CN116851643B - Lost wax casting method of blade - Google Patents
Lost wax casting method of blade Download PDFInfo
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- CN116851643B CN116851643B CN202311126454.9A CN202311126454A CN116851643B CN 116851643 B CN116851643 B CN 116851643B CN 202311126454 A CN202311126454 A CN 202311126454A CN 116851643 B CN116851643 B CN 116851643B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000005495 investment casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 99
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000009849 vacuum degassing Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003110 molding sand Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006255 coating slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- OIGNJSKKLXVSLS-VWUMJDOOSA-N prednisolone Chemical compound O=C1C=C[C@]2(C)[C@H]3[C@@H](O)C[C@](C)([C@@](CC4)(O)C(=O)CO)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 OIGNJSKKLXVSLS-VWUMJDOOSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000861 blow drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
- B22C9/04—Use of lost patterns
- B22C9/046—Use of patterns which are eliminated by the liquid metal in the mould
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C7/00—Patterns; Manufacture thereof so far as not provided for in other classes
- B22C7/02—Lost patterns
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of lost wax casting, in particular to a lost wax casting method of a blade, which comprises the following steps of: firstly, determining a printing mode of a 3D printer for printing a paddle model according to a comparison result of the structural complexity of the paddle and the preset structural complexity to print the paddle model, secondly, selecting a gypsum model or a sand mould for modeling according to the printing mode of the 3D printer for printing the paddle, and then pouring molten iron melted at high temperature into the gypsum model or the sand mould for natural cooling and then taking out a manufactured paddle casting; finally, whether the casting process is adjusted is determined according to the comparison result of the surface roughness of the cast blade and the preset surface roughness, and the invention solves the problem of poor casting quality and low efficiency of the blade in the prior art.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lost-wax casting, in particular to a lost-wax casting method of a blade.
Background
The lost wax casting method, also called as a casting method, is a technology for manufacturing a shell by using an investment pattern, and is used for manufacturing a precision casting through a series of processes of sintering, dewaxing, pouring, cleaning and the like. For example, for blades of complex shape, it is necessary to make a fine plaster model or sand mould, which is time-consuming and inefficient. In addition, due to the fact that the shape and the structure of the blade are complex, defects such as bubbles and shrinkage cavities are easy to occur in the casting process, quality and performance of castings are affected, in recent years, new possibility is brought to the manufacturing of the blade by the development of 3D printing technology, the 3D printing technology can rapidly manufacture entities with complex shapes according to a digital model, and high production efficiency and manufacturing accuracy are achieved. However, how to adjust the 3D printing parameters and the casting process according to factors such as the complexity and the surface roughness of the paddle in the lost wax casting process of the paddle so as to improve the casting quality and the production efficiency is still a problem to be solved.
Chinese patent publication No.: CN112642991a discloses a propeller blade production process based on precision casting, comprising: (1) Dehydrating the wax material, placing the dehydrated wax material into a heat-preserving barrel, standing for a plurality of hours, and pouring the wax material after standing into a wax cylinder; (2) The wax cylinder and the wax mould are arranged on a wax film injection molding machine, a wax injection nozzle of the positive pressure injection molding machine and a wax injection port of the mould are injected, and then the wax mould is pressed; (3) The die head mould is arranged on a wax film injection molding machine, a wax injection nozzle of the positive pressure injection molding machine and a wax injection port of the mould are injected, and then the die head is pressed; (4) Taking out the pressed wax pattern, standing for a plurality of hours, detecting the size of the wax pattern, trimming the qualified wax pattern, removing the residual edge of the wax pattern, bursting bubbles on the wax pattern, and repairing the concave parts on the wax pattern; (5) Taking out the pressed die head, checking and removing unqualified products, heating the die head by using a soldering iron, and welding the die head on a welding bead of the wax die; (6) Immersing the welded module into a cleaning solution for cleaning, and blow-drying by an air gun; (7) Slowly immersing the cleaned module into coating slurry for rotation to form a complete and uniform coating on the module, extending the module with the coating into a sand spraying machine for overturning to uniformly coat a layer of sand on the surface of the module, immersing the module with the sand into silica sol for 1-2 seconds, taking out the module and immersing the module into the coating slurry, placing the module with the slurry into a floating sand barrel for sand coating, and drying the module for at least 14 hours after sand coating; (8) Feeding the dried shell into a dewaxing steam kettle for dewaxing, and checking and repairing the dewaxed shell; (9) Placing the dewaxed shell into a roasting furnace for roasting, and checking whether the shell has cracks or not after roasting; (10) Pouring molten metal into the mould shell from the mould head, and casting the propeller blade after cooling.
