CN114469042A - FPGA-based tissue oxygen metabolism detection device and method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a tissue oxygen metabolism detection device and method based on FPGA (field programmable gate array), which can realize portable noninvasive detection of tissue oxygen metabolism. The device comprises: the device comprises a light source module, a detector module, an FPGA processing module, a measuring probe and a display module. The light source module is a near-infrared long coherent laser; the detector module is an avalanche photodiode; the FPGA processing module is used for calculating tissue oxygen metabolism parameters; the measuring probe is used for fixing the light source optical fiber and the detection optical fiber; the display module is used for displaying the parameters in real time. The method utilizes the multi-wavelength DCS technology to irradiate a light source to the surface of the tissue to be detected in a time division mode, the FPGA processing module is used for directly finishing the processing of data acquired by the detector, namely the FPGA processing module replaces an upper computer to finish the whole data processing process, the device volume and the cost are greatly reduced, and the convenient noninvasive detection device and the convenient noninvasive detection method are provided for the clinical tissue oxygen metabolism detection.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of biological information detection engineering, in particular to a tissue oxygen metabolism detection device and method based on an FPGA (field programmable gate array).
Background
Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases such as stroke, coronary heart disease, peripheral artery disease and the like seriously threaten the life health of human beings, although the cure rate of the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases is increased year by year, the recurrence risk of the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases is still high, and the portable detection of tissue oxygen metabolism parameters (such as tissue oxygen metabolism rate, tissue oxygen saturation, tissue blood flow and the like) has important significance for improving the treatment effect and avoiding recurrence. The oxygen consumption accounts for about 20% of the whole body of the brain tissue, the oxygen storage of the brain tissue can only be used for ten seconds, once cerebral ischemia or hypoxia occurs, the energy stored by the brain tissue can be exhausted within about 3 minutes, and the cerebral cortex nerve cells begin to die within about 5 minutes, so that irreversible damage occurs. Therefore, only portable tissue oxygen metabolism detection can help to find abnormal physiological signals in time, and particularly when the detection device is applied to brain tissue with strong dependence on oxygen metabolism, the requirement for portability is higher. It should be noted that tissue oxygen metabolism is derived from the detection of changes of two parameters of tissue oxygen saturation and tissue blood flow, and therefore, the tissue oxygen metabolism detection device needs to meet the detection of two parameters of tissue oxygen saturation and tissue blood flow.
The technique of Diffusion Correlation Spectroscopy (DCS) utilizes near infrared Spectroscopy to irradiate the tissue surface, and calculates the light intensity autocorrelation function (g) of the scattered light spot on the tissue surface2(tau)), the movement state of the red blood cells in the tissue is calculated, and the quantitative detection of the tissue blood flow can be realized; according to the corrected Lambert beer law, the multi-wavelength DCS can realize the quantitative detection of the tissue oxygen saturation. Compared with the existing clinical tissue blood flow and tissue oxygen saturation detection technology, the DCS technology solves the problems of poor radiation, poor real-time continuity, heavy instrument, high cost, high operation difficulty and the like of the laser Doppler, nuclear magnetic resonance and other technologies, and has the advantages of non-invasive, real-time, long-time continuous detection, low cost, easiness in operation and the like. However, the multi-wavelength DCS detects two parameters, namely, tissue oxygen saturation and tissue blood flow, by increasing the number of channels, i.e., the number of light sources and detectors needs to be increased, which leads to increase in complexity and cost of the detection device; in addition, if still carry out analysis processes through the host computer to the multi-wavelength data of gathering, must bring detection device bulky, difficult operation scheduling problem, be difficult to realize the portable detection of tissue oxygen metabolism.
Based on the above, the invention provides the tissue oxygen metabolism detection device and method based on the FPGA, which can realize portable noninvasive detection of the tissue oxygen metabolism parameters. The multi-wavelength DCS technology is utilized to irradiate light sources with different wavelengths on the surface of a tissue to be detected in a time division mode, the FPGA processing module is used for realizing the analysis and processing of a detector signal of a lower computer, the FPGA processing module replaces a traditional upper computer to complete the whole process of multi-wavelength data processing, and the device and the method for detecting the oxygen metabolism of the clinical tissue are convenient and fast.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a tissue oxygen metabolism detection device and method based on FPGA, aiming at providing a convenient tissue oxygen metabolism detection solution aiming at realizing early detection of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular major diseases. The tissue oxygen metabolism detection device can realize long-time, continuous and real-time noninvasive detection of deep tissue oxygen metabolism by using a multi-wavelength DCS technology; different wavelength switching is realized in a time division mode, and the processing and transmission of the signals of the lower computer detector are realized through the FPGA processing module, so that the size and the cost of the device are greatly reduced, the sampling time and the convenience are both considered, and the operation is convenient; the contact area of the measuring probe and a tested person is small, the device is suitable for neonates, pregnant women and severe patients, the detection requirement is low, and the operation is convenient.
