CN116859346A - Ultra-wideband differential pulse source for ground penetrating radar - Google Patents

Ultra-wideband differential pulse source for ground penetrating radar Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116859346A
CN116859346A CN202310904205.1A CN202310904205A CN116859346A CN 116859346 A CN116859346 A CN 116859346A CN 202310904205 A CN202310904205 A CN 202310904205A CN 116859346 A CN116859346 A CN 116859346A
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China
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triode
differential pulse
module
power supply
bjt
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CN202310904205.1A
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Inventor
徐晗
王晓东
陈子申
马添翅
时炜
程丹仪
魏欣
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Arsc Underground Space Technology Development Co ltd
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Arsc Underground Space Technology Development Co ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/28Details of pulse systems
    • G01S7/282Transmitters
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A90/00Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
    • Y02A90/30Assessment of water resources

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses an ultra-wideband differential pulse source for a ground penetrating radar, which relates to the field of ground penetrating radars, and comprises the following components: the device comprises a power supply port, a direct current power supply module, a trigger signal input port, a positive polarity pulse output port, a negative polarity pulse output port and a differential pulse generation module; a differential pulse generation module comprising: a plurality of triode modules; triode module includes: the BJT triode, the energy storage capacitor, the regulating capacitor and the first current limiting resistor; the collector electrode of the BJT triode is connected with the energy storage capacitor; the adjusting capacitor is connected with the energy storage capacitor in parallel; the emitter of the BJT triode is grounded through a first current limiting resistor; the power supply port is connected with the collector electrode of the BJT triode through the direct current power supply module; the trigger signal input port is connected with the two pulse output ports through the differential pulse generating module. The invention can generate bipolar differential pulse signals with larger amplitude and narrower pulse width.

Description

Ultra-wideband differential pulse source for ground penetrating radar
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of ground penetrating radars, in particular to an ultra-wideband differential pulse source for a ground penetrating radar.
Background
The detection depth and the detection resolution are two key technical indexes of the ground penetrating radar, and the ultra-wideband narrow pulse technology is one of key technologies in a ground penetrating radar system of an impact pulse system, wherein the pulse width and the amplitude of the ultra-wideband narrow pulse influence the detection depth and the detection precision of the ground penetrating radar, and is very important for designing the high-performance ground penetrating radar. The higher the detection accuracy that the ground penetrating radar needs to achieve, the higher the frequency of the required pulse signal, the narrower the pulse generated by the corresponding pulse source, and the wider the frequency band of the pulse signal. Meanwhile, the larger the amplitude of the pulse generated by the pulse source is, the deeper the detection depth is, the clearer the echo signal received by the receiver is, and the easier the processing is.
In addition, the unipolar Marx pulse circuit acquires positive pulses in an output stage in a mode of connecting an inductor in parallel with a load, the symmetry of the positive pulses acquired by the method is poor, the pulse trailing is serious, and the waveform is not ideal. Compared with the inductive differential bipolar output, the bipolar differential output has good symmetry of output waveforms, and the peak-to-peak value of the output waveforms is larger, so that the antenna can better transmit pulse signals, and echo signals received by the receiver are better processed.
Therefore, to improve the detection depth and detection accuracy of the ground penetrating radar and improve the working performance of the ground penetrating radar, it is necessary to generate bipolar differential pulse signals with larger amplitude and narrower pulse width. At present, how to design a pulse source capable of generating a bipolar differential pulse signal with larger amplitude and narrower pulse width is a problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above, the embodiment of the invention provides an ultra-wideband differential pulse source for a ground penetrating radar, so as to generate a bipolar differential pulse signal with larger amplitude and narrower pulse width.
In order to achieve the above object, the embodiment of the present invention provides the following solutions:
an ultra-wideband differential pulse source for a ground penetrating radar, comprising: the device comprises a power supply port, a direct current power supply module, a trigger signal input port, a positive polarity pulse output port, a negative polarity pulse output port and a differential pulse generation module;
the differential pulse generation module comprises: a plurality of triode modules; the triode module comprises: the BJT triode, the energy storage capacitor, the regulating capacitor and the first current limiting resistor; the collector electrode of the BJT triode is connected with the energy storage capacitor; the adjusting capacitor is connected with the energy storage capacitor in parallel; the emitter of the BJT triode is grounded through the first current limiting resistor;
the multiple triode modules are sequentially connected, and in two adjacent triode modules, the collector electrode of one BJT triode is connected with the base electrode and the emitter electrode of the other BJT triode through the energy storage capacitor; the base electrode of the first BJT triode is used as the input end of the differential pulse generation module, the emitter electrode of the first BJT triode is used as the first output end of the differential pulse generation module, and the collector electrode of the last BJT triode is used as the second output end of the differential pulse generation module;
the power supply port is connected with the collector electrode of the BJT triode in the triode module through the direct current power supply module; the trigger signal input port is connected with the input end of the differential pulse generation module; the first output end of the differential pulse generation module is connected with the positive polarity pulse output port; and the second output end of the differential pulse generation module is connected with the negative polarity pulse output port.
