluble microneedles can be made according to the treatment requirements. Four characteristics of hyaluronic acid: the material has the advantages of self sources of human bodies, strong biocompatibility, strong water locking performance and viscoelastic lubricating performance, so that the material becomes a common material for preparing the soluble micro-needles.
Methotrexate, a "gold standard" for evaluating new drugs for other treatment of RA, is a significant limitation of the clinical use of methotrexate in that when the dosage is too low, the blood concentration cannot reach the therapeutic window and the therapeutic effect is limited; however, when the dosage is increased, serious side effects are involved, wherein gastrointestinal side effects are the main cause of discontinuation of treatment, and some patients have side effects such as bone marrow suppression and liver and kidney function impairment due to long-term administration of methotrexate. Furthermore, there is a need to develop a microneedle that can be improved to treat RA and alleviate side effects.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a drug-loaded hyaluronic acid microneedle, a preparation method and application thereof, and the microneedle can be used for treating rheumatoid arthritis.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a drug-loaded hyaluronic acid microneedle, which comprises a microneedle tip containing a drug and a hyaluronic acid microneedle backing layer.
Further, the drug is at least one of methotrexate with a concentration of 50-60mg/mL and diclofenac with a concentration of 6-8 mg/mL.
Preferably, the drug is methotrexate at a concentration of 50mg/mL and diclofenac at a concentration of 6mg/mL.
Further, the microneedle tips are prepared by mixing hyaluronic acid and polyvinylpyrrolidone; the mass ratio of the hyaluronic acid to the polyvinylpyrrolidone is 2-5:1.
Further, the molecular weight of the hyaluronic acid is 40kDa, and the concentration is 200mg/mL.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the drug-loaded hyaluronic acid microneedle, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Mixing and dissolving hyaluronic acid and polyvinylpyrrolidone to obtain a blank microneedle tip matrix;
(2) Dissolving the medicine in the blank microneedle tip matrix, and regulating the final concentration of the medicine to obtain a medicine-carrying microneedle tip matrix;
(3) Dissolving hyaluronic acid to obtain a microneedle backing matrix;
(4) Injecting the drug-loaded microneedle tip matrix into a microneedle mould, and drying to obtain a microneedle tip containing a drug;
(5) And adding the microneedle backing matrix into a mould containing the microneedle tips, drying and demoulding to obtain the drug-loaded hyaluronic acid microneedles.
Further, the drying temperature is 25-30 ℃ and the drying time is 12-16h.
The invention also provides application of the drug-loaded hyaluronic acid microneedle in preparing a drug for treating rheumatic immune diseases.
Further, the rheumatic immune disease is rheumatoid arthritis.
Further, the drug-loaded hyaluronic acid microneedle contains not less than 260 mug of methotrexate or not less than 140 mug of diclofenac.
Furthermore, the drug-loaded hyaluronic acid microneedle can reduce inflammatory infiltration of cells in synovium, reduce aggregation of inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-alpha and promote articular cartilage repair.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The invention determines that the molecular weight of hyaluronic acid of a needle point matrix prescription of the drug-loaded hyaluronic acid microneedle is 40kDa, the concentration is 200mg/mL, the composite PVP K30 (20%w/v), the mass ratio of the hyaluronic acid to the composite PVP K30 is 2:1, and simultaneously, the methotrexate is 50mg/mL, and the diclofenac is 6mg/mL. The microneedle was prepared by a two-step centrifugation method as proposed herein: preparation of a needle: weighing and fully dissolving the needle point material, uniformly stirring, injecting the material into a microneedle mould, centrifuging for 15min at 4500r/min, removing and collecting the drug-containing matrix liquid on the surface of the microneedle mould, and preparing a microneedle backing layer: weighing matrix material, stirring uniformly, centrifuging at 4500r/min for 5min, removing air bubbles, injecting into microneedle mould containing drug at needle tip, taking out microneedle mould containing drug matrix liquid, drying at 25deg.C for 12 hr, shaping, and demoulding. The obtained microneedle has good formability and mechanical strength, stable drug loading and stable and feasible process.
