CN116849649A - Blood oxygen parameter measuring device based on 2X2 optical fiber coupler - Google Patents
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
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Abstract
The invention provides a blood oxygen parameter measuring device based on a 2x2 optical fiber coupler. The method is characterized in that: the device consists of two groups of semiconductor light sources (LEDs or LDs) and driving circuits thereof, two high-sensitivity photoelectric detectors (APDs) and photoelectric conversion amplifying circuits thereof, a 2x2 optical fiber coupler, a multi-core optical fiber fan-in fan-out device, a control module, a data acquisition module and a computer. The computer can operate the control module and the data acquisition module through instructions, so that the control of the light emission signal and the backward reflection receiving detection signal is realized, and the signals acquired by the data acquisition module are analyzed and calculated. The invention can measure the blood oxygen saturation (SaO) 2 ) Is compatible with Swan-Ganzoxide catheter of Edwards and CeVOX catheter of Getinge, and can be used for mixing venous oxygen saturation (SvO) 2 ) And central venous oxygen saturation in central venous vessels (ScvO 2 ) Is provided).
Description
Field of the art
The invention relates to a blood oxygen parameter measuring device based on a 2x2 optical fiber coupler, which can be used for measuring the blood oxygen saturation of a conventional interventional operation and can be used for measuring the special pulmonary artery mixed venous blood oxygen saturation and the central venous oxygen saturation in a central venous blood vessel. Belongs to the technical field of medical instrument measurement.
(II) background art
The essential basis for human life is oxygen, which has a vital role in metabolism and functional activity of the human body. Hypoxia has a great impact on the body and even in severe hypoxic conditions is a direct threat to human life, so that medical real-time monitoring of arterial oxygen concentrations is important both during patient surgery and in clinical care.
Blood is used as a carrier for oxygen transport in humans, and consists of plasma (about 55%) and blood cells (45%), one of the most important parameters describing the health of human blood is the total oxygen content in blood. Hemoglobin is a special protein in the blood that transports oxygen within the red blood cells, so hemoglobin (Hb) is typically measured as part of the whole blood count in a blood sample. Hemoglobin obtains oxygen through the lungs called oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO) 2 ) Then, oxygen is transported from the lung to other surrounding tissues of the body, the oxygen is exchanged into carbon dioxide and combined with the carbon dioxide, and the carbon dioxide is brought back to the lung for oxygen exchange; hemoglobin thus plays a critical role in oxygen exchange.
From a medical point of view, hemoglobin is an important parameter, and according to the feik algorithm, measurement of total oxygen content in blood is made possible by measurement of hemoglobin.
In the instrument for monitoring human blood oxygen, the interventional blood oxygen saturation measurement is mainly applied to heart and lung operation, and Swan-Ganz auxiliary catheter is used for inserting pulmonary artery to monitor the blood oxygen saturation of mixed veins (SvO) 2 ) The detection system is usually implemented by embedding two optical fibers, and because the two optical fibers occupy a large space, the detection system needs to be further integrated so as to save a very narrow catheter space.
In order to solve the problem of low integration level of the original catheter optical fiber path, the measurement accuracy of blood oxygen saturation is further improved, and the accuracy of clinical diagnosis is improved. The multi-core optical fiber blood oxygen parameter measuring device based on the 2x2 optical fiber coupler provided by the invention can be used for the blood oxygen saturation parameter (SaO) of a patient during a conventional interventional operation 2 ) Is also compatible with the Swan-Ganz oxygen catheter of Edwards and the CeVOX catheter of Getinge, for mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO) in pulmonary artery vessels, respectively 2 ) And central venous oxygen saturation in central venous vessels (ScvO 2 ) Is provided).
(III) summary of the invention
The invention aims to provide a blood oxygen parameter measuring device based on a 2x2 optical fiber coupler.
The purpose of the invention is realized in the following way:
an oxygen parameter measuring device based on 2x2 optical fiber coupler, characterized by: the device consists of two groups of semiconductor light sources (LEDs or LDs) and driving circuits thereof, two high-sensitivity photoelectric detectors (APDs) and photoelectric conversion amplifying circuits thereof, a 2x2 optical fiber coupler, a multi-core optical fiber fan-in fan-out device, a control module, a data acquisition module and a computer. The computer can operate the control module and the data acquisition module through instructions, so that the control of the light emission signal and the backward reflection receiving detection signal is realized, and the signals acquired by the data acquisition module are analyzed and calculated. The invention can measure the blood oxygen saturation (SO 2), can also be compatible with a Swan-Ganz oxygen catheter of Edwards and a CeVOX catheter of Getinge, and is respectively used for mixing venous blood oxygen saturation (SvO) in pulmonary artery blood vessels 2 ) And central venous oxygen saturation in central venous vessels (ScvO 2 ) Is provided).