See the description below for details:
an FPGA-based tissue oxygen metabolism detection device and method, the device comprises: the device comprises a light source module, a detector module, an FPGA processing module, a measuring probe and a display module. Each module specifically comprises the following components:
(1) the light source module consists of a laser power supply controller and a long coherent laser with different wavelengths in a near infrared band. The laser power supply controller is used for controlling the switching of the lasers with different wavelengths in a time division mode; the different wavelength lasers are coupled with the light source optical fiber, and the different wavelength light beams irradiate the surface of the measured tissue in a time division mode.
(2) The detector module is an avalanche photodiode and is used for receiving the scattered light spot intensity on the surface of the detected tissue body after being irradiated by the light source, coupling with the detection optical fiber, recording photon number and converting the photon number into an electric pulse signal for outputting.
(3) The FPGA processing module is used for receiving and processing the electric pulse signals output by the detector and calculating to obtain real-time data of the tissue oxygen metabolism parameters (namely tissue oxygen saturation, tissue blood flow and tissue oxygen metabolism rate).
(4) The measuring probe is used for fixing the light source optical fiber and the detection optical fiber, so that the light source optical fiber and the detection optical fiber are perpendicular to the surface of the tissue to be measured, and tissue oxygen metabolism parameters (namely tissue oxygen saturation, tissue blood flow and tissue oxygen metabolism rate) at different depths can be obtained according to the probe distance between the light source optical fiber and the detection optical fiber.
(5) The display module is used for displaying real-time changes of tissue oxygen metabolism parameters (namely tissue oxygen saturation, tissue blood flow and tissue oxygen metabolism rate).
Furthermore, the light source is a long coherent laser with different wavelengths in a near infrared band, the power is more than 50mW, the coherence length is more than 10m, the wavelength range is 650nm-950nm, the central wavelength can be 685nm, 785nm and 830nm, and the light is transmitted through the multimode fiber.
Furthermore, the light source optical fiber is a multimode optical fiber, and the core diameter is 50 μm, 62.5 μm, 100 μm or more.
Furthermore, the detection optical fiber is a single-mode optical fiber, and the core diameter is 5 μm or 9 μm.
Furthermore, the FPGA processing module replaces an upper computer to complete the whole process of data processing, and the electric pulse signals output by the detector are firstly utilized to calculate and obtain multi-wavelength light intensity data and light intensity normalized autocorrelation (g)2(τ)) data; then, according to the modified Lambert beer law, the multi-wavelength light intensity data is converted into tissue oxygen saturation, and according to the DCS theory, the light intensity is used for normalizing autocorrelation (g)2(τ)) data is converted to tissue blood flow; and finally, calculating the tissue oxygen metabolism rate according to the tissue oxygen saturation and the tissue blood flow.
The invention has the innovation that the calculation of the tissue oxygen metabolism parameters (namely, the tissue oxygen saturation, the tissue blood flow and the tissue oxygen metabolism rate) is realized by the FPGA processing module, and compared with the method that the tissue oxygen metabolism parameters are obtained by calculating the electric pulse signals output by the detector through an upper computer, the FPGA processing module directly completes the transformation from the electric pulse signals to the tissue oxygen metabolism parameters, the volume of the tissue oxygen metabolism detection device can be effectively reduced, the device cost is reduced, and the convenient noninvasive detection of the tissue oxygen metabolism is facilitated.
Advantageous effects
The invention provides a tissue oxygen metabolism detection device and method based on FPGA (field programmable gate array), which can realize portable noninvasive detection of tissue oxygen metabolism parameters. The multi-wavelength DCS realizes the detection of two parameters of tissue oxygen saturation and tissue blood flow by increasing the number of channels, namely the number of light sources and detectors needs to be increased, thereby causing the increase of the complexity and the cost of a detection device; in addition, if still carry out analysis processes through the host computer to the multi-wavelength data of gathering, must bring detection device bulky, difficult operation scheduling problem, be difficult to realize the portable detection of tissue oxygen metabolism. In order to solve the problems, the invention utilizes the multi-wavelength DCS technology to irradiate light sources with different wavelengths on the surface of a tissue to be detected in a time division mode, and realizes the analysis and processing of a detector signal of a lower computer through an FPGA processing module. In addition, the tissue oxygen metabolism detection device adopts the optical fiber coupling measuring probe, has small contact area with a testee, is suitable for neonates, pregnant women and severe patients, has low detection requirement and is convenient to operate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a system schematic diagram of an FPGA-based tissue oxygen metabolism detection device;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a tissue oxygen metabolism detection method based on FPGA.