Optionally, the dc power module includes: the boost power supply module and the filtering module are connected in sequence; the input end of the boost power supply module is connected with the power supply port; the filtering module is connected with the collector electrode of the BJT triode in the triode module;
the boosting power supply module is used for boosting the voltage signal provided by the power supply port to obtain a boosted signal; the filtering module is used for filtering the boost signal.
Optionally, the ultra-wideband differential pulse source for a ground penetrating radar further comprises: an output terminal resistor;
one end of the output end resistor is connected with the collector electrode of the last BJT triode in the differential pulse generation module and the negative polarity pulse output port, and the other end of the output end resistor is grounded.
Optionally, the triode module further includes: a second current limiting resistor;
the direct current power supply module is connected with the collector electrode of the BJT triode in the triode module through the second current limiting resistor.
Optionally, the filtering module includes: three filter capacitors connected in parallel.
Optionally, the ultra-wideband differential pulse source for a ground penetrating radar further comprises: an RC differential circuit;
the trigger signal input port is connected with the input end of the differential pulse generation module through the RC differential circuit.
Optionally, the capacitance values of the energy storage capacitor and the regulating capacitor are 20pF; the resistance value of the second current limiting resistor is 51Ω;
the resistance value of the first current-limiting resistor in the first triode module in the differential pulse generation module is 51 omega, and the resistance values of the first current-limiting resistors in the other triode modules are 10k omega.
Optionally, the capacitance value of the filter capacitor is 100nF.
Optionally, the power supply port is V CC And a power supply terminal.
Optionally, the trigger signal input port is a TTL signal terminal.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects:
the differential pulse generation module of the embodiment of the invention comprises: a plurality of triode modules; triode module includes: the BJT triode, the energy storage capacitor, the regulating capacitor and the first current limiting resistor; the collector electrode of the BJT triode is connected with the energy storage capacitor; the adjusting capacitor is connected with the energy storage capacitor in parallel; the emitter of the BJT triode is grounded through the first current limiting resistor, and the first current limiting resistor is added to the emitter of the BJT triode and the capacitors are regulated in parallel at two sides of the energy storage capacitor, so that compared with a traditional Marx circuit, the design circuit has more ideal waveform, larger adjustable pulse amplitude, lower cost and narrower adjustable pulse width, and therefore, the embodiment of the invention can generate bipolar differential pulse signals with larger amplitude and narrower pulse width.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of an ultra-wideband differential pulse source for a ground penetrating radar according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a structural layout diagram of an ultra-wideband differential pulse source for a ground penetrating radar according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a charging equivalent circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a discharge equivalent circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an output waveform of a TTL signal provided by an embodiment of the present invention after passing through a differentiating circuit;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of output waveforms of two differential signal output signal terminals according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description.
Referring to fig. 1, an ultra-wideband differential pulse source for a ground penetrating radar of the present embodiment includes: the power supply port CN1, the direct current power supply module, the trigger signal input port RF1, the positive polarity pulse output port RF3, the negative polarity pulse output port RF2 and the differential pulse generating module.
The differential pulse generation module comprises: a plurality of triode modules; the triode module comprises: the BJT triode, the energy storage capacitor, the regulating capacitor and the first current limiting resistor; the collector electrode of the BJT triode is connected with the energy storage capacitor; the adjusting capacitor is connected with the energy storage capacitor in parallel; and the emitter of the BJT triode is grounded through the first current limiting resistor. The BJT transistor is an avalanche transistor.
The multiple triode modules are sequentially connected, and in two adjacent triode modules, the collector electrode of one BJT triode is connected with the base electrode and the emitter electrode of the other BJT triode through the energy storage capacitor; the base electrode of the first BJT triode is used as the input end of the differential pulse generation module, the emitter electrode of the first BJT triode is used as the first output end of the differential pulse generation module, and the collector electrode of the last BJT triode is used as the second output end of the differential pulse generation module.
