CN116864190A - Flame-retardant fire-resistant anti-interference radiation-resistant control cable and detection method - Google Patents
Flame-retardant fire-resistant anti-interference radiation-resistant control cable and detection method Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 230000009970 fire resistant effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 93
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- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000003066 decision tree Methods 0.000 claims description 59
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- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 10
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/02—Disposition of insulation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
- H01B7/18—Protection against damage caused by wear, mechanical force or pressure; Sheaths; Armouring
- H01B7/22—Metal wires or tapes, e.g. made of steel
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
- H01B7/29—Protection against damage caused by extremes of temperature or by flame
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
- H01B7/29—Protection against damage caused by extremes of temperature or by flame
- H01B7/295—Protection against damage caused by extremes of temperature or by flame using material resistant to flame
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Abstract
The invention provides a flame-retardant fire-resistant anti-interference radiation-resistant control cable and a detection method, and relates to the technical field of control cables. The multi-strand cable comprises a multi-strand cable inner core, wherein the outer walls of the multi-strand cable inner cores are respectively coated with an inner insulating layer, the outer sides of a plurality of the inner insulating layers are provided with non-woven fabric tape layers, a plurality of groups of lining objects are arranged at intervals between the inner insulating layers and the non-woven fabric tape layers, and a plurality of groups of lining objects are respectively coated with lining steel wires; the outer side of the non-woven fabric belt layer is coated with a shielding layer, and the outer side of the shielding layer is coated with an inner sheath; the inner sheath outside cladding has fire-retardant layer, fire-retardant layer outside is provided with the oversheath, be equipped with the armor between fire-retardant layer and the oversheath. Through setting up the armor that is made by the wire net, not only guaranteed the bulk strength and the tensile properties of cable, also alleviateed the bulk weight of cable greatly, the network structure design of wire net also makes the cable have better compliance, more is convenient for threading and lay.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of control cables and intelligent detection, in particular to a flame-retardant, fireproof, anti-interference and radiation-resistant control cable and a detection method.
Background
The control cable is a polyvinyl chloride insulated and sheathed control cable which is suitable for industrial and mining enterprises, energy traffic departments, control and protection circuits with the alternating current rated voltage of 450/750V or below, and the like. The wire and cable industry is the second largest industry in China, which is second to the automobile industry, and the product variety satisfaction rate and the domestic market share are both over 90 percent. Worldwide, china has become the first world-wide wire and cable production control country. With the continuous expansion of the industries such as the China power industry, the data communication industry, the urban rail transit industry, the automobile industry, shipbuilding and the like, the demand for wires and cables is rapidly increased, and the future wire and cable industry has great development potential.
The control cable is a power supply connection circuit capable of directly transmitting electric energy to various electric equipment from a distribution point of a power system, common faults of the control cable circuit include mechanical damage, insulation damage, overvoltage, cable overheat faults and the like, various different types of control cables exist in the market at present, most of the control cables have certain functions of flame retardance, fire prevention, interference resistance and the like, and in order to enhance the overall strength and tensile property of the cables, thick armor layers are often designed in the cables, but the overall weight of the control cables is increased to a certain extent, and meanwhile, the softness of the control cables is greatly reduced, so that the cables are time-consuming and labor-consuming in the subsequent transportation and laying processes; secondly, insulation and fire prevention of the existing control cable are mostly realized through a polyvinyl chloride sheath, but when the wire core inside the cable is over-pressed or overheated due to short circuit, the polyvinyl chloride sheath starts to soften at 80-85 ℃,130 ℃ becomes a viscoelastic state, 160-180 ℃ starts to be converted into a viscous state, and when the temperature is overheated, the integral layered protection structure of the cable is seriously deformed, so that the local protection layer of the cable is easily thinned and is easily broken down by high-voltage current, and fire disaster is further caused, so that a great potential safety hazard exists in the actual use process. In addition, conventional cable detection methods often require manual operations, are time consuming and laborious, and are prone to human error.
Therefore, a novel flame-retardant, fire-resistant, anti-interference and radiation-resistant control cable and a detection method are developed.
Disclosure of Invention
(1) Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a flame-retardant fire-resistant anti-interference radiation-resistant control cable, which solves the problems that the thick armor layer of the existing control cable increases the whole weight of the control cable and greatly reduces the softness of the control cable; secondly, insulation and fire prevention of the existing control cable are mostly realized through a polyvinyl chloride sheath, when the temperature is overheated, the integral layered protection structure of the cable can be seriously deformed, so that the local protection layer of the cable can be thinned easily, and the cable is broken down easily by high-voltage current, so that the problem of fire is caused. In addition, the intelligent cable detection method can rapidly and accurately detect the state and faults of the cable.
(2) Technical proposal
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the flame-retardant fire-resistant anti-interference radiation-resistant control cable comprises a multi-strand cable inner core, wherein the outer walls of the multi-strand cable inner core are respectively coated with an inner insulating layer, the outer sides of a plurality of the inner insulating layers are provided with non-woven fabric tape layers, a plurality of groups of lining materials are arranged at intervals between the inner insulating layers and the non-woven fabric tape layers, and lining steel wires are respectively coated in the lining materials;
the outer side of the non-woven fabric belt layer is coated with a shielding layer, and the outer side of the shielding layer is coated with an inner sheath;
the inner sheath outside cladding has fire-retardant layer, fire-retardant layer outside is provided with the oversheath, be equipped with the armor between fire-retardant layer and the oversheath.