In the drawings, the components represented by the respective reference numerals are listed below:
1: laser power controller 2: laser A
3: laser B4: laser C
5: light source fiber 6: measuring probe
7: the detection optical fiber 8: detector
9: first data line 10: FPGA module
11: second data line 12: display module
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with specific embodiments.
The invention provides a tissue oxygen metabolism detection device and method based on FPGA, FIG. 1 shows a system schematic diagram of the tissue oxygen metabolism detection device based on FPGA, the device comprises:
and the laser power controller 1 is used for controlling the switching of the laser A, the laser B and the laser C and realizing the switching of different light sources in a time division mode.
Laser A, laser B and laser C, the central wavelength of which can be selected between 650nm and 950nm, the coherence length is greater than 10m, and the power is greater than 50 mW. In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the central wavelengths of the lasers are 685nm, 785nm and 830nm, and other wavelengths may be selected according to actual requirements, or the number of wavelengths may be increased.
And the light source optical fiber 5 is used for transmitting the emergent light of the laser light source and irradiating the emergent light to the surface of the measured tissue.
And the measuring probe 6 is used for fixing the source optical fiber 5 and the detection optical fiber 7 to be vertical to the surface of the measured tissue.
And the detection optical fiber 7 is used for guiding the scattering light spot on the surface of the detected tissue body to the detector 8.
And the detector 8 is used for receiving the scattered light spot intensity on the surface of the detected tissue body after being irradiated by the light source, recording the photon number and converting the photon number into a TTL electric pulse signal.
And the first data line 9 is used for data transmission between the detector 8 and the FPGA processing module 10.
The FPGA processing module 10 is used for analyzing and processing the electric pulse signal output by the detector to complete the light intensity and light intensity normalization autocorrelation (g)2(τ)) and further calculatingReal-time data of tissue oxygen metabolism parameters (i.e., tissue oxygen saturation, tissue blood flow, tissue oxygen metabolism rate).
And the second data line 11 is used for data transmission between the FPGA processing module 10 and the display module 12.
And the display module 12 is used for displaying the tissue oxygen metabolism parameters (namely tissue oxygen saturation, tissue blood flow and tissue oxygen metabolism rate) in real time.
Fig. 2 shows a method for detecting tissue oxygen metabolism based on FPGA provided by the present invention, and a portable non-invasive detection of tissue oxygen metabolism parameters (i.e. tissue oxygen saturation, tissue blood flow, tissue oxygen metabolism rate) can be achieved by using the apparatus of fig. 1.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the measuring probe is fixed on the surface of the measured tissue, and the light source optical fiber and the detecting optical fiber are ensured to be vertically incident to the surface of the measured tissue.
Step two: the power is supplied to the device, and the laser, the detector, the display module and the like are ensured to be powered on. And opening a switch of a laser power supply controller, transmitting and irradiating the light beam subjected to time division control to a position point required by the measured tissue through a light source optical fiber, detecting the intensity of a scattered light spot on the surface of the measured tissue by the avalanche photodiode through a measuring probe, counting scattered photons at the position point, and outputting an electric pulse signal.
Step three: the FPGA processing module receives and analyzes the electric pulse signals transmitted in the second step, and the electric pulse signals are processed to obtain light intensity and light intensity normalized autocorrelation (g) under different wavelengths2(τ)) data. Converting the multi-wavelength light intensity data into tissue oxygen saturation according to the corrected Lambert beer law; according to the DCS theory, the light intensity is used to normalize the autocorrelation (g)2(τ)) data is converted to tissue blood flow. Tissue oxygen metabolism rate is then calculated from tissue oxygen saturation and tissue blood flow data. So far, the FPGA processing module has calculated tissue oxygen metabolism parameters (i.e., tissue oxygen saturation, tissue blood flow, tissue oxygen metabolism rate), and transmits its data to the display module.
Step four: the display module receives the obtained tissue oxygen metabolism parameters (namely tissue oxygen saturation, tissue blood flow and tissue oxygen metabolism rate) and displays the parameters in real time.