The power supply port CN1 is connected with the collector electrode of the BJT triode in the triode module through the direct current power supply module; the trigger signal input port RF1 is connected with the input end of the differential pulse generation module; the first output end of the differential pulse generation module is connected with the positive polarity pulse output port RF 3; a second output end of the differential pulse generating module is connected with the negative polarity pulse output port RF 2.
In one example, the dc power module includes: the boost power supply module U1 and the filtering module are connected in sequence; the input end of the boost power supply module U1 is connected with the power supply port CN1; the filtering module is connected with the collector electrode of the BJT triode in the triode module.
The boost power supply module U1 is configured to boost a voltage signal provided by the power supply port CN1 to obtain a boosted signal; the filtering module is used for filtering the boost signal.
In one example, the ultra-wideband differential pulse source for a ground penetrating radar further comprises: and an output terminal resistor R12.
One end of the output end resistor R12 is connected with the collector electrode of the last BJT triode in the differential pulse generation module and the negative polarity pulse output port RF2, and the other end of the output end resistor R12 is grounded.
In one example, the triode module further comprises: a second current limiting resistor; the direct current power supply module is connected with the collector electrode of the BJT triode in the triode module through the second current limiting resistor.
In one example, the filtering module includes: the three parallel filter capacitors are respectively a first filter capacitor C1, a second filter capacitor C2 and a third filter capacitor C3. In practical application, the capacitance of the three filter capacitors can be 100nF.
In one example, the ultra-wideband differential pulse source for a ground penetrating radar further comprises: an RC differential circuit; the trigger signal input port RF1 is connected with the input end of the differential pulse generation module through the RC differential circuit.
The RC differential circuit includes: a resistor R6 and a capacitor C9; one end of the capacitor C9 is connected with the trigger signal input port RF1, the other end of the capacitor C9 is connected with the input end of the differential pulse generation module, one end of the resistor R6 is connected with the other end of the capacitor C9, and the other end of the resistor R6 is grounded.
In one example, the capacitance values of the storage capacitor and the regulating capacitor are both 20pF; the resistance value of the second current limiting resistor is 51Ω.
If the differential pulse generating module comprises a triode module, the resistance value of the first current limiting resistor in the triode module is 10k omega.
If the differential pulse generating module comprises a plurality of triode modules, the resistance value of the first current limiting resistor in the first triode module is 51Ω, and the resistance values of the first current limiting resistors in the other triode modules are 10kΩ.
In one example, the power supply port CN1 is V CC A power supply terminal; the trigger signal input port RF1 is a TTL signal terminal.
The implementation principle of the ultra-wideband differential pulse source will be further described with reference to fig. 1 by taking an example that the differential pulse generating module includes five triode modules.
In order to further increase the amplitude of a pulse signal generated by a pulse source, an ultra-wideband differential pulse source for a ground penetrating radar is designed by adding a resistor to the emitter of a BJT avalanche triode in a primary Marx circuit, adjusting capacitors in parallel on two sides of an energy storage capacitor of each stage of Marx circuit and the like, and adjusting the capacitance value and the resistance value of a differential circuit, so that the designed circuit has more ideal waveforms, larger adjustable pulse amplitude, lower cost and narrower adjustable pulse width compared with the original circuit, and a circuit schematic diagram is shown in figure 1.
The ultra-wideband differential pulse source circuit for the ground penetrating radar mainly comprises a power supply port (VCC power supply terminal is adopted), a direct current power supply module (comprising a boosting power supply module U1 and a filtering module), a trigger signal input port RF2 (TTL signal terminal is adopted), two paths of differential signal output terminals (comprising a positive polarity pulse output port RF3 and a negative polarity pulse output port RF 2), current limiting resistors (comprising first current limiting resistors R7-R11 and second current limiting resistors R1-R5), BJT triodes, energy storage capacitors C4-C8, an output end resistor R12 and an RC differential circuit.
Referring to fig. 1, a direct current power supply is connected to a VCC power supply terminal, the output of the VCC power supply terminal is connected to a direct current power supply module, the direct current power supply module increases the input voltage and then is connected to the left sides of energy storage capacitors C4 to C8 and collectors of five BJT triodes Q1 to Q5 through filter capacitors C1 to C3, and when a TTL trigger signal does not arrive, the five energy storage capacitors C4 to C8 are charged through first current limiting resistors R7 to R11, second current limiting resistors R1 to R5, and an output end resistor R12.