Preferably, the cable cores are all made of metallic copper, and a plurality of groups of cable cores and the inner insulating layer are twisted mutually.
Through the technical scheme, the multi-strand cable inner core twisted with each other can offset the induction magnetic fields between two adjacent rings, so that a better anti-interference effect is achieved.
Preferably, the non-woven tape layer is formed by spirally winding a non-woven tape.
Through the technical scheme, the non-woven belt layer formed by spirally winding the non-woven belt can protect and fix the inner insulating layer and the lining, and meanwhile, the processing of the subsequent shielding layer and the inner sheath is convenient.
Preferably, the lining is formed by winding and extruding non-woven fabrics.
Through the technical scheme, the lining formed by winding and extruding the non-woven fabrics can be matched with the multi-strand cable inner core to further ensure the whole roundness of the cable, so that other protective layers can be processed later.
Preferably, the shielding layer is formed by spirally winding a copper foil tape.
Through above-mentioned technical scheme, through the shielding layer spiral winding cladding and the same material of cable inner core in non-woven fabrics belt layer outside, can make the influence of cable inner core electromagnetic force absorbed by the shielding layer to can further play anti-interference and radiation-resistant function in the outside of stranded cable inner core.
Preferably, the flame retardant layer is made of mica material.
Through the technical scheme, the fire-retardant layer made of the mica material can further enhance the overall fire resistance, high temperature resistance and fire resistance of the cable, and when the temperature of the cable is too high due to overvoltage or short circuit of the cable inner core, the fire-retardant layer made of the mica material can play roles in fire resistance and fire retardance, and can not be burnt through or deformed and broken due to high temperature, so that fire disaster is caused, the overall safety and reliability of the cable are greatly improved, and the potential safety hazard in the actual use process of the cable is reduced.
Preferably, the inner insulating layer, the inner sheath and the outer sheath are all made of polyvinyl chloride materials.
Through the technical scheme, the inner insulating layer, the inner sheath and the outer sheath which are made of polyvinyl chloride materials have excellent dielectric properties, so that the cable has good insulating properties, has excellent properties of flame retardance and flame retardance, and can enhance the overall insulating property, flame retardance and fire resistance of the cable.
Preferably, the armor is the wire net, the wire net includes vertical steel wire, the outside evenly welded of vertical steel wire has multiunit evenly distributed's first semi-ring steel ring and second semi-ring steel ring.
Through above-mentioned technical scheme, by vertical steel wire, multiunit first semi-ring steel ring and second semi-ring steel ring machine-formed wire net not only guaranteed the bulk strength and the tensile strength of cable, also alleviateed the bulk weight of cable simultaneously greatly, the network structure design of wire net also makes the cable have better compliance, more is convenient for threading and lay.
Preferably, the steel wire mesh and the outer sheath are of an integrated structure, and the outer sheath is coated on the outer periphery of the steel wire mesh.
Through above-mentioned technical scheme, through with wire net and the integrative cast molding of oversheath, both can simplify production processing technology, also can realize the stable location and the fixed of wire net in cable inside simultaneously.
Preferably, the armor is a steel strip, and the number of the steel strips is two and the steel strips are mutually wound.
Through above-mentioned technical scheme, through the repacking layer of processing into the cable with two sets of intertwined steel band, can strengthen the holistic intensity and the stretch-proofing performance of cable, the thickness of steel band is 0.5-1mm, and the steel band of 0.5-1mm thickness can guarantee the holistic intensity of cable, also can not lead to the whole weight of cable too heavy simultaneously to transport and lay more conveniently.
The invention discloses a detection method of a flame-retardant, fireproof, anti-interference and radiation-resistant control cable, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, a sensor array is arranged on the surface of a cable or nearby the cable and comprises a current sensor, a voltage sensor and a temperature sensor, wherein the current sensor, the voltage sensor and the temperature sensor are used for measuring current intensity, voltage level and temperature change information of the cable;
step 2, receiving analog signals acquired by the sensor array through the data acquisition module, and converting the analog signals into digital signals, wherein the digital signals comprise an analog-to-digital converter ADC, a filter and an amplifier circuit which are connected, and the analog-to-digital converter ADC, the filter and the amplifier circuit are used for processing and optimizing the acquired signals;
step 3, the data analysis module receives the digital signals transmitted by the data acquisition module, analyzes the cable data by utilizing an improved random forest algorithm and a model, trains and identifies the cable data, and can judge the state of the cable, if yes, whether a fault exists or not and whether the early warning threshold value is reached or not;
step 4, the fault diagnosis module further performs fault diagnosis and judgment on the cable, the module can detect the specific fault type and position of the cable by comparing and analyzing the result output by the data analysis module, when an abnormal situation is found, the fault diagnosis module can send an alarm or inform related personnel to perform further processing, and the fault diagnosis module can perform matching and judgment according to a preset fault library or fault model so as to improve the accuracy and efficiency of diagnosis;
and 5, providing a user interface for a user to interact with the system by the intelligent cable detection system, and providing data display, report generation and fault processing through the user interface.
(3) Advantageous effects
The invention provides a flame-retardant fire-resistant anti-interference radiation-resistant control cable. The beneficial effects are as follows:
1. this kind of fire-retardant fire-resistant anti-interference radiation resistant control cable through the armor that sets up by the wire net and make, has not only guaranteed the bulk strength and the stretch-proofing performance of cable, has also alleviateed the bulk weight of cable simultaneously greatly, and the network structure design of wire net also makes the cable have better compliance, more is convenient for threading and lay.