(2) The microneedle is prepared by adopting a two-step centrifugation method, the needle tip of the drug-loaded microneedle can effectively load drugs, and meanwhile, the rapid dissolution can be realized after the drug-loaded microneedle is inserted into the skin, so that the transdermal penetration of methotrexate and diclofenac can be improved, the drug safety is improved, and the synergistic treatment effect is exerted.
(3) The double-medicine-carrying microneedle prepared by the invention can reduce the aggregation of inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-alpha by reducing inflammatory infiltration of cells in synovium and promote repair of articular cartilage so as to treat rheumatoid arthritis.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the results of mechanical strength measurement of microneedles.
Fig. 2 is a morphology of blank hyaluronic acid microneedles.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the measurement result of the skin insertion rate of the microneedle.
FIG. 4 is a graph of the measurement of the depth of insertion of a microneedle into the skin.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the results of examining the dissolution ability of a needle body in the skin.
FIG. 6 is a graph of the effect of microneedle matrix material on cell viability.
Figure 7 is a plot of toe thickness change trend for each group of mice during dosing.
Fig. 8 is a graph showing the trend of toe swelling degree change in each group of mice during administration.
FIG. 9 is a graph showing IL-6 expression in articular chondrocytes of mice in each group after completion of administration.
FIG. 10 is a graph showing TNF-. Alpha.expression in joint synovium of mice in each group after completion of administration.
FIG. 11 is a graph showing the results of safranin-fast-green staining of articular cartilage sites in groups of mice after completion of dosing.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples. The following experimental methods are all conventional methods in the art unless otherwise specified, and the ingredients or materials used, if not otherwise specified, are all commercially available. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the invention.
Example 1 preparation of hyaluronic acid microneedles
(1) Preparing a blank microneedle needle head matrix: 200mg of hyaluronic acid was weighed into a 5mL EP tube, 500. Mu.L of PVP K30 solution (20% (w/v)) was added thereto, and then ultrapure water was added to a final volume of 1mL, and the mixture was thoroughly vortexed and dissolved to obtain a blank microneedle tip matrix prescription.
(2) Prescription of a double-medicine-carrying microneedle needle head matrix: and (3) weighing a certain amount of methotrexate and diclofenac to be dissolved in the needle point matrix prescription prepared in the step (1), wherein the final concentration of the methotrexate is 50mg/mL, and the concentration of the diclofenac is 6mg/mL, so as to obtain the needle point matrix prescription of the drug-loaded microneedle.
(3) Prescription of a single medicine-carrying microneedle needle head matrix: and (3) respectively weighing a certain amount of methotrexate and diclofenac to be dissolved in the needle point matrix prescription prepared in the step (1), wherein the final concentration of the methotrexate is 50mg/mL, and the concentration of the diclofenac is 6mg/mL.
(4) The needle matrix prescription loaded with methylene blue is prepared: weighing a certain amount of methylene blue to be dissolved in the needle point matrix prescription prepared in the step (1), wherein the final concentration of the methylene blue is 8mg/mL.
(5) The preparation of a rhodamine-loaded needle matrix prescription: weighing a certain amount of rhodamine to be dissolved in the needle tip matrix prescription prepared in the step (1), wherein the final concentration of the rhodamine is 8mg/mL.
(6) Backing layer matrix formulation: 200mg of hyaluronic acid was weighed and dissolved in 1mL of ultrapure water, and the mixture was thoroughly vortexed and dissolved to obtain a microneedle-backing matrix prescription.
(7) Preparation of a needle: weighing needle point materials according to a needle point matrix prescription of the hyaluronic acid microneedle, fully dissolving and uniformly stirring, injecting into a microneedle mould, centrifuging for 15min at 4500r/min, removing and collecting medicine-containing matrix liquid on the surface of the microneedle mould, and drying at 25 ℃ for 12h to obtain a microneedle mould with needle points free of medicine and containing medicine respectively;
(8) Preparation of microneedle backing layer: weighing matrix materials according to a backing layer matrix prescription of the hyaluronic acid microneedle, stirring uniformly, centrifuging for 5min at 4500r/min to remove bubbles, injecting into a microneedle mould with a needle tip containing medicine, taking out the microneedle mould, drying and forming, and demoulding to obtain the hyaluronic acid microneedle, wherein a blank microneedle is marked as HA/PVP-MN, a microneedle loaded with methotrexate and dichlorophenolic acid is respectively marked as MTX-MN and DIC-MN, and a microneedle loaded with the two medicines is marked as MIX-MN.