It follows that the prior art has the following problems: because the shape and the structure of the blade are complex, defects such as bubbles, shrinkage cavities and the like are easy to occur in the casting process, the quality and the performance of castings are influenced, and the blade casting quality is poor and the efficiency is low.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention provides a lost wax casting method of a blade, which is used for solving the problems of poor casting quality and low efficiency of the blade in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a lost wax casting method of a blade, comprising:
step S1, printing a paddle model: determining a printing mode of the 3D printer for printing the paddle model according to the structural complexity of the paddle so as to print the paddle model;
step S2, modeling: when the 3D printer is determined to print the paddle in a first printing mode, placing the printed solid paddle model in the prepared gypsum slurry for standing and solidification, placing the gypsum model after standing and solidification in a sintering furnace to melt and flow out the solid paddle model, and when the 3D printer is determined to print the paddle in a second printing mode, embedding the printed empty paddle model in molding sand for compaction to prepare a sand mold;
step S3, lost wax casting: pouring high-temperature molten iron into the gypsum model or the sand mould, naturally cooling, and taking out the prepared blade casting;
step S4, adjusting: when the blade casting is completed, determining whether to adjust the casting process according to the comparison result of the surface roughness of the cast blade and the preset surface roughness;
when the casting process is regulated, determining a regulating coefficient of air pressure during vacuum degassing treatment corresponding to the first printing mode or determining a regulating coefficient of nozzle diameter of the 3D printer corresponding to the second printing mode;
when the paddle model is printed, determining a plurality of printing modes of the 3D printer for printing the paddle model according to the comparison result of the structural complexity of the paddle and the preset structural complexity, wherein the printing modes comprise a first printing mode for printing the paddle model into a solid paddle model and a second printing mode for printing the paddle model into a blank paddle model;
when printing the paddle model, calculating the structural complexity of the paddle by the following formula, and setting:
；
wherein F is the structural complexity of the blade, alpha is the lift angle of the blade, L is the chord length of the blade airfoil, and C is the maximum thickness of the airfoil in the direction of the chord length normal of the blade airfoil.
Further, when the printing mode of the printing paddle of the 3D printer is determined to be a first printing mode, determining a plurality of proportions of gypsum powder and water according to a comparison result of the first relative difference and a first preset relative difference, and mixing and stirring the gypsum powder and the water to prepare gypsum slurry, wherein the plurality of proportions comprise a first proportion determined when the first relative difference is smaller than or equal to the first preset relative difference and a second proportion determined when the first relative difference is larger than the first preset relative difference;
the first relative difference is determined by the structural complexity of the blade and a preset structural complexity.
Further, when the ratio of the gypsum powder to the water is determined to be completed and the gypsum slurry is prepared, whether vacuum degassing treatment is performed on the gypsum slurry by using a vacuum pump is determined according to the comparison result of the air bubble content in the gypsum slurry and the preset air bubble content.
Further, when the vacuum degassing treatment is determined to be performed on the gypsum slurry by adopting a vacuum pump, determining a plurality of air pressures for the vacuum degassing treatment according to a comparison result of a second relative difference and a second preset relative difference, wherein the plurality of air pressures comprise a first air pressure determined when the second relative difference is smaller than or equal to the second preset relative difference and a second air pressure determined when the second relative difference is larger than the second preset relative difference;
the second relative difference is determined by the air bubble content in the gypsum slurry and a predetermined air bubble content.
Further, when the printing mode of the printing paddle of the 3D printer is determined to be the second printing mode, a plurality of nozzle diameters of the 3D printer are determined according to the comparison result of the maximum thickness of the airfoil in the chord length normal direction of the paddle airfoil and the preset airfoil maximum thickness, wherein the plurality of nozzle diameters comprise a first nozzle diameter determined when the airfoil maximum thickness is smaller than or equal to the preset airfoil maximum thickness and a second nozzle diameter determined when the airfoil maximum thickness is larger than the preset airfoil maximum thickness.
Further, when the blade casting is completed, whether to adjust the casting process is determined according to the comparison result of the surface roughness of the cast blade and the preset surface roughness.