2. The flame-retardant layer made of the mica material is designed in the cable, so that the overall fireproof, high-temperature-resistant and flame-retardant performance of the cable can be further enhanced, when the temperature of the cable is too high due to overvoltage or short circuit, the flame-retardant layer made of the mica material can play a role in preventing the cable from being fireproof and flame, and meanwhile, the cable cannot be burnt or deformed and broken due to high temperature, so that the overall safety and reliability of the cable are greatly improved, and the potential safety hazard in the practical use process of the cable is reduced.
3. The improved random forest introduces a mechanism for random feature selection, and each time a node splits, a part of features are randomly selected from candidate features to split. In this way, the over dependence of specific features on the model can be reduced, the risk of over fitting is reduced, and the generalization capability of the model is improved. Through random feature selection, the improved random forest can construct more different decision trees, so that the diversity of the model is increased. Thus, complex relations and characteristics in cable data can be better captured, and the prediction accuracy and stability of the model are improved. The improved random forest makes the model more robust to changes in the input data by introducing randomness. Even if the model is faced with noise or abnormal data, the model can be well processed and adapted, the sensitivity to interference is reduced, and the reliability of the system is improved. While the conventional random forest needs to evaluate all the characteristics of each node, the improved random forest only needs to randomly select part of the characteristics in each node for evaluation, thereby reducing the calculation amount. Therefore, the training speed of the model can be increased, and the efficiency of the system is improved. The whole detection process does not need manual intervention, so that the working efficiency is improved, and the possibility of human errors is reduced. The state and fault of the cable can be detected rapidly and accurately by utilizing the artificial intelligence technology to perform data analysis and fault diagnosis. The system can continuously monitor the state of the cable, discover potential faults in time and take corresponding measures, so that accidents are avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a front view of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the steel wire mesh of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the steel wire mesh of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the processing structure of the steel wire mesh of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a first welding mechanism according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of a second welding mechanism according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the structure of the steel strip of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic structural view of the wire positioning and guiding mechanism of the present invention.
1, a cable inner core; 2. an inner insulating layer; 3. a non-woven tape layer; 4. a lining; 5. lining steel wires; 6. a shielding layer; 7. an inner sheath; 8. a flame retardant layer; 9. an outer sheath; 10. an armor layer; 101. a steel wire mesh; 1011. longitudinal steel wires; 1012. a first half ring steel ring; 1013. a second semi-ring steel ring; 102. a steel strip; 11. a first feeding manipulator; 1101. a horizontal clamping feeding manipulator; 1102. the first electromagnetic suction clamp seat; 12. a first welding mechanism; 1201. a first welded seat; 1202. a first welding head; 1203. a first connecting rod; 13. a second feeding manipulator; 1301. a feeding manipulator is vertically clamped; 1302. the second electromagnetic suction clamp seat; 14. a second welding mechanism; 1401. a second welding seat; 1402. a second welding head; 1403. a second connecting rod; 15. a steel wire positioning and guiding mechanism; 1501. positioning a guide seat; 1502. and positioning the through holes.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Embodiment one: as shown in fig. 1-8, the embodiment of the invention provides a flame-retardant, fire-resistant, anti-interference and radiation-resistant control cable, which comprises a multi-strand cable inner core 1, wherein the outer walls of the multi-strand cable inner cores 1 are all coated with an inner insulating layer 2, the multi-strand cable inner cores 1 are all made of metal copper, a plurality of groups of cable inner cores 1 and the inner insulating layer 2 are twisted with each other, and the multi-strand cable inner cores 1 twisted with each other can offset the induction magnetic fields between two adjacent rings, so that a better anti-interference effect is achieved;
the outer sides of the inner insulating layers 2 are provided with the non-woven tape layers 3, the non-woven tape layers 3 are formed by spirally winding non-woven tapes, the non-woven tape layers 3 formed by spirally winding the non-woven tapes can protect and fix the inner insulating layers 2 and the inner lining 4, and meanwhile, the processing of the subsequent shielding layers 6 and the inner sheath 7 is facilitated;
a plurality of groups of lining materials 4 are arranged at intervals between the inner insulating layers 2 and the non-woven tape layers 3, lining steel wires 5 are wrapped in the lining materials 4, the lining materials 4 are formed by winding and extrusion of non-woven fabrics, the lining materials 4 formed by winding and extrusion of the non-woven fabrics can be matched with the multi-strand cable inner cores 1 to further ensure the whole roundness of the cable, so that other protective layers can be processed later, and the whole stretch resistance of the cable can be further enhanced in the lining steel wires 5;
the shielding layer 6 is coated on the outer side of the non-woven tape layer 3, the shielding layer 6 is formed by spirally winding a copper foil tape, and the shielding layer 6 which is made of the same material as the cable inner core 1 is spirally wound on the outer side of the non-woven tape layer 3, so that the influence of electromagnetic force of the cable inner core 1 can be absorbed by the shielding layer 6, the anti-interference and radiation-resistant functions can be further realized on the outer side of the multi-strand cable inner core 1, and the stability of a transmission signal is ensured;
the inner sheath 7 is coated on the outer side of the shielding layer 6, the flame-retardant layer 8 is coated on the outer side of the inner sheath 7, the flame-retardant layer 8 is made of mica materials, the flame-retardant layer 8 made of mica materials can further enhance the overall fireproof, high-temperature-resistant and flame-retardant performances of the cable, when the temperature of the cable is too high due to overvoltage or short circuit of the cable inner core 1, the flame-retardant layer 8 made of mica materials can play roles in fireproof and flame retardance, and meanwhile, the flame-retardant layer 8 cannot be burnt through or deformed and broken due to high temperature, so that fire disaster is caused, and the overall safety and reliability of the cable are greatly improved, and the potential safety hazard in the actual use process of the cable is reduced;