Further, the tissue oxygen metabolism detection device and method based on the FPGA of the invention utilize the near infrared light to the specific calculation process of the tissue blood flow change as follows:
for the electric pulse signals obtained in the step three, namely the light intensity signals I (t) at different moments, the FPGA module realizes the light intensity normalization autocorrelation (g)2(τ)) is calculated, which is expressed as:
where I (t) represents the detected intensity at time t, τ is the delay time, and < > represents the time averaging.
DbDependent on the correlation function g for the Brownian scattering coefficient2(τ) exponential decay rate.
Blood Flow factor (BFI) BFI ≡ α DbWherein the value of alpha is between 0 and 1, and represents the proportion of the moving scattering particles in all particles in the biological tissue.
The relationship between Blood Flow (BF) and blood flow factor (BFI) is as follows:
BF＝γBFI
wherein BF is a blood flow and is expressed as mL 100mL-1·min-1(ii) a BFI is a blood flow factor in cm2S; gamma is a proportionality constant in units of (mL 100 mL)-1·min-1)/(cm2/s)。
The formula for calculating relative blood flow (rBF), i.e., the change in tissue blood flow, is as follows:
wherein, BF0And BFI0Representing blood flow and blood flow factors, respectively, at the initial time.
Further, the tissue oxygen metabolism detection device and method based on the FPGA of the invention utilize the near infrared light to the specific calculation process of the tissue oxygen saturation change as follows:
for the electric pulse signals obtained in the step three, namely the light intensity signals I (t) with different wavelengths at different moments, the FPGA module realizes the calculation formulas of the change of the concentration of the oxygenated hemoglobin and the concentration of the deoxygenated hemoglobin according to the modified Lambert beer law as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
for oxyhemoglobin concentration change, Δ CHb(t) is the change in the concentration of deoxyhemoglobin,
respectively represents oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin at wavelength lambda1And λ2The lower corresponding molar extinction coefficient, I (. lamda.)1T) and I (λ)1And t) respectively represent at a wavelength of λ1And λ2The light intensity at the time t,
and
respectively represent the wavelength lambda1And λ2The corresponding path difference factor.
Therefore, formula for calculating tissue oxygen saturation
Can be converted into:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
for oxyhemoglobin concentration, CHbIs the concentration of the deoxygenated hemoglobin,
and CHb(0) Respectively representing the oxyhemoglobin concentration and the deoxyhemoglobin concentration at the initial time (i.e., when t is 0).
Further, the invention relates to a tissue oxygen metabolism detection device and method based on FPGA, wherein the relation among the tissue oxygen metabolism rate, the relative oxygen uptake fraction and the tissue blood flow is as follows:
rMRO2＝rOEF×rBF
wherein r represents a relative change amount, i.e., rMRO2Relative oxygen metabolism rate, rOEF is relative oxygen uptake fraction, and rBF is relative blood flow.
Relative oxygen uptake fractions, rOEF, were:
in the formula, SaO2For arterial blood oxygen saturation, SaO2(0) And SaO2(t) represents the arterial oxygen saturation at the initial time (i.e. when t is 0) and at time t, respectively, StO2(0) And StO2(t) represents the tissue oxygen saturation at the initial time (i.e., when t is 0) and at time t, respectively. In general, it can be assumed that: SaO 21, therefore, the relative oxygen uptake fraction, rioef, can be expressed as:
then, the relative tissue oxygen metabolism rate (rMRO) can be obtained2) Comprises the following steps:
in the formula, StO2(0) And StO2(t) represents the tissue oxygen saturation at the initial time (i.e., when t is 0) and at time t, respectively, and rBF is the relative blood flow. All variables in the formula can be calculated by measurement.