Further, when the casting process is determined to be adjusted, an adjusting mode for adjusting the casting process is determined according to the printing mode of the printing paddle model of the 3D printer;
when the printing mode of the printing paddle model of the 3D printer is the first printing mode, determining to adjust the air pressure of the vacuum degassing treatment;
when the printing mode of the printing paddle model of the 3D printer is the second printing mode, the diameter of the spray head of the 3D printer is determined to be adjusted.
Further, when the air pressure of the vacuum degassing treatment is determined to be adjusted, the air pressure of the vacuum degassing treatment is adjusted according to an adjustment coefficient, when the nozzle diameter of the 3D printer is determined to be adjusted, a plurality of adjustment coefficients for adjusting the nozzle diameter of the 3D printer are determined according to the comparison result of a third relative difference and a third preset relative difference, wherein the plurality of adjustment coefficients comprise a first adjustment coefficient determined when the third relative difference is smaller than or equal to the third preset relative difference and a second adjustment coefficient determined when the third relative difference is larger than the third preset relative difference;
the third relative difference is determined by the surface roughness and a preset surface roughness.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the beneficial effects that the method ensures that the printed blade model can accurately reflect the shape and structure of the blade by comparing the structural complexity of the blade with the preset structural complexity to select a proper printing mode according to the actual complexity of the blade, and ensures the quality and reliability of the cast blade.
Further, the invention determines the proportion of the gypsum powder to the water according to the first relative difference between the structural complexity of the blade and the preset structural complexity and the comparison result of the first relative difference with the preset structural complexity, is beneficial to ensuring the applicability of the gypsum slurry, is beneficial to improving the strength of the gypsum model when the structural complexity of the blade is lower, and is beneficial to contacting each detail part of the blade model when the structural complexity of the blade is higher, thereby improving the quality of the gypsum model.
Further, the invention effectively reduces the bubble content in the gypsum slurry by carrying out vacuum degassing treatment on the gypsum slurry, thereby reducing bubbles and defects in the gypsum model, improving the quality and strength of the gypsum model, and improving the quality of blade casting.
Further, the air pressure of the vacuum degassing treatment is determined according to the second relative difference between the air bubble content in the gypsum slurry and the preset air bubble content and the comparison result of the air bubble content and the second preset relative difference, so that the effect of the vacuum degassing treatment is guaranteed, the air bubble is effectively eliminated by using lower air pressure for treatment when the air bubble content is lower, and the unnecessary damage to the gypsum slurry is avoided by using higher air pressure for treatment when the air bubble content is higher.
Further, the invention determines the nozzle diameter of the 3D printer according to the maximum thickness of the wing profile in the direction of the chord length normal of the blade wing profile and the preset maximum thickness of the wing profile, which is beneficial to ensuring the 3D printing quality.
Further, according to the method, whether the casting process is adjusted is determined according to the comparison result of the surface roughness of the cast blade and the preset surface roughness, so that the casting quality is guaranteed, when the surface roughness of the blade reaches the preset requirement, the casting process is not required to be adjusted, and when the surface roughness exceeds the preset requirement, the casting process is adjusted, and the casting quality is improved.
Furthermore, the method and the device determine the adjustment mode for adjusting the casting process according to the printing mode of the printing paddle model of the 3D printer so as to pointedly optimize the casting problem caused by different printing modes, so that the problem in the casting process is effectively solved, and the casting quality is improved.
Further, according to the invention, the third relative difference between the surface roughness of the cast blade and the preset surface roughness is calculated, and the adjusting coefficient for adjusting the nozzle diameter of the 3D printer is determined according to the comparison result so as to purposefully adjust the nozzle diameter, thereby improving the 3D printing quality and further improving the blade casting quality accurately.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a lost wax casting method based on a blade according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order that the objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent, the invention will be further described with reference to the following examples; it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are merely for explaining the technical principles of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, a flow chart of a lost wax casting method based on a blade according to an embodiment of the invention is shown.
The lost wax casting method based on the blade comprises the following steps:
step S1, printing a paddle model: determining a printing mode of the 3D printer for printing the paddle model according to a comparison result of the structural complexity F of the paddle and the preset structural complexity F0 so as to print the paddle model;
step S2, modeling: when the 3D printer is determined to print the paddle in a first printing mode, placing the printed solid paddle model in the prepared gypsum slurry for standing and solidification, placing the gypsum model after standing and solidification in a sintering furnace to melt and flow out the solid paddle model, and when the 3D printer is determined to print the paddle in a second printing mode, embedding the printed empty paddle model in molding sand for compaction to prepare a sand mold;
step S3, lost wax casting: pouring high-temperature molten iron into the gypsum model or the sand mould, naturally cooling, and taking out the prepared blade casting;
step S4, adjusting: when the blade casting is completed, determining whether to adjust the casting process according to the comparison result of the surface roughness P of the cast blade and the preset surface roughness P0.