An oxygen parameter measuring device based on 2x2 optical fiber coupler, characterized by: the wavelengths of the two groups of semiconductor light sources 1 are respectively red light (660 nm) in the sensitive range of hemoglobin (Hb) variation; oxyhemoglobin (HbO) 2 ) An infrared light source (910 nm) of a more sensitive range of variation;
a multi-core optical fiber blood oxygen parameter measuring device based on a 2x2 optical fiber coupler is characterized in that: the light source driving circuit 2 has a current adjusting function, and can change the luminous intensity of the semiconductor light source 1 (LED or LD) by adjusting the current;
an oxygen parameter measuring device based on 2x2 optical fiber coupler, characterized by: the detection range of the high-sensitivity photoelectric detector 3 (APD) and the photoelectric conversion amplifying circuit 4 thereof should be matched with the current regulation range of the light source driving circuit 2 according to claim 3;
an oxygen parameter measuring device based on 2x2 optical fiber coupler, characterized by: the 2x2 optical fiber coupler 5 has the function that after the red light (660 nm) and the infrared light (910 nm) emitted by two groups of semiconductor light sources 1 (LEDs or LDs) are split according to the proportion of 1:1, one end of the split light is connected with the multi-core optical fiber fan-in fan-out device 6 for testing, and the other end of the split light is connected with the high-sensitivity photoelectric detector 3 (APD) for realizing the self-monitoring of the power of the light sources;
an oxygen parameter measuring device based on 2x2 optical fiber coupler, characterized by: the multi-core optical fiber fan-in fan-out device 6 plays a role of integrating optical paths, one end of the multi-core optical fiber fan-in fan-out device is used for receiving the semiconductor light source 1, the other end of the multi-core optical fiber fan-out device is used for receiving the backward reflection light source, and the multi-core optical fiber fan-in fan-out device is matched with the multi-core optical fiber 7 to finish blood oxygen measurement;
an oxygen parameter measuring device based on 2x2 optical fiber coupler, characterized by: the multi-core optical fiber 7 is a double-core optical fiber, and in order to avoid interference of backward scattering noise of a light source in the detection optical fiber on detection signals, the emergent fiber core of the light source is separated from the detection fiber core, so that the influence of the optical fiber is effectively restrained;
blood is mainly composed of 55% plasma and 45% blood cells; 55% of the blood plasma is 90% of water, and contains small amount of protein, saccharide, fat, potassium, calcium, sodium, magnesium, etc.; among 45% of the blood cells are erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets, wherein leukocytes are about one thousandth of erythrocytes and platelets are between one hundredth and one thousandth of erythrocytes. Therefore, 99% of the blood cells can be considered to be red blood cells. The red blood cells transport oxygen because hemoglobin (Hb) therein combines with oxygen obtained from the lungs to form oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO) 2 ) Oxygen is then transported from the lungs to other surrounding tissues of the body and exchanged to carbon dioxide, which is then carried back to the lungs for oxygen exchange.
Therefore, hemoglobin (Hb) is typically measured as part of the whole blood count in a blood sample. Most living cells rely on oxidative metabolic processes to produce the energy required to maintain their various functions. This means that a sufficient amount of oxygen must be provided to meet the requirements of these cells, with oxygen being in two forms in the blood. Of which about 98% bind reversibly to the hemoglobin molecules contained in the erythrocytes, while the remainder is solubilized in the plasma and erythrocytes.
Blood oxygen saturation (SaO) 2 ) Is oxyhemoglobin (HbO) bound by oxygen in blood 2 ) The volume of (c) is a percentage of the volume of total conjugated hemoglobin (Hb), i.e. the concentration of blood oxygen in the blood, which is an important physiological parameter of the respiratory cycle. And the functional oxygen saturation is HbO 2 Concentration and HbO 2 The ratio of +Hb concentration is different from the percentage of oxyhemoglobin. Thus, arterial blood oxygen saturation (SaO) 2 ) The oxygenation and hemoglobin oxygen carrying capacity of the lung can be estimated. The blood oxygen saturation of normal human arterial blood is 98% and venous blood is 75%.