Example 2 mechanical Strength measurement of microneedles
The testing method comprises the following steps: the mechanical strength of each set of microneedle tips was measured using a texture analyzer. The dried microneedle groups were cut into 3 x 3 arrays with a scalpel for measurement, a motion sensor of appropriate size was selected, the microneedle array was placed in a chassis, the backing layer was in contact with the chassis, and the procedure was set for single extrusion. The movement sensor contacts the needle tip portion from top to bottom, and when the bottom of the sensor contacts the topmost end of the MN, it begins to register the stroke of the sensor and the force exerted on the MN. The parameters were set to 100N maximum force, 0.15% of maximum force (0.15N) initial force, 80% percent deformation, 0.05mm/s downward probe movement speed, the instrument recorded the microneedle breaking force, thereby making a force-displacement curve over time, intercepting the force-displacement curve of the microneedle within 300 μm, and the measurement results are shown in FIG. 1. When the force-displacement curve is smooth and the downward displacement of the texture instrument probe reaches 300 mu m, the single needle of the microneedle can bear about 0.7N, which indicates that the tip of the microneedle has good bearing capacity.
Example 3 structural characterization and Performance test of hyaluronic acid microneedles
1. Structural characterization of hyaluronic acid microneedles
The morphology of HA/PVP-MN in example 1 was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, and the scanning electron microscopy photograph is shown in FIG. 2. The microneedle array is orderly arranged, no obvious needle point fracture or deletion phenomenon exists in the visual field range, the backing layer is smooth and has no shrinkage, the single needle height is 750 mu m, and the single needle is basically matched with the die height (800 mu m).
2. Physical and chemical properties of hyaluronic acid microneedles
The physicochemical properties of hyaluronic acid were evaluated by testing its microneedle solubility and skin penetration ability.
Test sample: example 1 hollow white hyaluronic acid microneedle HA/PVP-MN microneedles with 8mg/mL methylene blue and 8mg/mL rhodamine loaded in the tips, respectively.
The testing method comprises the following steps: skin insertion rate measurement: the skin of the mice was removed from the-20 ℃ refrigerator, thawed in normal saline, and returned to room temperature. After the skin was wiped dry with the surface water, the stratum corneum was facing upward, the methylene blue microneedle was removed, the microneedle was pressed into the skin with thumb and abdomen force for 30s, the backing layer was carefully removed with forceps after holding for 5min, the number of blue holes left on the skin was observed, and the insertion rate was calculated as the ratio of the number of blue arrays left on the skin surface of the mouse to the number of complete arrays (10×10) obtained by demolding.
Skin insertion depth measurement: after shearing off the edge of the back lining, forcefully inserting the needle tip into isolated pigskin, inverting the skin sample into a culture dish, detecting the fluorescence intensity at 561nm by using a confocal laser microscope, and visually observing to observe the vertical distribution of rhodamine in the skin. The plane parallel to the surface of the pig skin is defined as the XY plane, and the plane perpendicular to the downward direction of the pig skin is the Z plane. The stratum corneum scan is the initial scan plane of the skin when the visible microneedle array is present, where z=0 μm. From the initial scanning surface, capturing an optical picture at intervals of 20 μm downwards along the Z plane until no red fluorescence is observed, and finally obtaining the diffusion depth of rhodamine in the isolated pig skin.
Results: the results of the scan of the penetration rate of the microneedle's skin ex vivo and the depth of skin insertion are shown in figures 3 and 4. The methylene blue staining results in fig. 3 show that the microneedles leave about 70% of the total needle count as blue pinholes in the skin, i.e., the microneedles have good skin insertion ability. In fig. 4, the red fluorescence of rhodamine is disappeared until the 220 μm of the bottom layer of the skin, i.e., the microneedle can be inserted to a depth of about 220 μm of the tip.