Finally, it should be noted that although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the above-mentioned preferred embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and scope of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. An FPGA-based tissue oxygen metabolism detection device, comprising: the device comprises a laser power controller (1), a laser A (2), a laser B (3), a laser C (4), a light source optical fiber (5), a measuring probe (6), a detection optical fiber (7), a detector (8), a first data line (9), an FPGA processing module (10), a second data line (11) and a display module (12). The method is characterized in that:
the laser power controller (1) is used for controlling the switching of the laser A (2), the laser B (3) and the laser C (4) in a time division mode;
the laser A (2), the laser B (3) and the laser C (4) are connected with the measuring probe (6) through a light source optical fiber (5), are controlled by a laser power controller and irradiate light beams with different wavelengths to the surface of a measured tissue body;
the measuring probe (6) is used for fixing the light source optical fiber (5) and the detection optical fiber (7) to ensure that the light source optical fiber (5) and the detection optical fiber (7) are perpendicular to the surface of the measured tissue, and tissue blood flow parameters at different depths can be obtained according to the probe distance between the light source optical fiber and the detection optical fiber;
the detector (8) is used for receiving the scattered light spot intensity on the surface of the detected tissue body after being irradiated by the light source, is connected with the detection optical fiber (7), records the photon number and converts the photon number into a TTL electric pulse signal;
FPGA processing module (10) for analyzing processing probesThe electric pulse signal output by the device (8) completes the light intensity and light intensity normalization autocorrelation (g)2(τ)) and calculating to obtain real-time data of tissue oxygen metabolism parameters, namely tissue oxygen saturation, tissue blood flow and tissue oxygen metabolism rate;
the first data line (9) is used for data transmission between the detector (8) and the FPGA module (10);
the second data line (11) is used for data transmission between the FPGA module (10) and the upper computer (12);
and the display module (12) is used for displaying the tissue oxygen metabolism parameters calculated by the FPGA module (10) in real time.
2. The FPGA-based tissue oxygen metabolism detection device of claim 1, wherein the laser has a coherence length of 10m or more, a wavelength range of 650nm to 950nm, and a center wavelength of 685nm, 785nm and 830 nm.
3. The FPGA-based tissue oxygen metabolism detection device of claim 1, wherein the light source fiber (5) is a multimode fiber with a core diameter of 50 μm, 62.5 μm, 100 μm or more.
4. The FPGA-based tissue oxygen metabolism detection device of claim 1, wherein the detection fiber (7) is a single-mode fiber with a core diameter of 5 μm or 9 μm.
5. The FPGA-based tissue oxygen metabolism detection device of claim 1, wherein the FPGA processing module (10) replaces an upper computer to complete the whole process of tissue oxygen metabolism parameter calculation, and firstly electric pulse signals output by the detector (8) are used for calculating to obtain multi-wavelength light intensity data and light intensity normalized autocorrelation (g2 (tau)) data; then, according to the modified Lambert beer law, the multi-wavelength light intensity data is converted into tissue oxygen saturation, and according to the DCS theory, the light intensity normalized autocorrelation (g2 (tau)) data is converted into tissue blood flow; and finally, calculating the tissue oxygen metabolism rate according to the tissue oxygen saturation and the tissue blood flow.
6. An FPGA-based tissue oxygen metabolism detection method based on the FPGA-based tissue oxygen metabolism detection device of claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) placing a measuring probe (6) on the surface of the measured tissue;
(2) the light beams after time division control are conducted and irradiated to a position point required by the measured tissue through a light source optical fiber (5), a detector (8) detects the intensity of a scattering light spot on the surface of the measured tissue through a measuring probe (6), scattered photons at the position point are counted, and an electric pulse signal is output;
(3) the FPGA processing module (10) analyzes the electric pulse signals transmitted by the detector (8) to obtain light intensity and light intensity normalized autocorrelation (g) under different wavelengths after processing2(τ)), calculating to obtain the tissue oxygen metabolism parameters, namely, the changes of the tissue oxygen saturation, the tissue blood flow and the tissue oxygen metabolism rate;
(4) the display module (12) displays the tissue oxygen metabolism parameters obtained by treatment in real time.
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| CN102048526A (en) * | 2010-12-29 | 2011-05-11 | 重庆大学 | FPGA (field-programmable gate array)-based cardiovascular parameter non-invasive detection device and control method |
| CN108670240A (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2018-10-19 | 中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所 | The device and method of measurement biological tissue blood volume, blood oxygen, blood flow and oxygen metabolism |
| CN112244822A (en) * | 2020-10-13 | 2021-01-22 | 北京工业大学 | Tissue oxygen metabolism rate detection device and method based on near-infrared broadband spectrum |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102048526A (en) * | 2010-12-29 | 2011-05-11 | 重庆大学 | FPGA (field-programmable gate array)-based cardiovascular parameter non-invasive detection device and control method |
| CN108670240A (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2018-10-19 | 中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所 | The device and method of measurement biological tissue blood volume, blood oxygen, blood flow and oxygen metabolism |
| CN112244822A (en) * | 2020-10-13 | 2021-01-22 | 北京工业大学 | Tissue oxygen metabolism rate detection device and method based on near-infrared broadband spectrum |
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