Bel-Lambert's law describes the variation of the intensity of light passing through a homogeneous medium containing an absorbing material, where I (lambda) 0 And I (lambda) is the incident and transmitted light, epsilon (lambda) is the extinction coefficient of the absorbing species at a particular wavelength, D is the concentration of the absorbing species, and L is the optical path length along the medium.
I(λ)＝I(λ) 0 e -ε(λ)DL (1)
The beer-lambert law also holds if more than one absorbing species is present. Each absorbing species contributes a portion of the total absorbance. The total absorbance of the medium with n absorbing substances is then:
thus, if the absorbance of light is measured at n different wavelengths and the extinction coefficients of these species are known, the beer-lambert law can determine the concentration of n different species.
It is assumed that the light sources (light emitting diodes LEDs or semiconductor lasers LD) produce different output light intensities. Therefore, in order to compare the absorption of substances at several different wavelengths, it is necessary to perform normalization. Assuming that the path lengths of all light waves through the light absorbing material are the same (i.e., li=d), it can be defined as:
then, there are:
X(λ)＝ε 1 (λ)D 1 +ε 2 (λ)D 2 +…+ε n (λ)D n (4)
as can be seen from the formula (4), if the extinction coefficient ε of each material is i Is known, the concentration D of the substance to be measured i It can be solved by the above equation, in other words, if the concentration of n substances in the liquid is required, measurement by light of n wavelengths is required, and then simultaneous equation (4) can be solved.
The measurement principle of the oximetry is based on the different absorbance characteristics and the variation of the light intensity of hemoglobin and oxygenated hemoglobin to give a measurement result. In the blood oxygen saturation measurement, the blood oxygen saturation is defined as:
thus, according to equation (4), the following simultaneous equations can be obtained by using only two different wavelengths
Solving the simultaneous equations to obtain
Then, from the formula (5)
Thus, when blood-related parameter measurements are made, for example, blood oxygen saturation (SaO) 2 ) Mixed blood oxygen saturation of pulmonary artery (SvO 2 ) In measurement, we mainly consider the spectral absorption of two species components: hemoglobin (Hb) and oxyhemoglobin (HbO) 2 ) Measurement of blood-related parameters is achieved by measurement of these two substances.
The invention has the remarkable beneficial effects that:
(1) High integration and excellent operation flexibility: the invention adopts the combination of a plurality of optical fiber devices to improve the integration level of the system, uses the multi-core optical fiber as the probe of the blood oxygen measuring system, uses a single optical fiber to replace the original two optical fibers, greatly reduces the volume of the optical core device, has the flexibility which the original plurality of optical fibers do not have, and is more suitable for monitoring the interventional blood oxygen saturation parameters in living tissues.
(2) Can measure various blood parameters: the invention not only can measure the mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO) 2 ) And central venous oxygen saturation in central venous vessels (ScvO 2 ) And can be used for blood oxygen saturation (SaO) of routine interventional operation 2 ) Through the same optical fiber probe, various blood oxygen parameters in blood can be measured simultaneously;
(3) Has the function of being compatible with various medical catheters: the invention can realize the measurement of the mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO) in the cardiopulmonary operation compatible with the Swan-Ganz oxidation catheter of Edwards and the CeVOX catheter of Getinge 2 ) And central venous oxygen saturation in central venous vessels (ScvO 2 )；
(4) In order to increase the reliability of measurement, the invention reduces the error caused by light source fluctuation through monitoring the light source in the test process, and simultaneously, in order to avoid the interference of the backward scattering noise of the light source in the optical fiber probe on the detection signal, the emergent fiber core of the light source is separated from the detection fiber core through the multi-core optical fiber, thereby effectively inhibiting the influence caused by the optical fiber.
(IV) description of the drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a blood oxygen parameter measurement device based on a 2x2 fiber optic coupler. In the figure, 1 is two groups of semiconductor light sources (LEDs or LDs), 2 is a driving circuit of the light sources, 3 is a high-sensitivity photoelectric detector (APD), 4 is a photoelectric conversion amplifying circuit, 5 is a 2x2 optical fiber coupler, 6 is a multi-core optical fiber fan-in fan-out device, 7 is a section of double-core optical fiber, 8 is a control module, 9 is a data acquisition module, and 10 is a computer.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a two-core fiber end face.
FIG. 3 shows hemoglobin (Hb) and oxyhemoglobin (HbO) in blood 2 ) Absorption coefficient curve graph in the light source wavelength range (600 nm-1000 nm).