The external TTL trigger signal is connected with a TTL signal terminal, and the TTL trigger signal is differentiated by a differentiating circuit formed by R6 and C9 and then acts on the base electrode of the BJT triode Q1. The emitter of the BJT triode is grounded after being connected with a 10k omega resistor except for Q1, and the emitter of the Q1 is grounded after being connected with a 51 k omega resistor.
Five capacitors C10-C14 connected in parallel with the energy storage capacitors C4-C8 are adjusting capacitors, and the capacitors are used for adjusting the capacitance value of the energy storage capacitor of the Marx circuit of the stage through the capacitance parallel equivalent principle. These tuning capacitances may not be connected. Equivalent capacitance C after arrival of trigger signal eq Positive and negative pulses are generated by series discharge, equivalent capacitance C eq Representing the parallel equivalent capacitance of the storage capacitor and the regulating capacitor.
Of the two differential signal output signal terminals, RF2 outputs a negative pulse and RF3 outputs a positive pulse, and care should be taken not to connect the two.
Based on the schematic circuit diagram shown in fig. 1, the implementation principle of the ultra-wideband differential pulse source for the ground penetrating radar is as follows:
when TTL signal does not arrive, the voltage at the two ends of collector and base of BJT triode is reversed biased, and voltage V between collector and emitter is simultaneously CE Avalanche breakdown voltage V of critical BJT transistor CEO The BJT triode is cut off, and the five energy storage capacitors are used for charging and storing energy.
When the TTL signal arrives: in the positive half period (i.e. half period of 5V TTL signal voltage), the RC differential circuit outputs a positive pulse, which acts on the base of the BJT triode to reduce the reverse bias voltage at the collector and both ends of the base of the BJT triode, reduce the electric field in the space charge region, reduce the energy obtained by the carriers in the barrier region, and reverse breakdown current I CBO A reduction; in 0 half period (i.e. half period of TTL signal voltage 0), RC differential circuit outputs a negative pulse, which acts on base electrode of BJT triode to increase reverse bias voltage at collector and both ends of base electrode of BJT triode, increase electric field in space charge region, increase energy obtained by carrier in potential barrier region, and reverse breakdown current I CBO Increase to make BJT transistor enter negative resistance region, reverse breakdown voltage V of collector-emitter CEO Becomes smaller, thereby resulting in a voltage V across the collector-emitter CE Greater than its reverse breakdownVoltage V CEO Avalanche breakdown is initiated. The collector and the emitter of the BJT transistor are equivalent to short circuit after avalanche breakdown, a charging equivalent loop and a discharging equivalent loop are shown in fig. 3 and 4, and the output waveform of a TTL signal after passing through a differential circuit and the output waveform of two differential signal output signal terminals are shown in fig. 5 and 6.
After avalanche breakdown of the BJT transistor, a path is formed between the collector and the emitter, and five storage capacitors are discharged through a loop Req-Q1-C4-Q2-C5-Q3-C6-Q4-C7-Q5-C8-R12 (R is used here eq The equivalent resistance of R6 and R7 in parallel), the discharge current rises rapidly and then drops gradually. The discharge current acts on R eq And R12, a positive pulse and a negative pulse are output through RF3 and RF2, respectively. The impedance of R7 and R12 can be adjusted to match the antenna impedance and to adjust the amplitude of the output pulse.
In fig. 6, the upper side is positive pulse, the lower side is negative pulse, compared with the previous unipolar pulse source, the pulse signal generated by the ultra-wideband differential pulse source has excellent symmetry and large waveform peak-to-peak value, and compared with other bipolar pulse sources, the ultra-wideband differential pulse source combines two paths of pulse signal generating circuits into one path, so that the circuit design is simpler, the occupied area is smaller, and the cost is reduced by half.
The ultra-wideband differential pulse source for the ground penetrating radar of all the embodiments has the advantages that:
the ultra-wideband differential pulse source is characterized in that a first current limiting resistor is added to an emitter of a BJT triode, and adjusting capacitors are connected in parallel to two sides of an energy storage capacitor. The capacitance value of the energy storage capacitor can be changed by adding the adjusting capacitors at the two sides of the energy storage capacitor, so that the discharging speed of the capacitor is changed, and further, the adjustable pulse width with narrower width is obtained; meanwhile, the impedance value of the discharge loop can be changed by adjusting the resistance value of the first current limiting resistor, and larger adjustable pulse amplitude is obtained, so that compared with a traditional Marx circuit, the ultra-wideband differential pulse source has more ideal waveform, larger adjustable pulse amplitude, lower cost and narrower adjustable pulse width, and a bipolar differential pulse signal with larger amplitude and narrower pulse width is generated.