In the embodiment of the invention, the material of the 3D printer printing paddle model is EPS foam plastic.
Specifically, when the paddle model is printed, determining a printing mode of the 3D printer for printing the paddle model according to a comparison result of the structural complexity F of the paddle and the preset structural complexity F0;
when F is less than or equal to F0, determining that the printing mode of the printing paddle of the 3D printer is a first printing mode;
and when F is more than F0, determining that the printing mode of the printing paddle of the 3D printer is a second printing mode.
The first printing mode is to print the paddle model into a solid paddle model, and the second printing mode is to print the paddle model into a blank paddle model.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the preset structural complexity F0 is obtained when the lift angle of the blade is 10 ° and the chord length ratio of the maximum thickness of the blade airfoil in the chord length normal direction to the blade airfoil is 0.1, and the preset structural complexity F0 can be adjusted according to specific conditions by a person skilled in the art.
Specifically, the method and the device ensure that the printed blade model can accurately reflect the shape and the structure of the blade by comparing the structural complexity of the blade with the preset structural complexity to select a proper printing mode according to the actual complexity of the blade, and ensure the quality and the reliability of the cast blade.
Specifically, when printing a paddle model, the structural complexity F of the paddle is calculated by the following formula, set:
；
alpha is expressed as the lift angle of the blade, L is the chord length of the blade airfoil, and C is the airfoil maximum thickness in the direction normal to the chord length of the blade airfoil.
Specifically, when the printing mode of the 3D printer printing paddle is determined to be the first printing mode, calculating a first relative difference Δf between the structural complexity F of the paddle and the preset structural complexity F0, and setting: Δf= (F0-F)/F0; determining the proportion of gypsum powder to water according to the comparison result of the first relative difference delta F and the first preset relative difference delta F0, and mixing and stirring to obtain gypsum slurry;
when the delta F is less than or equal to delta F0, determining the proportion of gypsum powder to water in the gypsum slurry as a first proportion;
when ΔF > - ΔF0, then the ratio of gypsum powder to water in the gypsum slurry is determined to be a second ratio.
Wherein the first ratio is 1:3 and the second ratio is 1:4.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the value of the first preset relative difference Δf0 is 0.02, where the first preset relative difference Δf0 is obtained when the structural complexity F of the blade is 0.98, and a person skilled in the art can adjust the first preset relative difference Δf0 according to specific situations.
Specifically, the invention determines the proportion of gypsum powder to water according to the first relative difference between the structural complexity of the blade and the preset structural complexity and the comparison result of the first relative difference, which is beneficial to ensuring the applicability of gypsum slurry, and when the structural complexity of the blade is lower, the thicker gypsum slurry is beneficial to improving the strength of the gypsum model, and when the structural complexity of the blade is higher, the thinner gypsum slurry is beneficial to contacting each detail part of the blade model, thereby improving the quality of the gypsum model.
Specifically, when the proportion of the gypsum powder to the water is determined to be finished and gypsum slurry is prepared, determining whether vacuum degassing treatment is carried out on the gypsum slurry by adopting a vacuum pump according to the comparison result of the bubble content Q in the gypsum slurry and the preset bubble content Q0;
when Q is less than or equal to Q0, determining that the gypsum slurry is not subjected to vacuum degassing treatment;
when Q > Q0, then the vacuum degassing of the gypsum slurry is determined.
In the embodiment of the invention, the bubble content is detected by an ultrasonic bubble detector, the preset bubble content Q0 has a value of 5%, and a person skilled in the art can adjust the preset bubble content Q0 according to specific conditions.
Specifically, the invention effectively reduces the bubble content in the gypsum slurry by carrying out vacuum degassing treatment on the gypsum slurry, thereby reducing bubbles and defects in the gypsum model, improving the quality and strength of the gypsum model, and improving the quality of blade casting.