the outer side of the flame retardant layer 8 is provided with the outer sheath 9, the inner insulating layer 2, the inner sheath 7 and the outer sheath 9 are all made of polyvinyl chloride materials, and the inner insulating layer 2, the inner sheath 7 and the outer sheath 9 which are made of polyvinyl chloride materials have excellent dielectric properties, so that the cable has better insulating properties, and simultaneously has excellent flame retardant and flame retardant properties, so that the insulation, flame retardant and flame retardant properties of the whole cable can be enhanced;
as shown in fig. 4-5, an armor layer 10 is arranged between the flame retardant layer 8 and the outer sheath 9; the armor layer 10 is a steel wire mesh 101, the steel wire mesh 101 and the outer sheath 9 are of an integrated structure, the outer sheath 9 is coated on the periphery side of the steel wire mesh 101, and the steel wire mesh 101 and the outer sheath 9 are integrally cast to form, so that the production and processing process can be simplified, and meanwhile, the stable positioning and fixing of the steel wire mesh 101 in the cable can be realized; the steel wire mesh 101 includes vertical steel wire 1011, and the outside evenly welded of vertical steel wire 1011 has multiunit evenly distributed's first semi-ring steel ring 1012 and second semi-ring steel ring 1013, by vertical steel wire 1011, multiunit first semi-ring steel ring 1012 and second semi-ring steel ring 1013 machine-shaping's steel wire mesh 101 not only guaranteed the bulk strength and the tensile strength of cable, protection cable does not cause inside injury because of the mechanical action, has also alleviateed the bulk weight of cable simultaneously greatly, and the network structure design of steel wire mesh 101 also makes the cable have better compliance, more is convenient for threading and laying.
As shown in fig. 6, the production and processing equipment for processing the steel wire mesh 101 includes a first feeding manipulator 11, a first welding mechanism 12, a second feeding manipulator 13, a second welding mechanism 14, a steel wire positioning and guiding mechanism 15, an auxiliary feeding structure (not shown in the drawing) and the like, wherein the auxiliary feeding structure is used for completing automatic feeding of a first semi-ring steel ring 1012 and a second semi-ring steel ring 1013 to the first feeding manipulator 11 and the second feeding manipulator 13, and then the first semi-ring steel ring 1012 and the second semi-ring steel ring 1013 are respectively magnetically fixed by the first feeding manipulator 11 and the second feeding manipulator 13 and are conveyed to a designated position for subsequent welding;
as shown in fig. 7, the first feeding manipulator 11 includes two horizontal clamping feeding manipulators 1101, and first electromagnetic suction holders 1102 are disposed on inner sides of the two horizontal clamping feeding manipulators 1101; the two horizontal clamping and feeding manipulators 1101 are used for clamping two first half ring steel rings 1012 which are symmetrically arranged, moving the two first half ring steel rings 1012 to the outer walls of the plurality of longitudinal steel wires 1011 and attaching the two first half ring steel rings 1012 to the outer walls of the plurality of longitudinal steel wires 1011, so that the two first half ring steel rings 1012 and the plurality of longitudinal steel wires 1011 are welded and fixed by the subsequent first welding mechanism 12;
as shown in fig. 7, the first welding mechanism 12 includes two first welding seats 1201, one sides of the two first welding seats 1201 are respectively provided with a plurality of first welding heads 1202, the centers of the other sides of the two first welding seats 1201 are respectively fixedly connected with a first connecting rod 1203, the two first welding seats 1201 are fixedly connected with a telescopic cylinder through the two first connecting rods 1203, after the two first semi-ring steel rings 1012 are positioned, the two first welding seats 1201 simultaneously move towards the connection parts of the first semi-ring steel rings 1012 and the longitudinal steel wires 1011, and then the plurality of connection parts are welded by the plurality of first welding heads 1202 on the two first welding seats 1201 simultaneously;
as shown in fig. 8, the second feeding manipulator 13 includes a vertical clamping feeding manipulator 1301, a second electromagnetic suction clamping seat 1302 is arranged at the inner side of the vertical clamping feeding manipulator 1301, and two vertical clamping feeding manipulators 1301 are used for clamping two symmetrically arranged second semi-ring steel rings 1013, moving the two vertically clamped feeding manipulators 1301 to the outer walls of a plurality of longitudinal steel wires 1011 and attaching the two vertically clamped feeding manipulators to the outer walls of the plurality of longitudinal steel wires 1011, so that a subsequent second welding mechanism 14 can simultaneously weld and fix the two second semi-ring steel rings 1013 and the plurality of longitudinal steel wires 1011;
as shown in fig. 8, the second welding mechanism 14 includes two second welding seats 1401, one sides of the two second welding seats 1401 are provided with a plurality of second welding heads 1402, centers of the other sides of the two second welding seats 1401 are fixedly connected with second connecting rods 1403, the two second welding seats 1401 are fixedly connected with telescopic cylinders through the two second connecting rods 1403, after the two second semi-ring steel rings 1013 are positioned, the two second welding seats 1401 move towards the connecting parts of the second semi-ring steel rings 1013 and the longitudinal steel wires 1011 at the same time, and then a plurality of connecting parts are welded by the plurality of second welding heads 1402 on the two second welding seats 1401 at the same time;
as shown in fig. 10, the steel wire positioning guide mechanism 15 includes a positioning guide seat 1501, a plurality of uniformly distributed positioning through holes 1502 are formed on the peripheral side of the positioning guide seat 1501, and the plurality of positioning through holes 1502 on the positioning guide seat 1501 can perform a moving positioning and limiting function on the plurality of longitudinal steel wires 1011 so as to ensure that the plurality of longitudinal steel wires 1011 can enclose to form a cylindrical structure, so as to facilitate the subsequent welding of the first semi-ring steel ring 1012 and the second semi-ring steel ring 1013.