3. Needle skin dissolution performance measurement
The testing method comprises the following steps: skin harvesting and preservation: the skin of the back of the freshly killed mice was shaved, depilatory cream treated, rinsed in physiological saline and stored in a-20 ℃ refrigerator, all skin used within a week. Before use, the skin is thawed in physiological saline to return to room temperature, and the skin surface moisture is wiped off. The thumb abdomen presses the blank microneedle backing layer for 30s with force, the needle tip is removed after being inserted into the skin for a period of time, and the dissolution of the needle body at different times after the needle tip is inserted into the skin is observed and photographed by a microscope.
Results: the dissolution of the needle over time is shown in fig. 5, where the needle portion is substantially completely dissolved within 20 minutes of insertion into the skin, indicating that the microneedle needle has good solubility in the skin.
Example 4 Effect of microneedle matrix Material on epidermal cell viability
The effect of the microneedle matrix material on epidermal cell viability was examined cytologically by cell experiments with blank microneedles.
Test sample: blank microneedle sample HA/PVP-MN in example 1;
the experimental method comprises the following steps: adding a proper amount of DMEM high-sugar culture medium into a 50mL centrifuge tube, enabling the mass (mg) of hyaluronic acid microneedles (HA/PVP-MN) to be 0.04:1, 0.08:1, 0.12:1 and 0.16:1 respectively, coating a membrane by using a 0.22 mu m needle filter, and adding 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% diab to obtain microneedle leaching solutions with different concentrations. And detecting the cell activity of the HaCaT cells after the HaCaT cells are co-cultured with the blank microneedle leaching solutions with different concentrations for 24 hours by adopting a CCK-8 method. The complete DMEM high sugar medium seeded in 96-well plates of HaCaT cells was aspirated and 100 μl of microneedle extracts with mass concentrations of 4%, 8%, 12%, 16%, respectively, were added. The 96-well plate was placed at 37℃and 5% (v/v) CO 2 After 24h incubation in an incubator containing CCK-8. Mu.L per well, the microneedle extract in the 96-well plate was pipetted off and 110. Mu.L of CCK-8 reagent diluted with complete DMEM high-sugar medium was added again, and the cell incubator was placedCulturing for 1-1.5 h, and measuring the cell activity by an enzyme-labeled instrument at the wavelength of 450 nm.
Results: as shown in fig. 6, the microneedle extracts at different concentrations had no significant effect on the viability of the epidermal cells. The survival rate of cells in leaching solutions with different concentrations is more than or equal to 80 percent, no obvious cytotoxicity is caused, and the cell compatibility is good, so that the microneedle matrix material has good cell compatibility.
Example 5 therapeutic action of drug-loaded micro-on rheumatoid arthritis mice
The murine model of rheumatoid arthritis uses two toe subcutaneous injections of Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA).
The experimental method comprises the following steps: 58 KM mice, 4-5 weeks old, were adapted to one week in SPF-class animal houses. The state of the mice is observed every day, food is added every other day, and water and padding are timely replaced, so that the normal growth of the mice is ensured. The method comprises the steps of accurately preparing a chloral hydrate solution with the concentration of 50mg/mL before molding, performing intraperitoneal injection according to the weight of a mouse according to the dosage of 0.1mL/10g, completely anesthetizing the mouse after about 20min, sterilizing the position of a right rear foot pad by using 95% alcohol, performing immunization by injecting 80 mu L CFA subcutaneously for the first time, performing immunization by injecting 40 mu L CFA subcutaneously into the toes by the same method on the 7 th day after that, and enhancing the molding effect, wherein normal mice are injected subcutaneously with physiological saline with the same volume as that of the molding module respectively for two times. Mice scored 3-4 were randomly grouped according to clinical arthritis scoring criteria at day 14 after molding was completed. Mice that were successfully modeled were divided into the following 8 groups (n=5): a normal group, a Model group, a blank microneedle group (given HA/PVP-MN), an MTX-oral group (MTX solution lavage group), an MTX-MN group, a DIC-MN group, a microneedle combination administration group, wherein the microneedle combined administration component is divided into a half group (1/2 MIX-MN group, each half-piece carrying double-drug microneedle) and a MIX-MN group (each piece carrying double-drug microneedle).