Specifically, when it is determined that the vacuum degassing treatment is performed on the gypsum slurry using a vacuum pump, a second relative difference Δq between the bubble content Q in the gypsum slurry and the preset bubble content Q0 is calculated, and the following is set: Δq= (Q-Q0)/Q0; determining the air pressure Ti of the vacuum degassing treatment according to the comparison result of the second relative difference DeltaQ and a second preset relative difference DeltaQ 0;
when the delta Q is less than or equal to delta Q0, determining the air pressure of the vacuum degassing treatment as a first air pressure T1;
when DeltaQ > DeltaQ0, the air pressure of the vacuum degassing treatment is determined as the second air pressure T2.
Wherein the first air pressure T1 takes a value of 10mmHg, and the second air pressure T2 takes a value of 100mmHg.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the value of the second preset relative difference Δq0 is 0.6, and the second preset relative difference Δq0 is obtained when the air bubble content Q is 8%, so that a person skilled in the art can adjust the second preset relative difference Δq0 according to specific situations.
Specifically, the air pressure of the vacuum degassing treatment is determined according to the second relative difference between the air bubble content in the gypsum slurry and the preset air bubble content and the comparison result of the air bubble content and the second preset relative difference, so that the effect of the vacuum degassing treatment is guaranteed, the air bubble is effectively eliminated by using lower air pressure when the air bubble content is lower, and the gypsum slurry is prevented from being unnecessarily damaged by using higher air pressure when the air bubble content is higher.
Specifically, when the printing mode of the printing paddle of the 3D printer is determined to be the second printing mode, determining the nozzle diameter Di of the 3D printer according to the comparison result of the maximum thickness C of the airfoil in the chord length normal direction of the paddle airfoil and the preset maximum thickness C0 of the airfoil;
when C is less than or equal to C0, determining the diameter of the spray head of the 3D printer as a first spray head diameter D1;
when C > C0, then the head diameter of the 3D printer is determined to be the second head diameter D2.
The diameter D1 of the first spray head is 0.4mm, and the diameter D2 of the second spray head is 0.5mm.
In the embodiment of the invention, the preset maximum thickness C0 of the airfoil is 3mm, and a person skilled in the art can adjust the preset maximum thickness C0 of the airfoil according to specific conditions.
Specifically, the invention determines the nozzle diameter of the 3D printer according to the maximum thickness of the wing profile in the direction of the chord length normal of the blade wing profile and the preset maximum thickness of the wing profile, which is beneficial to ensuring the 3D printing quality.
Specifically, when the blade casting is completed, determining whether to adjust the casting process according to the comparison result of the surface roughness P of the cast blade and the preset surface roughness P0;
when P is less than or equal to P0, determining that the casting process is not regulated;
when P > P0, then adjustments to the casting process are determined.
In the embodiment of the invention, the surface roughness P of the cast blade is measured by a roughness detector, the preset surface roughness P0 has a value of 10 micrometers, and a person skilled in the art can adjust the preset surface roughness P0 according to specific conditions.
Specifically, whether the casting process is adjusted is determined according to the comparison result of the surface roughness of the cast blade and the preset surface roughness, so that the casting quality is guaranteed, when the surface roughness of the blade reaches the preset requirement, the casting process is not required to be adjusted, and when the surface roughness exceeds the preset requirement, the casting process is adjusted, and the casting quality is improved.
Specifically, when the casting process is determined to be adjusted, an adjustment mode for adjusting the casting process is determined according to the printing mode of the printing paddle model of the 3D printer;
when the printing mode of the printing paddle model of the 3D printer is the first printing mode, determining to adjust the air pressure of the vacuum degassing treatment;
when the printing mode of the printing paddle model of the 3D printer is the second printing mode, the diameter of the spray head of the 3D printer is determined to be adjusted.
Specifically, the method determines the adjustment mode for adjusting the casting process according to the printing mode of the printing paddle model of the 3D printer so as to purposefully optimize the casting problem caused by different printing modes, so that the problem in the casting process is effectively solved, and the casting quality is improved.
Specifically, when it is determined to adjust the air pressure of the vacuum degassing, an adjustment coefficient k for adjusting the air pressure of the vacuum degassing is calculated according to the following formula, and is set:；
wherein P represents the surface roughness.
The adjusted air pressure of the vacuum degassing treatment was set to tt=ti×k, i=1, 2.