The first feeding mechanical arm 11 and the first welding mechanism 12 are a set of, the second feeding mechanical arm 13 and the second welding mechanism 14 are another set, two sets of welding equipment are mutually matched, the welding of the steel wire mesh 101 is synchronously and coordinately completed, the steel wire mesh 101 is uniformly distributed on the peripheral side of the outer wall of the flame retardant layer 8 in the processing process, the flame retardant layer 8 made of mica materials can play a role in flame retardance and heat insulation at the high temperature generated in the welding moment, and damage to other protective layers on the inner side of the flame retardant layer 8 can be effectively prevented.
Embodiment two: as shown in fig. 9, this embodiment is based on the first embodiment: the armor 10 is steel band 102, and the quantity of steel band 102 is two, and intertwine constitutes, through the repacking layer of processing into the cable with two sets of steel band 102 of intertwine, can strengthen the holistic intensity of cable and stretch-proofing performance, protection cable is not because of the mechanical action causes inside injury, and the thickness of steel band 102 is 0.5-1mm, and the steel band 102 of 0.5-1mm thickness can guarantee the holistic intensity of cable, also can not lead to the whole weight of cable too heavy simultaneously to transport and lay more conveniently.
Working principle: the inner cores 1 and the inner insulating layers 2 of the multiple groups of cables are twisted mutually, so that the induction magnetic fields between two adjacent rings are offset mutually, and a better anti-interference effect can be achieved; the outer sides of the inner insulating layers 2 are provided with the non-woven tape layers 3, the non-woven tape layers 3 formed by spirally winding the non-woven tape layers can protect and fix the inner insulating layers 2 and the inner liners 4, a plurality of groups of inner liners 4 are arranged at gaps between the inner insulating layers 2 and the non-woven tape layers 3, the inner liners 4 are coated with inner liner steel wires 5, the inner liners 4 formed by winding and extruding the non-woven fabric can be matched with the multi-strand cable inner core 1 to further ensure the whole roundness of the cable, so that other protective layers can be processed later, and the inner liner steel wires 5 can further enhance the whole tensile resistance of the cable inside; the shielding layer 6 is coated on the outer side of the non-woven tape layer 3, and the shielding layer 6 which is made of the same material as the cable inner core 1 is spirally wound on the outer side of the non-woven tape layer 3, so that the electromagnetic force influence of the cable inner core 1 can be absorbed by the shielding layer 6, the anti-interference and radiation-resistant functions can be further realized on the outer side of the multi-strand cable inner core 1, and the stability of a transmission signal is ensured; the inner sheath 7 is coated on the outer side of the shielding layer 6, the flame-retardant layer 8 is coated on the outer side of the inner sheath 7, the flame-retardant layer 8 made of mica material can further enhance the fireproof, high-temperature-resistant and flame-retardant performances of the whole cable, when the temperature of the cable is too high due to overvoltage or short circuit of the cable inner core 1, the flame-retardant layer 8 made of mica material can play a fireproof and flame-retardant role, and meanwhile, the flame-retardant layer 8 cannot be burnt through or deformed and broken due to high temperature; the outer side of the flame-retardant layer 8 is provided with the outer sheath 9, and the inner insulating layer 2, the inner sheath 7 and the outer sheath 9 are all made of polyvinyl chloride materials, so that the cable has excellent dielectric properties, good insulating properties, flame retardance and flame resistance, and the insulation property, flame retardance and flame resistance of the whole cable can be enhanced; an armor layer 10 is arranged between the flame retardant layer 8 and the outer sheath 9, and the armor layer 10 not only ensures the overall strength and the tensile resistance of the cable, but also can protect the cable from internal injury caused by mechanical action.