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the output voltage of the control module 8 and the output current of the light source driving circuit 2 in the system.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a blood oxygen parameter measurement device based on a 2x2 fiber coupler. In the figure, 1 is two groups of semiconductor light sources (LEDs or LDs), 2 is a driving circuit of the light sources, 3 is a high-sensitivity photoelectric detector (APD), 4 is a photoelectric conversion amplifying circuit, 5 is a 2x2 optical fiber coupler, 6 is a multi-core optical fiber fan-in fan-out device, 7 is a section of four-core optical fiber, 8 is a control module, 9 is a data acquisition module, and 10 is a computer.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a four-core fiber end face.
Fig. 7 shows that when the multi-core fiber 7 in the system adopts a four-core fiber, the multi-core fiber fanout device 6 is a corresponding four-core fiber fanout device, and the input light source adopts a coupling beam splitter 12, so that a path of light is uniformly distributed to three side cores of the four-core fiber, and the backward reflected light signal can be received by the middle core 13.
(fifth) detailed description of the invention
The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to an example of a blood oxygen parameter measuring apparatus based on a 2x2 fiber coupler shown in fig. 1.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a blood oxygen parameter measurement device based on a 2x2 fiber optic coupler. In the figure, 1 is two groups of semiconductor light sources (LEDs or LDs), and the present invention employs two typical light source wavelengths: red light (660 nm) in the hemoglobin (Hb) variation sensitive range; oxyhemoglobin (HbO) 2 ) Range of sensitivity to changesIs a source of infrared light (910 nm). By adding two typical light sources with different wavelengths, a plurality of parameters of a measurement model can be obtained through light emission and signal receiving of the light source; 2 is a driving circuit of the light source, has a current adjustable function, and can change the luminous intensity of the semiconductor light source 1 (LED or LD) by adjusting the current; 3 is a high-sensitivity photoelectric detector (APD), which is connected with a fan-out channel of the multi-core fiber fan-in fan-out device and receives a received light signal reflected from a detection end; and 4 is a photoelectric conversion amplifying circuit, and the detection range is matched with the current regulation range of the light source driving circuit 2. The optical fiber coupler is 5, red light (660 nm) and infrared light (910 nm) emitted by two groups of semiconductor light sources 1 (LEDs or LDs) are split according to the proportion of 1:1, one end of the split light is connected with the multi-core optical fiber fan-in fan-out device 6 for testing, the other end of the split light is connected with the high-sensitivity photoelectric detector 3 (APD) for realizing self monitoring of light source power, the multi-core optical fiber fan-in fan-out device (here, a double-core optical fiber fan-in fan-out device or a four-core optical fiber fan-in fan-out device) is 6, the multi-core optical fiber is 7, the multi-core optical fiber (here, a double-core optical fiber or a four-core optical fiber) is 8, the data acquisition module is 9, and the computer is 10 for operating the control module 8 so as to realize control of light emission signals and backward reflection receiving detection signals and realize analysis and calculation of signals acquired by the data acquisition module 9.
The invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with specific examples.
[ example 1 ]: a double-core optical fiber blood oxygen parameter measuring device based on a 2x2 optical fiber coupler.
The device is shown in fig. 1, wherein a driving circuit 2 of the light source controls the light source 1 to emit light according to the instruction of a control module 8, and the light source 1 is connected with one channel of the double-core optical fiber fan-in fan-out device through a 2x2 optical fiber coupler 5.
In this embodiment, in the apparatus shown in fig. 1, 3 is a high-sensitivity photodetector (APD), which is connected to another channel of the fan-in fan-out device for dual-core optical fiber, and receives the received optical signal reflected from the detection end; 4 is a photoelectric conversion amplifying circuit, which converts and amplifies the received optical signal and sends the optical signal to a data acquisition module 9; the computer 10 can analyze the signals acquired by the data acquisition module 9, and then control the control module 8 according to the result to change the luminous intensity of the light source 1 so as to achieve a better test effect.
In the embodiment, in the device shown in fig. 1, a 2x2 optical fiber coupler 5 splits red light (660 nm) and infrared light (910 nm) emitted by two groups of semiconductor light sources 1 (LEDs or LDs) according to a ratio of 1:1, and then one end of the split red light and infrared light is connected with a dual-core optical fiber fan-in fan-out device 6 for testing, and the other end of the split red light and infrared light is connected with a high-sensitivity photoelectric detector 3 (APD) for realizing self-monitoring of light source power.