In addition, after the primary BJT triode is added with the first current limiting resistor, when the BJT triode is broken down, the current flows through the first current limiting resistor to generate voltage drop so as to generate a positive pulse, and meanwhile, a symmetrical circuit is not required to be added to generate the positive pulse, so that the use of devices is reduced, and the cost is reduced.
In the present specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment is mainly described in a different point from other embodiments, and identical and similar parts between the embodiments are all enough to refer to each other.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein with reference to specific examples, the above examples being provided only to assist in understanding the structure of the present invention and its core ideas; also, it is within the scope of the present invention to be modified by those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the present teachings. In view of the foregoing, this description should not be construed as limiting the invention.

Claims (10)

1. An ultra-wideband differential pulse source for a ground penetrating radar, comprising: the device comprises a power supply port, a direct current power supply module, a trigger signal input port, a positive polarity pulse output port, a negative polarity pulse output port and a differential pulse generation module;
the differential pulse generation module comprises: a plurality of triode modules; the triode module comprises: the BJT triode, the energy storage capacitor, the regulating capacitor and the first current limiting resistor; the collector electrode of the BJT triode is connected with the energy storage capacitor; the adjusting capacitor is connected with the energy storage capacitor in parallel; the emitter of the BJT triode is grounded through the first current limiting resistor;
the multiple triode modules are sequentially connected, and in two adjacent triode modules, the collector electrode of one BJT triode is connected with the base electrode and the emitter electrode of the other BJT triode through the energy storage capacitor; the base electrode of the first BJT triode is used as the input end of the differential pulse generation module, the emitter electrode of the first BJT triode is used as the first output end of the differential pulse generation module, and the collector electrode of the last BJT triode is used as the second output end of the differential pulse generation module;
the power supply port is connected with the collector electrode of the BJT triode in the triode module through the direct current power supply module; the trigger signal input port is connected with the input end of the differential pulse generation module; the first output end of the differential pulse generation module is connected with the positive polarity pulse output port; and the second output end of the differential pulse generation module is connected with the negative polarity pulse output port.
2. The ultra-wideband differential pulse source for a ground penetrating radar of claim 1, wherein the dc power module comprises: the boost power supply module and the filtering module are connected in sequence; the input end of the boost power supply module is connected with the power supply port; the filtering module is connected with the collector electrode of the BJT triode in the triode module;
the boosting power supply module is used for boosting the voltage signal provided by the power supply port to obtain a boosted signal; the filtering module is used for filtering the boost signal.
3. The ultra-wideband differential pulse source for a ground penetrating radar of claim 1, further comprising: an output terminal resistor;
one end of the output end resistor is connected with the collector electrode of the last BJT triode in the differential pulse generation module and the negative polarity pulse output port, and the other end of the output end resistor is grounded.
4. The ultra-wideband differential pulse source for a ground penetrating radar of claim 1, wherein the triode module further comprises: a second current limiting resistor;
the direct current power supply module is connected with the collector electrode of the BJT triode in the triode module through the second current limiting resistor.
5. The ultra-wideband differential pulse source for a ground penetrating radar of claim 2, wherein the filtering module comprises: three filter capacitors connected in parallel.
6. The ultra-wideband differential pulse source for a ground penetrating radar of claim 1, further comprising: an RC differential circuit;
the trigger signal input port is connected with the input end of the differential pulse generation module through the RC differential circuit.
7. The ultra-wideband differential pulse source for a ground penetrating radar of claim 4, wherein the capacitance of said energy storage capacitor and said adjustment capacitor are each 20pF; the resistance value of the second current limiting resistor is 51Ω;
the resistance value of the first current-limiting resistor in the first triode module in the differential pulse generation module is 51 omega, and the resistance values of the first current-limiting resistors in the other triode modules are 10k omega.
8. The ultra-wideband differential pulse source for a ground penetrating radar of claim 5, wherein the capacitance of the filter capacitor is 100nF.
9. The ultra-wideband differential pulse source for ground penetrating radar of claim 1, wherein said power port is V CC And a power supply terminal.
10. The ultra-wideband differential pulse source for a ground penetrating radar of claim 1, wherein the trigger signal input port is a TTL signal terminal.
CN202310904205.1A 2023-07-21 2023-07-21 Ultra-wideband differential pulse source for ground penetrating radar Pending CN116859346A (en)

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