Test example: the cable also comprises a sensor array, a data acquisition module, a data analysis module and a fault diagnosis module which are sequentially connected; the detection method comprises the following steps:
step 1, a sensor array is arranged on the surface of a cable or nearby the cable and comprises a current sensor, a voltage sensor and a temperature sensor, wherein the current sensor, the voltage sensor and the temperature sensor are used for measuring current intensity, voltage level and temperature change information of the cable;
step 2, receiving analog signals acquired by the sensor array through the data acquisition module, and converting the analog signals into digital signals, wherein the digital signals comprise an analog-to-digital converter ADC, a filter and an amplifier circuit which are connected, and the analog-to-digital converter ADC, the filter and the amplifier circuit are used for processing and optimizing the acquired signals;
step 3, the data analysis module receives the digital signals transmitted by the data acquisition module, analyzes the cable data by utilizing an improved random forest algorithm and a model, trains and identifies the cable data, and can judge the state of the cable, if yes, whether a fault exists or not and whether the early warning threshold value is reached or not;
the specific process is as follows:
3.1, firstly, preprocessing collected cable data, including data cleaning, denoising and normalization;
3.2, extracting the state and the characteristics of the cable from the preprocessed data, and analyzing the characteristics of the time domain and the frequency domain; the judging capability of the model on the cable state is improved by selecting proper characteristics;
3.3, dividing the preprocessed data set into a training set and a testing set;
3.4, algorithm training:
3.4.1. setting parameters of a random forest, wherein the parameters comprise the number n_identifiers of decision trees and the size max_features of a feature subset;
3.4.2. for each decision tree:
i. sampling from the original dataset with a put-back to form a random sub-dataset;
constructing a decision tree model according to the selected features and feature selection indexes, wherein an improved random forest algorithm introduces a random feature selection mechanism, and randomly selecting a part of features from candidate features to split each time when a node splits;
3.4.3. prediction of random forests:
a. for new data to be predicted:
b. for each decision tree: judging the characteristics along the path of the tree according to the decision tree model, and finally determining the category of the data;
c. counting the prediction results of each category, and determining a final prediction result according to voting principles or probability average and other methods; the main formulas and functions involved in the improved random forest algorithm are as follows:
information entropy E (D):
E(D) = -∑(p_i * log2(p_i))
wherein D represents a data set, and p_i represents the proportion of the ith sample in the data set;
information Gain (D, a):
Gain(D, A) = E(D) - ∑((|D_v|/|D|) * E(D_v))
wherein D represents a data set, A represents a feature to be selected, D_v represents a sample subset corresponding to a certain value of the feature A, D_v represents the number of samples of the D_v, and D represents the number of samples of the data set D;
gini index Gini (D):
Gini(D) = 1 - ∑(p_i^2)
wherein D represents a data set, and p_i represents the proportion of the ith sample in the data set;
improved random forest construction function:
def build_improved_random_forest(data, features, target, n_estimators, max_features):
the def build_improved_random_forest is defined function name; data, an input cable data set containing characteristics and target variables; feature list, describing the attribute and parameter of cable; target, namely a target variable which represents the state or fault type of the cable; n_estimators, number of decision trees in random forest; max_features, the feature quantity randomly selected by each decision tree; returning a value, namely returning the constructed improved random forest model;
the function is used for constructing an improved random forest model, receives an input cable data set and related parameters, constructs a decision tree with a specified number according to the setting of n_estimators and max_features, enhances the performance of the model through a mechanism of random feature selection, and finally returns the constructed improved random forest model, so that the function can be used for predicting new cable data and diagnosing faults;
construction function of decision tree:
def build_decision_tree_with_random_features(data, random_features, target):
the method comprises the steps of constructing a data set of a cable data set, wherein the data set comprises characteristics and target variables, and the data set comprises a cable data set, and the data set comprises the characteristics and the target variables; random_features, a randomly selected feature list, is used for constructing a decision tree; target, namely a target variable which represents the state or fault type of the cable; returning a value, namely returning the constructed decision tree model with random feature selection;
the function is used for constructing a decision tree model with random feature selection, and the decision tree model receives an input cable data set, a randomly selected feature list and a target variable; when the decision tree is constructed, only a randomly selected feature list is considered as a judging condition to increase the diversity and robustness of the decision tree, and the constructed decision tree model can be used for predicting the state or fault type of new cable data through splitting of a data set and judgment of nodes;
the function is called in a random forest algorithm and is used for constructing each decision tree, and only a randomly selected feature list is used as a judging condition when nodes are split each time through a random feature selection mechanism, so that the diversity and the robustness of the decision tree are improved, and the performance and the generalization capability of a random forest model are improved;
prediction function of decision tree:
def predict(data, decision_tree):
the def prediction is to predict according to the constructed decision tree, and the data is cable data to be predicted. decision_tree, a well-built decision tree model. Returning a predicted result to represent the state or fault type of the cable data;
and the function is used for predicting the cable data to be predicted according to the constructed decision tree model. The method comprises the steps of receiving cable data to be predicted and a decision tree model as inputs, judging the data to be predicted along a tree path according to judging conditions of the decision tree model, and finally determining the state or fault type of the data;