Specifically, the invention calculates the adjusting coefficient k for adjusting the air pressure of the vacuum degassing treatment so as to adjust the air pressure of the vacuum degassing treatment according to actual conditions, thereby ensuring the effect of the vacuum degassing treatment, being beneficial to eliminating air bubbles in gypsum slurry and improving the quality and strength of a gypsum model.
Specifically, when it is determined to adjust the head diameter of the 3D printer, a third relative difference Δp between the surface roughness P of the cast paddle and the preset surface roughness P0 is calculated, and the following is set: Δp= (P-P0)/P0; determining an adjusting coefficient je for adjusting the nozzle diameter Di of the 3D printer according to the comparison result of the third relative difference DeltaP and the third preset relative difference DeltaP 0;
when delta P is less than or equal to delta P0, determining to adjust the nozzle diameter of the 3D printer by a first adjustment coefficient j 1;
when ΔP > ΔP0, then it is determined to adjust the head diameter of the 3D printer by a second adjustment factor j 2.
Wherein the first adjustment coefficientThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Said second adjustment factor->The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Δp represents the third relative difference.
Setting the adjusted nozzle diameter of the 3D printer to dd1=d1× je; dd2=d2× je, e=1, 2.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the third preset relative difference Δp0 has a value of 0.5, and the third preset relative difference Δp0 is obtained when the surface roughness P is 15 microns, and a person skilled in the art can adjust the third preset relative difference Δp0 according to specific situations.
Specifically, the method and the device calculate the third relative difference between the surface roughness of the cast blade and the preset surface roughness, and determine the adjusting coefficient for adjusting the nozzle diameter of the 3D printer according to the comparison result so as to purposefully adjust the nozzle diameter, thereby improving the 3D printing quality and further improving the blade casting quality accurately.
Thus far, the technical solution of the present invention has been described in connection with the preferred embodiments shown in the drawings, but it is easily understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to these specific embodiments. Equivalent modifications and substitutions for related technical features may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the present invention, and such modifications and substitutions will be within the scope of the present invention.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention; various modifications and variations of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A lost wax casting method for a blade, comprising:
step S1, printing a paddle model: determining a printing mode of the 3D printer for printing the paddle model according to the structural complexity of the paddle so as to print the paddle model;
step S2, modeling: when the 3D printer is determined to print the paddle in a first printing mode, placing the printed solid paddle model in the prepared gypsum slurry for standing and solidification, placing the gypsum model after standing and solidification in a sintering furnace to melt and flow out the solid paddle model, and when the 3D printer is determined to print the paddle in a second printing mode, embedding the printed empty paddle model in molding sand for compaction to prepare a sand mold;
step S3, lost wax casting: pouring high-temperature molten iron into the gypsum model or the sand mould, naturally cooling, and taking out the prepared blade casting;
step S4, adjusting: when the blade casting is completed, determining whether to adjust the casting process according to the comparison result of the surface roughness of the cast blade and the preset surface roughness;
when the casting process is regulated, determining a regulating coefficient of air pressure during vacuum degassing treatment corresponding to the first printing mode or determining a regulating coefficient of nozzle diameter of the 3D printer corresponding to the second printing mode;
when the paddle model is printed, determining a plurality of printing modes of the 3D printer for printing the paddle model according to the comparison result of the structural complexity of the paddle and the preset structural complexity, wherein the printing modes comprise a first printing mode for printing the paddle model into a solid paddle model and a second printing mode for printing the paddle model into a blank paddle model;
when printing the paddle model, calculating the structural complexity of the paddle by the following formula, and setting:
；
wherein F is the structural complexity of the blade, alpha is the lift angle of the blade, L is the chord length of the blade airfoil, and C is the maximum thickness of the airfoil in the direction of the chord length normal of the blade airfoil.
2. The lost wax casting method of the blade according to claim 1, wherein when the printing mode of the blade printed by the 3D printer is determined to be a first printing mode, a plurality of proportions of gypsum powder and water are determined according to a comparison result of a first relative difference and a first preset relative difference, and gypsum slurry is prepared by mixing and stirring the gypsum powder and the water, wherein the plurality of proportions comprise a first proportion determined when the first relative difference is smaller than or equal to the first preset relative difference and a second proportion determined when the first relative difference is larger than the first preset relative difference;
the first relative difference is determined by the structural complexity of the blade and a preset structural complexity.