When the drug is dosed, the normal group and the model group are not treated by dosing, a blank group (HA/PVP-MN) is a blank microneedle patch at a time, and according to the drug loading in the microneedles, the dosing amount of each group is set as follows: the methotrexate microneedle group was half-piece MTX-MN (450. Mu.g MTX) at a time, the diclofenac sodium group was one piece DIC-MN (300. Mu.g DIC) at a time, and the microneedle combination administration group was half-piece and one piece MIX-MN, respectively, and was designated as 1/2MIX-MN group (260. Mu.g MTX, 140. Mu.g DIC) and MIX-MN group (520. Mu.g MTX, 280. Mu.g DIC), and the MTX intragastric administration group was 50. Mu.L in terms of clinical administration dose according to the report in the literature. Wherein, the MIX-MN group combines two medicines, and the dosages of the two medicines are basically consistent with those of the single medicine carrying group microneedle; the MIX group microneedle was halved by surgery to obtain 1/2MIX-MN group, and the dose of both drugs was halved.
The mice of each group are dosed every other day, the back lining layer is adhered to the transparent adhesive tape before the micro-needle is dosed, the needle tip is inserted into the dehairing position of the right leg of the mice with the force of the thumb abdomen, and the mice are pressed for 30s, so that the complete insertion is ensured. After 2 hours, the mice gradually wake up and can normally move, and enough water and feed are given. The administration was 5 times in total on day 0 before the start of the administration.
1. Monitoring of toe thickness and swelling in mice
Before each administration, the thickness and swelling condition of the same part of the toe of the mouse after the last administration are measured and recorded by a vernier caliper, and the swelling rate is calculated. The modeling part is the right rear toe of the mouse, so the toe swelling rate is calculated as follows:
swelling ratio (%) = (right toe thickness-left toe thickness)/left toe thickness×100%
Results: the trend of toe thickness and swelling changes during dosing in each group of mice is shown in figures 7 and 8. The statistics of toe thickness during each group of mice in FIG. 7 show that the toe thickness of the mice after molding was about 5mm, the toe thickness of each group of mice was reduced to some extent after the end of administration, and the toe thickness reduction of each group of mice was significantly different (p < 0.001) from that of the model group (5.15.+ -. 0.54 mm) except for the blank microneedle group, wherein the toe thickness reduction was most significantly reduced for both groups of mice with the combination administration group to 3.90.+ -. 0.19mm (1/2 MIX-MN), 3.89.+ -. 0.20mm (MIX-MN), respectively, and the toe swelling was significantly improved. The above results preliminarily show the therapeutic effect of the microneedle drug combination group against RA; the toe swelling degree comparison results in fig. 8 show that the toe swelling degree of the mice in the combination administration group is most significantly reduced from 41% and 40% before administration to 21% and 22% respectively in the 1/2MIX-MN group and MIX-MN group after 5 administrations, and the toe swelling rates are significantly different from those in the model group (p < 0.001), which is consistent with the measurement results of toe thickness in fig. 7.
2. Detection of inflammatory factors at joint parts of mice in each group
The experimental method comprises the following steps: after the administration, the inflammatory parts of the joints of the mice in each group are cut off from 1-2 cm above the ankle joints by using surgical scissors, the mice are stored in paraformaldehyde after dehairing, and the expression conditions of IL-6 and TNF-alpha at the joint synovium parts in articular chondrocytes are respectively measured.
Results: the results of immunohistochemical detection of IL-6 and TNF-alpha at the articular cartilage parts of mice are shown in figures 9 and 10, and the parts indicated by arrows in the model group in the figures are positive areas of inflammatory factor expression.
As can be seen from FIG. 9, there was no significant IL-6 expression at the chondrocytes of the normal mice, the nuclei were stained clearly, and there was massive inflammatory factor infiltration in the chondrocytes of the Model mice. Compared with the model group, the expression quantity of the IL-6 in each group is obviously different, and the staining result of the HA/PVP-MN group shows that the IL-6 infiltration in the chondrocytes is obvious, and each administration group (MTX-oral, MTX-MN, 1/2MIX-MN and MIX-MN) can reduce the infiltration of the IL-6 to different degrees and improve the surrounding environment of the chondrocytes.