the function is called in a random forest algorithm and used for predicting each decision tree, and for the data to be predicted, the function is gradually judged according to the judgment conditions of the decision tree and the value of the characteristics by transmitting the data to be predicted into a constructed decision tree model, so that the prediction result of the data is finally obtained;
the output result of the function can be used for final prediction of a random forest model, for example, the final prediction result is determined by a voting principle or a probability average method;
the training and identifying effects of the cable data can be further improved through the improved random forest algorithm process and related formulas and function deduction, and the accuracy and reliability of the cable detection system are enhanced;
3.5, using a training set to carry out model training on the selected machine learning algorithm, and through inputting characteristics of cable data and corresponding labels (known states), learning relations and modes among the data by the model, and adjusting parameters of the model, so that the model can be better fitted with the characteristics of the cable data;
3.6, evaluating the accuracy and performance of the model;
3.7, optimizing and adjusting the model according to the evaluation result;
and 3.8, the model after training and optimization can be used for actual cable data identification and fault discrimination. The model can predict the state, fault type and the like of the cable by inputting new cable data characteristics;
step 4, the fault diagnosis module further performs fault diagnosis and judgment on the cable, the module can detect the specific fault type and position of the cable by comparing and analyzing the result output by the data analysis module, when an abnormal situation is found, the fault diagnosis module can send an alarm or inform related personnel to perform further processing, and the fault diagnosis module can perform matching and judgment according to a preset fault library or fault model so as to improve the accuracy and efficiency of diagnosis;
step 5, the user interface is an interface provided by the intelligent cable detection system for a user to interact with the system, and data display, report generation and fault processing are provided through the user interface;
current measurement: the current value of the cable is measured and if the current value is abnormally high or below the expected range, a short circuit or open circuit fault is indicated. For example, for a cable rated for 10A, the current should range between 80% and 120% of the rated current during normal operation, i.e. 8A-12A;
impedance measurement: by measuring the impedance value of the cable, if the impedance is abnormally high or below the normal range, it is indicated that a circuit break, an insulation fault or a wire contact failure exists. The impedance should be within a specified range, and the specific values may vary depending on the type of cable, cross-sectional area, length, etc.;
insulation resistance measurement: if the insulation resistance is abnormally lower than the standard value, it may indicate that an insulation fault exists. For industrial cables, insulation resistance should generally meet specific requirements, for example greater than 1 megaohm;
and (3) temperature detection: by measuring the temperature of the cable, if an abnormal rise or overheat occurs, it is indicated that there is cable damage or failure. The operating temperature of the cable should be within a specified range, and the specific values may vary depending on the type of cable, insulation material, and application environment.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (11)
1. The utility model provides a fire-retardant fire-resistant anti-interference radiation resistant control cable, includes stranded cable inner core (1), its characterized in that: the outer wall of the multi-strand cable inner core (1) is coated with an inner insulating layer (2), the outer sides of a plurality of the inner insulating layers (2) are provided with non-woven fabric tape layers (3), a plurality of groups of lining materials (4) are arranged in gaps between the inner insulating layers (2) and the non-woven fabric tape layers (3), and a plurality of groups of lining materials (4) are coated with lining steel wires (5);
the outer side of the non-woven fabric belt layer (3) is coated with a shielding layer (6), and the outer side of the shielding layer (6) is coated with an inner sheath (7);
the outer side of the inner sheath (7) is coated with a flame-retardant layer (8), the outer side of the flame-retardant layer (8) is provided with an outer sheath (9), and an armor layer (10) is arranged between the flame-retardant layer (8) and the outer sheath (9).
2. The flame retardant, fire resistant, anti-interference, radiation resistant control cable of claim 1, wherein: the multi-strand cable inner cores (1) are made of metallic copper, and a plurality of groups of cable inner cores (1) and the inner insulating layer (2) are twisted mutually.
3. The flame retardant, fire resistant, anti-interference, radiation resistant control cable of claim 1, wherein: the non-woven fabric belt layer (3) is formed by spirally winding a non-woven fabric belt.
4. The flame retardant, fire resistant, anti-interference, radiation resistant control cable of claim 1, wherein: the lining (4) is formed by winding and extruding non-woven fabrics.
5. The flame retardant, fire resistant, anti-interference, radiation resistant control cable of claim 1, wherein: the shielding layer (6) is formed by spirally winding a copper foil belt.
6. The flame retardant, fire resistant, anti-interference, radiation resistant control cable of claim 1, wherein: the flame-retardant layer (8) is made of mica materials.
7. The flame retardant, fire resistant, anti-interference, radiation resistant control cable of claim 1, wherein: the inner insulating layer (2), the inner sheath (7) and the outer sheath (9) are all made of polyvinyl chloride materials.
8. The flame retardant, fire resistant, anti-interference, radiation resistant control cable of claim 1, wherein: the armor (10) is wire gauze (101), wire gauze (101) include vertical steel wire (1011), the outside evenly weld of vertical steel wire (1011) has multiunit evenly distributed's first semi-ring steel ring (1012) and second semi-ring steel ring (1013).
9. The flame retardant, fire resistant, anti-interference, radiation resistant control cable of claim 8, wherein: the steel wire mesh (101) and the outer sheath (9) are of an integrated structure, and the outer sheath (9) is coated on the outer periphery of the steel wire mesh (101).
10. The flame retardant, fire resistant, anti-interference, radiation resistant control cable of claim 1, wherein: the armor (10) is a steel belt (102), and the number of the steel belts (102) is two and the steel belts are mutually wound.