In this embodiment, in the apparatus shown in fig. 1, the computer 10 controls the control module 8 to control the light source drive 2 to make the light source 1 emit light to realize emission of light signals, and the data acquisition module 9 acquires the back reflection receiving detection signals, and analyzes and calculates the signals acquired by the data acquisition module 9.
In this embodiment, in the device shown in fig. 1, the adopted multi-core optical fiber 7 is a dual-core optical fiber, and the device separates the light source emergent fiber core from the detection fiber core through the dual-core optical fiber, so that interference of backward scattering noise of the light source in the multi-core optical fiber probe on the detection signal is avoided, and the influence of the optical fiber itself is effectively restrained.
In this embodiment, in the apparatus shown in fig. 1, the multi-core optical fiber is a dual-core optical fiber, so that the dual-core optical fiber fanout device is also selected for the corresponding multi-core optical fiber fanout device.
[ example 2 ]: four-core optical fiber blood oxygen parameter measuring device based on 2x2 optical fiber coupler.
The device is shown in fig. 5, wherein the driving circuit 2 of the light source controls the light source 1 to emit light according to the instruction of the control module, the light source 1 is connected with three side core channels of the four-core fiber fan-in fan-out device through the beam splitter 12 by the 2x2 fiber coupler 5, as shown in fig. 7, so that one path of light is uniformly distributed into three side cores of the four-core fiber, and the backward reflection light signal can be received by the middle core 13.
This example was also achieved by the method described in example 1, with the main differences:
(1) As shown in fig. 6, the multi-core optical fiber used is a four-core optical fiber;
(2) The connection mode of the 2x2 optical fiber coupler 5 and the multi-core optical fiber fan-in fan-out device 6 is shown in fig. 7;
(3) The adopted multi-core optical fiber is a four-core optical fiber, so that the corresponding multi-core optical fiber fan-in fan-out device also selects the four-core optical fiber fan-in fan-out device.
In the description and drawings, there have been disclosed typical embodiments of the invention. The invention is not limited to these exemplary embodiments. The specific terms are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.
Claims (5)
1. An oxygen parameter measuring device based on 2x2 optical fiber coupler, characterized by: the device consists of two groups of semiconductor light sources 1 (LEDs or LDs) and a driving circuit 2 thereof, two high-sensitivity photodetectors 3 (APDs) and photoelectric conversion amplifying circuits 4 thereof, a 2x2 optical fiber coupler 5, a multi-core optical fiber fan-in fan-out device 6, a section of multi-core optical fiber 7, a control module 8, a data acquisition module 9 and a computer 10. The computer 10 can operate the control module 8 and the data acquisition module 9 through instructions, so that the control of the light emission signal and the backward reflection receiving detection signal is realized, and the analysis and calculation of the signals acquired by the data acquisition module 9 are performed; the invention can measure the blood oxygen saturation (SaO) 2 ) Is also compatible with Swan-Ganzoxide catheter of Edwards and CeVOX catheter of Getinge, for mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO) in pulmonary artery blood vessels 2 ) And central venous oxygen saturation in central venous vessels (ScvO 2 ) Is provided).
2. The 2x2 fiber coupler-based blood oxygen parameter measurement device according to claim 1, wherein: the wavelengths of the two groups of semiconductor light sources 1 are respectively red light (660 nm) in the sensitive range of hemoglobin (Hb) variation; oxyhemoglobin (HbO) 2 ) Infrared light sources (910 nm) of a more sensitive range are varied.
3. The 2x2 fiber coupler-based blood oxygen parameter measurement device according to claim 1, wherein: the light source driving circuit 2 has a current adjusting function, and can change the light emitting intensity of the semiconductor light source 1 (LED or LD) by adjusting the magnitude of the current.
4. The 2x2 fiber coupler-based blood oxygen parameter measurement device according to claim 1, wherein: the detection range of the high-sensitivity photodetector 3 (APD) and the photoelectric conversion amplifying circuit 4 thereof should be matched with the current adjustment range of the light source driving circuit 2 according to claim 3.
5. The 2x2 fiber coupler-based blood oxygen parameter measurement device according to claim 1, wherein: the multi-core optical fiber 7 is a double-core optical fiber, and in order to avoid interference of backward scattering noise of a light source in the multi-core optical fiber probe on detection signals, the emergent fiber core of the light source is separated from the detection fiber core, so that the influence of the optical fiber is effectively restrained.
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