The results of TNF-. Alpha.immunohistochemical treatment of joint sites in mice of each group in FIG. 10 showed that the joint gap of mice of the model group was widened and a large amount of inflammatory factors were accumulated at joint sites at the junction of synovium, the joint surface was not smooth, and the content of joint sites in mice of each group was decreased in the visual field after administration, wherein the effect of the co-administration group (1/2 MIX-MN, MIX-MN) on the expression level of TNF-. Alpha.was comparable to that of MTX-oral group, and the joint sites of three groups of mice were not significantly accumulated.
3. Safranine fast green staining of joint parts of mice of each group
Safranin fast-green staining is a common staining method for distinguishing cartilage from subchondral bone, and the dye consists of basic dye safranin and acid dye fast-green. In the bone joint, cartilage tissue is basophilic, capable of binding with safranin to appear red; subchondral bone tissue is acidophilic and green after combining with fast green. Under pathological conditions, when cartilage tissue is damaged, the chondrocytes release glycoprotein, which is unevenly distributed in the matrix and affects safranin staining, and tissue light staining or loss staining can be seen as a result of microscopic examination. To observe the changes in articular cartilage in each group of mice, the joint sites of the mice were stained for safranin-fast green after the end of dosing.
After the administration, the joint inflammation parts of each group of mice are cut off from 1-2 cm above the ankle joint by using surgical scissors, the mice are stored in paraformaldehyde after unhairing, and the joint cartilage parts are subjected to safranine fast-green staining.
Results: safranin staining of cartilage sites was deep and uniform in normal group mice; compared with the normal group, the Model group mice have damaged articular cartilage, obvious light staining and missing phenomena of safranin staining, and viable chondrocytes are reduced, and after administration, the safranin staining results of different groups of mice are better than those of the Model group, and the safranin staining is deepened in the visual field range, so that the safranin staining can promote proliferation of the chondrocytes of the mice to a certain extent after administration, and help cartilage repair.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. A drug-loaded hyaluronic acid microneedle, comprising a drug-containing microneedle tip and a hyaluronic acid microneedle backing layer.
2. The drug-loaded hyaluronic acid microneedle according to claim 1, wherein the drug is at least one of methotrexate at a concentration of 50-60mg/mL and diclofenac at a concentration of 6-8 mg/mL.
3. The drug loaded hyaluronic acid microneedle according to claim 2, wherein the microneedle tip is made of hyaluronic acid and polyvinylpyrrolidone mixed; the mass ratio of the hyaluronic acid to the polyvinylpyrrolidone is 2-5:1.
4. The drug loaded hyaluronic acid microneedle of claim 3, wherein the hyaluronic acid has a molecular weight of 40kDa and a concentration of 200mg/mL.
5. A method for preparing the drug-loaded hyaluronic acid microneedle according to claim 3, comprising the following steps:
(1) Mixing and dissolving hyaluronic acid and polyvinylpyrrolidone to obtain a blank microneedle tip matrix;
(2) Dissolving the medicine in the blank microneedle tip matrix, and regulating the final concentration of the medicine to obtain a medicine-carrying microneedle tip matrix;
(3) Dissolving hyaluronic acid to obtain a microneedle backing matrix;
(4) Injecting the drug-loaded microneedle tip matrix into a microneedle mould, and drying to obtain a microneedle tip containing a drug;
(5) And adding the microneedle backing matrix into a mould containing the microneedle tips, drying and demoulding to obtain the drug-loaded hyaluronic acid microneedles.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the drying temperature is 25-30 ℃ and the drying time is 12-16h.
7. Use of the drug-loaded hyaluronic acid microneedle according to claims 1-4 for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of rheumatic immune diseases.
8. The use according to claim 7, wherein the rheumatic immune disease is rheumatoid arthritis.
9. The use according to claim 7, wherein the drug loaded hyaluronic acid microneedles contain no less than 260 μg of methotrexate or no less than 140 μg of diclofenac.
10. The use of claim 8, wherein the drug-loaded hyaluronic acid microneedle is capable of reducing inflammatory infiltration of cells in synovium, reducing aggregation of inflammatory factors IL-6, TNF-a, and promoting articular cartilage repair.
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