3. The lost wax casting method of a blade according to claim 2, wherein when determining that the ratio of the gypsum powder to the water is completed and a gypsum slurry is prepared, it is determined whether or not to vacuum degas the gypsum slurry by a vacuum pump according to a comparison result of the air bubble content in the gypsum slurry with a preset air bubble content.
4. A lost wax casting method for a blade according to claim 3, wherein when it is determined that the gypsum slurry is subjected to vacuum degassing treatment by a vacuum pump, a plurality of air pressures for the vacuum degassing treatment are determined based on a comparison result of a second relative difference with a second preset relative difference, the plurality of air pressures including a first air pressure determined when the second relative difference is equal to or less than the second preset relative difference and a second air pressure determined when the second relative difference is greater than the second preset relative difference;
the second relative difference is determined by the air bubble content in the gypsum slurry and a predetermined air bubble content.
5. The lost wax casting method of the paddle according to claim 4, wherein when the printing mode of the paddle is determined to be the second printing mode, a plurality of nozzle diameters of the 3D printer are determined according to a comparison result of the maximum thickness of the airfoil in the chord length normal direction of the paddle airfoil and the maximum thickness of the preset airfoil, and the plurality of nozzle diameters comprise a first nozzle diameter determined when the maximum thickness of the airfoil is smaller than or equal to the maximum thickness of the preset airfoil and a second nozzle diameter determined when the maximum thickness of the airfoil is larger than the maximum thickness of the preset airfoil.
6. The lost wax casting method of a blade according to claim 5, wherein when the blade casting is completed, it is determined whether to adjust the casting process according to a comparison result of the surface roughness of the cast blade with a preset surface roughness.
7. The lost wax casting method of the paddle according to claim 6, wherein when the adjustment of the casting process is determined, the adjustment mode for adjusting the casting process is determined according to the printing mode of the 3D printer printing paddle model;
when the printing mode of the printing paddle model of the 3D printer is the first printing mode, determining to adjust the air pressure of the vacuum degassing treatment;
when the printing mode of the printing paddle model of the 3D printer is the second printing mode, the diameter of the spray head of the 3D printer is determined to be adjusted.
8. The lost wax casting method of a blade according to claim 7, wherein when it is determined that the air pressure of the vacuum degassing process is adjusted, the air pressure of the vacuum degassing process is adjusted according to an adjustment coefficient, when it is determined that the nozzle diameter of the 3D printer is adjusted, a plurality of adjustment coefficients for adjusting the nozzle diameter of the 3D printer are determined according to a comparison result of a third relative difference and a third preset relative difference, the plurality of adjustment coefficients including a first adjustment coefficient determined when the third relative difference is less than or equal to the third preset relative difference and a second adjustment coefficient determined when the third relative difference is greater than the third preset relative difference;
the third relative difference is determined by the surface roughness and a preset surface roughness.
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| CN102248125A (en) * | 2011-06-25 | 2011-11-23 | 深圳技师学院 | Simplified process method of lost wax casting |
| CN105436410A (en) * | 2015-12-25 | 2016-03-30 | 西安奥邦科技有限责任公司 | Plaster mold for titanium alloy casting |
| CN106541081A (en) * | 2015-09-18 | 2017-03-29 | 深圳市星光达珠宝首饰实业有限公司 | A kind of platinum jewelry manufacture method based on 3D printing technique |
| CN111889623A (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2020-11-06 | 东南大学 | Method for preparing nondestructive testing metal sample with controllable roughness and internal defects |
| CN112207233A (en) * | 2020-09-24 | 2021-01-12 | 苏州恒利莱模具有限公司 | Mold manufacturing process based on 3D printing technology |
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- 2023-09-04 CN CN202311126454.9A patent/CN116851643B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102248125A (en) * | 2011-06-25 | 2011-11-23 | 深圳技师学院 | Simplified process method of lost wax casting |
| CN106541081A (en) * | 2015-09-18 | 2017-03-29 | 深圳市星光达珠宝首饰实业有限公司 | A kind of platinum jewelry manufacture method based on 3D printing technique |
| CN105436410A (en) * | 2015-12-25 | 2016-03-30 | 西安奥邦科技有限责任公司 | Plaster mold for titanium alloy casting |
| CN111889623A (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2020-11-06 | 东南大学 | Method for preparing nondestructive testing metal sample with controllable roughness and internal defects |
| CN112207233A (en) * | 2020-09-24 | 2021-01-12 | 苏州恒利莱模具有限公司 | Mold manufacturing process based on 3D printing technology |
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