11. The method for detecting the flame-retardant, fire-resistant, anti-interference and radiation-resistant control cable according to claim 1, comprising the following steps:
step 1, a sensor array is arranged on the surface of a cable or nearby the cable and comprises a current sensor, a voltage sensor and a temperature sensor, wherein the current sensor, the voltage sensor and the temperature sensor are used for measuring current intensity, voltage level and temperature change information of the cable;
step 2, receiving analog signals acquired by the sensor array through the data acquisition module, and converting the analog signals into digital signals, wherein the digital signals comprise an analog-to-digital converter ADC, a filter and an amplifier circuit which are connected, and the analog-to-digital converter ADC, the filter and the amplifier circuit are used for processing and optimizing the acquired signals;
step 3, the data analysis module receives the digital signals transmitted by the data acquisition module, analyzes the cable data by utilizing an improved random forest algorithm and a model, trains and identifies the cable data, and can judge the state of the cable, if yes, whether a fault exists or not and whether the early warning threshold value is reached or not; the specific process is as follows:
3.1, firstly, preprocessing collected cable data, including data cleaning, denoising and normalization;
3.2, extracting the state and the characteristics of the cable from the preprocessed data, and analyzing the characteristics of the time domain and the frequency domain; the judging capability of the model on the cable state is improved by selecting proper characteristics;
3.3, dividing the preprocessed data set into a training set and a testing set;
3.4, algorithm training:
3.4.1. setting parameters of a random forest, wherein the parameters comprise the number n_identifiers of decision trees and the size max_features of a feature subset;
3.4.2. for each decision tree:
i. sampling from the original dataset with a put-back to form a random sub-dataset;
constructing a decision tree model according to the selected features and feature selection indexes, wherein an improved random forest algorithm introduces a random feature selection mechanism, and randomly selecting a part of features from candidate features to split each time when a node splits;
3.4.3. prediction of random forests:
a. for new data to be predicted:
b. for each decision tree: judging the characteristics along the path of the tree according to the decision tree model, and finally determining the category of the data;
c. counting the prediction results of each category, and determining a final prediction result according to a voting principle or a probability averaging method; the improved random forest algorithm involves the following formulas and functions:
information entropy E (D):
E(D) = -∑(p_i * log2(p_i))
wherein D represents a data set, and p_i represents the proportion of the ith sample in the data set;
information Gain (D, a):
Gain(D, A) = E(D) - ∑((|D_v|/|D|) * E(D_v))
wherein A represents a feature to be selected, D_v represents a sample subset corresponding to a certain value of the feature A, and E (D_v) is the information entropy under D_v; d_v represents the number of samples of d_v, D represents the number of samples of data set D;
gini index Gini (D):
Gini(D) = 1 - ∑(p_i^2)
improved random forest construction function: defbuild_improved_range_feature (data, features, target, n_detectors, max_features):
the def build_improved_random_forest is defined function name; data, an input cable data set containing characteristics and target variables; feature list, describing the attribute and parameter of cable; target, namely a target variable which represents the state or fault type of the cable; n_estimators, number of decision trees in random forest; max_features, the feature quantity randomly selected by each decision tree; returning a value, namely returning the constructed improved random forest model; the function is used for constructing an improved random forest model, receives an input cable data set and related parameters, constructs a decision tree with a specified number according to the setting of n_estimators and max_features, enhances the performance of the model through a mechanism of random feature selection, and finally returns the constructed improved random forest model, so that the function can be used for predicting new cable data and diagnosing faults;
construction function of decision tree: defbuild_decision_tree_with_range_features (data):
the method comprises the steps of constructing a decision tree with random feature selection, wherein the def build_decision_tree_with_random_features is a recursive function for constructing the decision tree with random feature selection, and the random_features is a randomly selected feature list for constructing the decision tree; target, namely a target variable which represents the state or fault type of the cable; returning a value, namely returning the constructed decision tree model with random feature selection; the function is used for constructing a decision tree model with random feature selection, and the decision tree model receives an input cable data set, a randomly selected feature list and a target variable; when the decision tree is constructed, only a randomly selected feature list is considered as a judging condition to increase the diversity and robustness of the decision tree, and the constructed decision tree model can be used for predicting the state or fault type of new cable data through splitting of a data set and judgment of nodes; the function is called in a random forest algorithm and is used for constructing each decision tree, and only a randomly selected feature list is used as a judging condition when nodes are split each time through a random feature selection mechanism, so that the diversity and the robustness of the decision tree are improved;
prediction function of decision tree: def_prediction (data_tree):
the def prediction is to predict according to a constructed decision tree, wherein data is cable data to be predicted, a decision_tree is constructed, and a return value is returned, namely a prediction result is returned, and the state or the fault type of the cable data is represented; the function is used for predicting cable data to be predicted according to the constructed decision tree model, receives the cable data to be predicted and the decision tree model as inputs, judges the cable data to be predicted along a path of the tree according to judging conditions of the decision tree model, and finally determines the state or fault type of the data; the function is called in a random forest algorithm and used for predicting each decision tree, and for the data to be predicted, the function is gradually judged according to the judgment conditions of the decision tree and the value of the characteristics by transmitting the data to be predicted into a constructed decision tree model, so that the prediction result of the data is finally obtained; the output result of the function can be used for final prediction of a random forest model, and the final prediction result is determined by a voting principle or probability average method;
3.5, performing model training on the selected machine learning algorithm by using a training set, and learning the relation and mode among the data by inputting the characteristics of the cable data and the corresponding labels and adjusting the parameters of the model so as to enable the model to better fit the characteristics of the cable data;
3.6, evaluating the accuracy and performance of the model;
3.7, optimizing and adjusting the model according to the evaluation result;
3.8, the model after training and optimization can be used for actual cable data identification and fault discrimination;
the model can predict the state and fault type of the cable by inputting new cable data characteristics;
step 4, the fault diagnosis module further performs fault diagnosis and judgment on the cable, the module can detect the specific fault type and position of the cable by comparing and analyzing the result output by the data analysis module, when an abnormal situation is found, the fault diagnosis module can send an alarm or inform related personnel to perform further processing, and the fault diagnosis module can perform matching and judgment according to a preset fault library or fault model so as to improve the accuracy and efficiency of diagnosis;
current measurement: measuring the current value of the cable, and if the current value is abnormally high or lower than an expected range, indicating that a short circuit or open circuit fault exists;
impedance measurement: by measuring the impedance value of the cable, if the impedance is abnormally high or lower than the normal range, indicating that a circuit break, an insulation fault or poor contact of a wire exists;
insulation resistance measurement: if the insulation resistance is abnormally lower than the standard value, indicating that an insulation fault exists;
and (3) temperature detection: by measuring the temperature of the cable, if abnormal rising or overheating occurs, the cable damage or fault is indicated;
and 5, providing a user interface for a user to interact with the system by the intelligent cable detection system, and providing data display, report generation and fault processing through the user interface.
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